^^^  % 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1,0 


1.25 


l^|28  12.5 
•^  1^  III  2.2 
2.0 


1.1    I'^ll 


1.8 


1.4 


1.6 


V] 


<^ 


/}. 


7 


o 


7 


/A 


Photographic 

Sciences 
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CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
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Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


vV 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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□ 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
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Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
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D 


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Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dossous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


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1 

y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


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BibliothAque, 

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la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  •-^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 


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different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
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right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  rdduction  diffdrcnts. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  ii  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  I'angle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

SMITIISONIAX  MISCELLAXKOUS  COLLECTIONS. 


219 


MOXOGRAPIIS 


OF  TUB 


D    I    r    T    E    R    A 


OF 


NORTH   AMERICA. 


PAKT    IV. 


PREPARED   FOR  THE   SMITHSONIAN   INSTITDTION 


BY 

R.     OSTEN    SACK  EN, 


WASHINGTON: 
SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION. 

JAXUAUY,  1869. 


\tiM: 


:m- 


i' 


m 


-■^f~i 


•V. 


m 


^m: 


ADVERT  I  SEME  NT. 


TiiK  present  publication  is  the  fourth  part  of  a  work  on  tlic 
Piptera  of  Nortli  AnuTica.  Jt  has  been  jjreparcd  at  tiio  recpu'st 
of  tlio  Suiithsouiari  Institution  ])y  JJaron  H.  Ostcn  Sueken,  anil 
is  based  almost  excUisivoly  on  his  own  collections. 

Tarts  I  and  II  of  the  series  were  written  by  Dr.  II.  Loew,  of 
Mescritz,  Prussia,  jjrincipally  from  the  examination  of  specimens 
furnished  by  IJaron  Osten  Sacken.  Part  III,  also  by  Dr.  Loew, 
is  in  an  advanced  state  of  preparation.  The  work  is  published 
in  successive  monoprraphs  of  families  and  genera,  when  suflicient 
material  is  on  hand  for  illustrating  particular  groups,  without 
reference  to  svstcniatic  secpience. 

JOSEPH  HENRY, 
Secretary  S.  I. 

SmITHPONMAX  iKSTtTCTIOW, 

Washington,  December,  18G8. 


pntt.AiiFi.pni.*: 

CO  (.1.1  X  s,    r  K  1  .\  I  KR. 


PREFACE. 


A(o  S((  fir}  ivaxtpa^vnv  rtatSixui  tr^v  ttrpi  Tuv  atifioripuv  ^^uf  \tti- 
axt-^iv.  Ev  rtait  yap  roij  "fvjixoif  tj/furi  rt  ^av/uaorov"  xai  xa^anri) 
HjjcixXftroj  Xtyirai  «poj  roiij  ItVov;  finni'  tovj  ^ovT^ofiivovi  ivrvxitv 
avrifi,  oi  irtfiSri  rtpo'jiovtfi  fl6ov  aiiTov  ^tpofu'vov  rtpof  Tfjt  irti'tj)  ?OT>;oo»' 
(exEXctic  ydp  avTovf  tiaiivau,  ^appoiiftai'  tlfo^^  yap  Kai  ti/rai'^a  ^foi)$),  ovVw 
xai  ttfiuf  rijv  ^r^ttifjiv  rttpi  ixdarov  tiltv  C^iuf  Ttpoaiivai  hil  fi.ii  dvowrtov/uftof 
w;  fi'  anaaif  ot'to;  rtcci;  '}>v(tixov  xai  xaXoii. 

(Wherefore  we  ought  not  childishly  to  neglect  the  stn<ly  even  of  the 
most  despised  animals,  for  in  all  natural  objects  there  lies  sometliing 
marvellous.  And  as  it  is  related  of  Heraclitus  tliat  certain  strangers  who 
came  to  visit  him,  when  they  found  him  warming  himself  at  the  kitchen- 
fire,  stopped  short — he  hade  them  enter  without  fear,  for  there  also  were 
the  gods  :  so  we  ought  to  enter  without  false  shame  in  the  examination 
of  all  living  beings,  for  in  all  of  them  resides  something  of  nature  and 
beauty.) 

Aristoteles,  lie  partibus  animalium,  I,  fi. 


E 

r 


The  present  Trolume  contains  the  first  part  of  a  monograph  of 
the  North  American  Tipulidee,  that  is,  the  TipuUdse  brevipalpi, 
tlie  Cylindrotomina,  and  Ptychopterina.  The  TipuUdse  longi- 
palpi  are  reserved  for  another  vohinie. 

The  ground  covered  in  this  monograph  is  the  same  as  that  of 
my  former  essay :  New  genera  and  species  of  the  North  American 
Tipididae  with  short  palpi,  with  an  attempt  at  a  new  classijication 
of  the  tribe  (in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sci- 
ences of  Philadelphia,  1859),  that  is,  it  embraces  all  the  known 
North  American  species,'  at  the  exclusion  of  those  from  the  West 

'  The  described  species  belong  to  tlie  Atlantic  States  of  the  Union  ;  only 
two  Californian  species  have  been  ad<led. 

(iii) 


iv 


PREFACE. 


Indies  and  Mexico.  But  if,  instead  of  the  sixty  jjages  which  the 
aI)ove-nientioned  essay  contains,  tlie  i>resent  volume  lills  nearly 
tlu-ee  hundred  and  sixty,  this  is  owing  partly  to  the  inerease  of 
materials  at  my  disposal,  partly  to  the  much  greater  development 
which  I  have  given  to  the  paragraplhs  concerning  the  classifica- 
tion. When,  in  1859,  I  adopted  an  entirely  new  distribution  of 
the  Tipulidse,  I  considered  it  as  only  provisional,  because  it  was 
based  exclusively  on  North  American  species.  Since  then,  how- 
ever, it  has  proved  available  in  a  more  general  application, 
and  has  been  introduced  by  Dr.  Schiner  in  the  European  fauna. 
I  have  therefore  deemed  it  necessary  to  explain  my  views  on  that 
distribution  with  more  accuracy!  and  have  treated  the  classifica- 
tion with  almost  as  much  detail  as  if  I  was  writing,  not  a  faunistic, 
but  a  general  monograph  of  the  family.  I  only  regret  that  my 
opportunities  for  studying  the  Eur()})ean  fauna  have  been  so 
limited.  As  to  the  Tipulidse  from  the  other  parts  of  the  world, 
besides  Europe  and  North  America,  they  are  hardly  known  at  all. 
The  little  I  have  seen  of  them  in  the  i)rincipal  museums  of  London, 
Paris,  Berlin,  and  Turin,  has  been  made  use  of  by  me. 

My  principal  collecting  grounds  have  been  the  environs  of 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  of  New  York.  I  have  made  occasional 
excursions  to  different  parts  of  the  States  of  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania  and  in  New  England  ;  moreover,  I  have  received 
contributions  from  my  friends  in  New  Englajid,  and  not  unim- 
portant collections  from  the  northwestern  region  of  this  continent, 
sent  by  the  lamented  Robert  Kennicott.  Thus,  as  far  at  least  as 
the  more  common  species  are  concerned,  the  Middle  and  Northern 
States  may  be  said  to  be  tolerably  well  represented  in  this  volume; 
less  so,  the  region  west  of  the  Alleghanies  and  the  British  Pos- 
sessions.   The  country  south  of  Washington  is  almost  unexplored, 

I  owe  a  debt  of  deep  gratitude  to  my  friend  Mr.  Samuel  Powel, 
in  Newport,  R.  I.,  who  devoted  a  great  deal  of  valuable  time  to 
the  preparation  of  magnified  photographs  of  the  wings,  intended 
to  be  represented  on  the  plates  I  and  II  to  this  volume.  These 
photographs  were  transferred  to  steel  by  the  process  of  Baron 
Egloffstein.  The  plates  thus  obtained  present  a  degree  of  fidelity 
to  nature  hardly  attainable  by  the  ordinary  processes.  The  plates 
III  and  IV,  drawn  by  my  own  unskilt'i.:  hand,  are  reproduced 
from  my  earlier  essay ;  only  the  arrangement  of  the  figures  on 
them  has  been  changed. 


pnEFArE.  _ 

The  mcasnroments  arc  givtMi  in  doci.nal  frnctions  of  nn  inch  (as 
111  the  forinor  voimncs  of  these  monographs). 

I  am  under  manifold  obiigation.s  to  n.v  fri.Mids  Director  T.ocw 
of  (iuben,  Prussia,  and  Dr.  Sehiner,  of  Vienna,  for  their  as.si.stancJ 
m  my  work. 

R.  OSTEN  SACKEX. 

Nkw  Yonn,  April,  18C8. 


Tf 


Se 


TABLE   OF  CONTEXTS. 


ON  THE  N'OUTII  AMKRICAN  TIPULID.E. 


Preface 

luti'oduction 

1.  Characters  of  the  family  Tipulid.r  .... 

2.  Uii  the  larvib  of  the  Ti|)tili(liv  ..... 

3.  Historical  ucuount  of  tiie  cla.ssitication  of  the  Tii)!!^^.!;  . 

4.  Division  of  tiie  Tiimlidjc  in  /»»i'/i/;(;//</  and  lirerijitiliii 
b.   Distribution  of  the  Ti]iuiid,'i-  in  sections 

(!.  General  n-niurks  on  the  structure  of  the  Ti|(uiid;B  hrevipalji 

7.  Comparison  of  the  Nortli  American  with  the  Kuropean  faun 

of  Tipulidte  brevipalpi 

8.  On  the  North  American  species  of  Tipuliilte  brevijialpi  prev 

ously  described  ........ 

Table  for  determiniiip  the  penera       ...... 

Systematic  distributiou  of  the  genera  of  Tipulidas     .         . 


Section  I.  LIMNOBINA 


Gen.   I.    DlCRANOMYIA     . 

1.  longipennis  .Sc/(M»M.  ^  .  9 

2.  iiiimodesta  0.  S.  %.^  . 

3.  gladiator  0.  S.  %.^     . 

4.  diversa  0.  S.  %  .<^ 

5.  pudica  0.  S.  ^.O 

6.  rostrifera,  n.  sp,  7j .  9  • 

7.  brevivena,  n.  sp.    ^  .  9 

8.  floridana,  n.  sp.  'J, .  9  • 

9.  distans  0.  S.  %.^ 

10.  stulta  0.  S.  ^  .  9 

11.  liborta  O.  S.  %.<} 

12.  hseretica,  n.  sp.  ^  .  9  • 

13.  halterata,  n.  sp.  % 

14.  badia  Walk.  -J  .  9 


iii 

1 

1 

2 

7 

17 

21 

26 


39 
44 

41) 


PAdK 

PAiiK 

51 

15. 

morioides  0.  S.  -J, .  9  . 

73 

53 

10. 

pubipennis  O,  S.    %  .  9 

73 

(51 

17. 

globithorax,  n.  sp.  "^  .  9 

74 

02 

18. 

rara,  n.  sp.  9 

75 

03 

19. 

defuncta  O.  *'.  '^  .  9     . 

Iii 

04 

20. 

marmorata  O.  S.  'J, 

04 

((  alifornia) 

77 

05 

Gen. 

II.    (lEKANOMYIA     . 

78 

6(i 

1. 

rostrata  .SV/y,  'J, .  9 

79 

67 

2. 

diversa  O.  S.  ■J, .  9 

f-0 

07 

3. 

canadensis  W'isitv.  %  .  9 

i-0 

68 

69 

Gen. 

III.  Rhipima 

81 

70 

1. 

mai'ulata  Mcir/.  T, .  9  • 

^2 

71 

2. 

fidelis  0.  S.   -J, .  9 

83 

72 

3. 

domestica  0.  S.  'J, .  9  • 
(  vii  ) 

84 

r!$ 


irii 

■■:  »-i 


1 

,                                             Vlll                                            TAIJLE  OF  (•(•XTKNTS. 

rAiiK 

PAilK 

Ot-n.  IV.  LiMNoniA 

.       H4 

G.n.  XIV.  Teitiiolaiiih 

129 

1.  ulnulipes  Sai/,  %  ,  9 

.       88 

1.  coniplexa  0,  S.  ^.  9  . 

132 

2.   iniiiuilura  O.  S.  'J, ,  9 

.       8!l 

•X  Holltaria  0.  S.  %  .  9 

<M) 

Gen.   XV.    TllAl'-MAHTOI'TEHA  . 

133 

4.   hudsonica  (>,  S.  9 

.       Dl 

6.  trioctillata  O.  S.  ■J, .  9 

.       92 

;,                                               (i.  parietina  O.  S.  %  .  9 

.     y:) 

.Se(Tio.\  III.  KRIOFTKRINA     . 

1.3.') 

7.   iii(li«ena  0.  S.  'J, .  9 

.      94 

Gen. — Siijmalomera      . 

137 

8.  triHtigiiia  0.  S.  %  .  9 

.       94 

'                                                9.  HociabiliH,  n.  hj).  9 

.     ur) 

Gen.  XVI.  RiivriioLoi'iira    . 

139 

10.  cttliforuioa  (>.  S.    %  . 
1                                                                      (California] 

1.  niil)ilus  0.  S.  ^  .  9      . 

141 

I       90 

2.  iiinoiens  n.  Hp.  ^  .  9    • 

142 

i 

3.   nit^ripilUH,  n.  Hp.    ^  .  9 

142 

'                                           Ofii.  V.  TnoriioiKiLA    . 

.      97 

4.  lioiotriuiujs  0.  5.  9      . 

143 

1.  argud  Siiy    . 

.       98 

fi.  rubellus,  n.  sp.  ^  .  9    . 

144 

6.  nieigenii  0.  S.  'J, .  9     . 

144 

7.  HMinticola,  n.  ap.  ^ 

Hf) 

Section  II.  LIMNOBINA  ANO 

Gen.  XVII.  Kuhu'tkha 

14(j 

,                                                 MALA  . 

1^ 

100 

(Siibgen.   Kriojitera.) 

1                                               Oen. — Sli/rinijomuia 

.     102 

1.  HeptenitrionisO.  .S'.  ^.  9 

155 

H 

2.  villosa  0.  5.  -J,.  9 

l.''>5 

Oen.  VI.  RiiAMi'iimiA  . 

.     103 

3.  cliiysoconia  0.  S.  %.^ 

15G 

1.  tlavipes  Miic(j.   '^.  9 

105 

4.  ve^jpertina  0.  S.  ^  .  9  . 

157 

1 

5.  ulilorophylla  0.  S,  '^  .  9 

157 

Oen.  VII.    El-KI'HANTOMYIA 

10(i 

6.  Btaniinea,  n.  sp.  '^  .  9  . 

157 

1.  westwoodi  U.  S,  ^  .  9 

109 

(Suhgen.  Acjjphnna.) 

ji 

7.  venusta  0.  »S.  'J .  9 

1.58 

,'                                          (Sen.  VIII.   ToxouRHiNA 

.     109 

8.  arinillarid,  n.  sp.  ^  .  9  . 

158 

1.  magna  0.  S.  %.  9 

114 

9.  graphica  0.  S.  %.<i    . 

159 

1                                            2.  muliobris  0.  S.  % 

11') 

(Subgen.  Hoplohihis.) 

10.  armata  0.  S.  %.^ 

IGO 

1                                                            Gen.   IX.    DlCRANOI'TYCHA 

11(5 

(Subgen.  Mesocifphtma.) 

1.  germana  O.  5.  ^  .  9 

117 

11.  caloptera  5a^,  %.^     . 

161 

2.  sobrina  0.  .S'.  '^  .  9 

IIS 

12.  parva  0.  S.  %.^ 

162 

!l                                              3.  nigriped  0.  S.  %  . 

119 

(Subgen.   Mohphilus.) 

ri                                          '>en.  X.  Orimaroa 

120 

13.  pubipennis  0.  5.  9 

162 

14.  hiitipennis  0.  S.  9     . 

163 

;                                             Gen.  XI.   Kllu'tkra 

122 

15.  forcipula,  n.  sp.  ^.9  . 

1G3 

! 

16.  ursina  0.  S.  %    . 

164 

;                                           Gen.  XII.  Antocha 

124 

Gen.  XVJII.  Trimicra  . 

165 

1                                               1.  saxicola  0.  S.   %.<^     . 

12(i 

1.  anomala  X).  S.  %.^    . 

167 

\                                         Gen.  XIII.  Atarra 

127 

Gen.  XIX.  Chioxea      . 

168 

!j                                             1.  picticornis,  n.  sp.  ^     . 

r  ' 

t' 

i  ■' 

:  1 

128 

1.  valga  Ilnrr.  %      . 

169 

TAIII.K  (tF  CdNTKNTH. 


Ix 


PAnR  I 
Oen.  XX.  SvMPi.m  TA  .         .     !"•' 
1.  ininotipuiiiiis.l/'i'/.  ^  .  9     171 

Oi>n.  XXI.  <JN(ir'iioMYiA         .     17-' 

1.  liictiio-ifi  <».  S.    ^         .174 

2.  tiistissiiuii  O.  .S.  ^.9-     17'i 

Geu.  XXII.   I'fii.ocoNop.v       .     17ti  I 

! 

Oon.  XXIII.  (!oNi()MYi\         .  17"! 

iiiain'ii,  II.  s|).    ^  .  .  17*  , 

1.  Hulphuiflla  '>.  .s'.   'J,  .9  Isii  ; 

ii.  foguaiflla  (>.  S.  1.(j  .  1M  I 

3.  suhcinen-a  O.  5.  t, .  9  .  Is] 

4.  Maiula  O.  S.  'j, .  9       .  iMi ' 

Gen.  XXIV.  Kmpeda    .         .     18H 
1.  stigiiiaticii,  n.  sp.  %     .     184 

Gen.  XXV.  Cuvptolaiiis       .     is.'. 
1.  paiadoxa  O.  S,   %.<^  .     iSi; 

Oen.  XXVI.  Ci.adiiia  .  .     lf>7 

1.  llavoferrugineaO.  .S'.  ^  .  9  Is^  , 

2.  iudivisa  O.  S.  -^  .  9       .     189 

EECTinN  IV.   LIMNOPIIILINA 
Gen.  XXVII.   KpiPiiKAfiMA 

1.  I'asuipcnnis  Sny,  'J, .  9 

2.  solatrix  0.  S.  ■J, .  9 


14. 
l.'.. 

M. 
17. 
Ih. 
111. 
•Jn. 
21. 

2.!. 
24. 


contempta,  n.  «p,  %  .9 
inDi'n.ita,  n.  t«p.  '^ 
fratria,  n.  Hp.   ^   . 
lircvifiina  <>.  >',  ^.  9 
ultima  O.  .v.   ^.  9 
apiilin.i  o.  .V.   ^  .  9 
tu-t(ivaiia  O.  >'.  {^  .  9 
nitil.asis  o.  S.  ^.  9 
niuiid.i,  n.  Hp.  ^  .  9 
nidiitana  (>.  S,  ^  .  9 
fiiliitalis,  11.  sp.   'J, .  9 
<|ii.nliata  O.  S.  ^.9 
lenla  O.  .">".   |, .  9 


Gen.  XXVIII.  Limxophila 

1.  uiacroeera  Say,  ^  .  9 

2.  iiniua,  n.  sp.   9    • 

3.  fasciolata  O.  S.  '^ 

4.  poetiiia,  n.  sp.  "J, 
.').  tenuicornis,  n.  sp.  'J, .  9 

6.  niveitarsis,  n.  sp.  'J, .  9 

7.  tenuipert  Sm/,  %,^ 

8.  recondita,  n.  pp.  %  .  9 

9.  imliecilla  O.  S.  '^.9 

10.  toxoiienia  O.  S.   ^  .  9 

11.  aieolata  0.  S.  ■J, .  9 

12.  adiista  0.  S.  ^.9 

13.  luteipenuis  0.  S,  ^.9 


19(1 

l!i:? 
1!I4 

V.K, 

( 

lOCj 
2(14  i 
211,'i 

207  I 
2(18  I 
2(19 
210  I 
212' 
21:^1 
213' 
214  i 
21  r. 
217, 


(!en.  XXIX.   rt.oMoui'HV 
1.  pilosella  O,  S.  1.  9 

Oen.  XXX.  Tkk  iioi  i;ka 

Sectio.v  V.   ANISOMRRINA 

Hen.  XXXI.  A.NiHOMERA 
I.  nu't'aeera  (J.  S.  '^.9 

Gen.  XXXII.  Cladolipes 

Oen.  XXXIII.  Km  meua 

1.  Hpinosa  O.  S.  %  .  9 

2.  longicornis  Walh.  'J, .  9 

3.  wilsonii,  n.  sp.  ■^ 

4.  fuliginosa  O.  S.  'J, .  9 

Gen.  XXXIV.    Pexthoptkua 
1.  albitarsis,  u.  sp.  '^  .  9  • 

Sectios  VI.  AMALOriNA 

Gen.  XXXV.   Amaloi-is 

1.  imonstans  O.  S.  '^  .  9  • 

2.  auripennis  O.  S.  '^ 

3.  ealcar  O.  S.   -JC,  .  9 

4.  hypi-rborea  O.  S.  '^ 
.').   vernalls  O.  S.  'J, .  9 

Gen.  XXXVI.  Pedicia 

1.  all.ivitta  Walk.  ^  .  9    . 


PAim 

21H 

211) 


223 
22.1 
22.") 

22(; 

227 
221) 
2:iO 
231 

232 
233 

233 

238 

239 
243 

244 

244 
2r.2 
2,-.3 


2.''.r> 

257 
2.'')  9 

2(;o 

2fi(J 
2(18 
2ii8 
2(19 
270 

271 
273 


V  TV 


h 


m 


.Ill  '> 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


iM^ 


Gen. 
1. 

I) 
^< 

Gen. 
1. 
o 

Gon. 
1. 

Gen. 

1. 
11 


XXXVII.  Ula      . 

elegiius,  u.  sp.  9 
paupera  O.  .S.  ■J, .  9 

XXXVIII.  DiCUANOTA    . 

livuliiris  O.  S.  %.^    . 
t'lHera,  n.  sp.  'J,   . 

XXXIX.  Pl,KCTl!OMYIA  . 

uiodesta,  n.  sp.  ^  .  J   . 

XL.  Rhaphidolauis 
tenuipes,  n.  sp.  ^  .  9    • 
llaveola,  n.  sp.  '^  .  9    • 


Sect.  VII.  CYLIXDROTOMINA 

Gon.  XLI.  CvLisnuoTOMA 

1.  aniericana  0.  S.  ^ 

2.  uodicornis  0.  S.  ^  .  9  • 


I'AclK 

'214 

Gen. 

XLII.    TUIOOMA       . 

FAHB 

3(13 

270 
277 

1. 

exsculpta  0.  S.  9 

304 

278 

Gen. 

XLIII.  Pfialacrockra  . 

305 

281 

1. 

tipuliua  0.  6.  '^ 

307 

281 

282 
284 

Sect.  VIII.  PTYCIIOPTEUINA 
Gen.  XLIV.  I'tychoptkka    . 

3oa 

309 

2;-4 

1. 

lufocineta  0,  S.  'J, .  9  • 

313 

287 

Gen. 

XliV.    BlTTACOMORPIIA   . 

313 

1. 

clavipes  Fali.  t, .  9 

315 

2S0 

2iit; 

Gen 

XLVI.  Pkotoplasa 

31(3 

2!)1) 

1. 

fitchii  0.  ii>.          .        , 

319 

301 

W:: 


APPENDIX  I. 

Species  described  by  previous  autliors  and  not  contained  in  tlic 
present  Monograph  . 


Say,  Journal  of  the  Acadcmi/  <>/ 

Xit.  Srinircs  in  Phitud.  321 

Limnobia  humeralis  .  321 

Say,   Ln)i<fs   Expedition,  etc.  ; 

Aji/iendix        .         ,  .  321 

Pty(dioptera  4-fasciata      .  321 

Trichocera  scutellata         .  322 

iViedeninnn\'i  A iissercuropdischa 

ZweiilUijvliije  liiseclen     .  322 

Limnobia  gracilis      .         .  322 

A.  Filrh,  Winirr  Fnseels  of  East- 
ern \i!ii'  i  ork         .         .  323 
Trichocera  brumalis          .  323 

Moeqtinrt,  Diptires  ICxolii/iiP.i,  t^tc.  323 

Limuophila  carbouaria     .  323 


]ValLer,  I^ist  of  Sped  wens  of  the 
liritish  Mus(  uin,  etc. 
Ptyclioptera  nietallica 
CLiouea  aspera 
scita   . 
Trichocera  hi  macula 
gracilis    . 

Widler,  D'ptera  Sa\mder>i(iiia  . 
Limnobia  turpis 

biterminata 
ignobiiis    .         » 

Zetterstedt,    Dl/itera    Seandina- 
vi(r,  etc.  , 

Erio])tera  fascipennis 

W^estii'ood,    r.oiid  >n    and    Kdin- 
hirrijli  Piiilos,  Mmiiiz,       , 
Uynoplialia  aunuhita 


321 

324 
324 
32.5 
325 
325 
325 

326 
32(5 
327 
327 


328 
328 


32!) 
329 


"'11 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


xi 


APPENDIX  11.     . 


Prrip/in-nptfira  Schiner 
(lynoplistia  Westw.  . 
Ccrozodia  Westw.     . 
C/nniop/iord  Scliin. 
Panitropcaa  Sohiu.    . 


TAOE 

330 
331 
331 
332 
332 


Clrdoiiin  Philippi      , 
Po/ijmoria  Pliilippi    , 
I.adiiiiicini  Plulijipl 
Pvlijmera  Wied. 


PAOB 

330 


330 

TAilK 

333 
334 
33-J 
335 


Explanation  of  the  Plates 
Index 

Aduitioxs  axd  Coekectioks 


337 
341 
345 


Hi.". 


^ "  »1 


!.«*,» 


1^ 


•m 


i 


m 


DIPTERA 


OP 


NORTH   AMERICA 


i 


-I 


PART  IV. 


I. 

ON  THE  KORTII  AMERICAN  TIPULID.E. 

(Part  First.) 
IXTllODUCTIOX. 

1.    Chnrciftert^  of  Ihc  familtj. 

The  TipuUdce  heloii.Lf  in  the  miiiibcr  of  those  large  families 
of  Diptera,  the  limits  of  which  are  ecjually  well  deliiied  on  ail 
sides.  In  the  Dolichopodidon  and  Asilulne  we  have  instances  of 
families  of  tht  same  kind,  and  the  words  of  Mr.  Loew  ahont  the 
latter  "that  not  a  tjingle  dipteron  has  yet  heen  found,  the  posi- 
tion of  which  as  belon,uing  or  not  belonging  to  this  family  is 
questionable" — these  words  may,  with  almost  equal  propriety,  be 
applied  to  the  Tipulidac. 

The  presence  of  a  transverse  Y-shaped  suture  across  the  nieso- 
notuni,  would  alone  be  sullicient  to  distinguish  the  7'ljiiilidn  I'nnn 
the  neighboring  families.  The  completeness  of  the  venation  and 
the  structure  of  the  ovii)ositor  of  the  fenuile  are  of  ecpuilly  general 
application.  Through  the  whole  family,  and  all  the  niodilications 
in  the  other  organs  notwi'listanding,  tlie  venation  is  arranged 
according  to  the  same  phip,  V.:.  haracteristie  features  of  which 
are,  the  great  length  of  the  two  basal  cells,  the  development  of 
the  au.viliary  vein,  and  the  presence,  in  the  nnijority  of  cases,  of 
a  discal  cell.  The  veins,  in  their  last  sul)divisions  along  the 
margin  of  the  wing,  are  frou)  ten  to  twelve  in  number  (if  Clado- 
1      May,  1808.  /  j  \ 


I'.'-sl 


w 


■  %\ 


Oh, 


'I 


2 


DIPTEUA  OF  NOUTII  AMKllir.V. 


[I'AllT  IV. 


Ill; 


1 1, 1 


lijH:fi  and  To.rorrhina  (Tiil».  I,  f.  (1)  have  only  iiiii'^  vi-iiis,  the 
obliteration  of  a  vein  is  in  both  cases  cvidont).  Tlio  ('idiridie 
jmd  J'.ti/rhodidc  come  next  to  tlio  Tiindidti  with  rcj^janl  to  the 
coni|)le1cne.ss  of  the  venation  ;  but  thoy  have  no  diseal  cell ;  among 
all  the  (AhiiV  Diptrra  nemocc.ra,  this  cell  occurs  oidy  in  liluiphuH. 

The  size  and  structure  of  the  ovipositor,  with  its  two  pairs  of 
loiijr,  horny,  jjointed  valves,  is  common,  vtith  very  rare  exceptions, 
to  all  the  Tijiiilid/v  (the  ovipositor  of  the  other  Dip/cm  nemori'ra 
generally  consists  of  two  hardly  projecting  inconspicucnis  valvules). 
The  only  genera  exceptional  in  this  respect  are  Cri/plohihis  and 
Billat'omorpha;  their  ovipositors  do  not  show  any  horny  append- 
ages.* 

These  three  leading  characters  of  the  TijtuUdvc — thoracic  suture, 
venation,  and  the  structure  of  the  ovipositor — sulliciently  isolate 
this  family  among  the  other  Jh'ii(cra  ncnioccrd  :  but  wc;  render 
the  contrast  still  more  striking,  if  we  direct  our  attention  to  the 
different  parts  of  the  orgaidzation  of  the;  'ri/ndida',  and  comi)are 
them  with  the  corresponding  parts  in  other  families.  Thus  the  eyes 
here  arc  rounded  or  oval,  and  never  excised  on  the  inside  (reni- 
form  or  lunate),  like  those  of  most  Cuiiddtv,  Chironumidir, 
J',<i/rJiodidir,  Siwulidtr,  and  some  Jifrceloji/iilidir.  T1h>  ocelli 
are,  with  rare  exceptions  (Trichon  ra  and  perhaps  I'cdicia), 
wanting,  or,  at  least,  imperceptible;  and  this  character  the  'J'i/>ii- 
lidve  share  with  the  CuUcidse,  Chironomidsc-,  Pt<i/rhodidte,  Siniu- 
Udiv,  and  a  part  of  the  Cccidomyidse.  The  joints  of  the  antenna! 
flagellum  are,  with  rare  exceittions,  well  marked  in  their  divisions, 
the  .shape  of  the  whole  antenna  being  in  most  cases  setaceous, 
that  is,  gradually  attenuated  towards  the  tip.  The  joints  are 
never  absolutely  cylindrical,  as  in  some  Cvcidomyise  {Axphon- 
dylia,  Hpanioccra),  or  of  the  compressed  disciform  shai)e,  so 
common  among  the  JFi/cctojihilidiv ;  only  liliipidia  has  them 
pedicelled  (a  cliaracter  common  among  the  Ccvi.donu/in).  The 
antenna!  joints  are  in  most  cases  verticillate  (a  character  very 
rare  among  the  Mijci'tophilida);  never  busliy  (a  character  tif 
genera!  occurrence  among  the  males  of  the  Chironomidsc  and 
Ciilicidtt).  With  regard  to  tlie  nund)er  of  antenna!  joints,  the 
Tipnlidiv  do  not  dill'er  nuich  from   tlie  otlier  Ncmoccro  ;  the 

'  I  hiivo  iieclectod  tlu>  opportunities  I  have  had  to  examine  the  ovipositor 
of  ]littitc(imorpli(i  oti  fresh  specimens ;  iu  dry  ones,  I  perceive  only  a  pair 
of  short,  coriaceous  appendages. 


INTUODICTION. 


3 


great  majority  of  lliem  liavo  2  4-11,  2  -f  12  or  2  -f  14  Joints; 
the  grt-at  majority  of  tlit-  Mijcrto/i/iilhia;  liavi'  2+14,  tlio 
CiiUriihe  2  -f  12,  the  Clii runout idiv.  from  2  -f  10  to  2  +  l;J  (in 
tlio  iiialf  sex;  iiim-Ii  h-.ss  in  the  fennUe)  ;  the  Ci'cidomyidiv  2  +  12, 
or  (loul)le  1hi^,  nuniltcr,  2  +  24. 

Tiie  feet  of  tiie  Tijutliihv  are  eomparatively  niiieli  lon<rer  than 
tlio.se  of  the  other  families  of  Di'iidra  nrmoccra  (exeept  jierhaps 
the  lilrpJi(n'oceri(ltv);  hnt  the  eoxio  are  never  po  long  as  in  the 
MiU'i'tuphiUdiv,  the  femora  never  dentate,  as  in  (Jera(opn(/iin  :  the 
tiliia',  althou,u:h  often  sjjurrctl  at  the  tip,  arc  never  beset  with 
sjiines,  as  in  tlie  majority  of  the  Jfi/cclojihi'idx.  The  niiirues 
lia\e  sometimes  teeth  on  the  under  side,  like  those  of  some 
ChlronoDuilte  and  j\Iijirto])hHidiv ;  cmpodia  are  often  dislinet, 
but  pulvilli,  like  those  of  Jiibio,  have  not  been  observed. 

It  size,  the  majority  of  the  Tijiulidfc  are  considerably  larger 
than  tiie  oUwr  J h'p/cra  nemocera,  and  the  contrast  in  this  respect 
is  very  striking. 

Among  the  families  usually  placed  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Tipu- 
Udiv,  the  Hk'phavurcridiv  alone  may  have  a  claim  to  a  distant 
relationship  with  them.  In  the  structure  of  the  incomplete 
thoracic  suture  of  lilcpharorci'a,  1  perceive,  if  I  am  not  mistaken, 
an  approach  to  the  rti/rh<>})(criiin  ;  but  as  my  knowledge  of  the 
Itlvpharoci'vidiv  is  conlined  to  a  single  species,  I  would  not  insist 
upon  this  relationship.  The  JUcphanxrridiv  have  three  ocelli 
and  a  peculiar  venation;  the  inner  horny  parts  of  the  mouth  of 
JiU'pharoccra  are  much  more  developed  tlia..  those  of  the  Tipu- 
Udfe ;  and  the  eyes  are  divided  by  a  distinct  cross-line  into  two 
portions,  one  with  large,  the  other  with  small  facets;  a  character 
which  I  have  never  observed  among  the  Tipiilid/r. 

Tiie  connection  between  the  Ffi/cliodidn;  and  the  Erioplcrina 
is  of  a  very  obscure  kind,  and  unless  further  developed  by  obser- 
vation, cannot  have  any  rcientific  value. 

The  position  of  tiie  genus  Chinnrn  among  the  Tipulidfr,  is 
determined  chiefly  by  the  structure  of  its  ovipositor,  the  want  of 
a  thoracic  suture  notwithstanding,  ^loreover,  the  relatioiisliip 
of  Chionea  to  Trimivra  is  evident. 

The  case  of  Di.rn,  likewise  d(>prived  of  a  thoracic  suture,  is 
more  doubtful.  This  genus  has  been  referred  to  the  Mijccto- 
j^hilidir  by  ^Feigen  and  /etterstedt  ;  to  the  Tijnilidiv.  by 
Macquart  and  Wcstwood  ;  Kondani  connects  it  with  Trichorcra, 


•■^'^'■^1 
^-.M 


■■■$m 


I 


I!- 


Ml'TKlt.V  (iK  NfillTM  AMKUICA. 


[PAUT  IV. 


11 


ami  llaliduy  places  it  jd'ovisidiiiilly,  toirctlicr  with  OriJnxjilula, 
ill  an  iirtirK.-ial  f.Ti)iii»,  J/tfiniciifn.  Jti.ni  lias  no  thoracic  sntiiru; 
tilt;  oviposilor  of  tlic  Icnialc,  luconlin,^  to  Mr.  Jlaiiday,  is  dilliroiit 
from  that  of  the  Tijndiiifi;  coiisistinir  of  two  short,  broad,  rouiid 
lanicls  ;  iIm;  jircsciico  of  only  six  loniritiidinal  veins,  the  shortness 
of  tlieniixiliary  vein,  the  absence  of  both  subcostal  and  inarfrinal 
cross-veins,  the  peculiar  coursi;  of  the  lirst  lontritiidinal  vein,  the 
constant  absence  of  the  discal  cell,  etc.,  constitute  a  typo  of 
venation  which  sejiarates  i>/.rfl  from  all  the  known  Tipulidi.v  and 
shows  some  points  of  analojrv  with  Pti/chnjilera  only.  The 
rather  extraordinary  larva  of  Jii.ni  (described  by  Sta!}rer)  is  one 
ground  more  for  seiiaratinjj?  this  g'cniis  from  the  'J\'jiuli(l;r.  Alto- 
gether, I  incline  to  tin;  opinion  if  Mr.  Ilaliday  iu  leaving  JJua, 
temporarily  at  least,  iu  an  isolated  position. 

2.   On  the  lai'nv  of  (lie  Tipididse. 

During  the  larva  stage,  the  species  of  this  family  arc  as  well 
marked  among  the  Diptera,  as  in  the  ])orfect  stage  of  their 
existence.  At  the  same  time,  they  exhibit  a  renmrkalile  con- 
formity in  the.  U)ore  inii)ortant  parts  of  their  organizati(Mi,  all  the 
dillerences  in  the  external  conditions  of  their  lilb  notwithstanding. 
About  a  dozen  more  or  less  complete  tlescriptions  of  such  larvic 
have  been  given  by  former  authors,'  and  I  have  had  occasion 
myself  to  examine  several  larva^  of  Limnobia,  Ttptda,  Parhijr- 
rhina,  and  Clcnoiihorn.  The  folhiwing  account  is  based  iipou 
these  data  (some  more  details  concerning  all  the  known  larva> 
of  this  family  will  be  given  under  the  head  of  the  respective 
genera) : — 

The  principal  character,  distinguishing  these  larvjc  from  tl>ose 

'  Perris,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  de  Fr.  1849,  p.  331,  Tab.  VII,  f.  4  (Ha 
pilosa)  ;  the  same,  1.  c.  1847,  p.  37,  Tab.  I,  f.  3  {Trichncmi)  ;  tbe  same, 
1.  c.  1849,  p.  331,  Tab.  VII,  f.  5  {Limnop/iiht  dispar)  ;  Cliioiim  hy  Hrauer 
(J'<'/7(.  ZodI.  Bot.  Ver.  1854);  C;jllniIrotnma  in  Sciit'lleiiberg,  Genrcx  de 
Munches  Dipt.,  and  in  Zeller,  Isis,  1842,  p.  808  ;  Phuhicmvem  in  Degeer ; 
Pfi)cltoptern  in  Reaumur  and  Lyonnet ;  Ctenojdiora  in  Fischer,  Ori/cidi/r. 
du  (roiwt.  de  Moscou,  Bouclie,  etc.  ;  Tipula  in  Reaumur,  Degeer,  Houche, 
etc.  Besides  the  detailed  descriptions,  numerous  sliort  notices  about 
single  larvne  are  scattered  in  the  difFerent  autliors.  I  cannot  refrain  from 
noticing  here,  that  what  Mr.  Ileeger  describes  as  the  larva  of  Liinnohin 
ptati/plera  Macq.  (Sitziingslier.  der  Wien.  Acad.  Vol.  XI,  1S53)  is  a  Myceto- 
philideous  larva,  probably  JJolilophila, 


1NTIU)1)1  t'TION. 


f)f  tlio  nt'ij^liboriiio;  families  is,  (lint  iis  far  as  known  tlicy  are 
iiit'tapticiislic,  tiiat  is.  tlicy  Iiavi;  a  .single  ])air  uf  si>iraflt'S  ut  tin' 
anal  fnil  of  llic  body.  The  genus  'J'ricliocrrit,  anonialoiis  in 
nniny  n-siH-cts,  is  the  only  one,  jn'ovidrd  Mr.  I'crris'  statements 
are  correct,  which  has  two  ])airs  of  spiracles,  ii  thoracic  and  an 
anal  one.  A  second  characteristic  peculiarity  of  these  larviu  is 
the  structure  of  the  inentuni,  which  consists  of  a  horny  jilate, 
pointed  in  front,  and  with  several  nion;  or  less  deep  indentations 
on  lioth  si(le>  of  this  central  ])oint.  1  found  tiiis  organ  in  all  the 
larvie  which  1  have  dissected;  it  is  entirely  dilfercnt  from  the 
corresponding  organ  in  the  larva'  of  the  Mi/i'ctoji/iiliihr  (compare 
my  description  of  these  in  the  J'roc.  E)dum.  Soc  I'hil.  1802,  p. 
l;-il,  Tal).  I). 

The  liead  of  the  larva  is  comparatively  large,  imbedded  nearly 
up  to  the  mouth  in  the  first  tlutracie  scrment ;  it  consists  of  a 
liorny  shell,  open  on  the  under  side  and  in  front  ;  the  parts  of  the 


month  arc  inserted  in  the  latter  openii 


The  comparatively 


large  labrum,  hipi>iiig  over  the  'nouth  when  it  is  in  motion,  has 
a  rather  comi)licatcd  structure,  partly  liorny,  partly  fleshx',  vary- 
ing in  the  dilierent  genera;  often,  for  instance  in  Tijndd,  with 
bristh's  a.-d  microscopic  hairs  in  front.  The  mandibles  arc  horny, 
very  strong  (not  flat,  as  in  the  Mijt elopltUidn),  generally  bilid  at 
the  tip  and  often  with  several  indentations  on  the  inner  side. 
The  maxilla)  arc  likewise  largo  and  stout ;  more  or  less  fleshy  on 
the  inside,  but  strengthened  on  the  outside  by  horny  plates  ;  they 
have  a  short  palpus  on  the  outside  and  the  usual  lobe,  coriaceous, 
often  provided  with  an  entanglement  of  hairs  and  l)ristles,  on  the 
inside.  The  mentum,  already  alluded  to  above,  is  a  horny  lamel 
of  variable  structure;  in  Tipula  and  Ctenophorn  1  have  found  it 
triangular  in  front,  the  sloping  sides  bearing  several  small  inden- 
tations; in  a  larva  of  Limnohia  this  organ  had  five  large  teeth 
in  front.  Under  the  mentum,  inside  of  the  buccal  cavity,  1  have 
perceived  in  the  larvte  of  'Tij)itla  and  Ctenophora  another  smaller, 
rouiided,  horny  lamel,  with  indentations  on  its  anterior  side.  The 
plane  of  this  second  lamel  is  parallel  to  that  of  the  lirst,  and  it 
may  be  seen  moving  up  and  down,  when  the  mouth  is  in  motion. 
The  aiitennsE,  placed  on  Jic  sides  of  the  mouth,  consist  of  a 
rounded,  fleshy  basal  piece,  and  a  cylindrical,  horny  shaft,  ending 
in  one  or  several  stout  bri.stles. 


1% 


f    ^ 


r 


;'   ' 


I 


<y    \ 


4 


^ 


6 


DII'TKIIA  (IF  XOllTII  AMEIirCA. 


[PAUT  IV, 


if 


IIIIV 


'rii((  l)0(ly  (if  llic  larvii'  is  frniij-liki',  (if  a  uniform  g^rayisli, 
lii'dwiiisli,  (ir  wliilish  cdldr.  ll  {.•oiisisfs  of  twelve  S('j:;iii('iilrf 
(count iii<^  the  anal  hicffnicnt  ainoutr  tlicniV  The  nature  of  tlu; 
(julcr  inleguuicnts  depends  on  the  iiiode  of  life  of  tlie  hirva. 
Tlio  larvie  of  C/oioji/iora,  liviiifjf  in  wood,  have  a  soft,  white, 
smooth  skin,  siniihir  to  that  of  the  larvse  of  hmtrieorn  lieetjes  or 
of  tlu!  A.<ili<ln,  livin;^  in  similar  eonditions.  The  hirvie  (jf  Ti/mlri, 
livinj;  in  the  soil,  or  the  larvie  of  those  sj)ecies  of  i'lcnorora 
which  are  found  iti  wood  so  far  decomposed  as  to  lie  like  soil  or 
ve<j;etal)le  mould,  have  a  much  touj^her  skin,  and  are  covered  with 
a  microscopic,  appresscd  puliescence.  This  tuu<rliness,  ns  well 
as  some  stilf  liristles,  scattered  over  the  surface  of  the  skin,  is 
prolialily  usefid  in  Imrrowinfr.  Thus  the  larva  of  Trivlioci  ra, 
dij^u'lng"  in  vejfetable  mould  or  in  fungi,  is  covered,  accordint;'  to 
Ferris,  with  microscopic  erect  bristles;  the  larva  of  L'la.  living 
ill  fungi,  has,  according  to  the  same  author,  still  longer  bristles. 
Tli(^  lurva'  living  in  water  (as  some  Limiiohino)  are  soft  and 
slimy,  of  a  dirty  greenish  color,  and  with  a  peculiar  clothing  of 
aiijircssed  microscopic  hairs,  not  unlike  those  of  the  larva'  of 
HlraUomyid.  The  most  anomalous  of  all  the  Tipulideous  larvie 
are  those  of  the  CijU.Hlrolomina.  That  of  the  Ci/liiidrolonKi  dis- 
tiiicfii<si)na  lives  ui)ju  the  leaves  of  plants,  as  Jnoiionc,  Vinla, 
Slcllnria,  almost  like  a  caterpillar;  it  is  green,  with  a  crest  along 
the  back,  consisting  of  a  row  of  fleshy  iirocesses.  The  larva  of 
('i/lindrutonia  (Phalacroccra)  repUcula,  according  to  Degcer, 
lives  in  the  water,  on  water-i)laiits,  and  is  distinguished  by 
numerous  lllaments,  Avhich,  although  resenibling  spines,  are 
flexible  and  hollow  on  the  inside.  Degcer  took  them  for  organs 
of  respiration. 

The  organs  of  locomotion  of  the  larva}  generally  consist  in 
transverse  swellings  on  the  under  side  of  the  body  provided  with 
exceedingly  minute,  stilf  bristles.  Sometimes  these  swellings  run 
round  the  whoh^  body  ;  in  such  a  case,  their  dorsal  portion  is  less 
developed  than  the  ventral.  The  anal  end  of  the  bod\'  is  truncate, 
and  the  two  spiracles  are  placed  upon  the  truncature.  The 
margins  of  the  latter  are  for  the  most  part  provided  with  fleshy 
retractile  processes  of  various  size  and  shape,  usually  four,  some- 
times six  or  more.  The  truncature  can  be  contracted  at  the  will 
of  the  larva,  and  then  the  fleshy  processes  are  shortened  and  the 
spiracles  arc  inclosed  in  the  cavity  thus  formed  at  the  end  of  tho 


INTUODrCTlOV. 


7 


body.  Tlio  flc.-liy  processes  iin;  snnictimos,  espeeinlly  in  tlio 
I'ipulidn,  streiiji'tlieiicd  on  the  iiitier  -idu  l»y  >m:ill  lioriiy  plates, 
soiiietinies  tliey  tiro  replaced  by  horny,  pointed  processes  (1  have 
I'niind  a  larva  t)f  this  kind,  belonLrin.ii'  to  Ti/mlii  or  I'drln/rr/iind). 
Tiie  larvie  of  soiiKt  ('Ifnuji/inr.'t  (as  (J.  alniht,  )iiijri<iinu's,  etc., 
hi'loMii'lnii"  to  tli(!  snl),i;"eniis  A'i/i/nira  ISrulle),  have  no  processes  at 
all  round  the  truncatiire.  In  the  aipiatie  larvae  of  I'lijchitjilirn, 
a  Ioiil;'  tube  at  the  .id  of  the  body,  serves  for  breathing,  fur  whicii 
purpose  it  is  raised  to  the  surface  (tf  the  water. 

On  the  under  side  of  tlie  last  segment  is  the  anal  opening. 
Ininicdiatelv  in  front  of  the  anns,  on  the  niider  side  of  the  liodv, 
sonu  larva',  belonging  probably  to  the  genus  I'/'juild,  have  u 
certiiiii  iiunil)er  of  soft,  digitiforin,  retractile  processes,  varying  in 
size,  shape,  and  iininl)or.  (The  usual  shape  is  figured  in  Ueauniur, 
IV,  Tal).  XIV,  f.  10,  where  then;  arc  six  large  processes;  but 
sometimes  they  are  much  smaller.)  I  do  not  know  the  use  of 
these  singular  organs. 

The  pupa)  of  the  TipiiJidn'  arc  extricate,  like  those  of  nearly 
all  the  IXplera  orlhovuphd.  The  thorax  usually  Itears  two  horn- 
like processes,  varying  in  length  and  structure.  They  re[u'eseiit 
the  thoracic  si)iracles.  In  Pitivhoplero  one  of  these  processes 
ac(piires  a  great  length,  in  ordi/r  to  allow  the  pupa  to  breathe 
under  water.  The  abdominal  segments  of  the  pupa  are  provided 
with  transverse  r(»\vs  of  hairs,  bristles  or  sjjines,  which  enal)lc 
the  pupa  to  extricate  itself  from  its  j)lacc  of  concealment,  pre- 
paratory to  the  escape  of  the  perfect  insect.  These  processes 
are  usually  more  numerous  and  stronger  in  the  genera  Tipula, 
L'lcnophora,  etc.,  than  among  the  brevii)alpous  Tipxdidve. 

3.   ITif>fo)'icol  account  uf  the  clnnHificalion  of  the  Tipuliihr. 

The  word  Tijmla  was  used  l)y  the  Latin  classics  to  designate 
some  long-legu'cd  insect,  running  over  the  surface  of  the  water, 
perliaps  I/i/dromrlm.  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  when 
and  where  this  word  was  first  fMplied  to  the  crane-flies  ;'  l)nt  it 

'  The  quotations  from  Plnulns,  Varm  and  Frslns  about  Ti/mln  or  Tippitlln, 
are  to  lie  Couml  in  all  Latin  dictionaries.  Aldrovandi,  w}io.-;e  work,  /A? 
Aiiiiiinlihits  /iiscciia,  appeared  in  l(j(i2,  leproducfs  these  quotations  (p.  7i''»), 
and  describes  as  Tipnlai  two  water  insects  ;  one  of  them  is  J'liinihn,  uiii(  h 
is  also  figured  ;  the  other  is  apparently  Thjilmmrtrd.  Moufct  (In^ni.  'I'],.  ,,!■■. 
l>o4),  undt'rthe  nameof  77yi)(/r(,  likewise  means  //ij/lromrlrd  (p.  l(i!';;  luit  in 


l''\">  .: 


n  :vfl 


8 


MI'TKIIA  (It'  NdUTU  AMKIIICA. 


[rviiT  IV. 


til 


■  It- 

ll 


ntis  used  in  this  sciisu  some  time  hcl'ori'  liiimc  iiitnidiu'id  tin? 
imint'  In  Ills  /.(M)i«)^ic'iil  syslnii.  His  two  jrt'iicru,  Ciili.r  ttiid 
'J'l/iitlu,  cmhruci!  tlu'  wliolo  of  llio  jircsfiit  hipliru  ininotrra, 
IjuI,  ilk  Ills  urraiijft'iut'iit,  tlicy  wvw  iiol  placed  aloiijrsltlo  (»f  oacli 
ollii-r.  Cidr.v,  on  account  of  its  lnnj^  proboscis,  wu.s  put  in  tlu' 
suniL"  jjroup  witli  l-jUijna,  doim/is,  olc. 

I"'altricius,  in  liis  curlier  works  (,S'//,sV.  /•Jntouioi  I7T4),  followed 
Linn(;  in  adoptin;^  these  two  ^'■(.'iicni  and  locating  them  on  account 
of  the  structure  of  llieir  prol)oscis. 

Lutl'eilk',  in  lSt)2  (///.>7.  yaliir.  dcs  CnislarrK  cf  dcs  Inncclfs, 
A'ol.  Ill),  introduced  the  numo  Tipiilai'in-  for  the  division  which 
Ik;  alU'i'wurds  called  hiplira  ncmovcra,  and  which  lie  distin- 
fTuished  on  account  of  the  slructuro  of  the  antenna'.  'I'lie  genera 
udndtted  hy  him  at  that  time,  Ixsides  (Julcx  and  Tipula,  were 
Crm/ilalKii,  liihio,  Siinulium,  Scalojifii'. 

AVhilc  Fahricius  tried  to  fouml  Ids  arranj^'-cment  upon  the 
structure  of  tlie  nioutli,  Tjatreillc  upon  tlie  structure  of  the 
antennio,  the  coniparutiv((  lenj^tli  of  the  feet  and  also  the  structure 
of  the  moutli,  MciLren  struck  in  the  ri<rht  direction  liy  showing 
the  imitortance  of  the  veiuition.  This  character  enal)led  him  to 
establish  at  once  a  series  of  {fcnera,  which  liave  been  retained 
since.  He  did  it  lirst  in  an  essay  (  Vcrauch  ciucr  iiftirii  (lat- 
tiiiKjseinthtnlung  dcr  cnrop.  zu'cifliigt.  Inscckn,  m  Illi<rer's 
M(i(j(i~.in,  etc.,  II,  J).  2r)0,  180;}),  and  a  year  later  in  his  lirst 
independent  work  {Klast^ificalion  und  lU'srhi'vibuiKi  dcr  vuntp. 
zirci/l.  liifiedcn,  1804).  Without  introducinj^  any  family  divi- 
sions, these  works  f^ive  a  .series  of  dcliintions  of  genera.  The 
following  genera  belonging  to  our  family  of  Tipulidae  are  men- 
tioned in  this  way  by  Meigen  :  Trit-hocera,  Erioptcra,  Limonia, 
Tipnln,  Ncphroloma,  Pltjchoplcra,  Ctenophoi'ci.  Except  Ti.pula, 
all  of  thein  were  new. 

The  fourteenth  volume  of  Latrcille' .  Ilixt.  Nnfur.  des  Cni^taccs 
et  drs  [na.,  containing  the  Diptera  (the  third  volume,  mentioned 

anotlicr  cliapter  (p.  70)  he  mentions  the  word  Tijiula  among  the  Latin  names 
comuionly  applied  to  ciane-lliea.  In  1722  Frisch  (lieschr.  v.  allerl.  Ins.  in 
Dvutschl.  part  IV,  p.  24),  speaking  of  tlie  crane-Hies,  says :  "  Flies  which, 
are  called  TipuUr  by  the  natural ist.s  who  have  written  before  me."  Reau- 
mur ^ibout  173.5)  also  calls  them  "tipnlea."  Linne  quotes  Frisch  and 
proltably  borrows  the  name  from  him.  It  is  not  impossible  that  Aldro- 
vaudi's  liuure  of  Runatra  has  been  mistaken  for  a  craue-tly  {Tijnda),  by 
ouc  of  the  subsequent  authors. 


INTIIUKITTION. 


9 


nhovc,  ^'iivo  only  tlic  ^'ciicnil  <'liis«.iiiciiti(iii),  nppcnn'tl  a  few  niniillis 
nfiii'  .Mfiji<'i)'s  Work.  A  ItlimiL'li  iir(|iiiiiMl<(|  witli  .Moijfni's  lalmrs, 
Liilrcillo  (liM's  nut  ai|ii|it  his  new  ^ii'iicra,  except  Liiiutiiia.  The 
siilMlivisioii  i)f  Iialrt'ilh''s  'J'i/nilnfi/i  (al'terwards  eallej  IHptcra 
vrunnri'ii)  is  rather  euiil'iised,  l»iit  tlie  character  derived  IrDin 
llic  iciiirth  of  the  hist  Jniiit  ul  tht?  pnlpi,  wiiich  Iiecaine  so  iiii- 
pnrtiiiil,  soon  alter,  is  iiitrddiiced  here.  'I'lic  jreiiera  with  nn 
eliHiL'ated  last  joint  of  tlie  palpi  iiJ'e  ;  Ti/>ul(i  (corresp(indin<_'  to 
till'  pri-ciit  jrcniis  ('Ifitnji/iiiro),  Tninnitcni  (for  ('/rtinji/iora 
(tlratii  Faltr. ),  and  Tijrhitjitfro  (containing  species  of  the  genus 
Tijiida  iuid  J'li/rhiiiilfni).  The  genera  with  u  short  last  joint 
of  the  palpi  aro  Limonia,  Muluhnis  (Seiara),  and  Olifjolroji/ia 
(Cecidoniyia). 

In  liUtreille's  next  work — Genera  cruslaccorum  ct  Ivsvctnrum, 
"i'ol.  IV,  ISOt) — a  consideral)le  progress  is  apparent.  Here  for 
tjie  first  time,  the  family  'J'/judidit  in  our  sense  is  distinguished 
as  a  separate  tril.'c  Tipuhiriiv  Irrriiolu,  co-ordinate  to  tho 
Ti}nilnritc  (kjikiUvw  (C'ulex,  Chironumus),  fun[fivoriv  and 
Jlornlcti.  The  Tijm/ariit  Icrricolie,  characterized  by  the  ;:*ruc- 
ture  of  their  antenine,  tho  altsence  of  ocelli  and  the  length  of 
their  feet,  arc  divided  into  two  groups,  according  to  the  length 
of  tlie  last  joint  of  the  palpi.  The  group  witli  an  elongated  joint 
is  composed  of  the  genera  Ck'tui/i/iora,  I'dlicia,  Tijndn,  Nvjihrn- 
loma,  rii/eho/ifcra ;  the  group  with  a  short  joint,  v{  Limonia  iind 
Uc.mtoma  (now  Anitfomcra).  Limonia  which,  in  the  .H-nse  of 
tho  author,  includes  Trichocera  and  Erioptera,  is  further  sub- 
divided in  four  sections,  based  upon  the  structure  of  the  antennae 
and  the  venation.  Among  the  genera  Pedicia  and  llcxatoma 
are  new. 

The  name  Diptera  ncmoccra  has  been  proposed  for  the  first 
time  by  Latreille  in  1817,  in  the  Nouvcan  Dictionnaire  d^ llidoire 
naturdle,  in  the  articles  J)iptcrcii  and  Entomologie. 

Fabricius's  principal  work  on  Diptera,  published  in  tlic  mean 
time — Hyntema  Antlialorum,  ISOo — did  not  add  anything  of  im- 
portance to  tho  knowledge  of  the  distribution  of  the  Tipulidae. 

In  Meigen's  great  work — Si/slcntotifche  Brsvhrcibung  der 
hekanntcn  Europiiischcn  ziceifiitrjUrjen  Lisrcfen — the  first  volume 
of  which,  containing  the  Tipulidse,  appeared  in  1818,  the  Dijdcra 
vemoccra  were  called  Tipularise  (Miicken),  and  subdivided  in 
the  sections :   cnliciformcs  (now  Culicida)  and  Chironomida"), 


pi 


&.■■>:■■ 


'V 


w 


10 


lUI'TKIlA  «>!■'  NttUTII   AMIJtMA. 


[I'MIT  IV. 


t 


;  If 


(jrillicnhr  (now  CcM'idoiiiyiilii'),  iinihin/ornuH  ( I'syrliiMlidii'),  nm- 
tnitiv  ('ripiilidu'),  fiiinjiidln  (.M yccltipliilidu'),  hnjuliri.  (jicim.s 
Sriiira),  liilijirmifii  (Siiimliilu'),  nuinc/i Jitrnii.-i  ( IHItiiiirnlii!  and 
llliy|iliidii').  'I'lic  Tiiinhiriii'  rnxtrativ  (i»nr  'I'lpididn')  \\■vr^) 
dcliiicd  tliiis:  "  Kycs  ruiiiidcd,  s('|»ariit»'i|  liy  llit*  Iritnl  aliitvc;  no 
oeolli  ;  liciid  prolon^^cd  inn  snout;  pulpi  inciu'vcd  ;  thorax  with 
a  curved  transvorsc  siituro  in  tho  ndddh';  altdomni  with  cifrht 
sc^inrnts;  tiltiiu  nioro  or  h'ss  spuri't'd.''  'riic  rojlowiii);  jrcncni 
Wi'W  uihlt'd  to  tli(»s(!  u(h)ptrd  in  the  "  Khixsi/iidlimi,"'  itc  : 
Ji/iipiilid,  Ninialoiini,  AnD'onirra.  'I'ho  naiiii'  Limoniit  (I'ldni 
Uiu'ltv,  meadow),  as  oltJeetional)le  on  account  of  a  I'oreijrn  idea 
wliicli  ini>i-ht  1)0  connected  with  it,  was  clninp-d  in  Ijiinnnhia. 
llc.nifnina  Lat!'.,  was  cininji'ed  in  Ariii<il<irrni,  ratlicr  arltitrarily, 
the  only  reason  for  tliis  ciiaiiffc  heiajj:  tiiat  .Meifi'cn  himself  wanted 
to  use  tiie  name  Ilv.iiilonui  for  one  of  his  geneni.  Liinnvbia  was 
delined  in  the  following  manner  : — 

"  Antenme  setaceous,  lo-l"  jointed;  first  joint  cylindrical,  the 
tsecfind  cyathiform,  the;  f(dlowing  elongated  or  gloI)ular. 

Palpi  incurved,  cylindrical,  four  jointed  ;  the  joints  of  equal 
length. 

No  ocelli. 

Wing.s  (generally)  incumbent  in  a  jiarallel  position  to  each 
other ;  veins  glahrous." 

The  definition  of  Tipiihi  dilTcrs  only  in  the  statement  about 
the  structure  and  the  number  of  joints  of  the  antenme  (thirt(>en)  ; 
the  prolonged  last  joint  of  the  palpi  and  the  divaricate  wings. 

In  the  sixth  volume  of  the  same  work  (l.SoO)  the  genera 
Glochina,  Ithamphidia,  Sijmplevta,  and  JJolichopcza  were  added. 
The  latter  genus,  however,  had  been  originally  proposed  by 
Curtis  (British  J'Jniomohxji/,  II,  02)  in  1825. 

In  reviewing  the  first  steps  taken  in  the  classification  of  the 
Tipulidsp,  we  cannot  but  notice  the  contrast  between  the  talents 
of  Latreillo  and  Meigen.  The  correct  definition  of  all  the  largo 
subdivisions,  as  the  separation  of  the  Dijitvra  nemocera,  the 
recognition  of  the  Tijndidse  as  a  family,  and  the  subdivision  of 
this  family  in  lovgiixiljn  and  hrevipulpL  are  due  to  Latreillo. 
But  the  adoption  of  all  tiie  leading  genera  is  the  work  of  Meigen. 

ContoniporaneoHsly  with  ^leigen's  work,  Wiedeniaiin's  Diplera 
J'Jxulica  (1821)  and  AusacreMrojjaeische  ZwciJliUjcUge  Jnsecten 


l.NTIlt'DI  (TION. 


11 


( ls-_'S-;i(i)   ii|)|M'iinil.      'I'licy   <l.i»l   iiul    iiilrtxliiro   any  fli;iiij.'('  in 


llic   •• 


siliciiiiih,   ImiI    imI(I«-i|   two  new  gfiu'm  to  tln!  ^ysic 


111. 


J'uh/iiiir<i  i\i\i\  Mii/i.'/iirifd, 

.Miii(|iiiirt,    ill    ImiiIi   of   liis   witrks   ( Piplirfx  (hi   Xnrd  </(.■   la 
Vt'diiir,    IS^.'i,    aiitl    lli.^l.    Xnl.    >lts   Ins.    l>ntl(iTX,  \ u\.   I,  Is;{.t), 


n-tiiiiis  Liilrcillc's  (l('>i<;iiiiliniis  :  Jh/itfra  niinonrti  ami  'I'ljui- 
liiriit  tfrn'ro/n.  '|'o  the  latter  raiiiily,  in  the  Inst  of  tlic  two 
works,  he  adds  tlic  frciiiis  hi.rd,  |ilnr(d  Ity  .Mci^cn  niiioiijr  tlu> 
7V/>.  /'inniiiii/,;.  ill'  al~(»  rnljiius  Katrt'illc  in  siilMlividin^'  llio 
'J'iji.  Icrririi/.r  in  tlic  /niiijiiKi/j)/  (u'ciicra  :  I*h/(ln>Jif<i'(i,  C/iiiO' 
jiliorii,  'J'ljiiiln,  J'licln/rr/iiiKi,  Xijilirnlaiiio,  I'cilirid)  and  hnri- 
jiiiljii  {O.odiiri'd,  H/iipiilid,  /i/idinjiliidid,  Idiii/i/rrd,  /^ininiijiliild, 
Liiiniithid,  ( 't//iii<lruli)iiid,  Si/iii/ilfcld,  Hi'i<>iilcrd,  I'lih/iiirt^d,  Mc- 


(lislui-ci'd,  'J'nr/iiKird,  /fiilirli< 


iitli'Zd, 


l>i. 


Id, 


insoiiii'Vd, 


Chi 


d). 


.\  nil  >iijr  those  ^lonera  Oxndinrd,  liUnplrra,  I'dr/n/rrhimi,  l.iiiini)- 
ji/iild,  and  ('i/liiiilri)toma  wvn:  ui'W.  C/iioiud  had  Iteeii  deseriliod, 
in  isICt,  liy  Daliiiaii,  and  (•(trreetly  referred  to  the  'I'l/mliiln.  1'lio 
priiieipal  iimovalioii  of  Maetjiiiirt  was  the  intrudiietiuii  of  tliu 
jrunera  rdcln/rrhinn  and  l,iiniinj,liHd,  wliieli  broke  np  Meigeu's 
lar^e  genera  TipiiUi  and  I.imnnhia. 

The  most  inijiortant  imlilieations  on  tlic  Piptera  in  general, 
sinee  Maeqiiart's  last  (|noteil  works,  are  Zetterstedl's,  AValker's, 
and  iiomlani's.  Zett«rste(lt  (Fdniiii  /jdjipmiifn,  1S4(),  and 
Jhjjirra  Scd>iilindi-iu\  tenth  volume,  iSoI)  introdneed  several 
new  genera,  but  did  not  improve  the  distrilnition  of  the  fninily 
of  Tipdliihf.  The  subdivision  into  iDiK/ipdlpi  iun\  hrcriiidlpi  was 
entirely  abandoned  by  him,  and  tlio  genera  belonging  to  these  two 


groups  were  arranged  proniiseuou.> 


The 


jreiiiis 


Ch 


d.nca  torins 


a  separate  family  fur  itself,  between  which  and  the  Tipiiliiln  \\w 
JI;/ci/iijihi/iiht  are  inserted.  Zetterstedt's  new  genera  are  I'silo- 
vuiiiqxi,  Dicvdnntd,  'J'riii/])}io)id,  all  of  which  hud  been  originally 
adopted  ill  his  earlier  work  in  1S40. 

"Walker  (Insciid  liritdntiicd,  J)ij>lrrd,  A'ol.  Ilf,  IS")!;)  adopts, 
in  the  main,  Mcigen's  distril)iition  of  the  Tii>iilliJn\  Mactpiart's 
genera  fjiinnit/ihild  nud  J'diJii/n-hiiid.  are  introduced  as  subgenera 
only.  The  genera  (icnnxiiin/id  and  ('la,  originally  proposed  by 
INIr.  llaliday,  in  ls;{3  (Entoinol.  Mdijuz.  A'ol.  I),  are  introduced 
lier»!,  and  the  genus  Auuilnjiis  is  suggested  by  the  same  author  in 
a  liote  {Addenda,  p.  xv),  but  not  introduced  in  the  body  of  the 
work. 


h.sl 


'  <.  * 


m. 


'n'« 


Mik 


m 


4#: 


I 


!mlll>1 


I  !" 


I-  Dinr.UA  dl'  NdllTIl   AMIMSIC.V.  [pAltT  IV. 

Mr.  IloiHlaiii,   in   liis  I'l ndronni^  lHjilrrnlDiiin   lltdiav,   WA.  1 
(lS.")(i),  proposed  lliu  rollowiiif^  distrihuliou  : — ' 


l"';m\.  XX  v.    Tiindida. 


I.  i^lirp^!    /. 


lllllllllllllKl, 


in. 


A.    I'ili'Vt'ii  or  twflvo  longitudinal  veins  n'acli  llio  niarg 

1.   Krii'i>ti  r<i    (typi^  :     /•.'.    clisfiini   M.  ;    tlicjclblo  syi).    MnJophilhs),  —  2. 

C/ii  iiiiilidii,   u.  g.    (typf:     i'.iittjilirit   toninimlu   M.). — 3.    i  lisnniiiin, 

!'•  K-   C.^'l"':   '•   iiiil'i/ii iiiiis,  n.  si>.). — 4.   /lisiij)lii/<(,  n.  g.   (Iv|)t): 

J'^riiijiti  III  liiKd   M.).- — T).    O/v/di.s/a,  n.  g.   (typo:    J-'riD/ilini  ihkIiiIihhi 

diii'li,  in  my  <listriliutioM,  woulil  bo  a  llliiii<liiili'i'liii!<). — 


W; 


U'q.,  W 


(1.  Sjii/liijiii ni,  n.  g.  (typo:  >'.  im rliliiiiiulis,  n.  sp.  ;  also  a  liliiniltn- 
l('liliiis,  aci'oiding  to  Dr.  SlMiioi). — 7.  Liniiinii,  n.  g.  (tyito:  /.';•/- 
iipli  rd  il<ir(  si-(  IIS  Lin.) — S.  Si/iniili  i-ln. — 0.  lUiiiiii/i/iidlii. — 10.  Cidin- 
ihtiliiiiiit.  —  II.  '/'(i/iliriisii,  II.  g.  (syn.  (loiiinmi/iii^. — 12.  Ornsiin/ii^ 
n.  g.  (tyiH':  d.  ii/iiiiiiii,  ii.  sp.). — 13.  ///x/k,  n.  g.  (typo:  Ju-injiii  m 
111(11  iihilit  iM.). — 14.  J-'liiii/diilii,  II.  g.  (typo:  Jyi/ulin  niiiniiuiitlii 
llgLT.).  —  IT).  /.liiiiKi/dii/ii.  —  \i>.  /liijiliiiisiii,  u.  ^.  (syn.  Tru'iiidiiiud). 
— 17.   ■/'/■(./(('(•(/■((.—  IS.  /diniiimi.—V.K  lilt. 


I" 
AA.  Only  li  n  longitudinal  vtMiirf  roach  tlio  ]>o.stori()r  margii 


•20.   I>ui;,-I„ 


■/"'' 


-•2\.  A 


iiirniiii  rn 


—  '11.  A 


I  lllilliifi  Tit. 


::!.  [>i 


■  l\. 


/'iliisiii.  11.  g.   (typo:    /'.  ii/liii'riiii>:,  ii.  s}>.). — 'J.').    ( llurhiiiii  (typo; 


( I .    SI  rill  II 
iiiiislii    M.). 


M.  ).  —  !:•;.     Tiiiihrnphdu 


n.    g.    (tyi>o :     i tiirniiininjla 


'//:i»,  n.   g.    (typo:    f.iiiiiiiililn   Irijniiiclulit 


M.). — Us.  Liiiiiniliia  (typo:  L.  {■luirm  M.). — 21).  Jiliijn'diu. 

II.   ytirjis   rijiidiuit. 

1.  (.'i  rnrliiiii  {■>yv  I>irlinidiii  nriilli'). — 2.  Xlpliiint. — 3.  Cli'iioplinnu — 
4.  Ctiiiiirii  ,1,  n.  g.  (typo:  I'li/rliniili  ru  yivliunta  Macii.).  —  H. 
I'tililiiipli  rii. — (i.  /'tiliriii.- — 7.  .\i  ji/irnliiiiiii.  '».  .lliipliriiidii,  n.  g. 
(ty]>i!:  .1.  riinnii,  n.  sp.).  —  9.  I'urliijriltiiiu. — 10.  Jijndu. — 11. 
I'll  n  liii/iisiis. 


Fam.  XXVI.  Cliionoid.o. 

l-'ain.  XXVIl.  Oiplmopliilidin. 

I'ani.  XXVli!.  lioitoid.o. 

Fain.  XXIX.  Astlionid.o. 

Fam.  XXX.  liliypliicla'. 


]|    is   timicccssniy  to   ciilcr   into  a  dcliiilcd   cridri.  ;ii  of  (liis 

'  I  liavo  soon  Mr.  IJoiidatii's  first  voliinio  only,  (Mnitaining  tlio  gonoral 
synopsis  of  al!  tli»>  familios  of  ni|>tora,  and  it  is  I'roni  this  voliinio  that  tho 
oxtract  wliich  1  give  is  voprodiicod  ;  1  do  not  know  whothor  Iho  vuhuuo 
oontaining  tho  '/'ipnlidii  has  appoarod  at  this  dato  or  not. 


INTIIODICTION. 


13 


(lis(riliiitit)ii,    its   its  coinpiirisdn    with   \\u)  one   adoptnl    in   tliis 
vuliiiiic  can  he  ('UmI}'  clVcrtt'd. 

As  ciirly  as  1^54  {SIc/lincr  /•Jii/omal.  Z.  p.  20:5).  1  Inid  snfrK<'^'«'d 
tlnit  llio  proper  way  to  sulxUvid*;  the  genus  Ijimimbia  Meifren, 


W( 


nil 


nild  lie,  to  l)aso  this  snlidivision  on  the  nninlter  of  th 


<nh 


irjriiial  t'eils,   instead  ol"  the  posterior  eells  (as   Mae(p;;irt  ii 


as 


di>no  it).  At  tlii'  same  time,  I  ol)servt'(l  tliat  a  division  estal»- 
lisiied  ni)on  tliis  eiiaraeler,  wonid  li(\  very  well  supported  l»y 
••haraelers  taken  I'roni  tlie  structure  of  tiio  forceps  of  tiie  niah'. 

In  IS')!)  (/'roc.  .Icf/f/.  Sat.  Hcirnrcx  I'/iilad.  y  lit")  I  carried 
out  tiiese  suir^eslions,  by  applyiiifi^  tlieni  to  tlie  North  American 
fauna.  The  distrilmtion  of  tlic  Tipuliiln-  hrrvi palpi  int(»  si.x 
fjroups,  proposed  l)y  me,  was  l»ased  upon  a  cojnl»imition  of  clia- 
raeters,  taken  from  the  nnniher  of  snhinaririmil  cells,  tlic  nuniher 
of  antenna!  joints,  the  preseiu'c  or  absence  of  spurs  at  the  lip 
of  tlie  til)ia\  and  the  jxtsition  of  the  subcostal  cross-voin.  Tliis 
distriltution  reipiired  the  adoption  of  a  considerable  number  of 
new  «renera. 

In  1S(;4,  Dr.  Sehiner,  in  his  work  Fauna  Aitslrinca,  Dipfcra, 
adapted  my  distribution  to  the  lOnropean  fauna. 

As  the  present  volume  contains  the  development  of  ihe  same 
distribution,  the  necessary  details  aliout  it  will  be  j;iven  at  the 
proper  places  below  (compare  also  the  ij  ;"»  of  ihis  Introduction). 

In  the  same  year,  Mr.  Lioy  arranged  the  'J'ipalidtr  (his  family 
Ri)!<trallili)  into  four  sul»faniilies  :  J'aludiColiiii  (our  IMyehojt- 
terina),  /jitpiifoliiii  (genus  (Menophora),  '/'frricdhiii  ((uir  'I'ipu- 
limi),  /iinuiocnliiii.  (embracing  all  our  'I'ipidid.r  brcvipalpi). 
He  proposed  soviM'al  genera,  which  I  will  mention  in  the  list 
given  below. 

I  conclude  this  review  of  the  progress  of  the  classilieation 
of  the  TiptiUdii'  with  a  list,  in  chronological  order,  of  all  tin- 
generic  and  subgenerie  nami's,  which  have  been  proposed  in  this 
family,  whether  finally  adopted  or  not.  Further  historical  details 
al);)Ut  the  Tipulidu  will  be  given  under  the  heads  of  the  dilVercnt 
genera. 


Tipula  [.inm'",  .\nini.Tlia  jut  Succi.ini  obscrv.  IT^M. 
Trichocera  M<'ii;t>ii,  Illii;er's  M.'i>r;iz.  ls(>!{  (l.iimiiiiphiliici'i. 
Erioptera  Mcii;.  1.  c.  (I'liii'iitcrina). 
Limonia  Mi-ii,'.  I.  c.  (cliaiiLicil  .•it'tciward;*  in  l.imnoUid). 
Nephrotoma  .Moig.  1.  c.  (Tiiiuliii.i). 
3 


m 


^1!  I 


u 


DIPTERA  OF  XOKTII  AMKKICA. 


iiijii 


:irl' 


■i  I 


W 


it 


[I'AUT  IV. 


Ptychoptera  Meig.  1.  c.  (Ptycliopteriiia). 

Ctenophora  Meig.  1.  c.  (Ctt'iioj)tioriiia). 

Tanyptera  Liitreille,  Hist.  Natur.  des  Crust,  et  des  Iiiriectes,  Vol.  XIV, 

l!5U4  (syii.  t'teiiitpliiirn). 
Tychoptera  l.atr.  1.  c.  (xyn.  TipitJa  and  rti/rhoptcra), 
Pedicia  Latr.  Ueiiera,  etc.  Vol.  IV,  180!t  (A.xialopina). 
Hexatoma  Latr.  1.  c.  (syn.  Anisomcni). 

Chionea  Ualuian,  Kon.  Veteiisk.  Akad.  llandl.  1S1()  (Eriopterina), 
Limnobia  Meig.  System.  Heschr.  Vol.  I,  1618. 
Nematocera  Meig.  1.  c.  (syii.  Anisomtra). 
Anisomera  Meig.  1.  c.  (Anisonieriua). 
Rbipidia  Meig.  1.  c.  (Liiiiiioliiiia). 

Gonomyia  Megerle  in  Meigen,  1.  c.  ISIS  (now  (Jimiomi/ta,  Eriopterina). 
Polymera  Wietlemann,  Dipt.  Kxot.  ]s21  (Anialopina  ?). 
Megistocera  Wied.  1.  c.  (originally  MeListoceia). 

Helobia  (syn.  Sijmi>lf.cl.(i).  \  St.  Fargeau,Encyol.  Method. 

Megarhina  (changed  al'terwards  in  Ile.lius).  V      Insecte.s,  1S25,  Vol.  X,  p. 
Helius  (syn.  Illiam/iliiitiii).  '      .'iS.'J  et  Index. 

Dolichopeza  Curtis,  IJrit.  Kntomol.  C>2,  1S2.')  (Tipulina). 
Glochina  Meig.  System.  Reschr.  etc.  ls;^(»,  Vol.  VI  (Limnobina). 
Rhamphidia  Meig.  1.  c.  (I.imnoliina  anoniala). 
Symplecta  Mtig.  1.  c.  (Eriopterina). 

Leptorhina  Steph.  Catal.  Hrit.  Ina.  1829  (syn.  Rhamphidia  Meig.). 
Dicranomyia  Steph.  1.  c.  (Limnobina). 

Xiphura  BruUe,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  de  Fr.  I,  p.  205, 1832  (Ctenophorina). 
Dictenidia  IhuUe,  1.  c.  II,  p.  402,  1.S.S3  (Ctenophorina). 
Molophilus  Curtis,  British  Entomology,  444,  1633  (Eriopterina). 
Geranomyia  Ilaliday,  Entoniol.  Magaz.  Vol.  I,  1833  (Limnobina). 
Ula  lialid.  1.  c.  (Ainalopina). 

Limnophila  Macquart,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.  1S34,  Vol.  L 
Pachyrrhina  Macc].  1.  c.  (Tipnlina). 
Ozodicera  Macii.  1.  c.  (Tipulina). 
Idioptera  Macq.  1.  c.  (Limnopliilina). 
Cylindrotoma  Macq.  1.  c.  (Cylindrotomina). 
Aporosa  Macq.   Webb  et  Hertbelot,  Hist.  Nat.  des  Canaries,  1835  (syn. 

GeraiioiHijin  Hal.). 
Limnobiorhynchus  Westw.  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  de  Fr.  IV,  p.  683,  1835 

(Limnobina  and  Rhaniphidina). 
Caloptera  tluerin  in  Westw.   1.  c.   (changed  afterwards  in  Evanioplera, 

Anisomerina). 
Anoplistes  Westw.  Zool.  Journ.  V,  p.  440,  Tab.  XXII,  f.  10-13,  18.''.5 

(Limnopliilina). 
Gynoplistia  Westw.   (same  as  preceding ;    only  name  modified)  Lond. 

and  Edinb.  Philos.  Magaz.  VI,  p.  280,  1S35. 
Ptilogyna  Westw.  Zool.   Journ.  1.  c.  Tab.  XXII,  f.  14,  F) ;  Lond.  and 

Edinb.  Phil.  Mag.  1.  c.  (Ctenopliorina^\ 


INTRODITTION. 


15 


Ozocera  Wpstw.  Zonl.  Joiini.  I.  c.  (I'liaiiL't-il  afteiwanls  in  Ccrozodia). 

Cerozodia  AVestw.  Lund,  anil  Ivliub.  I'hil.  Mag.  1.  c.  (Lininopliilina). 

Hemicteina  Westw.  Zuol.  Jciin.  1.  c.  (Cteudpliorina,  .-iyn.  (Jzodhird 
Mi;c(i.). 

Bittacomorpha  W»;slw.  Lond.  and  Kdiul.  I'hil.  Magaz.  VI,  p.  281, 1835 
(I  t_yili<)pterina). 

Peronecera  Curtis,  lirit.  Tntotnol.  HSO,  18^6  (Anisoniprina). 

Evanioptera  (liu'iiu,  Voy.  de  la  CiMiuille,  Zooldgie,  T.-xte  I,  2,  p.  2''7, 
Tab.  XX,  f.  2.  The  tt-.xt  was  published  in  l.'^3*  ;  the  plate.s,  upon 
which  the  genus  was  called  C i  o/ileni,  in  Ib'M  (Anisouierina). 

LeptotarauB  (iueiin,  1.  c.  (Tipulina). 

Ctenogyna  Macii-  Diptoies  Kxotiijues,  Vol.  I,  p.  42, 1838  (Ctenophorina). 

Eriocera  Maeij.  1.  c.  (Anisoinerina). 

Pailoconopa  Z(  tteistedt,  Ins.  Laj)poniia,  1840  (Kiiopterina). 

Dicranota  Zett.  I.  c.  (Anialo^jina). 

Tricyphona  Zett.  1.  c.  (Amalopina,  syn.  Anidlniiis). 

Pterelachisus  Rond.  (iuiTJn,  Maga/.  de  Zool.  1S42,  No.  lOO  (Tipulina). 

Prionocera  hoew,  iStettiner  Kntoi".  Zeitung,  1'544,  p.  170  (Tipulina,  syn. 
SliiDi'in/)!."). 

Styringomyia  Loew,  Dipteiol.  Beitr.  I,  p.  t!,  1^4.')  (Liinnobina  anoniala). 

Apeilesis  Macq.  1.  <;.  ler  .'^npplemt.  lS4t)  (Tipulina). 

Cheilotrichia  Rossi,  Systeuiat.  Verz.  Oester.  Zweill.  p.  12,  1848  (Eriop- 
tiMJna). 

Pterocosmus  Walker,  List  of  the  Dipt.  Brit.  Mus.  I,  p.  78,  1S48  (Aniso- 
uierina). 

Trifhimejira,  Calohamnn,  Ildjilonciiro,  Tnnytiicra,  Tani/s- 
phj/ra,  Alarorta,  Allarithmia ;  Locw,  Ulx'r  d.  Ihniit'tein  und 
(lie  licriit^lcin  fauna,  l!SoO.  (These  goneni,  are  named,  but  nov 
(loseriltcd.) 

Toxorrhina  Loew,  Linnnna  Entomo'.osica,  V,  p.  400, 18.')!  (Rhamphidina). 

Macrochile  Locw,  1.  c.  p.  402  (Ptychopterina). 

Chemalida,  Ilisomyia,  Ilisophila,  Ormosia,  Spyloptera,  Limneea, 

Ilisia  (all  Kriopti-rina)  ;  Hondani,  I'rodr.  Dipterol.  Ital.  I  (l^!jG).' 
Taphrosa  (syn.  (iouiomiila),  Rondani,  1.  c. 

^     I  Rondani,  1.  c.  (location  unknown  to  me). 
Pelosia      ' 

Elcsophila  Rondani,  1.  p.  (syn.  F.itliditi  Sihin.  ;  Limnophillna). 

Taphrophila,  Limnomyza,  Rondani,  1.  c.  (Liinnobina). 

Bophrosia  Ronrluni,  1.  c.  (syn.  Trln/plmna). 

Ceroctena  Rondani,  1.  c.  (svti.  hirteniilm  Urulle ;  Ctcnophoru  M.). 

Ctenoceria  Rondani,  1.  c.  (Ptychopterina). 

'  All  the  new  genera  of  Mr.  Rondani's,  mentioned  by  name  in  the  first 
volume  of  his  /^rodromiis,  are  not  fully  characterized ;  in  most  cases  only 
the  type  of  the  genus  is  named. 


mm 

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i. 


IV 


16 


DIl'TKllA  OF  NdRTir  AMKIMCA, 


[PAIIT  IV. 


> 


1 


Alophroida  nondani,  1.  c.  (Tipulina  ?). 

Amalopis  Haliday,  Walker's  Ins.  Hiit.  Dipt,  HI,  p.  xv,  1 '5l)  (Ainalo[ana). 

Oligomera  Dolesuhall,  Natuik.  Tijdsclir.  v.  Nederl.  ludie,  Vol.  XI V,  p. 

11,  Tab.  VII,  f.  3,  1S57  (Anisoineriua). 
Dicranoptycha. 
Antocha. 
Elephantomyia. 
Teucholabis. 
Gnophornyia. 
Cryptolabis. 
Cladura. 
Lasiomastix. 
Epiphragma. 
Dactylolabis. 
Dicranophragma. 
Arrhenica. 
Protoplasa. 


Liiiinobina 
auuiuala. 


Kriopteiina. 


f"'.ibgtMU'ra  of 
Liiiiiiophila. 


O.  ^ncTrfTi,  Vrnn. 


'.\cn(\.  Nat.  Sc. 


Sidiincr,  Wifiicr  Kiitoin.  Monatsrhr. 
Vol.  VII,  1S(;:3,  and  Dipt.  Austriaca, 
Vol.  II,  1S(;4. 


Anisomerina. 
I'tyciiopteri'ia. 
Physecrania  Bigot,  Aim.  Soc.  Kiitom.  de  l-V.  IS.'iO,  p.  123,  Tab.  Ill,  f.  1 

(Anisoiiieriiia). 
Bertea  Rondani,  Atti  Soe.  Ital.  Sc  Natui.  Milaiio,  II,  p.  ;");),  with  fig.  iJ^^'J 

(location  uiu;ertaiiO. 
Rhypholophus  Kolenati,  Wiener  Kntoin.  Monatsclir.  IV,  with  fig.  ISG'i 

(Kriopteiina). 
Crunobia  Kolenati,  1.  c.  (Anialopina). 

Trimicra  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Aiad.  Nat.  go.  Phila.  ISiil,  p.  200  (Eriopterina). 
Penthoptera  (Anisonierina). 
Dasyptera  (Kriopterina). 
TrichoBticha  (Kriopterina). 
Ephelia  (Limuophilina). 
Pcecilostola  (Limnophilina). 
EUiptera  (Liuinohina  anoniala) 
Triogma  (Cylindrotomina). 
Phalacrocera  Cylindrotomina), 
Holorusia  Loew,  Berl.  Eiitoniol.  Zeitschr.  Vol.  VII,  ISiIS  (Tipulina). 
Stygeropis  Loiw,  I.  o.  (Tipulina). 

Platytoma  Lioy,  Atti  Inst.  Ven.  3d  series,  Vol.  IX,  X,  18(54  (Kriopterina) 
Macroptera  Lioy,  1.  c.  (Anialopina,  syn.  67a). 
Anomaloptera  Lioy,  1.  c.  (Tipulina). 
Dicera  Lioy,  1.  o.  (Ctenopliorina). 
Flettusa  (Liiniiobina,  syn.  (ieranomi/iu). 
Ctedonia  (Lininopliilina). 
Polymoria  (Limnophilina?). 
Idioneura  (Kriopterina,  syn.  Si/mjilecta) 
Lachnocera  (Kriopterina?). 
Tanyderus  I'liilippi,  I.  c.  p.  7S0,  Tab.  XXIX,  f.  57  (Pty.hopteiina). 
Cladolipes  Loew,  Zeitschr.  fiir  (Jesaiunite  Naturw.  1^05,  p.  395  (Auiso 

luerina). 


Philippi,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot. 
(lesellsch.  in  Wien,  1S(5."), 
p.  r)'.t5  H(i(i.  (with  figures). 


TNTROItVTT'lON. 


17 


Diacobola  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Entouiol.  Soc.  I'liila.  18(!5  (Liuinobina,  syM. 
Tiochobola). 

Paratropeza  (L.  anotn.aIa).  i    a  ,  •         i-    i     v    ,    ,,  .    r<      n    i     • 

f         \  /  Sdiiner,  \  erh.  ZjoI.  Hot.  Oesellsch.  in 

Cloniophora  (Liniiiojihiima).  ,  , 

Pedpheroptera  (limmobina).    J 

Thaumastoptera  Mik,  Veili.  Z.  H.  (i.,  etc..  li^Ht;  (Limnobina  anoinala). 

Macrothoraz  •K'vn.  Schr.  d.  Seiikunb.  (Shs.  (Tipiilina'. 

Hhicnoptila  Now.  Verli.  Zool.  But.  (iea.  in  Wien,  1807,  p.  337  (Liuiiio- 

pliiliiia). 

Trochobola  (Limnoliina). 

Crimarga  (Liiuiiobiiia  aiioniala). 

Atarba  (id.). 

Sigmatomera  (Kriopteriua). 

Etnpeda  (i<l.). 

Mesocyphona.  ^ 

Acyphona.  Subgenera  of  Eriopterina 

Hoplolabis.        -' 

Ulomorpha  (Lininopbilina). 

Plectromyla.       j  Amalopina. 
Rhaphidolabis.  ' 


fienera  and  snbpRnera 
aclopted  in  the  present 
volume. 


'4m 


4.  Diviaion  of  llu;  Tipuud.e  into  LONr.ii'ALPi  and  TmEVTPALPT. 

Some  TlpulidfT  liave  the  hit^i  joint  of  the  ]n\\]n  much  longer 
than  tlie  thiM^e  preceding  taken  togotiier,  whiplasli-shaped,  ainiost 
reaching  the  fore  eoxie  in  the  living  insect.  Others  have  tiiis 
last  joint  hardl}'  longer,  or  even  shorter,  than  the  two  pre- 
ceding tak(ui  together,  cylindrical  or  suheyliiidrieal  and  not, 
whii)lash-shaped.  If  we  e.vehide  the  small  and  anomalous  groups 
of  the  Phjchopterina  and  the  ('ulindrotomina,  this  division  of 
the  Tlpnlidx  in  lonfjipalpi  and  hrerijxilpi  will,  u])on  examina- 
tion, prove  natural  enough,  and  su|)ported  hy  a  considcral)Ie 
number  of  subsidiary  characters.  Among  the  hrcripaJpi  the 
genus  Pcdicia  is  the  only  one  which  has  the  last  joint  of  the 
palpi  rather  long  (nearly  onei!  and  a  half  the  lengtii  of  the  three 
preceding  joints  taken  together),  and  this  induced  Latreille, 
when  he  established  this  genus,  to  place  it  among  the  l<))i;/ij)fil/)i. 
In  all  other  respects,  the  position  of  Pcdicia  among  the  hrcci- 
palpi  is  not  in  the  least  doubtfid. 

Besides  the  structure  of  the  palpi,  the  following  nrc  the  charac- 


ters which  mav  be  u<i(l  as  tests  for  det 


ermining  the  relationship 


of  doubtful  forms  with   either  of  the   two   divisions.     Some  of 
these  characters,  perhaps  all,  may  not  be  of  universa!  occurrence 
2     May.  1868. 


■':$-. 


'  -.-it; 


w: 


m: 


!!  ill 


.1 


111 
I'l 


IP! 

i;' 


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18 


Dii'TKUA  f)F  xoKiir  a:mkiiica. 


fPAIlT  IV. 


ill  tlie  groups  ii)  wliich  tlicv  prevail ;  but  their  iinportuiiee  arises 
from  tlicir  cliiiriictiTi/.iii^'  the  ^reut  majority  of  the  species: — 

1.  Ill  the  7'.  loiKjiixil/ii,  tlie  auxiliary  vein  ends  in  the  first 
loiijifitudinal  vein,  Iteiii^  incurved  towards  it;  beyond  tlic  hnineral 
cross-vein  there  is  no  other  eross-vein  eonneetini;  the  aiixiliarv 
vein  with  the  eosta  or  with  tlie  first  lonoitudinal  vein.  In  the 
T.  brcripalpi  the  auxiliary  vein,  as  a  rule,  ends  in  th(i  eosta,  and 
is  eonneeted  by  a  eross-vein  with  the  first  lonuitudinul  vein. 

'2.  The  structure  of  the  cells  in  tlu^  vicinity  of  the  stif^ina  is 
totally  different  in  the  two  divisions.  The  first  lonjfitudinal  vein 
in  the  T.  loiKjipalpi  is  usually  incurved  towards  the  second  vein 
and  attenuated  in  a  jx-culiar  nianiier  before  ending'  in  it ;  an 
ol)li(iue  cross-vein  connects  the  first  vein,  a  short  distance  back 
of  the  tip,  with  the  eosta;  this  cross-vein,  together  with  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein,  form  near  the  anterior 
margin  a  small,  trapezoidal  cell,  very  characteristic  of  the  T. 
loiKjipnlpi  (it  is  wanting,  however,  in  l>oUr1wpeza  and  some 
related  species).  In  the  '1\  brcrijialfji  the  first  longitadinal 
vein  ends  in  the  eosta,  and  the  cross-vein,  at  its  tip  or  some 
distanco  before  it,  connects  it  with  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ; 
no  structure  like  the  trapezoidal  cell  is  apparent. 

3.  The  structure  of  the  discal  cell  and  the  direction  of  the 
veins  surrounding  it  is  different  in  the  two  divisions.  In  the  1\ 
l(>n(/ipalpi,  the  vein  separating  the  two  last  posterior  cells  (the 
))osterior  intercalary  vein  of  Mr.  Loew  ;  compare  Jlonofjr.  of 
N.  A.  lUplera,  I,  p.  xxiv,  fig.  ;{,  r)  issues  very  near  the  inner 
end  of  the  discal  cell,  u.-ua!ly  from  the  angle,  between  this  cell 
and  the  great  eross-vein  ;  this,  in  most  cases,  gives  the  cell  a 
pentagonal  shape,  unless,  as  for  instance  in  the  genus  Pavhijr- 
rhina,  the  vein  has  no  contact  at  all  with  the  cell,  and  has  the 
appearance  of  the  direct  prolongiition  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein  ;  in  such  cases  the  discal  cell  is  a  parallelogram.  In  the 
T.  hrcripalpi  the  jiosterior  intercalary  vein  issues  from  the 
latter  end  of  the  discal  celt,  and  its  origin  is  quite  distant 
from  the  great  cross-vein,  which  is  usually  near  the  iiiiier  end  of 
the  discal  cell.  The  Jinalnpina  show  some  approach  to  the  T. 
Innr/ifmlpi  in  the  ])osition  of  the  intercalary  vein  and  in  the  shape 
of  the  discal  cell;  still  the  origin  of  tiie  intercalary  vein  in  the 
Jmolopina  is  usually  rather  distant  from  the-  great  cross-vein. 
yl?7i«/o|j/«  vcrnaliti  O.    S.,  is  the  only  species  which,   in    this 


INTRODUCTION. 


19 


rt\spopt,  is  like  the  T.  loixjipalpi ;  tiie  intercalary  vein  of  this 
^|)fcii'.s  issues  i'vinn  the  angle  between  the  eruss-vein  and  the 
disciil  cell,  at  the  inner  end  of  tiie  hitter. 

4.  In  tiie  T.  lomjipulpL  a  distinet  fold  generally  runs  across 
the  wing  from  the  inner  end  of  the  stigma,  ovur  the  diseal  cell, 
to  the  penultinjate  posterior  cell ;  it  is  usually  marked  hy  a  paler 
coloring  of  the  membrane  of  the  wing  and  by  a  discoloration  of 
the  wing-veins  ;  it  is  more  or  less  distinct  in  the  dillcrcnt  genera. 
In  the  T.  brcvipalpi  this  fold  is  not  apparent,  and  a  slight  trace 
of  it  may  sometimes  be  observed  in  the  partial  discoloration  of 
the  veins  at  the  inner  ends  of  the  di.scal  and  of  the  penultimate 
posterior  cells. 

5.  The  T.  longipalpi  usually  keep  the  wings  divaricate  in 
repose,  while  the  7'.  breripalpi  fold  them  over  the  alxhjmen. 
I'aUria,  which  reminds  us  of  the  longipalpi  by  the  length  of  the 
last  joint  of  the  palpi,  also  keeps  the  wings  divaricate  in  repose. 

6.  The  rostrum  of  the  2\  longipalpi  is  usually  more  prolonged 
and  its  upper  part  projects  in  the  shape  of  a  point  (jio.vH.s), 
clothed  with  hair;  a  very  marked  character,  seldom  wanting 
among  the  2'.  longipalpi,  and  not  observed  among  the  T.  brevi- 
nalpi. 

7.  The  antenna}  of  the  normal  types  of  T.  longipalpi  are  13- 
jointed  ;  those  ot  the  T.  brevipalpi  art;  from  14  to  KJ-jointed  ; 
exceptions  are  comparatively  rare.  The  structure  of  the  joints 
of  the  flagellum,  common  among  the  T.  longipalpi,  is  ditlerent 
from  that  of  the  majority  of  the  T.  brevipalpi. 

8.  The  male  genitals  of  the  2\  longipalpi  are  of  a  more  com- 
plicated structure  and  more  voluminous  than  the  simitle  forceps 
of  "he  2\  brevipalpi ;  still,  in  this  respect,  intermediate  forms 
occur. 

0.  The  size  of  the  T.  longipalpi  is  generally  considerably 
larger;  tlii'ir  feet  and  especially  the  tarsi,  are  longer. 

The  Ptgrhopterina,  as  I  have  said  above,  are  an  anomalous 
group,  which  does  not  well  fit  in  either  of  the  two  i)rincipal 
divisions  of  the  Tipididfe.  Their  j)alpi  are  long;  but  this  length 
depends  on  the  elongation  of  all  the  joints  and  not  of  the  last 
joint  in  particular ;  this  ai>i.lies  especially  to  the  genera  Proto- 
plam  O.  8.  and  Tani/ihrnn  Philippi.  The  au.xiliary  vein  in 
Bitlacomorpha  and  Pt]ichoptera  ends  in  the  costa,  and  there  is 
110  cross-vein  connecting  it  with  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  in 


i'l 


*Ai 


■  -PI  I 


ii 

I  nil!  I' 


Hi 


III 
iiiii  II 


iPii' 


iw 


ii 


20 


DIPTERA  OP  NOUTII  AMEKICA, 


[I'AIIT  IV. 


Pj'ofnplasn  niul  Tanijderiis,  this  cross-voiii  exists,  and  its  position 
is  altogntlu'i'  as  in  tlic  T.  brecipalfn'.  Tho  rost  of  tlic  venation 
of  the  riifchiiptcriim  is  peenliar  and  distinguished  by  the  aijseuee 
of  llio  sixth  longitudinal  vein  ;  still  this  venation  is  more  like 
that  of  some  T.  brevipalpi,  than  of  any  T.  I<>>u/i])alpi ;  there  is 
hardly  any  vestige  of  a  fold  across  the  wing.  The  general  apjx'ar- 
aneo  and  the  ecdoring  of  tho  l)ody  and  of  the  wings  are  niueii 
more  like  the  T.  brcripalpi ;  the  structure  of  the  antenme  and  tlu^ 
number  of  their  joints  also  remind  us  of  them.  The  elongated 
epistonia,  however,  in  liUtaromorpha  and  J'tychoptera,  shows 
something  of  the  7iutiiis  peculiar  to  the  T.  longipalpi ;  it  is  not 
a])parcnt  in  Protophifta.  The  P/i/rhopfrrinn  keep  tlie  wings 
divaricate  in  repose  (I  do  not  know  whether  this  applies  equally 
to  Proloplana). 

In  the  Ciilindrotomiita,  tho  course  of  the  auxiliary  and  first 
longitudinal  veins  strongly  remind  us  of  the  T.  longipaJpi ;  the  T. 
orevipaJpi  with  a  single  subniarginal  cell,  as  far  as  known,  never 
l,ave  spurs  at  the  tij)  of  the  tibiie,  whereas  the  Cylindrolomina 
l)artake  of  both  of  these  characters  at  the  same  time ;  the  T. 
brevipalpi  with  a  single  subniarginal  cell  always  have  oidy  four 
posterior  cells,  Cylitulndonia  liixtiiKlixxivm  and  C  americana 
have  a  single  subnnirginal  cell  and  five  posterior  cells.  At  the 
same  time,  the  number  of  the  antennal  joints  of  the  (Jylindrotomina 
(Ifi),  the  position  of  the  jtosterior  intercalary  vein  and  the  struc- 
ture of  the  palpi,  are  characters  belonging  to  the  T.  brevipalpi. 
The  (Ji/lindrolomina,  except  in  the  ai)ove  quoted  instance,  have 
four  posterior  cells,  a  character  of  comnion  occurrence  among  the 
T.  brevipalpi,  and,  as  far  as  J  know,  not  observed  yet  among 
tho  T.  longipalpi.  (Compare,  for  more  detail,  the  chapter  on  the 
Cijlindrotoniiua.) 

Thus,  if  we  adopt  the  division  into  T.  longipalpi  and  T.  brevi- 
puljri,  it  will  be  necessary  to  form  a  third  group  which  will  be 
artificial  and  contain   the   intermediate    and   anomalous  forms.* 


'  It  was  with  tliis  intention  that  I  introduced  in  the  first  volume  of  the 
present  series  ( JA<HO(/;ay>/(,s,  etc.,  Vol.  I,  p.  11)  the  group  Plyclio)>lerina,  co- 
ordinate with  the  T.  loniii/Ktl/ii  and  breripa/pi  (following  Mr.  Loew's  prece- 
dence, I  then  called  them  TipuJiim  and  Linniohinn).  With  ihviCiihndrulomina 
I  was  haidly  acquainted  at  that  time,  as  I  had  found  on  this  continent  only 
a  single  doubtful  specimen.  It  may  not  be  amiss  to  notice  here,  tliat  the 
two  last  lines  of  the  above  quoted  page  contain  a  lapsus  calami,  which 


;ii:|l' 


INTRODICTION, 


21 


Hut  as  tlio  Tipiilidir  iirc  diviilod  now  into  a  larp-r  iiiinilxT  of 
natural  {groups  or  sections,  tlin  sulxlivision  into  T.  luDiji/Kil/ii  ami 
hri'rii)(il/H  has  lost  somewhat  of  its  importance.  These  luuncs 
lire,  nevertheless,  very  convenient  terms  for  designating  the  two 
large  groups  of  which  the  family  is  com])osc(l ;  ami  they  are  tho 
more  convenient  in  the  jtrescnt  pnl)lication,  as  the  two  parts  of 
which  it  is  intended  to  consist  will  nearly  coincide  with  these 
groups. 


5.  l)if<lrihuii<m  of  the  Tii'Ilitve  brkvipalpi  in  secfinns. 
The  bulk  of  tlu;  'T.  hrevijtalpi  is  rejjresented  in  the  genus 
Limnobia  Meigeii,  which  contains  the  most  heterogeneous  ele- 
ments. Several  attempts  have  been  made  to  subdivide  it  into 
sections,  or  to  lireak  it  up  altogether;  but  strange  enough,  all 
these  attempts  wen  based  upon  vsecondary  characters,  whereas 
the  number  of  submnrginal  cells  was  either  entirely  overlooked, 
or  api)lied  to  the  distinction  of  subordinate  groups  only.  'J'hus, 
both  Zetterstcdt  {Dipt.  Stand  X,  1851)  and  Walker  (//(.s-.  Brit., 
Diptt'ta,  III,  1850)  use  for  their  j)rimary  subdivision  of  Limnubia, 
the  presence  or  absence  of  the  discul  cell  ;  and  next  U)  this,  the 
number  of  posterior  cells.  The  consc(pience  is,  that  one  of  Prof 
Zetterstedt's  ultimate  subdivisions  contains  the  following  species 
in  the  same  order  as  they  are  given  here  :  L.  didi/ina  M.  (a 
Divranonojia ;  section  Limnobina ;  one  submarginal  cell);  L. 
pilipes  F.  {Trimivra ;  section  Erioptcrina ;  two  submarginal 
cells);  L.  rcplicata  L.  (Plialacrocera ;  section  Ci/lindrutomina); 
L.  trisulcuta  Schuni.  {Ti'iixjma ;  section  ('i/Iindroloniina) ;  L, 
tristis  Sclium.  {Dicranomyia  ;  one  subnmrginal  cell);  L.  J'uscen- 
cens  Schum.  (Dicranojitijcha :  section  Limnobina  anomala;  one 
submarginal  cell)  ;  L.  niurina  Zett.  and  hijalinuta  Zett.  (probably 
Divranonujitv ;  one  suijinarginal  cell);  7..  pilicorniti  Zett.  (pro- 
bably Ulumorpha  ;  section  LiinnDjj/iilina  ;  two  sul)nuirginal 
cells);  L.  pilo^a  Schum.  {Via;  section  Anialopina ;  two  sub- 
marginil  cells) ;  L.  ciliarix  Schnm.  {Eriojitrra  ;  two  submarginal 
cells)  ;  L.  liujubris  Zett.  (perhaps  a  rxihiconopa  ?  section 
Eriopterina ;  two  submarginal  cell.s)  ;    L.  vwrlo  F.    (I)ic7-ano- 

requireR  correction  ;  in  tlie  penultimate  line,  read  Jirst  instead  of  second ; 
in  the  last  line  read  auxiliary,  instead  oi  Jiist  lonyitudinal. 


/■c  .^4 


7,-    •,.  ;  i'.'fl 


•:■'■',.  ^;/; 


^X;;§ 


n 


22 


DTPTKUA  OF  NdUTIl   AMKIIIOA. 


fpAUT  IV. 


I'm 


)iii/>ii  ;  one  siilimni'^fiiial  ci'll) ;  L.  (jnirilix  Ztitt.  (prohaltly  (loniu- 
III 1/ 1 II ;  stM'Uuii  /•Jriojitcn'iKi  ;  two  .siil)iiiurj^iiiiil  (H'IIs).  Anioii}^ 
I'diirtrcii  spcrics,  six  (liH\'rcnt  scotiuiis  ul'  tlio  Tijiuliihe  uiid  ut 
lt.'a>t  It'll  jrt'iiiTa  aro  represented ! 

Karlier  lliaii  Zetterstedt.  and  Walker,  Maecpiart  had  divided 
I,iiiiiiuhi(i.  .Meijr.    ill  t\vi»   genera  :    Linunihid,  wilii  four  p(»sterioi* 


ee 


III! 


I    /. 


^  I  III  nop 


</ii/> 


a,   \vi 


til  live.      If  Mr.  Zetterstedt  did  not 


seem  t(»  attach  any  iniportaiie(f  to  the  niinilier  of  suhniarginal 
cells,  except  as  a  specilic  distinction,  Macipiart  is  somewhat  in 
advance  of  this  author;  lie  uses  this  character,  but  without 
recMiriiiziiig  yet  its  full  iniportaiice.  Jlis  pMiiis  Limnohia  is  sub- 
divided into  two  groups,  the  first  of  which,  with  a  single  suluiiar- 
ginal  (;ell,  answers  to  our  genera  IhCrnnoinijid  and  Limiiobia; 
th(!  second,  with  two  sulinuirginal  cells,  contains  the  species:  //. 
xi/lralifii.  M.  (a  /^iiiiDojiliihi,  with  four  posterior  cells)  ;  A.  jihi- 
ii/p/i't'd  .Maccj.  (the  same);   L.  diitna  .Macii.  (an  Krioicra),  etc. 

Tli(!  presence  or  aliscfiice  of  a  discal  cell  is,  in  most  cases,  a 
character  of  a  very  secondary  value,  (tfteii  unreliable  even  for  the 
distinction  of  species  The  presence  of  a  lil'tli  jiosterior  ctdl  is 
not  always  indicative  of  a  corresponding  modilication  in  tliu 
other  organs.  Closely  allied  species,  in  the  genera  Erlmrra 
and  J't'.iil/io/ilcra  for  instance,  have  a  diiferent  number  'f  jxjstcrior 
cells.  The  number  of  sulniiarginal  cells  is  a  character  of  a  much 
higher  value,  and  can  be  applied  with  advantage  to  the  whole 
group  of  I'ljiuliihr  hrcvi'iKiljii,  and  not  to  the  genus  Limnohia 
Meigeii,  only.  ]>ut,  used  alone,  it  does  not  overcome  the  prin- 
cipal ditticult}',  which  consists  in  elimiiiiiting  from  the  gciuis 
Liiiiiiohid,  in  Meigen's  sense,  all  the  foreign  elements  ■\vliicii  it 
contains.  In  order  to  attain  this  end,  we  have  to  use  several 
other  characters.  In  the  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences  of  Vhila- 
(IcIjJiid,  lis.")!*,  I  have  projtosed  a  distribution,  based  upon  the 
numbi'r  of  subniarginal  cells,  the  presence  or  absence  of  spurs  at 
the  tip  of  the  tibiie,  the  i)resenee  or  absence  of  empodia,  the 
structure  of  the  ungues,  the  number  of  antenna!  joints,  and  the 
])osition  of  the  subcostal  cross-vein.  The  scheme  of  this  distribu- 
tion, which  is  retained  in  the  present  volume,  is  the  following  : — ' 

1  Instnait  of  tliH  iiamos  ending  in  Joniifs,  which  I  applied  to  the  sections 
in  IS,')!)  (^I.iiiiiiiiliinfiiniiat,  jLiiiijilcrd/'oniit's,  etc.),  I  adopt  liere  tlie  more 
convenient  termination  in  ina.  The  imuie  of  the  sixth  section,  /W/cite- 
funiiiu,  is  changed  iu  Aimdopina, 


INTUOni  (TION. 


23 


I.    A  hIii^Ui  s\i))iiiiiri;itiHl  Cflt. 


.AiittMiiin'  14-jojiil('(l. 
Sect.  I.  Limnobina. 


Aiitt'iiiiir  1  li  jdintiMl. 
Sect.  II.  Limnobiua  auomala. 


II.  Two  Hiihninriiiiial  cfUs. 


No  s|)iii's  at  tlm  tip  (if  tlif  tiliiii'. 
Sci  t.  III.  Eriopterina. 


'J'ibuu  witik  s|iiii'd. 


.Auxiliary  uioss-vciii  {tostfriiir 
to  till'  (irii<in  of  tlie  Hecoml  vein. 


Auxiliary  fross-vt-in  aiiti'rior 
to  tliuorigiiiof  tliitsi-cdiiil  vein. 


Antt^niiic  l(i-ioint*>(|.    Aiitfiina' li  or  lo-jointtnl.    Sect.  VI.  Amalopina. 
tinvl.  IV.  Limnophilina.  ^^uct.  V.  Anisomerina. 

I5('si(l».'s  the  li'iidinjr  clmractcrs,  nioiitioiKMl  in  tlio  tiiUlo,  nlinost 
all  till'  sc'ctidiiH  have  soiiit'  otiici'  cliiinK'ter.s  poculiur  to  tlifui,  us 
iiuiy  1)0  seen  ill  the  following  (Ifliiiitioiis  : — 

I.  Limnobina.  One  submnrginal  cell ;  four  posterior  cflls.  Normal  num- 
licr  of  antennal  joints' yind/rr ;/  (soinetiines  ajijiareiitly  l.l).  Kyes  ginlirous. 
Tiliia'  witlioiU  xpiirrt  at  tlie  tip;  \in,mies  with  more  or  le.ss  distinct  teetli 
on  tlu'  uniler  siilu  ;  enipoilia  indistinct  or  none. 

II.  Limnobina  anomala(artifuial  group).  One sulmiarginal cell  (none 
ill  Tii.rinihitKi),     Normal  numlier  of  antennal  joints  .v/'j'/ccd. 

III.  Eriopterina.  Twosubmarjinal  cells  ;  four  posterior  cells  (five  cclla 
in  ('IikIiuii  only);  discal  cell  sometimes  closed,  but  very  often  open. 
Normal  numlier  of  antcnnal  joints  sixlecn.  Kyes  glabrous.  Tibia?  without 
spurs  at  the  tip;  empodia  distinct;   ungues  smooth  on  the  under  side. 

IV.  Limnophilina.  Two  submarginal  cells  ;  usually  five,  seldom  four 
posterior  cells  ;  discal  cell  generally  present ;  subcostal  cross-vein  posterior 
to  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  usually  closely  approximated 
to  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  (considerably  distant  in  Trlrlitnint  only), 
lives  glabrous  (jmbescent  in  TtirUucira).  Normal  number  of  antennal 
joints  nixUin.  Tibiie  with  spurs  at  the  tip;  empodia  distinct;  ungued 
smooth. 

V.  Anisomerina.  Two  submarpinal  cells  (only  one  in  CUidnJIpfn) ; 
three,  four,  or  live  posterior  cells  ;   discal  cell  close<l  or  open  ;   subcostal 

'  I'lach  one  of  the  sections  has  a  number  of  antennal  joints,  which  is  the 
iioriiKil  number  of  this  section.  If  a  genus  or  species  belonging  to  it  have 
a  smaller  number,  it  can  usually  be  shown  that  this  numlier  is  due  to  the 
coalescence  of  some  joints.  This  is  for  instance  the  iiast!  with  pyi/ilmnloiniiiii 
and  Tit.rorrhiiKi  (compare  these  genera).  Occasionally  a  larger  number 
of  joints  is  met  with,  as  in  the  genus  Xc/ilirntiinni,  among  the  Ti/iiilidir. 
hiiiijii>iiJiti ;  or  among  some  foreign  genera  of  Limnophiliua;  but  these  aro 
exceptions. 


■[If.?  i 

m\ 

fi'^J 

M 

Ib'°  "' 

*M 

w    \ 

'J  I 

lli  '■ 

<I 

M^'- 

•    '    ;  *  . 

'  M 

t    •'  ^  ■ 

1  -'  i 

?! 

;      • 

*  \ 

.    ^ 

lyj 

J 

^'\ 

m 


S4 


Dll'TKIlA  (»F  NollTir  AMKHICA. 


[I'AIIT  IV, 


(!ii)sa  vt'in  near  tliH  lip  of  tlin  nuxiliaiy  vkIii,  poHtf'rior  to  tlio  origin  of 

tlie  HHOoiid   vein.     Kyos  gliilnonn.     Tim   iioiiiitil  iiiiiiiImt  of  tlio  iiiiti al 

JoiiilH  irt  .si.f  ill  lliu  iiialu  ami  iml  iiion*  tliaii  ifti  in  llm  fciiialo.     Tibia'  with 
HpUTH  at  tlif  tiji ;  Hiiipodia  (lir*tliict  ;  iinguns  (.jHiicrally  sniootli. 

VI.  Amalopina.  Two  Hiiliniaruinal  (clU  ;  ilisoil  cell  cIosim]  or  op<>n  ; 
siilH-(wtal  crosn-VHin  far  rtMiiovcd  from  iIih  tip  of  tlm  auxiliary  vein,  an- 
terior to  tlm  orltfin  of  tliH  Hecoml  loimitii<linal  vein.  Til)i.'i'  witli  HpnrB  at 
tilt*  tip;  empoilla  (ii)«tiiu:t.  Myert  piiliesceiil ;  front  UHiially  witli  a  iiiore  or 
less  distinct  gibbosity.  Normal  uuiubt^ruf  uiitcnuul  joiutH  xixii'tn  (Huldoiu 
17),  or  iliirleuH. 


M. 


TIio  .forond  of  lliosc  proiips  is  oiillcd  nrlificini,  liocntiso  it  is 
(Icslincd  to  rcrcivc  all  llic  jri'iifra  wilii  a  siiijrlc  siiliinnrj^inal 
(•(•!!  wliicli,  at  the  same  tinii',  liavc  sixtcoii-joihtcd  antciiinu.  All 
siR'li  jfcncra  an;  so  very  iicniiiai'  in  tlii'ir  cliaractcrs,  lliat  it  i« 
natural  ('non;;li  to  isolate  liiciii  from  tlic  lirst  section:  Inil  with 
all  that,  nio>t  of  thcso  jrcncra  do  not  show  any  relationship  to 
each  otiier  ami  their  juxtaposition  is  therefore  artificial.  The 
coiiiieetin}^  links  hetween  them  may  not  have  lieen  yet  discovered, 
or  they  may  have  been  lost  in  the  course  of  jjeolopfical  ajros ; 
iieverthelesH,  the  adoption  of  this  artificial  jrroup  will  he  found  of 
great  advantage  in  the  system.  If  it  should  he  proved  that  one 
of  these  genera  is  related  to  some  genus  of  another  section,  it 
will  have  to  ho  removed  to  that  section.  Thus,  in  the  genu.s 
('ladolipcs  LocM',  closely  related  to  A)im>mcra,  one  of  the 
branches  of  tlu!  second  vein  has  disappeared,  and  hence  the  genus 
has  only  a  single  suhniarginal  cidl.  Nevertheless,  as  tlu!  natural 
reli)  '  >nship  of  this  genus  is  evident,  we  place  it  among  the 
genera  with  two  suhniarginal  cells.  The  aim  of  all  classilication 
is  to  incrciise  o'lr  knowledge  of  the  structure  of  organic  beings 
by  illustrating  their  natural  relationship.  If  the  natural  relation- 
ship of  some  organic  form  be  obscure,  we  may,  for  th(>  sake  of 
convenience,  ](»eate  it  provisionally  on  aeeount  of  some  artilicial 
character ;  but  this  provisional  state  has  to  eease,  as  soon  as  the 
true  relationship  is  found  out.  In  this  sense,  the  location  of 
several  of  the  genera  of  the  second  grouji  may  he  only  provisional 
and  connecting  links  between  them  and  the  other  sections  may 
vet  be  discovered. 

• 

The  other  bcctioiis,  as  far  us  known,  have  very  well  jnurked 


IXrilontTTToV. 


95 


I*  !iit  V  Mini  tlicre  nro  l»ut  very  IVw  ruriiirt  of  iruiisitinii  from  tlio  oiiu 

t.i   till'   nllli'l'. 

TIh'  Kriii/ifrrinn,  tliroiiirli  the  (Mitiro  (lisii|)|»(Miriiii('f  of  tlio  short 
tcrinf  iM'iiricli  of  till-  si'coiiil  Vein    in  ({ninoiiiiiio,  iiiiiy  hlio 


nil 


W    II 


Icaiiiiii;  tuwariM  tlio  jinmp  ol  i.iimiohinti  (iiiinimui ;  on  llif  ollici* 
.silk',  sMiiio  jrciit'i'ii  of  h'riiiji/triiia  iiiiiy  conic  very  iH'iir  tliosK 
IAiiiiii<iiliiliiHi  wlilfli,  witli  only  four  poHturior  cells,  coinliiiic  cx- 
('fi'i|iiiL''ly  siiimII,  almost  olisolcic,  spiirM  iit  tlic  ti|»  of  liic  tiliiic. 
TIknc  coiiiicclioMrt  act!  iis  yet  very  oI»s(miiv,  ami  we  Inivc  to  wuii 
for  further  discoveries.  iViiotlier  f|iiesii<»n  which  iiiny  l)c  iiniu- 
rully  niised  hen;  is,  whether  Chuhird,  which  alone  ainoiijr  tlu' 
Ki'iiililvrinti  has  live  i»osteri>ir  cells,  is  not  rallicr  !••  I»e  considered 
as  a  i^cniis  of  LimnDphilimi,  the  tibial  spurs  (d'  which  have  lic- 
comi'  olis(dete.  A  more  detailed  study  of  the  orji-aiiization  of 
Cliiilnrti  will  hn»e  lo  sliow  on  which  side  its  relationship  is  the 
stroiiLi:e>t.  'I'lie  AnimtmcriiKi,  opeeially  the  jreiins  /Jrioiini,  iiro 
closely  related  to  the  I,iiu)Hi/,liiliii(t ;  l)iit  the  numlier  of  antenmil 
joints  estalilishcs  a  distinel  limit  between  tin;  two  sections. 
Iiiteriiicdiiito  forms  arc,  as  yet,  unknown,  iilth(Mi<ih  they  may  be 
ill  existence.  Trichocera,  the  only  jrcniis  amonj;  the  Lininu- 
jtliiliiKi,  which  has  i)nbcscciit  eyes  and  the  subcostal  cross-vein 
far  remote  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  shows,  in  this 
respect,  a  leaninj^  towards  the  AiiHilnpiiKi ;  in  other  respects, 
however,  its  relatioiislup  to  the  Ju'innojiliilina  is  manifestly 
^tl•oll<lJer. 

The  more  characters  peculiar  to  each  one  of  the  sections  wo 
neeiiniiilate,  the  stronji^er  we  render  the  basis  upon  which  the 
ejassiiication  is  estal)lislied  and  easier  the  solution  we  prepare  for 


Jill  liitiire  dot 


ibtful 


cases. 


In  this  resnei't,  a  "reat  deal  vet  re- 


mains to  be  (h)iie.  The  pnjf^ress  of  this  study  depends  very  much 
on  the  observation  of  fresh  speeiinens,  and  these  cannot  always  i)o 
had  when  wanted.  Thus  very  jfood  characters  may  be  derived 
from  the  comparison  of  the  size  and  structure  of  the  dill'ereiit 
parts  of  the  thorax  and  of  the  abdomen  ;  especially  of  the  seg- 
ments of  the  latter  j)recedinj5  the  forceps.  Hut  these  parts  are 
subject  to  shrinkage  in  drying,  and  in  this  state  it  is  easy  to  take 


an  erroneous  view  o 


f  them.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  1  have 
il)stiiined  from  entering  upon  their  detailed  description.  The 
-irueture  of  the  other  soft  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  palpi,  the 


'■I 


2G 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'ART  IV. 


"^    ii 


"pi;: 


forceps,  and  in  many  canes  the  antonnuc,  has  been  noted  down  by 
ine,  ahiiiist  invariahly  from  livintr  or  fresh  specimens. 

At  llie  end  of  tiie  'ripididw  breripnipi  I  phicc  the  two  sections 
which  I  consider  as  intermediate  between  th(un  and  tiie  T.  lonyi- 
palpi  (compare  above,  p.  19)  :  the  Cylindrolomina  and  IHi/choj)- 
terina : — 

Sect.  VII.  Cylindrotomina.  One  submarginal  cell ;  fir.st  longitudinal 
vein  incurved  at  the  tip  towards  the  second,  instead  of  ending  in  the 
costa  (exception  :  rhaUtrrnvcra  rcjillcnia  Lin.,  where  the  first  vein  takes 
the  usual  course)  ;  four  or  five  posterior  cells  ;  a  discal  cell ;  the  auxiliary 
vein  is  abruptly  interrupt-nl  before  the  stigma,  without  ending  either  in 
the  costa,  or  in  tlie  first  longitudinal  vein.  Kyes  glabrous.  Normal  num- 
ber of  autennal  joints  sixteen.  Tibi.-e  with  spurs  at  the  tip.  l''mpodia 
distinct.  Structure  of  the  forceps  and  the  ovipositor  peculiar  and 
characteristic. 

Sect.  VIII.  Ptychopterina.  Only  a  single  longitudinal  vein  postfrior 
to  the  fifth  vein  ;  two  submarginal  cells.  Labium  largely  developed  ;  palpi 
long.     Tibise  with  spurs  at  the  tip. 


:  'llPl^ 


mw 


I 


! 


After  having:  j^ivcn  an  account  of  the  distribution  into  sections, 
I  have  to  add  a  f<'W  words  on  the  genera.  I  am  opjjosed  to  a 
too  great  multiplication  of  the  g<'nera,  and  I  believe  that  as  the 
contrast  between  large  and  small  groups  exists  in  nature,  it 
should  also  be  brought  before  the  eye  in  the  classification.  In 
the  genus  Erioptcra,  for  instance,  the  relationship  of  the  groups 
which  compose  it  is  a  much  more  striking  feature  than  the 
characters  which  separate  these  groups.  If  we  set  up  the  groups 
as  genera,  with  only  three  or  four  sj)ecies  in  each,  the  diflerence 
lictween  the  large  group,  now  called  Erioptera,  and  smaller 
groups,  such  for  instance  as  the  genera  Gnophomyia,  Ti'imicra, 
and  all  the  genera  of  the  group  Linuiohiua  anomaJa,  this  difler- 
ence, so  strongly  marked  in  nature,  would  renuiiu  unexpressed  in 
the  system.  Subdivisions  of  the  larger  genera  should  of  course 
be  carefully  marked,  but  loss  strongly  than  the  intervals  between 
the  small  genera,  and  in  such  cases  a  subgeneric  subdivision  may 
be  useful.     This  is  the  course  which  I  have  followed. 


f).  General  remarks  on  the  structure  of  the  Tipulid.t;  brevipalpi. 
In  this  paragraph  I  do  not  intend  to  undertake  a  general  com- 
parative description  of  the  external  structure  of  the  Tq>-  brevi- 


INTUODL'CTION. 


21 


palpi.  My  purpose  is,  to  give  a  review  of  those  characters  <iiily, 
wliieh  liave  been  used  in  the  classilieatiou,  and  to  furnish  sunie 
e.\i>laniitions  necessary  for  the  better  understanding  of  tiie  jtrcsent 
nion<tgra])h. 

Tiie  organs  of  the  mouth  of  tlie  Tt]>.  brrvipalpi  alVord  coni- 
jiarativeiy  few  characters  for  the  classilieation.  The  prolongutioii 
of  the  liead  in  front,  called  the  roslruin  (coinpa>"e  Jtlonix/rdji/is. 
etc..  Vol.  I,  p.  xiii)  is  generally  shorter  here  than  in  the  Tip. 
longipulpi ;  it  is  consideral>ly  prolonged  in  the  genera  Ulniiu- 
phidia,  Toxorrhina,  and  Elcphanlomijia,  and  then  bears  the 
palpi  at  its  tip.  Tiie  outer  envelope  of  the  rostrum  has  soine- 
tl'ues  the  shape  of  a  short  tube  ripped  open  on  the  under  side  ; 
often,  however,  it  is  hardly  tuljular  at  all,  but  has  rather  the 
appearance  of  a  labrum,  and  is  either  short  and  stout,  or  long, 
narrow,  and  linear  (GVra«o»iv/f/).  Whenever  I  wanted  to  desig- 
nate this  outer  envelope  of  the  rostrum  separately,  as  an  inde- 
])endent  organ,  I  have  called  it  rpiMoma.  The  proboscia  consists 
chiefly  of  the  under  lip,  with  its  suctorial  flabs ;  it  project-  more 
or  less  beyond  the  epistoina ;  the  flabs  are  usually  somewhat 
pubescent,  linear  in  the  Limnobinc,  more  stout  and  fleshy  in  the 
LimnophiUna,  Amalopina,  etc. ;  (in  Geranomijia  the  under  lip  is 
very  much  prolonged  and  bilobed,  the  lobes  being  likewise  long 
and  linear).  The  palpi  incurved  backwards,  when  at  rest,  are 
four-jointed;  a  fifth  joint,  sometimes  perceptible  at  their  basis, 
probal)ly  re])reseuts  a  rudimental  ma.xilla  ;  Mr.  Westwood  (fntrod. 
etc.  II,  p.  525),  who  makes  this  suggestion,  adds,  that  the  texture 
of  this  fifth  joint  is  different  from  that  of  the  other  four.  Tho 
last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  usually  longer  than  th<!  preceding,  some- 
what linear;  but,  except  in  some  rare  eases,  as  in  Pedicia,  it  is 
never  very  long.  Immediately  under  the  part  which  1  call  the 
epistonia,  is  a  linear,  pointed  organ,  called  tho  tongue;  it  is  espe- 
<'ially  long  in  Geranomyia.  Meigen  (Vol  A'l,  p.  2Sl),  in  dissect- 
ing the  mouth  of  Glochina,  also  mentions  a  pair  of  horny,  linear, 
pointed  ma.riUre.  A  comparative  study  of  the  parts  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Tipulidae  is  yet  to  be  made. 

The  eyes  are  oblong  or  rounded,  separated  above  by  a  front 
which  is  more  or  less  broad  in  different  genera,  but  not  percep- 
til)ly  broader  in  one  sex  than  in  the  other.  On  the  under  side 
of  the  head,  the  eyes  are  usually  more  appro.ximate,  often  ahaost 
contiguous.     There  is  no  striking  difference  in  the  size  of  the 


i,  \- 


-^41 


;;/..,;v ' ' '' 


-T  ■,V'> 
■',■■1  f'*. 


:;.-.f 


•■*\r 


y 


<  i 


,.,.• 


i::i, 


28 


DIPTKRA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV, 


!i  "i 


facets  of  the  upjjer  and  of  the  lower  juvrt  of  the  eyes,  nor  a  dis- 
tinct dividinf^  line  between  tliein.'  The  eyes  are  jriabrons,  except 
in  tlie  AuHilopiim  and  in  tlie  genus  Trichocrra,  where  tliey  are 
l)ubescent.  Ocelli  are  wanting,  except  in  Trichorera,  where 
they  are  distinctly  perceptible  ;  Pedicia  also  shows  some  traces 
of  them. 

The  antennjc  are  cotnposed  of  a  cylindrical,  elongated  fn'st 
joint ;  a  short,  cyathifonn  or  rounded  second  joint,  and  from  12  to 
14  joints  of  the  flagelhnn.  The  At} isomer ina  have  an  abnornuil 
number  of  joints  (from  G  to  10);  and  in  some  foreign  genera,  the 
nun»ber  of  the  joints  is  larger  (cOmparo  Gi/iiojilintia,  Cerozodia, 
Clrdonia,  etc.).  The  usual  measure  of  the  antenna;  is,  that  when 
bent  backwards,  they  nearly  reach  the  root  of  the  wings ;  they 
are  much  shorter  than  this  in  the  genus  Amalopis.  The  male 
sex  in  the  Anuomerina,  especially  in  some  \:  erican  species  of 
Eriocera,  has  enormously  prolonged  filiform  antenna;,  sometimes 
three  or  four  times  the  length  of  the  body.  Some  Limnophilap, 
also  Cylindrotoma,  have  the  antenna;  of  the  male  considerably 
longer  than  those  of  the  female  and  pubescent  on  their  whole 
length ;  usually,  however,  this  difference  in  length  between  the 
sexes  is  much  less  perceptible.  The  male  has  often,  on  the  under 
side  of  the  three  or  four  basal  joints  of  the  flagellum,  a  dense, 
short  pubescence,  which  is  much  less  perceptible  in  the  female; 
in  some  cases  this  pubescence  extends  on  both  sides  of  the  whole 
antenna.  It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  when  the  antennae  of  the 
male  are  long  and  pubescent,  the  first  basal  joint  is  very  apt  to 
be  shorter  than  usual ;  this  is  the  case  for  instance  wii;!  Limno- 
phila  tenuipes,  Ci/luidrotoma  americana,  Uhi,  etc.  r  ctinate 
antenna;  occur  only  in  lihipidia  among  the  native  sir.-  s  but 
several  foreign  Limnophilina  have  them  also. 

The  feet  are  long  and  slender,  more  or  less  pubescent ;  the 
presence  or  absence  of  spurs  at  the  tip  of  the  tibia;,  of  empodia, 
and  of  teeth  on  the  under  side  of  the  ungues  constitute  the  basis 
of  the  principal  subdivisions  of  the  T.  brevipalpi,  and  will  be 
sufiiciently  noticed  below.     The  spurs,  whenevf  r  present,  are  two 

'  In  tlie  genus  Bhjihirocera  (fain.  Blepharoceridft,  Monogr.  Vol.  I,  p.  S) 
ttui  eyes  are  divided  in  two  portions,  the  upper  one  with  large,  the  lower 
one  with  small  facets  ;  the  upper  portion  is  comparatively  smaller  in  the 
male  than  in  the  female  ;  in  life,  these  portions  differ  in  their  color  ;  the 
upper  one,  in  D.  cofiiuitu  Lw.,  is  reddish  green,  the  lower  one  purple. 


INTUODLCTION. 


29 


in  miinbcr  on  oacli  tibia,  and  uccur  on  all  the  three  pairs  of  tibia*; 
I  liave  not  observed  a  single  case  of  spurs  oeeurring  on  one  or 
two  pairs  of  tibiiu  only.'  'J'iie  la^t  tarsal  joints  show  a  sexual 
character,  the  very  general  occurrence  of  which  has,  1  bi-lieve, 
not  been  olj.servcd  before:  in  the  male,  the  interval  between  the 
last  and  the  penultinuite  joint  is  excised  on  the  under  side,  which 
enables  this  joint  to  be  bent  under  the  preceding  (a  similar 
structure  in  a  Tipula  is  figured  by  West  wood  in  \Vallver"s  //).s. 
Jtrit.  J>ijd.  Tal).  XXVllI,  fig.  5  (/).  In  such  cases  the  last  joint 
itseii  is  niodilied  in  its  structure,  generally  more  elongated, 
slender,  somewhat  curved,  and  beset  with  bristles  on  the  under 
side.  This  structure  i>revails  through  nearly  all  the  genera, 
altliongli  it  is  sometimes  wanting  in  single  sjiccies  of  a  genus  in 
wliicii  it  otherwise  prevails. 

Tiio  prothorax  (collare)  varies  in  l)readth  and  the  remaining 
parts  of  the  tiiorax  in  shape.  These  niodilications,  although 
mentioned  in  the  descriptions,  have  not  served  to  estal)lisli  any 
important  subdivisions.  On  the  front  jiart  of  the  mesonotuni 
tliere  is  often  a  pair  of  black  dots,  one  on  each  side,  immedi- 
ately back  of  the  humerus  ;  sctmetimes  they  assume  the  apjiear- 
ance  of  small  pits,  with  a  brown  or  black,  shining  bottom.  I  do 
not  know  what  they  are  ;  they  may  have  some  connection  with 
the  prothoracic  spiracle,  which  is  not  far  from  them,  immediately 
below.  There  is  no  vestige  of  them  in  some  si>ccies  and  genera 
(for  instance  in  Fcdicia  and  A)n(ilo])it<).  In  other  case-,  they 
are  quite  conspicuous,  as  in  the  grou})  oi'  Limii()})liihr,  re})resented 
by  Jj.  li(teiji<')ini)i.  These  latter  species  have,  besides  the  pits, 
two  closely  approximated  shining  dots,  black  or  brown,  near  the 
})oint  of  contact  of  the  iutermediate  thoracic  stripe  with  the 
collare. 

Tiie  abdomen  is  nine-jointed  ;  the  eighth  joint  is  often  narrow  ; 
the  ninth  usually  consists  of  an  upper  half  segment  and  of  the 
genitals.  The  external  sexuiil  ap[taratus  of  the  male  consists 
of  a  forceps,  by  means  of  which  the  end  of  the  female  abdomen 
is  seized  fron\  below,  a  little  before  the  ovipositor,  in  such  a 
manner,  that  the  latter  organ  is  stretched  out  on  the  u|)per  j)art 
of  the  al)domen  of  the  male.  This  done,  tiie  male  with  a  second, 
inner,  clutching  apparatus  seizes  the  orifice  of  the  inner  genital 


1 

■    *  M 

1 

(|w  m'^*^4 

H 

ST.      I    , rjlfl 

1 

t.f   U  jfl 

H 

^'   !t  a 

{     '<    u 

V 

'  .^9 

f 

►,      1  '*li 

'•  '^.1 

s''   "T 

I 

•\ 

4         il 

h 

'  'B 

\     '«! 

i 

^'  •  '1 

K 

>^\    i 

\ 

' '  '2 

t 

9 

i 

<             T 

'M 


'».; 


1 1 


1*1 


'  Atiirha  may,  perhaps,  form  an  exception  ;  compare  this  genus. 


s 
'*'*'i 


30 


DirTEIlA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


h":; 


,r;i' 


li,, 

iiii 


organs  of  the  fciuiilc  and  adjusts  tlicroon  fin*  copnlatioii.  The 
structure  of  this  uutor  furetjS  olfcrs  uuuiy  niodilicutiuns  and  is 
for  this  reason  very  useful  in  the  elassitieation. 

The  usual  structure  uf  tiic  outer  forceps  is,  that  it  consists  of 
two,  generally  suhcylindrical  basal  pieces,  to  each  of  which  two 
elongated,  pointed,  movable  api>endages  are  fastened  (compare 
Tab.  IV,  f.  2:},  24,  2n,  20).  The  two  pairs  of  these  appendages 
are  not  of  the  same  consistency,  the  outer  one  being  generally 
horny,  the  inner  one  often  of  a  less  hard  texture.  The  niodilica- 
tions,  however,  of  this  primitive  type  are  numerous.  Sometimes 
the  two  appendages  on  the  same  side  are  soldered  together,  so 
as  to  represent  a  kind  of  horny  hook  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  C,  7  ;  Tab. 
IV,  fig.  11,  Ki).  In  the  genus  Divranvmnia  the  ft)recps  is 
represented  by  a  pair  of  movable  fleshy  lobes,  ■'.vith  horny,  lieak- 
shaped  projections  on  the  inside  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  3,  5).  Among 
the  Erioitterina  the  structure  of  the  forceps  is  often  complicated 
and  sul)ject  to  considerable  modifications  (T.  IV,  f.  14,  15,  17-20). 
The  outer  forceps,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  observe,  is  put 
in  motion  by  a  kind  of  horny  frame,  fastened  to  its  basis  on  the 
inside  and  communicating  with  the  proper  nuiscles ;  this  frame 
expands  and  contracts  by  means  of  a  hinge  in  its  middle  (compare 
Tab.  IV,  fig.  29,  and  29  a,  the  forceps  of  Eriocera  fipinosa  and 
the  explanation,  appended  to  the  figure  ;  I  have  observed  a  some- 
what similar  structure  in  Dicranoptycha  sobrina).  This  inner 
frame  is  also  connected  with  the  inner  clutching  apparatus,  the 
structure  of  which  has  not  been  used,  however,  for  descriptive 
purposes.  Among  the  Limnohina,  a  single,  immovable,  styliform 
organ  is  visible  immediately  below  the  forceps ;  I  have  called  it 
the  .s7^/e ;  this  organ  is  not  perceptible  in  most  of  the  other  sec- 
tions. It  is  replaced,  however,  by  a  slender,  horny,  often  curved 
and  pointed  piece,  which  is  entirely  concealed  when  the  forceps 
is  closed,  and  projected  when  it  is  open ;  I  have  called  it  aciileus. 
Among  the  Cylindrotomiim,  the  aculeus  has  the  shape  of  a  lamel, 
more  or  less  trifid  at  the  tip.  (For  more  details  on  the  structure 
of  the  forceps,  compare  the  explanation  of  Plates  III  and  IV.) 
A  more  detailed  study  of  the  structure  of  the  male  genitals  and 
also  of  the  shape  of  the  abdominal  segments  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  forceps,  would  undoubtedly  afford  very  valuable 
characters  for  the  discovery  of  links  of  relationship  otherwise 


-Mti:|. 


1  !'i 


INTRODUCTION. 


31 


rm 
it 


el, 

re 

•) 


J 


latont.     But  11li^^  study  is  difricult,  hocausc  it  can  give  positive 
iTsiilts  only  wlifii  pnrsuoil  upon  fresh  specimens. 

The  female  ovipositor  consists  of  two  pairs  of  horny  valves, 
usinilly  attenuated  and  pointed  at  the  tip.  Their  length  and 
shape  aiford  oceasidually  useful  characters. 

The  most  important  and  at  tiie  same  time  the  most  tangible 
of  all  the  characters  used  for  the  classification  of  the  I'lpiilid/e 
are  afforded  l)y  the  wings  and  their  venation.'  The  shape  of  the 
wings,  their  breadth  in  comparison  to  their  length,  the  shajje  of 
their  anal  angle,  etc.,  deserve  to  be  noted.  Their  membrane,  when 
examined  under  a  strong  magnifying  power,  will  always  appear 
pubescent  (the  wing  of  Anlo'-ha  appeared  pubescent  under  a 
])ower  of  loO);  nevertiieless  in  describing  a  wing,  we  call  it 
glal)rous,  when  the  pubescence  is  not  discernible  to  the  naked 
eye  uOr  to  a  lens  of  low  power,  and  however  indefinite  the  limit 
between  a  i)ul)escent  and  a  glal)rous  wing,  in  our  sense,  may  seem, 
the  practical  application  of  these  terms  is  hardly  ever  doubtful. 
In  the  same  way,  the  wing-veins  are  ahva\'s  pubescent ;  but  we 
call  tlicm  so  only  when  the  pubescence  is  long  enough  to  be 
striking  under  an  ordinary  entomological  lens;  otherwise  we 
consider  them  as  glabrous. 

The  terminology  of  the  venation  used  by  me  is,  in  the  main,  that 
of  Mr.  Loew,  as  explained  in  the  first  volume  of  these  Monographs 
(pp.  xv-xxiv).  In  some  respects,  however,  it  had  to  be  modified,  in 
order  to  be  rendered  ai)plicablo  to  the  Tipxdidve.  The  principal 
difficulty  lies  in  the  name  to  be  given  to  what  I  will  call  below  tlio 
greut  cross-vein  and  to  the  portion  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein, 
beyond  this  cross-vein.  If  the  diagram  below  is  compared  to 
the  three  diagrams  given  on  page  xxiv  of  the  first  volume  of 
the  Monographs,  it  will  be  easily  perceived  that  the  portion  of  the 
fifth  vein,  lying  beyond  the  cross-vein  in  the  Tipididae,  corres- 
ponds to  the  posterior  basal  transverse  vein  of  the  wing  of  Ortalis 
(Monogr.  I,  p.  xxiv,  fig.  1,  q).  The  giTat  cross-vein  of  the  Tipu- 
lidtx,  if  traced  back  to  the  wing  of  Ortalis,  would  be  found  to 
form  a  part  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  (I.  c.  fig.  1,  ggg).  The 
course  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  of  Ortalis,  if  traced  out  upon 
the  wing  of  a  Tipulid,  would  be  found  to  run  along  the  great 


A^ 


,.',..i"jS;i...%.^ 


3". 

■1   *  i**  ■  ■:>'^Aat 


:.l^,iS 


'■.    fW 


,  •■■.■>'*] 


-v  ■«  ";: 


'  The  term  venation,  used  by  English  authors,  is  certainly  preferable  to 
ncuration,  which  has  been  used  in  the  first  volumes  of  these  Monoyraphs. 


M 


'•^  ^.^ 


!'•;•{ 


^A 


Jlll"-,'i» 


82 


DII'TERA  OP  NOKTII  AMKUICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


■  lilt  I:  r 


'I:  ,- 


111' 


:i!;!i 


1!!'i     i  !, 


cross-vein,  then  along  the  discal  cell,  between  the  two  intercalary 
veins,  to  the  posterior  niar}ji:in  (see  1.  c.  lij;.  :!,  tlie  \\\uix  of  JJiiij)is, 
which  in  this  resju'ct  resembles  that  of  the  Tijitili<l;r,  and  coni- 
j)are  it  to  the  winjj;  of  Ortulitt  and  to  the  diagram  which  I  give 
below).  Thns,  if  we  force  ui)on  the  Tipnlidn-  the  termimJogy 
introduced  originally  for  the  fandlies  of  Diptera  with  a  less  de- 
veloped venation,  we  meet  with  inextricabio  difllcultics.  IJiit 
there  is  no  more  reason  for  doing  this  than  for  follnwing  the 
opposite  coil  '.  adopting  a  terminology  for  the  Tijudidir  lirst 
and  forcing  il  afterwards  ujion  the  MtiKcidir.  It  is  perfectly 
arbitrary  at  which  end  of  the  system  of  I)ii)tera  we  begin  to 
trace  out  the  homologies  of  the  venation.  This  study  of  tho 
lionu)logies  has  two  distinct  aims  in  view:  the  scieutilic  aim  of 
showing  that  the  groniid-plan  of  the  veiuition  is  the  same  in  all 
the  families  of  the  order;  and  the  practical  aim  of  adopting  a 
terminology  for  descriptive  jturitoses.  AVe  caniu)t  carry  out  a 
terminology  on  solely  theoretical  grounds  ;  we  will  have  to  vary 
the  details  of  it  according  to  the  piM-uliarities  of  structure  occur- 
ring in  dillereiit  families,  the  nuun  jdaii  remaining  the  same.  This 
is  done  in  all  the  departuu-nts  of  zoology,  aiul  I  do  not  see  why 
the  venation  of  the  Diptera  should  \w  treated  diflcrently. 

In  accordaiu'e  with  these  views,  I  call  jlj'lli  loiujitinliiinl  rein 
the  whole  vein  innnediately  following  the  second  basal  cell  and 
the  last  of  the  po.>terior  cells  ;  I  call  (p-eaf  croxs-rcin  (in  contra- 
distiiu'tiou  from  th»J  potatcrior  cross- tr/n  of  the  J/«.sr/J;r)  the 
cross-vein  connecting  the  fifth  vein  with  the  vein  preceding  it. 
The  fotoiJi  vein,  1  look  upon  as  including  the  discal  cell  between 
its  two  main  branches.'  The  posterior  of  these  branches  is  almost 
always  forked  (the  pcsterior  branch  of  this  fork  corresjionds  to 
Mr.  Locw's  posh'7'ior  intervalanj  vein,  v,  in  the  wing  of  Empia, 
Monogv.  I,  p.  x.xiv,  lig.  3);  and  the  cross-vein,  connecting  this 
fork  with  the  anterior  branch,  closes  the  discal  cell ;  hence,  when 
the  discal  cell  is  open,  through  the  disappearance  of  this  cross- 
vein  it  coalesces  with  the  second  posterior  cell  (as  in  Tab.  I,  fig.  1), 
or  with  the  third,  when  there  are  five  posterior  cells  (as  in  Tab. 
II,  fig.  17).  Such  is  the  case  with  the  majority  of  the  genera 
which  have  the  discal  cell  open,  as  Orimarga,  Empcda,  Crypto- 
labis,  EriojJtcra  (subgenera  :  Erioptera  and  Jlolophilus),  Flee- 

'  In  this  I  follow  Dr.  ScLiuer's  views. 


nlli 


"lli''':!! 


INTlKtDl  CTION. 


33 


)SS- 

1). 


Iromijia,  Dicrfniold,  tintl  It/idji/iidoldliis.  In  (hose  jrciicra  wlicro 
the  (lisciil  coll  is  opi'ii  in  soino  sjK'cii's  only,  (tr  in  some  spccinH'ns 
(if  ('crtain  species,  tlio  siinic  rule  prevails;  it.  coalesces  with  llio 
.•n'ctDid  posterior  cell,  when  there  are  I'onr  such  cells,  and  with  the 

.'/'")■ 


till  U  III 


third,  when  there  are  liv«'  (compare  the  jienns  /)ici 
Cases,  where  the  anterior  branch  of  the  fourth  vein  is  forked  and 
the  i»osterior  not;  in  other  words,  where,  with  four  posterior  cells, 
the  discal  cell  coalesces  with  the  tliird  posterior  cell  (as  in  'I'ah. 
I,  liu'.  ITi);  such  cases  are  rare,  and  ocriir  more  comnioidy  only 
ill  the  se(''tion  Kriaplvrina  (compari'  the  p'ueral  remarks  on 
this  section)  ;  outside  of  it,  the  <i-enera  T/Ktiniinn/oplcni,  and 
Kllipti'ra  (Tal).  1,  lij?.  10)  only  possess  tliis  character.  Jn  l>tc- 
ranumiiin  piiliijwiuiix  (.).  8.,  also,  when  the  discal  cell  is  (tpen,  it 


ith    the   third    i)osterior   cell 


a  sinjiular  cxceptitMi 


coalesces   w 

from  amonj^  all  tluj  hicrdnoiiujitv.  Outside  of  the  Tipdiulixi 
hri'vipdlpi,  this  structure  may  he  observed  in  J'/j/clidp/crd.  (Tab. 
11,  liii'.  !'.•).  The  occurrence  of  live  ])osterior  (.'ells,  without  any 
fork  (Ml  tiie  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth  vein,  can  tak(!  place 
only  when  the  anterior  branch  of  this  vein  has  a  doubU;  fork. 
This  is  the  case  with  holii-hojwza  ;  but  I  have  not  met  with  any 
instance  of  this  kind  anionj^  the  Tipulidiv  brrripalpi,  except   in 


the  Li 


miK) 


ij)h  il 


nid. 


It  is  worthv  of  lattice,  that    in  this  sectioi 


where  the  discal  cell  is,  as  a  rule,  always  closed,  wheiu-ver  aii 
al)normal  specimen  is  met  with,  when;  this  cell  is  open,  tin; 
l)raiichin<^  of  the  fourth  vein  is  very  apt  to  appear  like  that  of 
VolicIiopi'Zd. 

The  fork  of  the  anterior  branch  of  the  fourth  vein  is  formecl  l)y 
the  insertion  of  the  vein  which  Mr.  Loew  calls  tin;  diitcrinr  inhr- 
vahtrii  vein  (u  in  Moiuxjr.  I,  p.  xxiv,  fif^.  3).  It  is  th(!  addition 
of  this  vein  which  raises  the  uunilxT  of  posterior  cells  to  liv(,'. 

The  small  cross-vein  usually  forms  the  inner  end  of  the  first 
])osterior  cell.  In  some  rare  cases  the  inner  end  of  the  siil»- 
niaru'inal  cell  is  in  immediate  contact  with  the  discal  cell  (as  in 
the  winjr  of  Trioi/iiui,  Tab.  I,  fig.  7),  and  in  such  cases  there  is, 
of  course,  no  small  cross-vein.  This  structure  characterizes  tin; 
•renera  Trini/ma  and  Pnrdtropeza,  Schiner;  it  also  occurs  in  most 
specimens  of  the  North  American  ('i/lindroloma  vodicoriiit<  and 
adventitiously  in  the  genus  Ithamphidia. 

I  call  prirfdrcd  (a  term  which  has  Iteen  used  by  ]\Ir.  Ilaliday 
in  Walker's  //(.s.  Brit.  Dipt.  Ill,  p.  304)  the  portion  of  the  second 
3     June,  1868. 


■J'f'  f 


I  ir 


1  ''I  ^ 


\m'  'ii 


•■;ji 


34 


DIPTERA  OF  NOKTII  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


vein  Ix'tvvpcn  its  orif?in  and  the  omission  of  tho  tliira  lonjjfitudinal 
vein.  Tli(!  p'liole  of  tlic  first  submarginal  cell  is  tlio  portion  of 
tlie  second  longitudinal  vein  between  tlie  tip  of  the  pncfurca  and 
the  inner  end  of  tliat  cell.  In  order  to  deserilje  tlic  riilativo 
position  of  tlie  tips  of  the  veins  and  of  cross-veins,  I  have  nsed 
the  term  opfxmle, ;  two  points  arc  opposite  each  other  when,  i)ro- 
jected  on  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  wing,  they  a])pear  ecpii- 
dirttant  from  its  basis.  The  following  diagram  explains  the  other 
terms,  which  have  been  used  by  me ; — 


xxx: 


XX  k 


Diagram  of  a  icing  icith  two  suhmarginal  and  Jive  posterior  cells 
{Cladura  indiciaa). 


1.  Costal. 

2.  Subcostal. 
."!.  MarKioal. 

;)*.  I  liner  niarglnal. 
4.  First  GabmargiDal.' 


Cells. 
H.  Socoud  suhmarginal. 
(i-10.  First  to  fifth  posturior. 

11.  Di-scal. 

12.  First  basal. 

13.  Sccoud  basal. 


14.  Anal. 
1.0.  Axillarj'. 
16.  Spurious. 


I!r    :''• 


Veins. 


m 


:tll.i 


6  I.  Auxiliary, 
c  TO.  First  longitudinal. 
h  n  o.  Second  longitudinal. 
h  i.  I'ricfurca 
kn.  Anterior  branch  of  the  second 

1.  vein. 
k  o.  I'o.sterior  br<'.:)cli  of  the  second 

1.  vein. 
i  k.  Petiole  of  the  first  submarginal 
cell. 
i  p.  Third  locgitudinal. 


dqrst.  Fourth  longitndinal. 

q  r.  Fork  of  its  anterior  branch  ;  the 
posterior  branch  of  this  fork, 
ending  in  r,  is  Mr.  Loew's  an- 
terior intercalary  vein. 
s  t.  Fork  of  the  posterior  branch  of 
the  fourth  vein ;  the  branch 
of  this  fork,  ending  in  t,  is 
Mr.  Loew's  posterior  inter- 
ca  lary  vein. 

e  u.  Fifth  longitudinal. 

/v.  Sixth  longitudinal. 

g  w.  Seventh  longitudinal. 


'  In  my  paper :  Description  of  some  new  Genera  and  Species  of  North 
American  Limnobina,  Proc.  Phil.  Entom.  Soc.  1865,  p.  225,  I  have  called 
this  cell  the  second  marginal ;  the  proper  term,  however,  in  accordance  with 
the  terminology  originally  adopted  by  Macquart,  is  first  submarginal. 


INTHODTTTKIN. 


85 


driiss-vfinn. 


■=5 


,T.  rinmeral. 
a'x.  SnlfooHtal. 
ijj:.  Miirgiuttl. 


J*.  Siniill,  or  nntnrlor  cro88-Toln. 
■jc**.  Urout  cruHn-veiu. 


Other  tcrmn  which  hare  been  used. 

Wlu'ii  the  veins  bctwcoa  the  ciul  of  tlie  prtefiirea  («)  and  the 
great  cross-vein  are  more  or  le.ss  in  a  lino.  I  designate  them  by 
the  collective  term  central  croms-veins. 

Veins  or  cross-veins  not  found  in  the  ordinary  venation  and 
tlioreforc  not  separately  named,  have  been  called  mtjifrniumrary, 
when  they  are  of  constant  occurrence  and  distinguish  a  genus  or 
a  species  ;  advcnliliouH,  when  their  occurrence  is  accidental  in 
abnormal  s])eeimens  only. 


7.    Comparison  of  the  North  American  and  of  the  European 
TiruLiDTE  of  the  eight  sections  described  in  this  volume. 

The  knowledge  of  both  faunas  is  far  from  perfect,  and  in  this 
country,  as  well  as  in  Europe,  almost  every  year  brings  with  it 
the  discovery  of  some  of  the  more  rare  and  more  interesting 
forms.  Only  the  general  features  of  these  fan  is  can  therefore 
be  compared  with  a  certain  degree  of  eonlidence,  and  our  state- 
ments with  regal d  to  the  details,  the  numerical  proportions  of 
the  species,  and  the  comparison  of  the  smaller  genera  must,  in  a 
certain  measure,  be  considered  as  only  ])rovisional. 

What  fjtrikes  us  most,  when  we  compare  the  nundjer  of  Euro- 
pean and  Xorth  American  si)ecies  in  the  eight  sections  of  the 
Tipiilidse  described  in  the  present  volume,  is  the  remarkable 
agreement,  in  this  rcr;pcct,  between  the  two  faunas.  The  com- 
parison of  the  number  of  s))ee!es  occurring  in  Germany  (according 
to  Dr.  Schiller's  enumeration),  with  those  of  the  Atlantic  slope 
of  this  continent  (as  far  as  represented  in  my  collection)  stands 
thus : — 


Larf.'R  Oroiips.             '  N.  Am.  ;  Gprin. 

SmaU  Oronps. 

X.  Am.     Germ. 

Liiniiobina     .     .     . 
Eriopterina    .     .     . 
Liinnophilina     .     . 

35 
35 
34 

31 
34 
35 

JJmnol)ina  anoinala 
Anisomeriua  .     .     . 
ATiialopiiia     .     .     . 
Cyliiulrotomina .     . 
Ptychopterina     .     . 

10 

6 

13 

4 
3 

5 
5 
14 
4 
5 

Total     .     .     .   1  1(14       100 
species,    species 

i 

Total     .     .     . 

3t)     1     33 
sppcles.    species. 

.'  *y  M 


.    :<\'l.'m 


th 


,iir 
II I 


hi!.:         !  I.i 


a6 


DII'TEFIA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


Sum  total  of  the  v\fi;\\t  first  sfctions  of  the  Tipulidfv  (that  is, 
the  T.  hrcripnl/ii,  iiifliidiiig  the  Cijliinlrnto))U)ia  and  Pti/c/iop- 
(eri)ia)  for  North  America  140,  for  (Jermaiiy  l;}3  si)ecies.  Tlio 
mimber  of  speeios  described  in  Zetterstedt's  /)ipti'i'a  Hiaii(Unavifr, 
emljriieinf?  Sweden,  Norway,  l)enniarl\,  and  Finland,  is  nearly 
e(|ual  to  the  total  for  Gernumy. 

The  total  nund)er  of  the  spceies  of  T.  brcnpnjpi  in  Europe, 
accordiu}?  to  Seliiner's  Cutnlofjiin  Uipterorum  Europir,  is  240, 
but  a  proper  synonymy  would  very  considerably  reduce  this 
number. 

The  strikinp;  features  of  the  above  given  table  arc  :  1.  That 
each  of  the  tiirce  large  groups  is  represented  by  nearly  the  same 
number  of  spceies  in  both  countries;  2.  That  the  number  of 
si)e(,'ies  in  each  of  the  three  large  grou^is  is  nearly  equal  to  the 
number  of  sjx'cies  of  the  other  two  large  groups,  and  nearly  e(pial 
to  the  numlx-r  of  species  in  the  live  small  groups  taken  together; 
in  other  words,  that  both  in  North  America  and  in  Germany,  the 
number  of  species  in  each  of  the  large  groups  is  about  one-(iuarter 
of  the  whole  numi)er ;  3.  That  the  number  of  species  of  the 
small  groups  is  somewhat  larger  in  North  America  than  in 
Germany.  If  we  e.\tend  this  comparison  to  the  genera,  we  will 
find  that  the  large  genera  are  rei)resented  by  nearly  the  same 
number  of  species  in  North  America  and  in  Germany  {Dicra- 
nomyia  19  and  1.5,  Limnohia  9  and  12,  Erioptcra  1.5  and  15, 
li/ii/p/iolophns  7  and  G,  Limnophila  27  and  29). 

Among  the  smaller  genera,  some  arc  common  to  North  Ame- 
rica and  to  Europe  (we  need  not  confine  ourselves  to  the  German 
fauna  here),  and  others  peculiar,  as  far  as  known,  to  one  of  the 
two  continents. 

The  N.  A.  genera  peculiar  to  the  American  continent  are  : — 

Elephanfomijia  (1  sp.),  Toxorrhina  (2  sp.),  Teuchokibi)i{l  sp.), 
Eriocera  (4  sj).),  Cladura  (2  sp.),  Alarha  (1  sp.),  Cryj)lolubis 
(1  sp.),  Flcdromyia  (1  sp.),  Jtha2:)h.idulnhis  (2  sp.),  Bittaco- 
morpha  (1  sp.),  Protoplana  (1  sp).  Gnophomyia  (2  sp.)  is  re- 
presented in  Europe  by  Psiloconopa  (3  or  more  species). 

The  following  genera  have  been  found  as  yet  only  in  Europe  : — 

ElUptera  (2  sp.),  Orimarga  (2  or  3  sp.),  Tliaumadoptera 
(1  sp.),  and  Cladolipes  (1  sp.). 

Common  to  both  continents  are :  Geranomyia  (2  Eur.,  3  N. 
Am.  sp.);  Trochobola  (2  Eur.,  1.  N.  Am.  sp.);  Rhipidia  (2  Eur., 


m- 


,!:;;.^i 


■^:m 


Ulii  ■'  ' 


INI'IIOIUCTION. 


;i7 


;!  N.  Am.  sp.);  Uhamphidia  (2  Kur.,  1  N.  Am.  sp.);  liirrniinp. 
ttjrha  (-2  Kur,  3  X.  Am.  sp.);  Anlor/ia  (1  Kur.,  I  N.  Am.  sp.); 
Ti'iinirra  (2  or  3?  Kur.,  1  N.  Am.  sp.);  Sym/ileda  (3  Kur.,  I 
N.  Am.  sp.);  Ooniomi/ia  (;">  or  (>  Kur.,  4  N.  Aui.  sp.) ;  Empcda 
(l  Kur.,  1  N.  Auk  sp.);  (Jhiutica  (2  Kur.,  2  X.  Am.  sp.);  Kpi- 
p/iniijiiia  (1  Kur.,  2  X'.  Am.  sp.);  TridiDCcra  {^)  Vaiv.,  4  i)V  'y 
X.  Aiu.  sp.);  Anisomcra  {H  Kur.,  1  X.  Aui.  sp.);  rcnthojilfra 
(2  Kur.,  1  X'^.  Aui.  sp.) ;  Amalopu  (altout  8  or  i)  Kur.,  f)  X.  Aui. 
8p.) ;  Dicranola  (iiltout  ;')  Kur.,  2  X.  Aui.  sp.);  Pcdicia  (I  Kur., 
1  X.  Aiu.  sp.);  Via  (2  Kur.,  2  X.  Aui.  sp.);  (Ji/linttrolomn  (2 
Kur.,  2  X.  Aiu.  sp);  Triogma  (I  Kur.,  1  X.  Am.  sp.);  J'/kiIo- 
croccrn  (1  Kur.,  1  X.  Aui,  sp.) ;  riijchoplcra  (;')  Kur.,  3  X. 
Am.  sp.). 

Tlic  couiparisou  of  the  smaller  gcnora  ajjain  discloses  a  ro- 
markalilo  aj^reemout  in  the  iiumlter  of  speoies ;  the  (lill'ereiices, 
where  they  occur,  are  in  most  cases  in  favor  of  the  Kurupeaii 
fauna,  and  are  prol)aI)ly  due,  in  a  great  measure  (for  instaiuM;  in 
the  genus  Anixomera),  to  tlie  imperfect  knowledge  of  the  Xorth 
American  fauna. 

I  have  shown  the  points  of  agreement  between  the  two  faunas. 
The  statement  of  the  differences  recpiires  much  more  caution,  af4 
the  incomplete  knowledge  of  the  Xorth  American  fauna  is  here  to 
be  especially  taken  into  account.  It  is  almost  certain  that  some 
of  the  genera,  enumerated  above  as  peculiar  to  America,  will 
never  bo  found  i  Ku''ope  (for  instance  Toxnrrluna,  EU'phanlu- 
myia,  Eriocera) ;  on  tne  other  hand,  it  is  far  from  certain  that  the 
genera  hitherto  found  in  Kurope  only,  may  not  yet  be  discovered 
on  the  American  continent  (as  Orunarga  and  EHipiera).  As 
far  as  my  knowledge  goes,  the  dillerence  between  the  two  faunas 
may  be  expressed  in  the  following  terms  :  Whenever  the  Nurlh 
American  fauna  differs  from  the  European  in  the  occurrence 
of  a  jieculiar  generic  form,  or  in  a  marked  j^reralente  of 
another,  //n'.s  difference  z'.s  due,  either  to  an  adnii.rlure  of  South 
American  forms,  or  of  forms  peculiar  to  t/ie  and)er  fauna. 

If  we  look  over  the  X'ortli  American  genera,  not  occurring  in 
Europe,  we  find  that,  among  those  genera,  Toxorrhina  is  a 
South  American  and  "West  Indian  form  ;  Elephant omyia  occurs 
in  amber ;  Eriocerie  with  short  antenna;  are  abundant  in  South 
A-iucrica ;  those  with  long  antenme  in  the  male  .sex  have  been 
found  in  amber.     Protoplam  is  represented  by   Tanyderus  in 


t.  ».;•■! 


•i-v',i?t- 


1.  •><!.•       <1 


■.■■^;- 


v-\ 


! 

ji;''i 

!'■■' 

li 


3S 


Itll'TKUA  (»K  N(»UTII  A.MKKUA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


South  iVincrica  iiiid  by  Mafrochih:  in  uiiiIkt.  Tfiii/iuldhi.'^,  and 
Hume  allied,  mid  as  yrl  uiidcscriliril  luniis,  arc  \\<'ll  ri'|irfst'iitcd 
ill  Siiiilii  America  and  Mexieo;   (riiop/ioiin/ia  likewise. 

O'eraiiomi/ia  in  represented  in  JCuropo  Ity  two  rare  species;  il  is 
eoninion  in  North  America,  und  Htill  nioro  al>iindautly  represented 
in  Sontli  America.  'I'liosc  Nortli  American  species  of  J'/ii- 
]iliriii/iiin  and  Ji/iijiiilin,  whicli  arc  not  represented  l)y  analogous 
forms  in  Kiiropu,  arc  Soutli  American  lorms. 

Somo  species,  cliaraeteristic  of  North  America,  ns  Jjiiiiiniji/iih 
(Lasionnistix)  macrocera  Say,  Liiinioji/iila  (rniiijii\-<  Say,  and 
somo  other  species  with  h»ng  antenmi;  in  the  male  sex,  are  re|)rc- 
sentcd  (piitc  al)un(hintly  hy  analogous  f'orins  in  andx'r;  one  of 
liieiu,  JjiiniKqiliila  lonijivorniti  Loow,  seems  to  be  closely  allied 
to  fj.  macrocera  Say. 

It  would  ))C  interesting  to  pusli  tlic  comparison  of  the  two 
faunas  still  farther,  and,  l>y  taking  \\\\  the  genera  singl},  to  com- 
))arc  the  Norlli  American  und  the  Kurotx'an  species,  so  as  to 
arrive   at   some  results  as   to   analogic  dilVerences   in   their 

structure,  coloring,  or  size.     From  wai  .lalcrials  for  such  a 

task,  my  remarks  will  he  very  fragmentary. 

In  this  family,  as  in  most  of  the  other  families  of  Diptera,  there 
is  a  certain  number  of  species,  which  an;  api)arenlly  common  to 
Europe  and  to  North  America.  I  say  apparently,  because  with 
Bueh  species  one  is  never  sure  whether  the  com])arison  of  a  larger 
numljer  of  sja'cimens  would  not  disclose  a  constant  dill'crence. 
And  as  every  kind  of  ditfereiice,  oven  if  constant,  does  not  neces- 
sarily constitute  a  si)ecilic  character,  cases  of  this  kind  arc  often 
doul)tful,  and  their  decision  more  or  less  arliitrary. 

My  opportunities  for  comi)ariiig  specimens  having  been  small, 
it  is  with  such  reservations  that  I  have  to  introduce  the  list  of 
identical  or  analogous  species  of  l)oth  continents. 

The  following  species,  as  far  as  ascertained,  seem  to  be  common 
to  Europe  and  to  North  America:  Iheranomyia  Uherta  O,  S., 
1).  longipennis  Schuni.  (syn.  I),  immemor  O.  S.),  lihipidia  mucu- 
lata  jMeig.,  Si/mjyleda  punctipennis  Meig.,  Antocha  opalizan)^ 
O.  S. 

The  identity  of  the  following  species  is  less  certain,  their  re- 
semblance, however,  very  great :  Dicranomyia  morio  Fab.  and 
morioides  O.  S.,  Trochohola  annidala  Lin.  and  T.  ay-f/us  Say; 
EplieUa  (an  unnamed  European  species  in  my  collection,  perhaps 


INTKdDICTIOV. 


;i9 


ijiilldtd  .Muc(|.)  ami  h'.  (ijinlino,  ().  S.,  lilinjtli'ra  pulrhdlu  SU''\\t. 
unit  I.  J'cxcinhifft,  ().  S.  ;  Aimiloiilt*  (ijitiliiid  K'^^w  tiiid  .1.  iiicon- 
sIdiiK  i).  S.  ;  CijliiKh'ulnina  (liHliiiilitixinKi  M.  aii<l  (J.  timmidiKi 
().  S.  tJudfriiij^  fniiii  tlic  (Irscriptioli  ol'  LidimAiia  vdnnm-ia 
/(•tt.,  wliic'li  is  nil  Amalui/is,  it  must  liu  very  liivo  J.  /n/perburea 
().  S. 

Closely  I'cscriililiiiir,  itiit  ('crtainly  (lillVrciil  spci-ics  are  J'vdnia 
rirntia  Ij.  and  J',  dlhinl/a  Walk.,  llhi [mUii  unixiTidld  Scliiii, 
and  II.  Jidcliii  ().  S.,  Liinnobia  uitnnUiH  Liii.  and  L.  ciinlijns 
Say,  etc. 

An  iind('S(;rilR'd  lliiroitcnn  I'la  is  very  like  U.  eli-r/onx  O.  S. 
Tlic  KMrtipcan  and  Nortli  Ainoricaii  spi'fics  (if  'J'rii  /lutrra  are 
clusi'Iy  alikf  in  ajtpcaranci',  Imt  rcMpiirc  roiiiparisdii. 

TliL'  iMjiiiparisoii  of  llic  lai'j,^'  j:,ciurii  given  occusion  to  iho 
followiii}:^  remarks  : —  . 

In  tlio   fjciK'ni    IjiiiiiinJtIn  and    Llinno}ihiln  the   sprcios  witli 


seem  ti)  lie  iiKii'e  aliiindaiit  in  Kuroj 


tiulricDid    Selium. 


II  i( 


luuidsDiiiely  l»ictured  u  lIh 

Tiit^  sjn'cies  Liiniiiibla   /lariiirs  Me 

ciihixn   ^[.,   viip'opuiH'IdId    Scliiiiii.,    and    similar  (Hies,    liavt; 

correspoiidiiix    representative.- 

remark    applies   to   the    suIj.um 


)0. 

he- 
no 


in    North    America. 


TI 


le   same 


iius    l'(irili)sl(ild    Sehiner   (I, 


iinuo- 


liliila),   represented    hy  lour   species   in   (iermany,   and   not  dis- 
covered yet  in  North  America. 

In  the  {jenus  I'Jn'oji/crd  1  am   not   iiware  of  the  oceurrence  in 
Kiiroi)e  of  the  sidm'cnera  MifDi-iihliond  ().  S.  luid  Jcii/i/ionu  O.  S.; 


however  the  European  Krid/Jmi'  arc  vci'V  imperlcctly  classided. 
If  my  lindted  knowledge  prcvcirs  me  Irom  pusliin<i' very  far 
the  comparison  of  the  North  American  with  the  Knropcan  fauna, 
I  liave  still  less  means  lor  a  comparison  with  the  faunas  of  tho 
other  parts  of  the  world.  Almost  nothiiiii'  is  known  aliont  them; 
tho  scanty  facts  in  our  pos,-<cssion  will  lie  mentioned,  however,  in 
the  respective  sections  and  genera. 


8.  On  the  specica  of  Xor/h  Aiucriinn  Tii'i  i.iD.i:  iu!K\'ii'AI.I'I  (in- 
cluding the  C'i/liii(Jr(it()iiuiia  and  Plijtli<>i,trriiui),  di  f(ribcd  in 
foriiHT  2>Kblicali(ins. 

Forty-four  Tipulidif  conu'iig  witliiii  tl  e  scojic  of  the  present 
volume  have  been  enumerated  in  my  CdUiUxpii'  of  Ihc  ha^cnbi'd 
Dipte.ra  of  North  America,  Washington,  1858.  Omitting  two 
colleetiou-uames  of  Mr.  Harris,  which  had  never  been  published 


„ljl'',    .,»,, 


40 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMKIUCA. 


[part  IV. 


M      ■:  f 


"111 


mil  ;1    |:i 


If! 


-:i 


111',,   '1 


l)ef<»i'o,  and  fivo  ppccies  from  tlic  West  Iiulios  and  Mexico,  thirty- 
seven  species  remain.      These  are  : — 

1.  EriopU'va  calipln'd  Say,  described  below  under  the  same 
name. 

2.  Erioptern  foticipoDn'x  Zetl. ;  a  Bhypholophna,  closely  allied 
to  I{.  inil)i/ii!<,  l)iit  apparently  distinct;  unknown  to  me;  its  de- 
scription i.><  reproduced  in  the  Apjmndix  I. 

o.  I'i'dicia  (ilb)vi(ta  Walk,  is  described  below  under  the  same 
name. 

4.  Limnohm  nrqtis  Say  =  Trochohola  nrrpis  (coni]>.  below). 

5.  Limnobia  hadia  Walk.  =i>/r'?'a»o??i^m  badia  (conip.  below), 
fi.    Limnobia  bifcrmiimta  Walker  {Dipt.  Hattnd.  X,  p.  4;JT), 

according^  to  the  author's  descripfion,  has  two  subniar<rinal  and 
five  ]iosterior  cells;  the  lir.st  submarginal  with  a  ve;'y  short 
petiole;  the  praM'urca  rectangular  i>ear  its  orifrin,  etc.  I  know 
of  no  species  to  which  this  description  can  be  applied  ;  it  suggests 
L.  IttfdpoDiiif,  but  this  species  is  three  lines  long,  and  not  six, 
the  antciuiie  are  not  tawny  at  the  basis,  the  wings  are  not 
"grayish,"  l)ut  brownish;  the  second  marginal  cell  has  not  a 
short,  b"it  a  long  petiole;  the  third  vein  does  not  form  a  very 
0>>iuse  angle  near  its  basis.  ^loreovev  there  is  a  contradiction 
in  Mr.  Walker's  description;  the  diagnosis  says  "abdomen  bnsi 
fulvum;"  the  deserii)tion  on  the  contrary  has:  "abdomen  tawny 
at  the  tip."  This  description  is  reproduced  at  the  end  of  this 
volume. 

7.  Limnobia  cona  Walk.  I  have  seen  the  origimd  of  tiiis 
species  at  the  British  Museum  and  took  it  for  S>/niplc(ia  pundi- 
])cnnis.  I  overlooked  at  that  time  ^Nfr.  Walker's  statements 
about  the  dilferences  between  these  two  .species  (List,  etc.  1,  ]). 
4!t).  Nevertheless  th(\so  statements  are  not  (juitc  clear,  and 
woidd  not  influence  my  opinion  in  the  absence  of  the  original 
specimen. 

8.  Limnojihila  oarbonaria  Macq.  is  a  species  unknown  to  me, 
the  descrintion  of  which  is  reproduced  at  the  end  of  this  volume. 

{).  Limnobia  vindipcs  Say  is  described  below  under  the  same 
name. 

10.  Limnobia  confcrmina  Walk,  is  probably  a  variety  of 
Pi'.divia  albiiilfa  (compare  this  species). 

1 1.  Limnobia  fa^cipcnnis  Say  =  Epiphragvia  fascipcnnis. 


'liii; 


INTllODLCTION. 


41 


12.  liharuphidia  jlavipcs  Macq.  is  described  below  under  this 


iiaiiie. 

];j.  Limnohia  gracilis  Wied.  is  either  a  Limnophila  or  an 
Amalopis,  distinguished  by  its  large  size  (7  lines)  and  its  abdo- 
men being  inuei»  longer  than  tiie  wings.  The  description  of  this 
si)ecies  is  reproduced  in  the  Appendix  to  this  volume. 

14.  lAmnobia  Inimvralix  Say;  a  Limnophihi.  I  would  in- 
cline to  the  opinion  of  Wiedemann  and  consider  this  species 
as  synonymous  with  [j.  Icunipvfi  oay,  if  in  a  copy  of  Wiedemann's 
Wink  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  in  Philadelphia  I  had 
not  found  a  marginal  note,  in  Say's  handwriting,  positively  deny- 
ing this  synonymy.  Say  describes  only  a  female ;  the  venation 
is  the  same  as  that  of  toiiiiprs,  ami  altogether  the  resemblance 
of  the  two  species  must  bo  very  great.  I  reproduce  the  descrip- 
tion of  L.  Jiumeralis  in  the  Appendix. 

1  a.  Limnohia  ignobilis  Walk.  (Dipt.  Saun<L)  has  the  venation 
like  ]\Icigen,  Tab.  VI,  fig.  5,  that  is,  a  single  subnmrginal  cell ; 
there  is  a  stump  of  a  vein  near  the  origin  of  the  pra-furca.  I 
know  of  no  such  si)ecies.  The  description  will  be  reproduced 
in  tlic  Api)ondix  to  this  volume. 


K'l.  Limnubi 


)hila 


(c 


viacroccra  feay  =  Limnopliila  macrot 
below). 

n.  Limnohia  2Womincns  V^nWi.  is  very  probably  i^/ia??ij»/a(//a 
Jlavipoi  Macq. 

IS.  Limnohia  7-iro!<a  of  Fabricius'  Fauna  (inrnlnndica  is 
prol)ably  Pcdivia  alhiviUa,  which  is  indeed  very  like  the  European 
J'cdicia  7'ivoiia. 

H).  Limnohia  rodrata  &ay  =  Geranomijia  rodrata  (comp. 
below). 

20.  Ijimnohia  tdmulans  Walk.  ^  Dieranomyia  dcfuncta  ().  S. 
I  have  seen  the  original  at  the  Urilish  ^Museum,  an  old  and  faded 
specimen.  Mr.  Walker  describes  the  species  as  "pale  yi^llow, 
legs  yellow,  tips  of  thighs,  of  the  shanks  and  of  the  feet  black ;'' 
whereas,  in  reality,  the  body  is  blackish,  the  legs  are  dark  brown, 
almost  black,  with  a  white  band  before  the  t'p,  etc. 

21.  Ijimnohia  tcnuipcs  iS<i.iy  =  Liiunoj  uila  tcni(i])cs  (comp. 
below). 

22.  Ijimnohia  (in'pis  Walk.  {Dipt.  Sniind.).  Venation  like 
!Meig.  Tab.  V,  fig.  5,  that  is,  a  single  sul)niarginal  cell  and  five 
posterior  cells.     All  the  known  Limnobiue  with  a  single  sub- 


;i 


(  , 


'I  t4 


i'  t 


if « 


i,f" 


I! 


'      II, 


n-::ll 


!■       -■!! 


i  iiil 


»;ii 


■■  i;;i; 


:-.^f 


42 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


m}iri;-inal  cell  have  four  posterior  cells,  and  tliere  is  only  one  ex- 
ception to  tiiis  rule  :  CyUiulruluma  dit^linciissinia  and  its  vicarious 
>i'ortli  American  I'lirni — C.  Amerivana;  Meigen's  figure  represents 
the  wing  of  the  former.  Therefore  Mr.  AValker'.s  desciiption  must 
either  refer  to  some  !?i)eeies  entirely  unknijwn  to  me,  or  more  pro- 
bably, the  statement  about  its  wings  being  like  Meigen,  Tab.  V, 
fig.  5,  must  be  erroneous.  Moreover,  the  name  L.  turpi)^  cannot 
be  retained,  as  Mr.  Walker  himself  has  described  another  L. 
lurpi^  in  the  Inxvcla  Jlrilannica,  JJiplcra,  Vol.  HI,  p.  aoO,  in 
the  same  year  I85G.  The  description  is  given  in  the  Appendix 
to  this  volume, 

2;{.  LnntiobiorJnjncJuis  canadensis  Wcstw.  ==  Gcranomijia 
canadensis  (conip.  below) 

24.  Anisomera  longicornis  Walk.  =  Eriocera  longicornis 
(coinp.  below). 

25.  Chionea  aspera  Walk.  =  Chionea  valga  Harris  (comp. 
below). 

20.  Chionea  scit  a  Walk.;  unknown  to  me  ;  the  description  is 
reproduced  in  the  Appendix. 

27.  Chionea  valga  Harris,  described  below  under  the  same 
name. 

2H.  Trichocerabimacida    Walk.    [  The  descriptions  of  these 

SO.  Trichocera  qracihs  \S\x\k.       I    somewhat  dou))tful  species 

30.  Trichorera  brumabs  Vitch.    ^    are  reproduced  in  the  A p- 

31.  Trichocera  scutellaia  Say.  l^*^"^^'"^  ^  5  compa.->  also  the 

[    genus  Tnehocera. 

32.  Trichocera  macidipennis  Mcig. ;  a  European  species  said 
to  occur  in  Greenland,  according  to  Sta?ger. 

33.  Trichocera  regelatioms  Lin.  ;  also  a  Eu -opean  species, 
quoted  by  Otto  Fabricius,  as  occurring  in  Greenland,  which 
rccpiires  confirmation. 

34.  Gijnoplistia  annulata  Wcstw.  I  have  seen  the  original 
specimen  in  Mr.  Hope's  collection  at  Oxford,  and  have  never  met 
with  any  other.  Mr.  Westwood's  description  is  reproduced  in 
Appendix  I. 

35.  Biltacomorpha  clavipes  is  described  below  under  the  same 
name. 

30,  ST.  Ptijchoptera  metallica  Walk,  and  quadrifasciata  Say 
are  unknown  to  mt ;  their  descriptions  will  be  found  in  the 
Appendix. 


INTRODUCTION. 


43 


Sinoo  the  publication  of  my  CalahKjuc,  etc.,  a  Limnohin  ni<jri- 
vola  Waliv.  lias  been  described  in  the  Trana.  Load.  Entoin.  Soa. 
\,  N.  S.  pt.  VII,  p.  CU.  It  is  apparently  my  Gnophoiinjia 
lui-tiiosa. 

Tlic  result  of  the  foregoing  examination  is  the  following : — 
Omitting  the  six  species  of  tlie  genus  'rrichocera,  which  re(pnrcs 
an  eiitin^  revision,  eleven  s[)ecies,  among  the  thirty-two  which  have 
been  (lescril)ed,  have  not  been  identified  ;  of  these  six  or  seven, 
liecause  they  have  not  Ijcen  among  the  number  of  species  which 
I  have  had  for  examination:  Limnophila  carbonaria  Macq.  ; 
Gijnoplii'tia  annulala  Westw.  ;  EJi ijjjliolophus  fat^cipennis  Zi'tt.  ; 
Limnubia  (/racilis  Wied.  ;  Plycluijdi'ra  quadrifnsciata  Say  and 
metallica  Walk.  ;  Chionea  sctla  Walker  may  perhaps  be  added 
to  the  number.  The  four  remaining  s))ccies  (L.  hinneraliti  Say, 
hUcrminala,  igtKjbiliti,  and  iurpix  Walker)  have  not  I)een  iden- 
tified on  account  of  the  insuHiciency  of  the  descriptions. 


^'V  'l 


1  r  '  '■"■  si'  • 


44 


DIl'TKHA  OF  NOKTII  AMERICA. 


[PAUT  IV. 


H;      .* 


W.i.      ^1! 


ii  11    , :   :«!• 


Ij  1  111 


f 
I 

I 

L 


n 


TABLE  FOR  DETERMINING  THE  GENERA.' 

Two  loimitudiiial  veins  liL'twt'en  the  lil'tli  vein  and  the  posterior 
niiii'uin.  2 

Only  one  loniritndin.il  vein  between  the  (Ifth  vein  anil  tlie  posterior 
iiiiirgin:  Tab.  11.  (li,'.  i:i  and  '20  (Sect.  Vlli.  Ptychopterina).    45 

Last  joint  of  the  i)alpi  siioiler  or  not  niuili  longer  than  the  two  pre- 
ceiling  joints  taken  toszeiber;  the  anxiliary  vein  nsnaliy  ends 
in  tiie  I'osta,  Jind  is  e<inn(;cte(l  with  tlie  lirst  longitudinal  vein 
by  a  cross-Vein.  3 

Last  Joint  of  the  [lalpi  veiy  loni;,  whiplash-shaped,  niueh  longer  than 
the  three  precedini,'  joints  taken  together  ;  the  aiixili.ury  vein  ends 
in  the  lirst  lonuitndiiial  vein  ;  no  cross-vein  bi'tween  it  and  either 
of  the  two  Veins  rnnning  alongside  of  it  {Tijitilidw  loiiyipal/ii). 

A  singlt>  snbniaiginal  cell  ;^  Tab.  I,  lig.  1-13.  4 

Two  subinaiginal  cells  ;'  Tab.  1,  lig.  l4-2tt,  and  Tab.  II,  fig.  1-18.       6 


'  This  table  contains  all  the  known  European  and  ^^orth  American 
genera  of  thi^  eitiht  lirst  sections  <it  the  Tifniluliv ;  the  table  for  the  follow- 
ing sections  ( 7Vyh  limijijKi/in)  will  be  apjiended  to  the  volume  treating 
of  them.  In  using  dichotoniical  tablijs  it  should  always  be  remembered 
tliat  to  construct  tliem  in  such  a  way  as  to  meet  all  cases,  to  include  all 
the  anomalous  structures,  is  im])ossilile,  and  if  it  were  possible,  it  would 
1)8  only  through  the  use  of  anatomical  characters,  which  would  defeat  thq 
object  in  view,  the  facility  of  determination.  Thus,  if,  in  order  to  aecommo- 
date  i'/tloueii,  we  liad  abstained  from  the  use  of  any  character  connected 
with  tlie  wings,  we  would  i)erhaj)s  have  rendered  the  table  more  precise, 
but  certainly  less  iisefiil.  As  it  is,  Chioiii'd,  altliough  wingless,  is  placed 
among  the  genera  provided  with  two  submarginal  cells,  where  it  belongs. 
These  im])erfectioiis  of  the  dichotoniical  tables  occur  especially  in  those 
portions  of  them  which  refer  to  the  l;irger  divisions  ;  as  soon  as  the  genera 
and  species  are  reached,  more  precision  can  be  expected,  although  even 
there  it  can  never  be  absolute. 

2   To.rnrrhina  has  none  at  all. 

»  Chiilolijifs  has  only  a  single  submarginal  cell,  although  it  belongs  to 
this  division. 


TABLE  FOR  DETERMINING  THE  OENERA. 


45 


r 
I 

7^ 


10- 


l,f 


12 


Antenii.T  14-  (sometimes  apparently  15-)  jointed  (Sectic.n  I.  Limno- 

bina).  !) 

Aiitt'iinn'  lO-jointed.'  S 

The  first  loiigitinliiial  vein  ends  in  the  costa ;  tibi.T)  without  spurs  at 

the  tip  (Section  II.  Limnobina  anomala).  13 

Tlie  lirst   longitudinal  vein  is  usually  iiifurveil  towards  the  second 

and  ends  in  it;  tihia>  always  with  spurs  at  the  tip  (Section  Vli. 

Cylindrotomina).  43 

Tibia'  without  spurs  at  the  tip  (Section  III.  Eriopterina).  22 

Tihi.'P  with  spurs  at  the  tip.'^  7 

Subcostal  cross-vein  posterior  to  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal 

vein.  8 

Subcostal  cross-vein  anterior  to  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal 

vein;  Tab.  II,  fig.  14-ls  (Section  VI.  Amalopina).  38 

Antenna?  Ki-jointed  (Section  IV.  Limnophilina).  32 

Antenme  from  G-  to  10-joiuted  (Section  V.  Anisomerina).  35 

Section  I.  Limnobina. 

Proboscis  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax  taken  together. 

Gen.  II.  Gehanomyia. 
Proboscis  not  longer  than  the  head.  10 

Antenn;e  pei'tinate  or  subpectinate.  Gen.  III.   Riiiimdia. 

AntenniO  of  the  ordinary  structure.  11 

A  cross-vein  unites  the  sixth  and  the  seventh  longitudinal  veins. 

Gen.  V.  Tuociionor.A. 
No  cross-vein  between  the  sixth  and  tlie  seventh  longitudinal  veins.  12 
The  forceps  of  the  male  consists  of  two  movable  lleshy  lobes  ;  tip  of 
the  auxiliary  vein  usually  opposite,  or  anterior,  or  only  a  short 
distance  posterior  to  the  origin  of  the  second  vein  ;  marginal 
cross-vein  always  at  .  le  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  feet 
slender.  Gen.  I.  Uickanomyia. 

The  forceps  of  the  male  consists  of  two  horny  hooks  ;  tip  of  the  aux- 
iliary vein  usually  far  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  vein  ; 
marginal  cross-vein  sometimes  at  the  tip,  but  often  some  distance 
before  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  feet  comparatively 
stout.  Gen.  IV.  Limnohia. 


'■■'    'f»J 


v^ '  i  t  's 


1 

t 

f 

:i- '' 

r 

> 

I 

1 

f\} 

11 

V 

«  '   \ 

V, 

4 

1 

•••:.. 


^:.m 


'',   f 


'  In  Klifiliontoiiii/in  the  antennae  are  15-,  in  Tosorrhina  12  jointed  ;  '.n 
both  cases  through  the  evident  coalescence  of  several  joints  at  the  basis 
of  the  flagelhun  ;  but  as  both  genera  have  a  rostrum  which  is  nearly  as 
long  as  the  body,  they  will  not  easily  be  mistaken. 

2  The  spurs  being  sometimes  very  small,  the  tibi?;  have  to  be  very 
closely  examined. 
5 


■%1 


46 


DIPTEllA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  TV, 


■„:l:.il 


13 


"1 


15 


IG 


17 


18. 


19 


20^ 


21 


Section  II.   Limnobii.a  anomala. 

Rostrum  conspicuously  prolonged,  at  least  aa  long  as  the  head,  some- 
times nearly  as  long  as  the  whole  body ;  no  marginal  cross-vein 
(Subsection  Jilidwjiliidinu).  1-t 

Rostrum  shorter  than  the  head.  1(J 

Wings  without  submarginal  cell ;  Tab.  I,  fig.  6. 

Gen.  VIII.   ToxoKKHKVA. 

Wings  with  a  submarginal  cell.  15 

Rostrum  not  much  longer  than  the  head.  Gen.  VI.  Ruamphiuia. 

Rostrum  not  much  shorter  thau  the  who^e  body. 

Geu.  VII.  Elbpbantomyia. 

Discal  cell  open.  17 

Discal  cell  closed.  19 

Second  basal  cell  considerably  shorter  than  the  first,  the  great  cross- 
vein  beiug  placed  about  the  middle  of  the  wing.  18 

Second  basal  cell  of  about  the  same  hnigth  with  the  first,  the  great 
cross-V"in  being  in  its  usual  position  ;  Tab.  I,  tig.  It 

Gen.  XI.  Elliptera. 

The  discal  cell  being  open,  is  coalescent  with  the  second  posterior 
cell ;  Tab.  I,  fig.  9.  Gen.  X.  Orimarga. 

The  discal  cell  being  open,  is  coalescent  with  the  third  posterior  cell. 

Gen.  XV.  Thaumastoptera. 

No  vestige  of  a  marginal  cross-vein ;  Tab.  I,  fig.  13. 

Gen.  XIII.  Atarba. 

Marginal  cross-vein  extant  (although  sometimes  weakly  marked).     20 

The  first  longitudinal  vein  ends  in  the  costa  nearly  opposite  the  inuer 
end  of  the  submarginal  cell,  or  very  little  beyond  it.  21 

The  first  longitudinal  vein  ends  in  the  costa  very  far  beyond  the  inner 
end  of  the  submarginal  cell,  the  distance  being  about  equal  to 
the  breadth  of  the  wing ;  Tab.  I,  fig.  8.      Gen.  IX.  Dicranoptycha. 

Submarginal  cell  as  long  or  but  little  longer  than  the  first  posterior 
cell ;  Tab.  1,  fig.  12  Gen.  XIV.  Teicuolabis. 

Submarginal  cell  much  longer  than  the  first  posterior  cell ;  Tab.  I, 
fig.  11.  Gen.  XII.  Antocha. 


Section  III.  Eriopterina. 


22 


(  No  wings. 

(  Wings  present. 

<  Five  posterior  cells. 


"'our  posterior  cells. 


Gen.  XIX.  Cqionea. 

23 

Gen.  XXVI.  Cladpra. 

24 


24 


/  The  inner  marginal  cell  has  the  shape  of  an  almost  equilateral  tri- 

'  o.i»l..  .    T„i,     IT    fl^    11  n vvTT     n „.  .  „.o. 


angle  ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  11 


Gen.  XXV. 


The  inner  marginal  cell  has  the  usual  elongated  shape. 


Cryptolabis. 
25 


ivili 


TABLE  FOR  DETERMINING  THE  GENERA. 


47 


25. 


26 


271 


29 


30 


31 


Wings  conspicuously  hairy  on  the  whole  surface  or  along  the 
veins.  2G 

Wings  not  conspicuously  hairy  on  the  surface,  veins  glabrous,  or 
almost  MO.  *  27 

Wings  conspicuously  hairy  on  the  whole  surface. 

UeU.  XVI.    RllYPHOLOPHUS. 

Wings  conspicuously  hairy  along  the  veius  and  not  in  the  cells. 

Gen.  XVII.  ^Ckiopteka. 

The  first  submarginal  cell  is  remarkably  short,  half  as  long  as  the 
second  or  less  ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  2,  -4.  28 

The  first  submarginal  cell  is  much  longer  than  half  the  length  of  the 
second.  29 

Marginal  cross-vein  wanting.  Gen.  XXIII.  Gonmomyia. 

Marginal  cross-vein  present.  Gen.  XXIV.  Empeda. 

The  distance  between  the  subcostal  cross-vein  and  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vsin  is  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  great 
cross-vein.  30 

The  distance  between  the  subcostal  cross-vein  and  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  is  moderate  or  small  (usually  not  more  than  the 
length  of  the  great  cross-vein).  31 

Seventh  longitudinal  vein  straight ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  1. 

Gen.  XVIII.  Trimicba. 

Seventh  longitudinal  vein  conspicuously  bisinuated ;  Tab.  I,  fig.  20. 

Gen.  XX.  Symplecta. 

Body  uniformly  black.  Gen.  XXI.  Gnophomyia. 

Body  black,  scutellum  and  pleurae  marked  with  yellow.' 

Gen.  XXII.  Psilocoxopa. 


32 1 


3?. 


34 


Section  IV.  Limnophilina. 
Wings  p  bescent.  Gen.  XXIX.  Ulomorpha. 

Wings  gl  brous.  33 

Seventh  I  jngltudinal  vein  very  short,  abruptly  incurved  towards  the 

anal  ingle ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  13.  Gen.  XXX.  Tkiciiocera. 

T'le  seventh  longitudinal  vein  follows  the  ordinary  course.  34 

A   supernumerary  cross-veiu  between   the  auxiliary  vein  and   the 

costu.  Gen.  XXVII.  Epiphragma. 

No  supernumerary  cross-vein    between  the  auxiliary  vein  and  the 

costa.  Gen.  XXVIII.  Limnopuila. 


Section  V.  Anlsomerina. 

OR  (  Three  posterior  cells. 

V  Four  or  five  posterior  cells. 


36 
37 


'  I  am  not  sufficiently  acquainted  with  the  European  genus  Psiloconopa 
to  distinguish  it  from  fine-  homijia  in  a  satisfactory  manner ;  the  distinction 
given  here  's  merely  empi     al.    (Compare  their  descriptions  below.) 


K 


r 


Ml 


''I 

i 


¥ 
m : 


iH-'    ii 


m:     I'li! 


"lit 

■V'i! 


48 


DIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


gc  /  A  single  BiiLmarginal  cell  Gen.  XXXII.  Cladolipes. 

(Two  subuinrginal  cellH  ;  T^b.  II,  Up.  12.  Gen.  XXXI.   Anibomera. 

'  The  stigma  occupies  nearly  the  whole  space  between  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  and  the  marginal  cross-vein  ;  pubescence  of  the 
wing-veins  hardly  perceptible.  Gen.  XXXIII.  PIeiocera. 

Tho  stigma  occupies  but  a  small  portion  of  the  space  between  the  tip 
of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  the  marginal  cross-vein ;  pubescence 
of  the  wing-veins  distinct.  Gen.  XXXIV.  Penthoptera. 


37 


'36  I 
39  { 

40 


Section  VI.  Amalopina. 
Antennae  16-  or  17-jointed. 
Autennje  13-jointed. 
Four  posterior  colls  ;  wings  pubescent. 
Five  posterior  cells  ;  wings  glabrous. 


Gen.  XXXVII. 


39 

-n 

Ula. 
40 


41 


42 1 


The  small  cross- vein  is  nearly  at  right  angles  with  the  longitudinal 
axis  of  the  wing  ;  last  joint  of  the  palpi  not  longer  than  the  two 
preceding  joints  taken  together.  Gen.  XXXV.  Amalopis. 

The  small  cross-vein  is  in  a  very  oblique  direction  with  regard  to  the 
longitudinal  axis  of  the  wing,  and  in  one  line  with  the  great 
cross-vein  ;  last  joint  of  the  palpi  longer  than  the  three  preceding 
joints  taken  together.  Gen.  XXXVI.  Pedicia. 

Two  cross-veins  between  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  'he  anterior 
branch  of  the  second  vein ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  IG. 

Gen.  XXXVIII.  Dicranota. 

Only  one  cross-vein  between  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  the  an- 
terior branch  of  the  second  vein.  42 

Four  posterior  cells ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  18.  Gen.  XXXIX.  I'lecteomyia. 

Five  posterior  cells ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  17.  Gen.  XL.  Ru^puidolabis. 


Section  VII.  Cylindrotomina. 
/  Kead  and  intervals  of  the  thoracic  stripes  with  dense,  deep  punctures. 


4,\ 

X.  Head  smooth. 


Gen.  XLII. 


Tkiooma. 
44 


. .  (  Coloring  of  a  Pacliyrhina :  yellow  and  black.    Gen.  XLI.  Cylindrotoma. 
(  Coloring  of  a  ri/jiJa:  brownish  and  grayish.  Gen.  XLIII.  Phalacbocera. 


Section  VIII.  Ftychopterina. 

•  First  submarginal  cell  much  shorter  than  the  second. 

Gen.  XL VI.  Protoplasa. 
.  Second  submarginal  cell  much  shorter  than  the  first.  46 

.„  i  Three  posterior  cells  ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  20.        Gen.  XLV.  Bittacomorpha. 


< 


(  Four  posterior  cells ;  Tab.  II,  fig.  19. 


Gen.  XLIV.  Ptychoptera. 


(!  '■^■Mi 


-■,!i 


liiW.' 


SYSTEMATIC  DISTUIBUTION  OF  THE  TIVVLWJE. 


49 


SYSTEMATIC  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  TIPULID.E.' 

I.  TIPTILIDvE  BREVIPALPI. 

A.  A  uingle  submarginal  cell. 

1.  Antennae  14-,  sometimes  apparently  15-jointed. 

Section  I.   LIMNOBINA. 
Oen.    I.  Dicraiioinyia.  Gen.  IV.  Liinnobia. 

Gen.   II.  <;craiioinyia.  Gen.  V.  Trocliobola. 

Gen.  III.  Uhipidia. 

Gen.  J'eriphci'Optera  Schin.  (d.  Amer.). 

2.  Antenme  l(!-jointed. 

Section  II.   LIMNOBINA  ANOMALA. 
(Subsection  Rhumphidina.)  Gen.       X.   Ol'illiarga* 

Gen.    VI.  Khaiuphidia.  Gen.     XI.  Elliptera. 

Gen.  VII.  Elepliautoinyia.    Gen.  XII.  Aiitoclia. 
Gen. VIII.  Toxorrliina.  Gtn. XIII.  Atarba. 

Gen.  XIV.  Teiicholabis. 

Gen.    IX.  Dicranoptyclia.     Gen.  XV.  Tliaiiniastoptera. 
Genera:  St(/i'inffinn!/la  Loew  (in  a'nber  and  copal)  and 
l*ai'at ropenil  ScLin.  (Mexico,  S.  America). 

B.  Two  submarginal  cells. 

1.  Jso  spurs  at  the  tip  of  the  tibiie. 

Section.  III.   ERIOPTERINA. 
Gen.    XVI.  Khypliolophus.     Gen.  XXII.  Psiloconopa. 

<>oiiioiiiyia. 


Gen.  XVII.  Eiioptera. 
Gen.XVIu.  Triiuicra. 


Gen.  XXIH. 
Gen.  XXIV. 
Gen.  XXV. 
Gen.  XXVI. 


Eiiipoda. 

Cryptolabis. 

Cladura. 


Gen.     XIX.  Cliioiieaa 
Gen.      XX.  "  yiiiplecta. 
Gen.     XXI.  (>iioplioiiiyia. 

Geneva.  Sif/inutomera  0.  S.  (Mexico)  and 
i'/)La(;/ino(eia  Phil.  (Chile). 

'  Besides  the  Kuropean  and  North  Atnerican  genera,  this  table  mentions 
the  other  genera  hitherto  described  ;  they  are  priiiti-d  in  italics  and  not 
numbered.  Most  of  them  I  have  not  examined,  and  have  no  opinion 
about  their  value.  Those,  the  position  of  which  in  the  section  where  they 
are  placed,  is  doubtful,  are  marked  with  a  (^uery. 
4     June,  1868. 


m  '-mm 


If 


J; 
IIHIllI 


.(;:ii 


hi.      :l.(l 


'■'  '1 


im 


iitl  ^'4 


V'  -^kI! 


fiO 


DlPTKllA  OP  NOUTH  AMKIUCA. 


[part  IV. 


2.  Tibia*  with  npurs  at  the  tip. 

«.  Subcostal  cToas-vein  posterior  to  the  origin  of  the  second 
longitudiuul  vein. 

a.  Normal  uuuiber  of  the  antennal  joints  sixteen. 

Section  IV.   LIMNOPHILINA- 

Gen.  XXVII.  EpipliraRina.         Uen.  XXIX.  Uloniorplia. 
Gen.  XXVIII.  I.iiiinopliila.  Gen.   XXX.  Trichocera. 

Genera:  (Mf/noplintiu  Westw.  (Australia,  America),  Cloiiiop/iora 

Sfhin.  (Australia),  Cerosodia  Westw.  (Australia),  Cteilonia 

Phil.  (Chile),  ? rolyiuotkl  Phil.  (Chile). 

B.  Normal  number  of  antennal  joints  from  six  to  ten. 

Section  V.  ANISOMERINA. 

Gen.    XXXI.  Aiiiaoiiiera.  (U-n.  XXXIII.  Eriocera. 

Gen.   XXXII.  CladolipeN.  Gen.  XXXIV.  Peutlioptera. 

Genera;  I'^vaniopfcra  (iuer.  (S.  America),  I*tet'ocoMimi.t  Walk. 
(Asia),  Ofif/onifi'd  Dolesuh.  (Java),  Pfii/seer/tiiia  lUgot 
(Madagascar),  A'.  />'. — All  these  genera  are  closely  allied  to  Erio- 
cera, some  of  them  probably  synonymous  with  it. 

b.  Subcostal  cross-vein  anterior  to  the  origin  of  the  second 
longitudinal  vein. 

Section  VI.  AMALOPINA. 

Gen.     XXXV.  Aiiialopis.        Gen.XXXVIII.  Dicranota. 
(Jen.    XXXVI.  Pedicia.  Gen.   XXXIX.  Plectroiiiyia. 

Gen.  XXXVil.  Ula.  Gen.  XL.  Rliaphidolabis. 

Genus  ?  Polymera. 

II.  TIPULIDvE  IXCERT.E  SEDIS. 

Section  VII.   CYLINDROTOMINA. 

Gen.    XLI.  Cyliiiflrotoiua.     Gen.XLIII.  Pbalacrocera. 
Gen.  XLII.  Triogiua. 

Section  VIII.   PTYCHOPTERINA. 

Gen.  XLIV.  Ptyclioptera.         Gen.  XLVI.  Protoplasa. 
Gen.  XLV.  Bittacomorpha. 

Genus  Tauyderus  Phil.  (Chile). 

III.  TIPULID.E  LOXGIPALPI. 


LIMNOBINA. 


51 


Section  I.  LIMNOBINA. 


One  aubmarginal  cell ;  four  posterior  cells.  .Normal  number  of  antennal 
joints  fourteen  (somt'times  apparently  fifteen).  Kyes  glabrous.  Tibi;o 
without  spurs  at  the  tip.  Ungues  with  more  or  less  distinct  teeth  ou 
the  under  side.     Knipodia  indistinct  or  none. 

The  group  tlius  chaructonzed  is  natural  and  compact.  It 
rnnipriscs  about  one-fourth  of  the  known  Itrovipalpou.s  Tipuliilx 
of  the  rnitod  States  (35  .species  among  135),  and  it  seems  that 
in  Kurope  nearly  the  same  proportion  obtains  (in  Austria  31 
species  among  127,  according  to  Dr.  Sehiner's  enumeration). 
The  forms  of  this  section,  belonging  to  the  temperate  regions  of 
Europe  and  America  (and  hardly  anything  is  known  about  the 
s])eei('S  from  warmer  climates)  afford  but  little  structural  diversity 
and  their  relationship  is  so  great  and  evident  that  one  is  almost 
more  tempted  to  unite  them  all  in  one  genus  than  to  subdivide 
them  in  several. 

Tiie  Limnobina,  together  with  the  Limnophilina,  constituted 
the  bulk  of  the  genus  Limnobia  in  Meigen's  sense.  These  two 
groups  also  very  nearly  correspond  to  the  first  subdivision  of 
Meigen's  genus  by  Macquart,  in  Limnobia  Macq.  and  Limno- 
phila  Macq.  Thus,  we  may  look  upon  these  two  groups  as  the 
representative  ones  of  the  brevipalpous  TipuUdse.  It  was  the 
great  similiiude  of  their  outward  appearance,  more  than  anything 
else,  which  caused  the  .species  belonging  to  them  to  remain  united 
together  in  the  same  genus  from  Meigen's  time  up  to  that  of  the 
latest  publications,  whereas  genera  like  Ehipidia,  EhamphiiUa, 
Erioptera,  Anisomera,  Pedivia,  etc.,  were  singled  out  and  sepa- 
rated quite  early,  not  on  account  of  any  real  knowledge  of  the 
peculiarities  of  their  organization,  l)ut  merely  on  the  ground  of 
some  one  conspicuous  character  distinguishing  them.  And  yet, 
the  contrast  of  characters,  presented  by  the  Limnobina  and  the 
Limnophilina  is  very  great  and  extends  to  almost  every  portion 


\       .f 'Tilt      •'   I   * 


t 


m 


68 


DIl'TKIlA  <IK  NOKTII  AMKIlIl'A. 


[PAIIT  IV. 


of  tlit'ir  or^iiiiiziitioii.     This  cdiilriist  is  cxprL'sstd  m  tlio  lulluw. 
iiig  tvvu  ctdniiiii.s  : — 


Liiiiiii>/>liilii((i, 

Kpintotn.'i    gtiiM'i'ally    tniimvertie 
(liroailui'  tliaii  lon^). 

Fl.'ibs  of  laliluiii  liioail  and  flosliy, 
AiitiMina'  |ii-j(>inttM|. 
Two  suliiiiaruinal  cfllH. 
Auxiliary  vi-iii  g»'nnriilly  long,  its 
luniig  then  anterior  to  the  inner  end    tip  Imiiii,'  almost  ahfayn  nt-arly  oppo- 
of  tliti  Hubuiarginal  cull.  Hit«  the  inner  end  of  tlie  rtuLiniarLjinal 

cell. 


/Jmnohiiiit, 

Kjilstoina  longer  than  broad, 

Fialts  of  labium  linear,  narrow. 
Antenn.'i'  l-l-Jointed. 
One  snlimarginal  eell. 
Auxiliary  vein  often  sliort,  its  tip 


Tlie    great    cross- vein    is    almost 


The  great  cro-<svt'in  is  very  often 


always  at  the  inner  end  of  the  discal    opposite    the   middle  of   the  di.-iual 
cell,  or  before  it.  l  cell. 


l-'ive  (seldom  four)  posterior  cells. 

Tibia'  with  spurs. 

Ungues  smooth. 

Kmpodia  distini't. 

No  horny,  immovable  style  on  the 


Four  posterior  cells. 

Tibia'  without  spurs  at  the  tip. 

Ungues  dentate  on  the  under  side. 

Kmpodia  indistinct  or  none. 

A    horny,    elongated,    immovable 
style    on    the    under    side   of    the    under  side  of  the  l'orcei>s. 
forceps,  in  the  male. 

Upper    valves    of    the    ovipositor        U])per    valves    of    the    ovipositor 
often  very  short  (especially  in  the    generally  long, 
genus  Dicrnnoiitijia),  \ 

The  teeth  on  he  under  side  of  tlio  uiipjucs  of  the  Limuohina 
soem  to  be  peculiar  to  this  section,  Tiioy  must  not  be  confounded 
with  the  more  or  less  square  or  sharp  projection  on  tiie  under  side 
at  the  very  basis  of  the  ungues,  forming  a  part  of  tlu!  tliiclvening 
wliich  always  exists  there.  The  tooth  of  the  Limnohina,  even 
when  single,  is  distinct  from  this  thickening,  and  placed  before  it 
(outside  of  the  Limnohina,  Anlorha  is  the  only  genus  which 
seems  to  have  something  like  this  tooth).  The  style  on  the  under 
side  of  the  male  forceps  is  also  pccnliar  to  this  group ;  I  have 
observed  something  analogous  to  it  only  among  the  'Tij).  anomalse 
{Dicrannjdycha,  Anluvha). 

The  >iorth  Aitierican  and  European  Limunhina,  as  far  as 
known,  may  be  divided  in  two  natural  groups,  one  of  which  has, 
in  most  cases,  a  short  auxilitvry  vein,  the  marginal  cross-vein 
always  at  the  very  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  the  male 
forceps  formed  of  two  fleshy  lobes  (Du'raiiomyia,  Rhipulia, 
Geranomyia)  ;  the  other  group  has,  with  rare  exceptions,  a  long 


:^,tk 


I>I("IlANt»MVIA. 


f.:3 


niixiliury  vv\u,  llic  marffimil  i-ross-veiii  Ih  sometimes  at  the  tip,  liiit 
iiKiiT  often  at  some  distuiiee  from  the  tip  of  tlie  first  loiigitiKliiiiil 
vein,  and  tlic  male  forceps  consists  of  two  horny  hooks  (Liinnuhia, 
Triirhnhnlti).  lijltli!  is  ivhown  al>out  tlie  forms  of  lAmiKiliina 
iiccidiar  to  the  tnipicul  rc^^ioiis  and  I'orcijrn  to  Miiropc  and  N'nrtii 
America.  'I'Ik;  iirriin  .Musenn»  possesses  several  species  from 
^Mexico  and  |{ra/.il,  willi  a  stipernnmerary  cross-vein  in  tlie  sul)- 
iinirj!;inal  cell  ;  llic  anxiliary  cross-vein  has  its  tip  nearly  opposite 
tlie  (»ri};in  of  the  second  loii^:;itU(linal  vein  ;  the  unffiies  have  slnmuf 
luid  distinct  teeth  ;  the  winj,^s  are  sjxitted.  These  species  will 
form  a  distinct  genus.*  Another,  still  more  alierrant  form  from 
South  America,  is  rei)resented  by  several  species  in  the  sumo 
ninseum.  In  Mr.  Hellardi's  collection,  in  'I'lirin,  I  have  seen  a 
species  from  tin;  Philipiiine  Islands,  remarkalile  for  its  coloring; 
it  is  hhick,  with  smoky  wings;  the  thorax  is  orange  red. 

As  far  as  I  can  judge  from  the  description  of  the  genus  PiTijihe- 
ropfcra  Schiner(  I'lrli.  Zool.  ISot.  Ocs.  etc.  lS(!(i,  p.  !»;>:},  and  Ilci.-ie 
(}.  Sorara,  etc.  Di'iitcra,  p.  47),  it  is  only  a  form  of  iJirranotiujia; 
the  generic  character  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  II. 

Gen.  I.    DIC'RAIVOIflYIA. 

One  subraarginal  cell ;  fonr  posterior  cells  ;  diacal  cell  present  or  absent ; 
marginal  cros.s-Vfin  at  the  tip  of  tlie  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  generally  opposite  or  before  the  origin  of  the  secoiul  longi- 
tudinal vein,  seldom  beyond  it  (wings  of  Dicrnnomijiir,  Tab.  I,  fig,  1,'J,  3). 
Anteinijc  14-jointed,  joints  subglobular,  elliptical,  or  short  subcylindriual. 
Proboscis  not  longer  than  the  head.  Feet  slender,  tibiie  without  sj)urs  at 
the  tip;  enipodia  indistinct  or  none.  The  forceps  of  the  niale  consists  of 
two  movrable,  soft,  fleshy,  subreniform  lobes  and  a  horny  style  under  them 
(Tab.  Ill,  fig.  2,  3,  5). 

Rostrum  subcylindrical,  projecting;  epistoma  longer  than 
broad,  narrowed  at  the  sides;  the  narrow,  linear,  pubescent 
flal)s  of  the  under  lip  project  more  or  less  beyond  it.  In  /). 
roxfn'fera,  rostrum  and  proboscis  arc  nearly  as  long  as  the  head ; 
usually,  however,  they  are  shorter ;  palpi  short.  Kyes  large, 
glabrous,  front  rather  narrow.  The  antenmo  are  comiiarativi^ly 
short,  as  they  do  not  reach  the  root  of  the  wings,  when  bent  back- 
wards ;  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  subglobular  or  elliptical ; 

'  Limnohia  dna  Schiner  {Rrise.  d.  Novara,  Diptera,  p.  4G),  from  Brazil,  is 
apparently  a  species  of  this  kind. 


,:  ^^ 


m- 


I 


lit? 


II  :1  II' lip 


vm 


Pl:--i 


'  'iii 


rt.ii' 


54 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


seldom  short  siibcyliiKlrical  (as  in  IJ.  iinmudeala,  (jladialor) ;  with 
mod(.'ratt'Iy  h)i)g,  (iftcii  incunspicuous  vertici/s  (in  the  two  species 
just  iKiiufd,  l''  v'M'ticils  arc  somewhat  Ijiigor  than  usual).  The 
collar  is  broad,  well  developed,  triangular  at  a  side-view;  with 
a  neck-like  proloniration,  earrying  the  head  ;  thoracic  suture  well 
marked.  The  feet  are  slender,  with  a  very  iiiconspicuous,  almost 
micrnscopic  pubescence,  and,  as  a  general  rule,  of  a  uniform 
coloring.  .Most  of  the  sjiecies  iiave  a  distinct  tooth  on  the  under 
side  of  the  ungues,  near  the  basis,  sometimes  followed  by  a 
snuillcr  one.  In  l>.  dcfunrta,  these  teeth  are  rei)laced  by  a  few 
notches  (ju  the  under  side  of  the  uiigui's.  In  some  species,  as  iu 
D.  Jintrlira,  the  teeth  are  very  small  and  diflicult  to  perceive. 

The  venation  follows  ratiier  closely  a  certain  uniform  type,  and 
but  few  of  the  churaeters  taken  from  it  can  be  used  for  the  dis- 
tinction of  the  species.  Tiic  auxiliary  vein  generally  ends  in  the 
costa  nearly  opposite  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ; 
in  some  sjjecies  it  is  still  shorter  and  ends  before  the  origin  of  the 
second  vein  (IK  rodrifei'a,  brcvivena,  and  Jloridana),  and  it  is 
an  exception  when  it  reaches  considerably  beyond  the  origin  of 
that  vein  {D.  dcfnncta,  pubipenniti,  vara,  globilhorax).  The 
distance  of  the  subcostal  cross-vein  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
vein,  which  is  variable,  aflbrds  good  specific  ch.aracters.  The 
first  long'Midinal  vein  ends  in  the  costa  near  the  posterior  end 
of  the  stigma,  nearly  opposite  the  tip  of  the  fifth  longitudinal 
vein  and  more  or  less  beyond  the  inner  end  of  the  submarginal 
cell ;  often  at  one-third,  at  the  utmost  about  the  middle  of  this 
cell  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  elo.se  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longi- 
tudinal vein  ;  in  most  species,  this  cross-vein  forms  a  nearly 
straight  line  with  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  often, 
however,  the  upper  half  of  this  straight  line  recedes  a  little  back- 
wards and  in  such  cases  it  appears  as  if  the  first  longitudinal  vein 
was  incurved  towards  the  second  and  ended  in  it,  while  the  cross- 
vein  in  such  a  case  .seems  to  connect  the  first  longitudinal  vein 
with  the  costa.  Such  is  the  case  with  D.  p)ubipennis  (Tab.  I, 
fig.  2)  and  y^ch-'hoi-ax ;  sometimes  this  character  is  not  specific, 
but  merely  adventitious.  The  course  of  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  varies  in  the  relative  length  of  the  two  portions  of  this  vein, 
before  and  after  emitting  the  third  vein.  The  inner  portion  or 
the  proefurca  is  remarkably  short  in  those  species  which  have  a 
very  short  au::iliary  vein  (D.  rostrifera,  brevivena,  Jloridana). 


DICRANOMYIA. 


55 


The  submarjrinal  cell  is  always  a  good  deal  longer  than  llic  lir.t 
iiostcrior  cfll ;  llio  relative  j)roportioii  of  tiieir  Iciig'tli  is  siilijcct. 
to  slight  variations.  AVhcn  the  discal  coll  is  open,  whifh  clinrac- 
torizi'S  several  species,  it  coalesces  with  the  second  i)()stcri(ir  ctll, 
in  c()nsc(inence  of  the  absence  of  the  cross-vein,  connecting  iho 
two  first  veins  cinilted  by  it  towards  the  margin  of  the  wing  1>. 
pabijicnuis  (T-dh.  I,  fig.  2)  is  the  oidy  exception  1  know  of.  ti) 
this  rule;  whenever  in  this  species  the  discal  cell  hai)pens  lo  Ik; 
open,  it  coalesces  with  tlm  (bird  posterior  cell,  because  it  is  the 
cross-vein  connecting  the  tiro  last  veins,  emitted  by  the  di.-i;.! 
cell,  which  is  wanting.  As  a  rnle,  the  discal  cell  is  open  in  />. 
imniodcstd,  gladiiitor,  rostrifera,  Jloridana,  loiKjipennis,  lircn- 
vcua  :  it  is  closed  in  D.  diversa,  pudica,  hallerala,  distaiis,  sfn/fa, 
hserelico,  libcrla,  drfuncta,  vara,  humidicola,  morioidcs.  Am(nig 
twenty  specimens  of  I).  pKbipoinis  five  had  the  discal  cell  ()i)en ; 
of  my  two  specimens  of  D.  globit/iorax  one  has  this  cell  oi)en,  the 
other  clos(>d.  JJut  even  in  the  species  which  have  the  discal  cell 
either  open  or  closed  as  a  rule,  occasional  cxcejjtions  occur;  this 
cliaracti  r  is  therefore  not  an  altogether  reliable  one,  and  can  bo 
established  only  upon  the  compari  n  of  a  nundjiT  of  specimens. 
T  iie  shape  of  the  discal  cell  is  more  or  less  square  ;  Its  inner  end 
is  cither  in  a  line  with  the  small  cross-vein,  or  somewhat  arcimted 
and  i)rojecting  on  the  inside  beyond  this  cross-vein.  The  position 
of  the  great  cross-vein  is  generally  in  a  line  with  the  inner  end 
of  the  discal  ceil ;  sometimes  a  little  anterior  or  posterior  to  this 
line  ;   it  varies  in  dilfereiit  specimens  of  the  same  species. 

Tlie  male  forceps  consists  of  a  i)air  of  movable,  flesh}-  lol)es, 
oblong,  often  snlireniform,  each  being  armed  on  the  insidi;  with  a 
short,  curved  horny  ai)pendage,  somewhat  resembling  a  beak  (i 
call  it  r(iftrifi>nn  app<'ndage) ;  it  often  bears  upon  its  convex- 
side  ()n(>  (H"  two  stiff  bristU'jj  (see  Tal).  Ill,  fig.  3  and  5,  (/),  To 
the  upjier  side  of  < ',\c\\  of  th*^  lobes,  another  horny  appendage, 
long,  slender,  attenuated,  curve<l,  is  closely  applied  {falci/hna 
appendage)  ;  its  jioint  of  attachment  is  the  basal  piece  below 
(fig,  ;')  and  .'},  /*).  The  forceps  of />.  humidicola  (fig.  2)  and  that 
of  /  .  lihcrtd  (Tig.  .")),  with  their  full,  njunded  lulies  may  be  con- 
sidered as  typical.  Often,  these  lobes  are  more  slender,  sinmited 
or  excised  on  the  inside,  such  are  for  instance,  those  of  />.  de- 
fiovla  (lig.  1);  or  somewhat  chib-shaped  towards  the  tip,  as  in 
IJ.  Jtit-relica.     lielow  these  lobes,  at  the  end  of  the  body,  ou  the 


m 


:.i:>^' 


■•■r-'-^i;':,^ 


m 


'       i  V 


iff ''  '•; 


'■'1: 


m  ■' 


ill 


!,*.«;• : 


.*• , ;  :A^^^! 

i;.::-'..:'^ 

*:!,.     -i„i 

Ut) 


Dll'TEHA  OF  NORTH   AMKRICA. 


[I'AllT  IV. 


unilci'  si'lc,  is  the  slijlc  (lig.  1  iuid  ;")«,  c  and  fig.  I>,  .-.'),  a  huniy 
proji'('tii)ii,  (.'Iiiirai'toristic  of  this  <j,toiii). 

The  Kuropcaii  species  Vicr.  uiUumnalifi  and  D.  stigmatica 
(placed  l>y  Sta'gcr  in  the  genns  (Jluchina)  siiow  a  remarkable 
Diodilieatiou  in  the  mule  foiX'ep.s.  In  1).  xlKjuinlica  the  Iloshy 
h)lj('s  are  iimeh  larger  than  usual,  and  their  skin  is  a  delicate 
whitish  membrane  (cu.upare  the  ligures  given  by  me  in  the  Stctt. 
Eiitontol.  ZeilKcJir.  1854,  Tab.  1,  lig.  5-7);  their  rostriform 
a])i)endages  are  very  large,  branched,  autler-likc ;  beidw  the 
lobes,  there  is  a  second,  hairy,  coriaceous  forceps;  below  this, 
a  jtair  of  conical  processes,  clothed  with  long  hair  and  jjointing 
towards  each  other;  the  horny  style  is  between  them.  1).  aiitnni- 
nah'.-<  (1.  c.  fig.  (1)  has  these  conical  processes  largely  developed; 
ill  (I  her  respects,  its  forceps  has  the  ordinary  structure. 

'I'lic  ovipositor  of  JHiyanomyia,  among  those  of  the  other 
sections  of  'I'l/ni/idfr,  is  remarkable  for  its  smallness.  The  upper 
valves  are  short,  narrow,  arcuated,  i)ointed  ;  the  lower  ones  are 
.straight.      The  ovipositor  of  7>.  hnrelica  is  exceedingly  small. 

The  coloring  of  the  body  in  this  genus  is  rather  monotonous 
and  (lull;  grayisli,  brownish  or  ochraceous ;  without  the  well- 
marked  stripes,  bands,  and  spots  which  adorn  the  body,  the  feet, 
and  the  wings  of  Limnobia.  Among  nineteen  specie-  of  North 
American  DivranomyifK  oidy  two,  rather  abnormal  species  in 
more  than  one  respect,  have  spotted  wings  {D.  dcfunvla  and  D. 
rar(i)\  a  single  si)ecies  has  them  clouded  (/>.  /(»»tu//(.-oZa).  In 
Euroite,  J)irraiionii/i;K  with  clouded  wings  seem  to  be  more 
numerous.  The  Eur<jpean  J)  omnia  has  handsomely  ))anded 
wings.  However,  I  am  not  sufliciently  accpniinted  with  the 
European  fauna  to  make  any  general  statement  about  the  nurno- 
rical  proportion  between  the  species  with  immaculate  and  those 


louded  will' 


Wltil  ( 

The  haliits  of  the  larvic  arc  ])robably  arpiatic,  or  subafjuatic. 
I  aiw  not  aware  that  any  larva  of  this  genus  has  been  described, 
but  I  have  ol)served  near  Washington,  D.  C,  a  larva,  which  I 
have  every  reason  to  suppose  is  that  of  L).  defaiuin.  It  lived 
ujioii  the  wood-work  of  a  mill-dam,  with  a  stream  of  water  con- 
stantly passing  over  it.  However,  ]Mr.  AVinnertz  reared  1).  dume- 
iorinii  from  decaj'ing  beech  stumps  {[Annua  Enluniul.  YllI,  p. 
281). 

Divranon^yia   jtrobably    occurs    in    all    parts   of    the    world, 


n"'\f 


'■'      i~ 


DICRANOMYIA. 


57 


altbouj^h  it  may  l)c  principally  at  homo  in  tlio  iiuiro  tonipcrato 
latitutU's.  IJ.  rirarians  from  Aukland  and  1).  mvrionclla  from 
8.  America,  have  been  described  by  Dr.  Schiner  in  the  Bcise  d. 
Kovctra,  etc.,  Diplera,  p.  40.  The  Limnohise  fumipoiius, 
rhorira,  a-grotans,  and  gracilifi  from  New  Zealand,  mentioned  in 
Walker's  List  of  Dipt.  Brit.  Mus.,  are  all  Dicranomijifv.  The 
genns  Atarada,  found  in  amber  (Loew,  Bernst.  u.  Berndein- 
fanna)  is  apparently  synonymous  with  Dicranomyia. 

This  genus  is  very  closely  allied  to  Limnohia,  still  the  differ- 
eiv     between  them  are  numerous.     They  consist: — 

1,  In  the  structure  of  the  body  :  The  feet  of  Dicranomyia 
are  g-'uerally  more  slender;  the  ungues  have  usually  but  one 
distinct  tooth,  whereas  in  Limnohia  there  arc  several;  the  male 
forcej)s  in  the  two  genera  has  a  different  structure.  As  to  the 
hitter  point,  however  diiferent  the  two  forms  may  be,  I  look  upon 
them  as  modilications  of  the  same  plan  of  structure,  the  whole 
dillerence  con.  i-ting  in  the  more  or  less  development  of  the  fleshy 
lobes.  If  we  represent  to  ourselves  the  large  fleshy  lobes  of  Dicra- 
nomyia  lessened,  the  rostriform  horny  appendage,  being  closely 
applied  to  the  falciform  appendage  (marked  b  on  the  figures  of 
Tab.  Ill),  will  form  the  double  horny  hook  of  lAmnobia.  Inter- 
mediate forms  really  occur  in  some  species ;  the  forceps  of  Tro- 
chohola,  for  instance,  is  one  of  them.  We  have  already  noticed 
above  the  contrast  in  the  coloring  between  the  two  genera ;  that 
of  Ijimnohia  being  more  intense  and  brilliant,  Avith  well-defined 
stripes,  bands,  und  dots  on  the  body,  the  wings  and  the  feet. 

2.  In  the  m  le  of  life  :  JNIost  of  the  larvic  of  Dicranomyia 
are  probably  acpiatie  or  subaquatic,  whereas  those  of  Limnohia 
live  in  wood,  fungi,  etc. 

o.  In  the  venation :  The  auxiliary  vein  in  Dicranomyia  is  in 
most  cases  shorter;  it  usually  ends  in  the  first  longitudinal  vein 
nearly  opposite  the  origin  of  the  second  vein  or  before  it.  In 
exceptional  cases  only  (in  fi»ur  North  American  species  among 
nineteen),  this  vein  is  prolonged  a  considerable  distance  beyond 
the  origin  of  the  ser'ond  longitudinal  vein.  Just  the  opposite  is 
the  case  with  Limnobki;  the  auxiliary  vein  is,  almost  without 
exception,  proilWiiged  considerably  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second 
vein.  The  huIv  exception  I  know  of  is  the  European  L.  macro- 
digma  Schiwn.,  the  auxiliary  vein  of  which  is  prolonged  only  a 
ikmei  distance  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein. 


'••   L, 


mm  !■ 


58 


DTPTRU.V  (IF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


[part  IV, 


.!i'*i'.,l' 


:|i1'' 


1^1 

I' 


Ill 


11 '^li 


Tlic  relative  position  of  tlic  sul)Cf)?tal  cross-vein  and  of  tlie  tip 
of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  somewliat  diH'iM-ent  in  tiie  majority  of  the 
species  of  both  genera.  In  l)oth  of  thoni,  tho  cross-vein  is  sonie- 
timea  placed  at  the  tip  of  tho  auxiliary  vein  ;  but  whenever  it  is 
removed  from  this  tip,  it  is  always  situated  l)et\veeu  the  first 
lonifitudina!  vein  and  the  auxiliary  in  Dicrannmijia;  in  Lim- 
nobia,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  I'erij  often  situated  between  the 
auxiliary  vein  and  the  costa ;  in  which  case,  the  auxiliary  vein 
ends  in  tho  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  not  in  the  costa,  as  usual. 
This  latt(!r  structure,  as  far  as  I  have  observed,  occurs  only  in 
the  genus  Limnohia, 

The  relative  position  of  tho  marginal  cross-vein  and  of  the  tip 
of  the  first  longitudinal  v(!in,  gives  occasion  to  a  somewhat  similar 
observation.  In  J>icranomi/ia  this  cross-vein  is  always  at  the  tip 
of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  (about  the  peculiar  structure,  some- 
times occurring  here,  compare  aljove,  page  54).  In  Limnohia 
the  marginal  cross-vein  is  often  some  distance  back  of  this  tij),  so 
as  tw  cut  the  stigma  in  two,  or  even  to  be  i)]aced  near  its  inner 
enid..  This  latter  character,  as  far  as  my  observation  goes,  nmy 
be  useful  in  doubtful  cases,  as  it  occurs  principally  in  the  less 
typical  Limnohife,  some  of  which,  as  for  instance  />.  macrosfigma, 
mijght  be  mistaken  for  Dicranomyise.  The  tyi)ical  Limnohife 
('■■iiictipes,  xolitaria,  etc.)  have  tho  cross- vein  close  at  tho  tip  of 
tbe  first  longitudinal  vein,  like  Divranomyia. 

"We  may  also  notice  here,  that  the  discal  coll  is  often  open  in 
the  genus  Dicranomyia,  \Yhereas  I  know  of  no  such  case  among 
the  Liiiinohlat. 

In  my  previous  essay  on  the  Tipulidx  hrevipalpi,  the  genera 
lihl/iidia,  dcranoiinjia,  Dicranomyia,  and  Limnol)ia  have  been 
united  as  subgeneraof  a  single  genus  Limnohia.  This  was  done  on 
the  ground  that  llhipidia  and  Geranomyia  are  much  more  closely 
allied  to  Dicranomyia  than  the  latter  is  to  Limnohia  (in  the 
narrower  sense).  If  therefore  we  leave  Limnohia  and  Dicra- 
nomyia united,  we  should  not  separate  ]{hi})idia  and  Geranomyia 
from  them.  If,  on  the  contrary,  we  separate  Ehipidia  and  Gera- 
nomyia from  Dicranomyia,  we  should,  (I  fortiori,  separate  Dicra- 
nomyia from  Jjimnohia,  This  separation  has  been  introduced 
in  the  present  pul)lication. 

The  name  Dicranomyia  (from  St'xpavov,  fork,  and  fiwa,  fly)  has 
been  first  used  in  J.  Stephens's  Catalogue  of  Jiritish  Insects,  in 


DICRANOMYIA. 


59 


18'20,  for  the  species  I).  Intra,  innsla,  modcsla,  dumclormn, 
di(h/)na,  etc.  In  llaliday's  Catuhnjue  of  Dn>tcra  occurring 
ahmtt  Ilolywood,  Dcconi^hire  {Enlomol.  Mlkjciz.  I,  147)  in  1833, 
tlic  siiine  generic  name  is  introduced  for  the  species  lulea,  inmla, 
viodo^ta,  chorea,  and  oficilliniH  n.  sp.  This  generic  name  has 
not  been  used  in  the  systematic  worl<s  which  have  appeared 
since  (Macquart,  Walker,  and  Zettcrstedt)  until  it  was  reinstated 
l)y  nie  in  the  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1859,  as  a  subgenus 
of  lAinnohia. 

The  genus  Glochina,  introduced  by  Meigen  in  his  Vol.  TI,  p. 
2!S0,  18.')0,  for  Glochina  sericala  Meig  ,  bar,  not  been  sulTu'iently 
characterized  by  him,  and  lias  never  obtained  a  detinite  meaning 
since.  The  alleged  distinguishing  oliaracters  are  the  fourteen- 
jointed  antennai  and  five-jointed  palpi;  but  it  must  l»e  borne  in 
mind,  that  Meigen  called  the  antenna)  of  Limnotji'a  from  15-  to 
IT-Jointed  (comi)are  above,  page  10),  and  that,  for  this  reason, 
fourteen-jointed  antenna;,  'which  we  know  now  as  belonging  to 
the  whole  section  of  Limnobina,  must  have  seemed  unusual  to 
him.  As  to  the  palpi,  the  fifth  basal  joint  is  often  visiljle,  and 
not  in  Glochina  only  ;  as  Mr.  Westwood  suggests  (  Wedw.  Inlrod. 
II,  p.  525)  it  probably  represents  the  ma.xilla. 

>Iac(piart  (Hid.  Nat.  dcs  Dipt.  I,  p.  172)  rather  oddly  places 
Glochina  among  the  Tijndariis  jlorales  of  Latreillc,  between 
Jlhi/phus  and  Sinvilimn,  on  the  ground  that  "Glochina,  together 
with  Cxdex  and  Bolilophila,  are  the  only  nemocerous  diptera 
hitherto  observed  which  are  provided  with  maxillary  seta3 ;  they 
are,  moreover,  distinguished  by  five-jointed  palpi,  the  third  of 
which  is  incrassated,  like  the  second  in  lihj/phus.^' 

"We  find  Glochina  introduced  with  a  query,  in  Ilaliday's  Catal. 
Dipt.  Holyw.  for  D.  leucocephala  M.  (syn.  morio  Fab.)  and 
dumetorum,  as  well  as  in  the  Sj/nopsix,  etc.  at  the  end  of  West- 
wood's  Introduction,  etc.  Vol.  II,  for  the  same  species. 

Stagger  (Krojer's  Naturh.  Tidskr.  Vol.  Ill,  1840)  placed  three 
species  in  it,  Gl.  stigmatica,  auturnnaliti,  and  frontalix,  which 
are  Dicranomyiae ;  at  the  same  time,  other  Dicranomyifie,  as 
vwdesta,  dumetorum,  chorea,  didyma,  are  left  by  him  in  the 
genus  Limnobia.  Thus  it  does  not  appear  upon  what  the  claims 
of  the  genus,  in  this  author's  sense,  are  established.  Unless  the 
peculiarities  in  the  structure  of  the  male  genitals  of  G.  uiitum- 
nalis  and  stigmatica,  already  alluded  to  above  (p.  50)  prove  of 


m  i 

\     If  # 


i  ,  '■ 


IP 


,„!!!■ 


ill 


Si. 


m 


m 


...    frl 


I  to:'':  -^^ 


I  ^  •! 


i:'l 


GO 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


suflic'ioiit  iinportaiK'o  to  jii.stify  a  {rcMcric  separation  of  those  few 
si)eoie.s  which  possess  tliem,  the  genus  Glurhina  will  have  to  bo 
abandonwl.  IJy  all  means  (Jlovhhia  cannot  be  maintained  as  a 
name  of  the  group  now  called  Divrunomyia.  This  name,  as 
shown  alxtve,  has  l)een  pro})osed  a  year  earlier,  and  was,  from 
the  Itegimiing  connected  with  a  series  of  those  very  species  which 
constitute  it  now. 


,* 


n  (  Tlie  whole  .Tnteiina',  or  at  least  tlieir  basal  joints,  pale 
t  The  whole  auteiniaj  black  or  browu. 


TaJile  for  the  determination  of  the  species. 
Wings  remarkably  narrow,  lanceolate  (Tab.  I,  fig.  1). 
s  1  longipennis  Sclmm. 

'  Wings  of  the  usual  shape.  2 

r  Tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  nearly  opposite,  or  before,  or  only  a  short 
r,  !  distance  teyond  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein.  3 

j  Tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  a  considerable  distance  beyond  the  origin 
t  of  tlie  second  longitudinal  vein.  1(J 

4 
7 

^(  Discal ''ell  open.  5 

*  Discal  cell  closed.  (> 

-  (  Thorax  with  a  single  brown  stripe  in  the  middle.    2  immodesta  0.  S. 

i  Thorax  with  three  brown  stripes.  3  gladiator  0.  S. 

.,  (  I'Magellum  of  the  antennse  and  lialteres  infuscated.     4  diversa  0.  S. 

'  riagelluni  and  lialteres  not  infuscated.  5  pudica  0.  S. 

'  Discal  cell  (in  normal  specimens)  open  ;  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein 

considerably  anterior  to  the  origin  of  the  second  vein ;  the  pr»- 

furca  is  about  equal  in  length  to  the  distance  between  the  origin 

of  the  third  vein  and  the  small  cross-vein,  or  even  shorter.  8 

Discal  cell  closed  ;  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  nearly  opposite  the  origin 

of  the  second  vein  (or,  when  anterior  or  posterior,  the  distance 

small)  ;  pra-furca  distinctly  longer  than  the  distance  between  the 

origin  of  the  third  vein  and  the  small  cross-vein.  10 

Q  (  Rostrum  and  proboscis  nearly  as  long  as  the  head.    (5  rostrifera,  n.  sp. 

(  Rostrum  and  proboscis  much  shorter  than  the  head.  !1 

q  (  Thorax  ochraceous.  7  brevivena,  n.  sp. 

(  Thorax  brown.  8  floridana,  n.  sp. 

/Thorax  shining  black,  pleurae  with  a  silvery  reflection. 

10  ]  15  morioides  0.  S. 

I  Thorax  brownish  or  grayish.  11 

, ,  (  Femora  with  a  rather  broad  pale  band  at  the  tip.         14  badia  Walk-. 

i  Femora  without  such  a  band.  12 

(-The  distance  between  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  the  subcostal 

cross-vein  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  stigma.  13 

The  distance  between  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  the  subcostal 

cross-vein  is  shorter  than  half  the  length  of  the  stigma.  14 


7-^ 


12 


1.1-   & 


DICRANOMYIA. 


61 


u 


14 


1(J 
17 

IS 


(  llaltftips  unuaually  long.  13  halterata,  n.  sp. 

'  Il,ilt«i«'s  of  the  oidinaiy  length.  9  distans  0.  S. 

The  cross-vein  scpariitini,'  the  discal  cell  from  the  first  basal  cell  is 
arcuateil  in  such  a  manner,  that  the  inner  end  of  the  di.scal  cell 
is  hut  little  more  distant  from  the  ba.-is  of  the  wing  than  the 
inner  end  of  the  submarginal  cell.  If  Btnlta  O.  S. 

The  cross-vein  separating  the  discal  cell  from  the  first  basal  cell  is 
not  conspicuously  arcuate  I  and  hence,  the  inner  end  of  the  discal 
cell  is  distinctly  more  distant  from  the  basis  of  the  wing  than  the 
inner  end  of  the  submarginal  cell.  !'> 

.  Thorax  gray,  with  a  brown  stripe  in  the  middle.  11  liberta  0.  6'. 

!  Tliorax  brownish-yellow,  with  a  brown  stripe  in  the  middle. 

I  12  haeretica,  n.  sp. 

(  Wings  immaculate.  17 

I  Wings  spotted  with  brown.  18 

(  Stigma  distinct.  1(5  pubipennis  0.  S. 

\  No  vestige  of  a  stigma.  17  globithorax,  n.  sp. 

/Wings  browiiish,  three  or  four  brown  spots  along  the  anterior  margin. 

I  18  rara,  n.  sp. 

I  Wings  with  brown  dots  in  all  the  cells.  10  defuncta  0.  S. 


Description  of  the  species. 

1.  D.  longipeiinis  ScHUM.  %  and  J. — Ochracea,  thorace  rufescente, 
vittis  tribus  obscurioribus  ;  pleuris  vitt&  fusca  ;  alls  angustis,  innnacu- 
latis,  areola  discoidali  aperta  ;  costil,  venaque  longitudinali  primd  pallide 
llavis ;  vena  auxiliaris  pone  initium  pra!furc;e  perparum  extensa. 

Ochraceous,  thorax  reddish  above,  with  three  darker  stripes,  pleurce  with 
a  brown  stripe  ;  wings  narrow,  immaculate  ;  discal  cell  open  ;  the  costa 
and  the  first  longitudinal  veins  pale  yellow ;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  ex- 
tended very  little  beyoud  the  origin  of  the  prjcfurca  (Tab.  I,  fig.  1). 
Long.  corp.  0.25 — 0.3. 

Svx.    Linuiohid  lomjipennix  SciiCM.  Beit.  etc.  104,  2. 

Diciaiiomi/ia  lminein',r  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  ISGl,  p.  287. 

Ili'iul  brownish,  rather  eloiifjatcd,  rostrum  brown,  also  some- 
what prolonged  ;  palpi  and  anteniue  lirownish  ;  second  joint  of 
the  latter  stout;  thorax  reddi.sh-yellow  above,  with  three  iudis- 
tiiiet  brownish  stripes,  the  intermediate  one  with  a  faint  yellow 
line  in  the  middle.  I'lcurai  with  a  brown  line,  bordered  with 
whitish,  running  from  the  humeri  towards  the  basis  of  the 
lialteres ;  the  latter  have  a  whitish  stem  and  a  brownish  knob; 
tilulomen  brownish  ;  feet  pale  yellow,  tip  of  the  til)iaj  aiul  tarsi 
iiifiisoated ;  wings  narrow,  lanceolate,  their  basal,  narrowed 
portion  rather  long,  their  color  is  subhyaliue ;  anal  angle  small, 
6 


J  i 


»\f<*»!. 


!  •m 


lltl-iit-.i' 


'['1m' 


* 


02 


DIPTKIIA  OF  NORTH  ^MERICA. 


[PAIIT  IV. 


hardly  project inpr ;  stismn  <'loiigato(l,  pale  ;  costa  and  first  lonji;!- 
tiuliiial  veins  jialc!  yellow',  the  other  veins  hrown ;  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  very  little  heyontl  the  origin  of  the  pnefurca ;  sub- 
costal cross-vein  iiinuediately  opposite  this  (trigin ;  tip  of  the  first 
longitudinal  vein  a  little  anterior  to  the  middle  of  the  sub- 
nnirginal  cell  ;  the  latter  rather  long,  longer  than  tlie  first  pos- 
terior cell ;  the  discal  cell  being  open,  the  first  and  second 
posterior  cells  are  of  ecpial  length  ;  the  third  is  one-lialf  the 
length  of  the  second ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  somewhat 
bisiiiuated. 

Bab.  Trenton  Falls,  X.  Y.,  where  I  caught  numerous  speci- 
mens on  a  meadow. 

In  general  habitus  this  species  is  dift'crcnt  from  the  other 
Dic7'a)iomi/iie ;  its  very  narrow  wings  with  their  yellow  costal 
and  first  longitudinal  veins,  forming  a  contrast  with  the  brown 
color  of  the  other  veins,  make  it  easily  recognizable.  The  struc- 
ture of  its  male  forceps  belongs  to  the  same  type  with  those  of 
the  other  species  of  the  group.  I  had  at  first  described  D.  loixji- 
j^ennis  under  the  name  of  iA  immcmor,  but  recognized  afterwards 
its  identity  with  a  species  belonging  to  eastern  Europe. 

2.  D.  iinmodesta  0.  S.  %  and  9  . — Ochracea,  thoracis  vitta  fuscA  ; 
anteiinis  fuscis.  basi  pallidis ;  alis  hyalinis,  stigmate  pallido,  areolA, 
discoidali  apertil ;  venae  auxiliaris  apex  initio  prnefurcre  plus  niinusvo 
oppositus ;  venula  subcostalis  transversa  ab  auxiliaris  apice  stigniatis 
longitudine  remota. 

Ochraeeous,  thorax  with  a  hrown  stripe ;  antennre  brown,  pale  at  the  base ; 
wings  hyaline,  stigma  pale;  discal  cell  oi)en  ;  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  is  nearly  opposite  the  origin  of  the  pr.-efurca ;  the  subcostal  cross- 
vein  is  at  a  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  which  is  about 
equal  to  tlie  length  of  the  stigma.     Long.  corp.  0.25 — 0.3. 

Syn.  Dicranomijia  iinmodesta  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  211. 

Rostrum  pale,  palpi  infuscated  ;  antcnnte  fuscous,  pale  at  base ; 
verticils  rather  long ;  front  and  vertex  infuscated.  Thorax 
ochraeeous,  paler  on  the  pleume ;  a  dark  brown  stripe,  extending 
over  the  collare,  in  the  middle  ;  this  stripe  is  abbreviated  beliind 
and  does  not  reach  the  transverse  suture  ;  the  lateral  stripes  are 
not  perceptible  ;  both  ends  of  the  scutellum  and  a  stripe  in  tin; 
middle  of  the  metathorax  usually  infuscated.  Knob  of  the 
haltcres  dusky ;  feet  pale  tawny,  coxa)  and  basis  of  the  femora 


lii  I'''       r*. 


DICHANOMYIA. 


<!;{ 


pnlo  yollow ;  tips  of  llic  tarsi  (iiuiccr.  Abtloint'ii  iiifiisciitiMl 
al)i)Vo ;  forceps  pale.  Wings  nearly  hyaline;  stiirina  ellipliciil, 
pale;  veins  pale  brownish;  tij)  of  the  anxiliary  vein  nearly 
(ipi»osite  or  a  little  l)efore  tiie  oriLrin  of  tiie  pra'furea  ;  tiie  siih- 
(Mistal  cross-vein  is  separated  from  tiie  tip  of  tli<'  auxiliary  vein 
liv  a  distance  at  least  ecjiial  to  the  leii^'tli  of  the  stiji'nia,  if  not 
Idiiirer;  the  cross-vein,  forming  tlic  inner  end  of  the  tliseal  cell,  is 
straight;  diseal  cell  always  open. 

lliih.   AVashington  ;  Trenton  Falls  ;   Maine. 

"When  I  first  described  this  sjjeeies  I  had  twenty-five  specimens 
for  coiiii)arison.  7).  iwnioth's/a  is  not  nnlikt^  the  Kuropean  J). 
invdcsta,  the  diseal  cell  of  which,  however,  is  closed. 


i  i:-m 


y^}y-.-^ 


wwm 


3.  D.  gladiator  O.  S.  %  .and  9- — Ochracea,  fnsceacciis  ;  tlioraeis 
vittis  trihns  fuscis  ;  aiitcniiis  fascis,  liasi  jialliilis,  alls  liyaliiiis,  stitriiiate 
iufuscato  ;  areola  discoidali  ajiortil ;  veiire  auxiliaris  apex  initio  i)i;c- 
furca;  plus  luinusve  oppositus  ;  venula  sulicostalis  trausversa  ab  auxili- 
aris apico  stiguiatis  longitudine  reiuota. 

lirownish-ochraceous  ;  thorax  witli  three  brown  stripes  ;  anteiinai  lirown, 
pale  at  base  ;  wings  hyaline,  stignia  infuscated  ;  diseal  cell  open;  the 
tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  nearly  oj^posite  the  oriunn  of  the  pia'furca  ; 
subcostal  cross-vein  removed  from  the  tip  of  the  anxiliary  vein  :it  a 
distance  eciual  to  the  lengtli  of  the  stigma.     Long.  corp.  0.2.') — (t.;5. 

Syn.    Dicranomyia  (jUvUutur  0.  Saikkn,  Proc,  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Thil.  \».^>9,  p.  212. 

Rostrum  pale  ochraceous,  front  brownish-gray,  palpi  infiisrated, 
aiiteniuc  brown,  pale  at  base.  Thorax  brownish  ochraceous,  with 
three  distinct  brown  stripes;  the  intermediate  one  extends  over 
the  collare  ;  the  lateral  ones  extend  beyond  the  suture  ;  scntellnm 
and  metathorax  brownish  in  the  nnddle  ;  mesosternnni  with  two 
large,  round  brown  spots  between  the  fore  and  middle  coxa?  and 
several  smaller,  indistinct  spots;  halteres  pale  at  base;  knob 
brown;  fi-et  brown,  coxse  and  base  of  femora  pale;  tip  of  the 
latter  brown.  Abdomen  brown,  posterior  margins  of  the  scg- 
niciits  and  the  genitals  paler;  falciform  appendages  of  tlu;  male 
forceps  very  large  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  4);  they  are  very  striking  in 
the  living  inset,  and  when  tlnsir  points  touch  each  other,  they 
form  a  kind  of  arch  or  I)ridge  over  both  lobes.  (The  name  of  the 
insect  is  derived  from  these  sword-like  appendages.)  Winus 
nearly  hyaline  ;  stigma  elliptical,  more  or  less  infuscated  ;  vena- 
tion exactlv  like  that  of  D.  iinmodesta. 


'■■•!^.r..« 


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'  ■  i  .■■ 

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i 


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04 


DIt'TKIlA  OK  NOUTH  AMKUICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


Iffih.    Wasliiiiti'toti ;   in  Jdiic, 

I  fiiund  roiiriooii  spccMiiiLMis  nf  this  species  updti  0110  oeeasioii 
ill  Washiiij:;t<)n.  It'  it  was  not  for  the  (lill'ereiiee  in  the  structure 
of  the  nuiit!  for(;e|)s,  I  Wdiihl  have  taken  tiiis  Kpeeies  for  a  (hiikcr 
variety  of  />.  intniodesta.  Tho  venation  uf  hotli  is  exactly  tl»e 
same. 

!•  I),  divei'sa  0.  S.  %  and  9- — Ochmcen,  antennis  fiisois,  basi 
pallidis  ;  alio  lij-alinis,  stigniatH  pallido  ;  areola  discoidali  clausd  ;  venal.i 
sulxjostalis  transversa  ali  anxiliaris  apicu  >ti,L'iiiatis  Idngitiiiline  reuiota  ; 
ven.e  auxiliaris  apex  initio  prjil'urcjo  plus  luiiiusve  oi)po-itus. 

Ocliraceoiis,  antenna*  brown,  i);ilo  at  the  base  ;  wings  liyaline,  sti  ;iiia  pale  ; 
(lisdal  cell  closeil ;  subcostal  cross-vein  removed  fr<>m  the  tip  of  the 
anxiliary  vein  at  a  distance  e(inal  to  the  length  of  tlie  stigma;  tl»H  tip 
of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  more  or  less  opposite  the  origin  of  the  pr.'efurca. 
Long.  Corp.  0.2— 0.2(5. 

Syn.   Dlcranomyiii       ersa  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Pliila.  ISfj;),  p.  212. 

1'iie  Ijody  i-;  ochraeeous ;  tlie  head  above,  tlio  halterc>;  and  the 
abdomen  are  inil'u.sealed  ;  genitals  ocliraeeous.  Antennic  more 
or  less  iufuseated,  basal  joints  pale.  The  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  is  more  or  less  oi)posite  the  origin  of  the  prtefurca ;  the  sub- 
costal cross-vein  is  at  u  considerable  distance  from  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein,  this  distance  being  at  least  ecpial  to  the  length  of 
the  stignui ;  the  diseal  cell  is  closed;  the  stigma  has  a  slight 
brownish  tinge. 

Jhb,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  AEaryland  ;  in  tho  spring 

This  species  is  much  smaller  than  D.  immodcsta,  and  more- 
over is  easily  distinguished  from  it  by  its  closed  diseal  cell  ;  the 
verticils  of  its  antennaj  are  much  shorter. 

1  ])()ssess  three  specimens  collected  by  Mv.  II.  Kennicott,  near 
Fort  Kesolution,  II.  B.  T. ;  they  are  very  like  D.  diversa,  but 
have  the  thorax  darker,  the  feet  more  l)rown  above,  and  the 
haltercs  paler.     They  may  belong  to  a  different  species. 

5.  D.  itudica  O.  S.  '^  and  9-— I''ill'<l«  "chracea  tota ;  ociilis  nigris, 
tarsorum  apicibus  fuscis  ;  alls  pallide  tlave.-iceniibus  ;  venis  pallidis  ; 
vena"  anxiliaris  apex  initio  prrefuru.-B  parum  anterior;  venula  sub- 
costalis  transversa  ab  anxiliaris  apice  parum  remota. 

Altogether  pale  ochraceous  ;  eyes  black  ;  tip  of  the  tarsi  fuscous  ;  wings 
with  a  pale  yellowish  tiiii;'  .  veins  i)aie  ;  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein 


IHCRANOMYIA. 


et 


is  a  slioi't  fli-*t(iiu"((  nnteiior  to  tlu'  origin  of  tlie  prwfurca;  tlio  mibcnstal 
friHit-Vfiii  Is  at  a  ■<hort  dlHtaiu .  from  Dus  ti])  of  thu  auxiliary  vein. 
I.oiit^.  t'Olp.  <'■■{ — ('.3.'». 

SvN.  Dirnii  imi/iu  pwliia  0.  Svcken,  Prtw.  Ac.  Nat.  Su.  Phil.  isr)0,  ji.  212. 

Tlicn'  is  111)1  nmcli  to  mid  tu  llic  diafriiosis ;  the  stigniii  is 
scaiTcly  ait|>iir('iit  ;  tlic  aiixiliiiry  voiii  joins  tho  cnsta  a  littlo 
liit'orc  tlic  uiiiriii  <»t'  tlio  jd'u'Curcu  ;  tijo  cntHH-vcin  is  not  far  from 
its  tip  (lit  a  distance  .shorter  than  half  the  length  of  the  stigma) ; 
the  iiiitennsi'  are  yellow. 

lldh.   Illinois  (Keiinieolt). 

At  the  time  when  I  prepared  the  «)riginal  deseription  of  this 
speeies,  I  had  two  male  and  four  female  specimens  before  me. 

6.  I>.  rosti'ifora,  n.  sp.  %  and  9  . — Pnsca,  tlioracis  vittft  oLscuriori, 
rostro  et  proliosiade  clongatis,  fiiscis  ;  anteiinis  iiigro-fuscis  ;  Vfn;i'  aux- 
ilinris  apex  prjefurc.T  initio  anterior;  pru  fiircii  brevi ;  cellula  discoidali 
apertd. 

Brown,  tlie  thorax  witli  a  darker  stripe;  rostrum  and  proboscis  elongated, 
l)ro«n  ;  antenna-  brown  ;  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  anterior  to  the 
origin  of  the  pra-furca,  the  latter  short ;  discal  cell  open.  Long.  corp. 
fi.2— 0.25. 


hi'**?'      ■■■"',' 


Head,  including  rostrum,  palpi,  and  antenna;  fuscous ;  rostrum 
and  proboscis  unusually  ])rolonged,  being  almost  as  long  as  the 
neiid.  Thorax  fuscous,  sericeous  with  yidlowish  above  and  with 
a  dark  brown  stripe  in  the  middle;  sericeous  with  cinereous  on 
the  pleura> ;  scutellum  tawny,  metathorax  brown.  Ilalteres  with 
an  iid'uscated  knolt,  stem  pale  Abdomen  brown  ;  geidtals  sub- 
fcrniginous.  Feet  dark  tawny,  coxa;  pale.  Wings  hyaline ; 
stigma  short  oval,  pale  ;  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  anterior 
to  the  oriirin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  l»y  about  half  the 
Iciiu-th  ot  the  stigma  or  more  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  at 
about  an  equal  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  the 
lirst  longitudinal  vein  has  the  marginal  cross-vein  close  by  its 
tip;  the  praifurca  is  short,  not  much  longer,  if  htnger  at  all,  than 
llir  distance  between  the  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
and  the  small  cross-vein  ;  discal  cell  open. 

B(i}).  Xew  York;  three;  male,  one  female  specimen.  The 
venation  of  this  species  is  exactly  like  that  of  L.  brevivena.     I 

5      July,  1808. 


"1  ' 

\ 

111  ,  '  , 

jl  J;, 

!  1 

(k; 


DII'TKIIA  UV  XOUTII  AMKIIICA. 


[I'Altr   IV, 


c'.iiltl  tutt  vciy  well  (Icscrilx!  tint  cdlur  ol'  tin-  froiil  wliicli,  in  all 
my  siicriiiiciis,  iri  slininkcii. 


■ 

!1 

1 

1 

.1 

. 
1 

',:iH'l 


I' 


7.  II.  Itr('%  iV4>iia<  n.  >|>.  "J;  mul  9  •""'''"■''"'''•'^  ^'"l  I'liHcoocIirncfa  ; 
rosti'o  Di'liraiiM) ;  aiiti-iinis  iiiiirn-fuMtMi*,  tlioracx  vittis  tiiltiis  fiiF^ciH  ;  vi-iifu 
nuxiliaris  apfX  jiiii'I'iirca'  initio  iintHiiiir  ;  j)i;crunri  lircvi  ;  rciliila  dis- 
cdiilali  iili-i'uiii4Utt  apiti'ta. 

Oi;iira<'t'()iis  or  browiiisli-Odlirnci'onH  ;  ro::triim  orliraci'im-* ;  aiitcnna'  Itowii- 
Islihlack  ;  tlioriix  with  tlirt'w  brown  Htripfs  ;  tiit-  tip  i>r  tin-  aiixiiinry 
Vein  is  anti'iior  to  tlio  oriL'in  of  tlio  prii'l'iirf-a  ;  IIih  lattiT  short  ;  tliu 
discal  utiil  in  most  sptuMinons  ojion.     Long.  corp.  0.2 — ti.-'J. 

Tli(f  ('()l()i'iiijr  of  tlio  body  is  cither  nf  a  li<;Iit,  Id'owiii.sli-ycIIow, 
or  a  more  oclinicooiis  yclluw ;  li<  iid  l)n)\viiisii,  fnnit  inrusciitod  in 
till!  iiii(l(U(! ;  rostniiii  yellow;  ti'iteiiiui;  diirlv  lirosvii.  Tlicirax 
oehraceoiis  with  three  hmwii  stripes,  the  iiilerinediatc  one  l)roa(l 
and  distinct,  the  lateral  ones  e.xtendinfj;  backwards  beyond  the 
suture  are  slit?htly  priiiiiosc  with  jrriiyii^h  ;  eollare  brown  above, 
jiroloiiired  ill  a  distinct  neck;  seiitelluni  inriiscaled  at  l)olh  ends, 
nietathorax  brownish,  priiinose  with  frniyish ;  jjlcnne  ochraccous, 
more  brownish  posteriorly  ;  stem  of  halteres  pah;  at  the  basis, 
knob  infiiscated.  Abdomen  l)rownisli  above,  pale  below  ;  male 
p^enitals  oeliraccous.  Feet  dark  tawny  ;  coxa)  and  base  of  the 
femora  pale;  tarsi  brown  towards  tlie  tip.  "NVinj^s  almost  hya- 
line, very  slif,'htly  tinjred  ;  stifrma  ])ale.  The  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  is  anterior  to  the  origin  of  the  i)ra'fiirca  by  about  half  a 
h'ligth  of  the  stigma;  the  cross-vein  is  at  about  an  e(iual  distaiieo 
from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  has 
the  marginal  cros.s-vein  by  its  tip ;  the  pnefurca  is  short,  in  .'<ome 
specimens  shorter  than  the  distance  between  the  origin  of  the 
tliird  longitudinal  vein  and  the  small  cross-vein  ;  in  other  speci- 
mens, it  is  a  little  longer.  The  discal  cell  is  usually  open  ;  one 
of  my  specimens  (among  ten)  has  it  closed. 

JIdh.  New  York  ;  also  in  Washington,  D.  C.  This  species 
can  be  easily  distinguished  from  the  two  other  species  with  a 
short  auxiliary  vein  {Jloridana  and  rostrifera)  by  its  yellow 
rostrum. 

I  have  taken,  in  the  marshes  on  Long  Island,  near  Xcw  York, 
in  autumn,  several  specimens  which  arc  somewhat  larger  and 
darker  in  coloring  ;  the  thorax  is  brownish,  sericeous  with  yel- 
lowish above,  and  with  three  dark  brown  stripes ;  the  abdomen 


UlCIl  ANDMVIA. 


07 


is  lint  pull  r  on  llic  iiinlcr  siili',  hut.  iinil'iiinily  lirowii  ;  the  ^ti,unllu 
sci'iiis  ti)  Ih!  >li,u'litly  liiiipT;  otlitTwi.M'  tlicy  iigrcc  with  JJ.  bn:oi- 
nun,  ami  i  iiiii  in  (loiilit  ultDiil  tlii'it'  identity. 

IN.   ID.  Iloi'iilaiiii,  11.  sp.     '^  ,111(1    'p . — Hriiiiiipa,  frniito  all)omi('iiiite, 

ro-trii   I'l'i'vi,  t'lisio;   .'iiiti'iiiiis  iiiuid  t'liscis  ;    vt'ii.'i)   aiixiliiiiis  ;i|ie.\  prai- 
fiiii'!!'  initio  iiiilfriiif ;  iiiirt'iii'iil  lin^vj  ;  ci'llulii  ilisooiilali  ajicrti. 

Hmwii,  fioiil  witli  a  wliiti-^li  iftlfntloii,  rostriiiii  siioit,  lirovvn  ;  anti'iiiiDB 
lii'owui^li-lilai'k  ;  tin*  tip  of  tint  aiL^iliary  vein  is  aiitHiior  to  tlic  origin 
of  tii«  |)ift)fiiiiu  ;  tliH  lattiT  short ;  di-sual  cell  ojh'ii.    I.oiiij.  corp.  (•.-—0.3. 

Ilciid  iiicliidiiij^  rostrum  and  iiiiI))!  lirowni.^Ii,  nntcmmi  liltuik; 
front  witli  u  wliilisii  yellow  relleelion.  (Jroiind  eoior  of  tlie 
tlinrii.x  dark  tawny,  alino.*^t  eoiieealed  iiy  tlie  three  hrowii  .stripes; 
the  interiiiediate  oik;  moderately  shiiiiii.u',  the  lateral  ones  priii- 
noso  with  frrayish;  liiinieral  region  linely  .sericeous  with  yvA- 
jowish ;  nietathora.K  brown,  sericeous  with  l)rowiii.<li-yellow; 
pleiine  Kericcou.s  with  f^rny.  Ahdonien  brown,  trenitals  snli- 
ferriijifinoiis.  Tltiltere.s  with  a  fnseoiis  knoli.  Feet  dark  tawny, 
coxa'  and  basis  of  the  femora  yellow.  Wiiifjfs  soiiiewiiat  tiiif^ed 
with  eiiiereons  ;  stio-ma  jiale  ;  venation  like  that  of  J),  hreririna 
and  rustrij'cra,  only  the  distaneo  between  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  and  the  subcostal  t'ros.s-velii  is  nearly  etpnil  to  tho  whole 
length  of  the  sti<!:niu. 

lltib.  Florida  ;  two  male  and  throe  female  specimens  cauj^lit 
by  iiie  in  the  spring  of  iS.'iH;  a  pair  of  them  were  in  copulation. 


i 

i 

i 

i 


9.  D.  distail!^  O.  S.  %  and  9- — Urunnfa;  hnincri^  plenrisqne  pallidi- 
oiilius  ;  aiiteiinis  j)alpis(iue  iiii,'ris  ;  vhiub  atixiiiaris  ajjex  initio  jji-cfaiva) 
pln.s  mimisve  oppositiis  ;  vonula  traiisvfisa  siilico.stalis  ab  apiuo  veiiiB 
anxiliai'is  reinota  ;  veuiila  transversa  tpi.'i'  (H'lliilani  discoidalom  a  celluli 
b.isali  priuiil  .separat,  paruni  arciiata  ;  aL'e  iiiiniamilatie;  sti^'iiiatu  pallido. 

Brown,  humeri  and  plmirne  pale  ;  anteniire  and  palpi  hlaok  ;  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  nearly  opposite  the  oriu'in  of  the  prflpfurca ;  subcostal 
cross- vein  at  some  distauee  from  thu  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  the  cross- 
vein,  separatiiit;  the  discal  cciU  from  the  first  liasal  cell,  is  very  little 
arcuated;  wings  immaculate;  stigma  j)ale.     Long.  corp.  (•.2;5 — O.IJ. 

Syx.   JJicranoiiiyla  (listaii.i  O.  Sacke.n,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  IS.'iO,  p.  211. 

I'alpi  and  anteniuT!  black;  joints  of  the  fhiirellnni  snlijrlobnlar ; 
front  and  vertex  grayish-brown.     Thorax  dark  tawny,  sericeous 


08 


PIPTKRA  OF  NOHTir  AMKRIfA. 


[pA({T  rv. 


K;i4Hliiiil 


1 1  :m 


'  i     ,         '/     ■■ 

If 

witli  yellowish  ami  with  brown  stripes;  the  i)l(Mira)  with  ii  seriec;- 
ous,  yellowish  relleeti  'i.  JItilteres  l)rowiiisli,  jmle  at  the  root; 
abdoineii  brown,  jicnituls  paler;  feet  l)rownisli,  eo.\:e  paler.  Tip 
of  tlie  auxiliary  vein  nearly  opj)osite  the  ori<>Mn  of  the  priefurea; 
th''  sulteostal  eross-vein  is  at  a  distaneo  from  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  whieh  is  not  iniieh  less  than  the  leiig-th  of  the 
stijiMna  ;  the  eross-vein  at  the  inner  end  of  the  diseal  cell  is;  but 
very  sliji'litiy  areiiateil  ;  diseal  cell  closed. 

JI(tb.    Florida. 

This  species  is  very  like  I).  i<tuHn  in  general  appearance,  but 
easily  distiiiji:uished  i)y  the  great  distanee  between  the  Hui)eostal 
cross-vein  and  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein.  I  brought  siX 
s[)i'('iniens  from  Florida  with  ine  (caught  in  !^^arch,  IHnS);  Itut 
I  have  oidy  two  left  now.  The  rostrum  seems  to  be  of  a  pale 
color ;  but  I  cannot  perceive  it  distinctly. 

10.  D.  stillta  O.  S.  %  and  9  • — Rriiniiea,  humeris  pleiirisqiie  pallidi- 
oriims  ;  .■uitciiii's  palpis(HiH  iiitiris  ;  vcimla  trausver.^a  subcostalis  apici 
veuip  aiixiliaiis  approxiiiiata  ;  ventila  transversa  (jiia;  oellulaiii  disfoi- 
d.'ilein  a  cellula  basali  piiuiu  separat,  valde  arcuata ;  alse  iiumaculatje, 
stigniate  pallido. 

Brown,  humeri  and  pleune  pale;  antennre  and  palpi  black;  subcostal 
cross-vein  near  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  the  cross-vein  separating 
the  diseal  cell  from  the  first  basal  cell  is  strongly  arcuated  ;  wings  im- 
nuR-ulate,  stigma  pale.     Long.  corp.  0.22 — 0.3. 

Sy.v.    Dicrunomi/ia  stii/la  O.  Sackks,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  I'hil.  ISfiO,  p.  210. 

I'al))!  and  antennte  black  ;  joints  of  the  flagellnm  oblong;  front 
ami  vertex  grayish.  Thorax  yellowish  tawny;  stripes  brown, 
more  or  less  shining,  alim)st  confluent  ;  the  intermediate  one  ex- 
tends over  the  collare  and  has  sometimes  a  pale  longitudinal  line 
in  the  middle  ;  the  lateral  ones  are  extended  beyond  tin;  suture; 
seutellum  and  metathorax  brown;  halteres  infuseated,  pale  at  the 
base;  feet  brownish,  pale  at  the  base.  Abdomen  brown;  forceps 
of  the  male  but  little  ]uder;  the  rostriform  appendage  is  snuill 
and  has  two  erect  bristles  ;  ovipositor  ferruginous.  Wings  some- 
what tinged  with  grayish,  stigma  pale  gray  ;  the  tij)  of  the  aux- 
iliary vi'in  is  Jiearly  oj»posite  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal 
vtin  ;  the  cross-vein  is  very  near  its  tip  (the  distance  is  slightly 


PICRANOAIVIA. 


69 


viiriii')l(')  ;  tlic  cross-vein  sopiiriiliiijr  the  discnl  ci'll  from  tlic  lirst 
liiisal  coll  is  more  iirciiatcd  tliini  usual,  ami  liciu'c  the  inner  cud 
(if  tile  (liscal  cell  is  eoniparatively  I)Ut  little  more  distant  from  tliu 
iiiisis  of  the  wiii'^  than  the  inner  end  nf  the  suhmarginal  cell; 
(liscal  cell  closed. 

Ilii!>.   Trenton  Falls,  \.  Y.  ;   Canada,  A'c. 

Ohst'i-nilion  :  'I'he  excision  'x'tween  the  4lh  and  5lh  joints  of 
the  male  tarsi  is  hardly  perceptible  in  this  species. 


'■•  ^ 


II.  D.  lilierta  O.  S.  %  ami  9. — firisea,  tlioraee  fusco-vittato,  p.ilpis 
et  aiitdiiiiis  iiigris,  .stigma  iialliilinu,  juxta  venulaui  transversam  iiiargi- 
ualem  int'usuatum. 

Gray,  thorax  stripi'il  with  l)rown,  palpi  aiul  anteniue  black  ;  stigma  pah;, 
iiitiiscat(!il  along  the  cro.ss-veiu.     J-oiig.  corp.  0.2;') — O,:?;"). 

Syx.    iJicraiKimijia  lihtrtd  0.  Sackk.n,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Su.  I'hil.  iSffO,  p.  llCO. 

Rostrum  and  paljii  black;  front  and  vertex  gray;  anteniuo 
lilaek,  with  iiairs  of  moderate  length.  'I'horax  gray,  almost  slate 
color;  a  weil-delined  broad,  fusc(,ns  intermediate  strii)e,  some- 
times with  a  pale  line  along  its  middle  ;  later;;!  stripes  aiil)reviated 
liefuri'  ami  extended  beyond  the  suture  behind;  seutelhun  slightly 
tawny  on  the  margins;  halteres  pale,  knobs  dusky;  feet  dark 
tawny,  pale  at  the  base,  darker  l)rowu  towards  the  tip  of  the 
femora;  tips  of  the  tibia!  and  of  the  tarsi  brown.  Abdomen 
blackish-gray;  forceps  of  the  nuile  ])aler ;  its  structure  is  like 
Tai).  Ill,  lig.  .'J.  AVings  liyaliuo,  faintly  tinged  with  gray;  pale 
at  the  l»asis  ;  veins  brownish;  a  faint  cloud  at  the  root  of  the 
fourth  vein;  stigma  ol)long,  ])ale,  distinctly  clouded  along  the 
marginal  cross-vein;  the  tip  (if  the  auxiliary  vein  is  nearly 
opposite  the  origin  of  the  second  vein  (sometimes  a  little  before 
oi'  beyond  it);  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  not  far  from  its  tip; 
(liscal  cell  closed. 

In  one  of  the  speeimetis  the  di-ral  cell  is  open,  on  one  wing 
only,  ill  another  siiccimcn  (a  feniali' )  1  lie  intermediate  one  of  the 
three  veins  running  tr<MU  the  di-i  al  cell  to  the  margin,  lakes  an 
olili(pie  direction  and  forms  a  fork  with  the  anterior  one  of  the 
three  vein-;   this  i>  the  ease  (,n  i)olli  wings. 

Ihtli.  v'nited  Sidles;  seems  to  lie  common  everywhere  ;  1  liavo 
collected  specimens  in  Mobile,  Ala. ;   Ibdion,  (jia,  ;   AVashiiigtou, 


:'  :^- 


'>"■'■■'%' 
i  '*'>   ■  mm 


70 


DH'TKUA  OK  Nor.TU  AMKUITA. 


I'AllT  IV 


1).  ('.  ;  New  York,  etc.     Wisconsin  (Kciiiiicott).     Tiic  infiiscatod 
lUiiriiiiial   cT(^ss-vein  is  a  verv  g(jo(l  disliiit'livo  cliaracU'i'  of  this 


SOCCICS. 


This  species  is  apparently  i(h'nlical  with  a  Knrnpcan  one,  a 
specimen  of  whicii  is  in  my  possessioii,  I  cannot  (Icterniine  tlio 
latter  with  any  (le}i;ree  of  certainty,  hiii  iIh'  description  of  J).  Iriatis 
Schum.  a<j:reeri  tolerably  well  with  it. 


12.    I>.  llOPrcticn,  n.  sp.      %  mul  9  .— <'<M-viiia,  tliorace  vitta  fiiscil ; 


aiitiMuia'  iiit;ia>  ;    nistraiu  ocliranciiiii  ;    ])ali)i 


fu>c 


al:t'   ciiierasci'iitt'S, 


iimua<Milat;c ;    ji!a)t'urc;u   initiimi   apiui    veiue  aiixiliaiis    plus    iiiinusve 
op[i(isitiini. 

Dial)  oo!(m»il,  thorax  with   a  hrown   stripp  ;    antt-nnm  hlaiOiish,  rostrum 


Vi'lle 


w.  with  hidwn  jialpi  ;  wiiius  with  a  grayisli  tiiitri',  iimuacu 


late;  the 
pf  tlii>  ]iia^fiii'ca  is  nearly  o]iposite  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein. 


Lung,  c(iii).  0.3 — 0.1)5. 


1 

1  llji     ■ 

■;i!i- 
'1  li, 

l^'' 

i 

Head  brownish,  (inelv  sericeons  with  yellowish  :  rostrum  yellow, 


'■  >i 

\-'-     . 

\t-. 

Ir 

1  ;.' 

1  fl  uh,  < 

!t^' 

'1  - 

H' 

'  ^1  ■ 

palpi  brown  ;    antenine  1) 


rownish-black 


Th 


lorax  brownish,  iim 


ly 


seru'cous  wi 


th    1 


)rownish-yellow  ;    this  soricL'ous  dust   beini;,'  tho 


thickest  on  the  sides,  leaves  a  l)rown  stripe  in  the  middle  ;  pleuric 

.■iniens,  pale;  sericeous  with  yellowisli ; 


ownisli,  or,  m  soni-. 


br 

BcutelUuu  and  iiietathorax  l)rownisli,  likowiso  dusted  with  whitish- 
yollow.  Stem  of  halteres  jiale  towards  the  l)asis,  knol)  brown; 
{ilMJomen  Ijrown  aboye,  yenter  paler.  '^^I'he  forceps  of  the  male 
is  rather  lar^-e  and  conspicuous  even  in  dry  spccinu'ns  ;  in  fresh 
specinn'iis  tiie  reniforni  lobes  ap])ear  somewhat  cluli-sliaped  at 
one  end,  that  is,  In'oader  at  the  tip  than  in  the  nuddle  ;  the  upper 
valves  of  the  oyii)osit<-r  are  remarkable  for  their  extreme  snndl- 
iiess.  Coxa;  and  basis  of  the  fenmra  yellowish  ;  feet  tawny,  lip 
of  the  tii)iie  slightly  iid'uscated  ;  tarsi  brown  towards  the  tip. 
"Winus  (Tal).  1,  lig,  o)  with  a  sliji'ht  brownish-<i-ray  tino-e,  veins 
brown  ;  sti,i:;nni  ])ale  (sliji'htly  iiifuscated  along-  the  cross-vein  in 
one  of  the  specimens  from  Fort  IJesohition).  Tij)  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  lu'arly  opposite  the  origin  of  the  secoml  vein  ;  subcostal 
cross-vein  removed  from  this  tip  at  a  distance  a  little  less  than 
the  length  of  the  great  cross-vein  ;  the  nnirginal  cross-vein  is  near 
the  tip  of  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein,  and  is  ])laced  in  such  a  nnin- 
iier  that  it  looks  as  if  the  lirst  longitudimil  vein  was  incurved 
towards  the  secoud  and  connected  with  the  costa  by  the  cross- 


BTCRANOMYIA. 


13.  I),  lialferata,  n.  sp,  %. — Fnsca;  rostrum,  paliii  et  anteiinEB 
iiiirra  ;  halteres  longiusrnili  ;  al;e  pallide  infuscatie,  immaculatai,  stig- 
iiiati-  obsi'iiriore ;  vtMiula  transversa  subcostalis  ab  apice  venaB  auxiliaris 
longitiuliiie  stiginatis  remota. 

Brownish  ;  rostrum,  ]ialpi,  ami  anteiinre  black ;  halteres  rather  long  ;  wings 
tiiigetl  with  pale  biowiiish,  immaculate,  stigma  darker;  the  subcostal 
cross-Vein  is  removed  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vtin  at  a  distance 
equal  to  the  length  of  the  stigma.     Long.  corp.  (1.3. 

ITciid  browr.isli,  soniewliat  sericeous  with  yellowish  ;  aiiloiinte 
and  |)ulpi  bltiek.  Tiiorax  dull  brown,  hardly  shining  above ; 
humoral  reu'ion  sericeous  with  yellowish  ;  the  usual  stripes  con- 
fluent;  pleuni)  brown,  sericeous  with  grayish  below  the  root  of 
the  wings  and  that  of  the  halteres ;  scutelluni  and  nietathorax 
brown,  sericeous  with  gray  ;  halteres  comparatively  hjng,  inf'us- 
eatcd,  their  root  pale.  Abdomen  brown,  the  genitals  but  little 
jiidcr.  Fert  Ijrown,  coxa;  browiush-yellow  ;  tarsi  almost  black. 
"Wings  tinged  with  pale  l)rownish  ;  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  nearly 
opposite  the  origin  of  the  pra'furca ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  re- 
moved back  of  this  tip  at  a  distance  nearly  eipial  to  the  length 
of  tlie  stigma ;  nnirginal  cross-vein  at  the  lip  of  the  iirst  longi- 
tudinal vein  ;  di^eal  cell  closed. 


•If 


■•It  i>;* 


■111 


m 


li 


jlM'i  ' 

\    \- 

:!v .: , 

P 

vt  ^- 

1  .,|v   ' 

12 


T.!T>TKHA  OF  NnUTlI  AMKUKW. 


[I'AltT  IV 


J!(th.    Liihriidor  (Mr.  A.  S.  I'ackiinl,  Jr.) ;  four  ii.alc  .•^ix'ciiucn.s. 

'I'lii.-;  spiu/ies  will  lie  easily  (H.^tiiiuMjislicd  IVom  I),  linrcllca  liy 
its  lirnwii  rostniiii,  tin;  darker  liiiu'c  (if  it.s  wiiiji'.-;  and  ol' its  .-^lin'iiia, 
by  the  i^Teater  di.<laiiee  helweeii  tlie  sulx-ostal  ei'DSS-veiu  and  tlie 
tip  (if  the  aii.xiliary  vein  ;  l)y  it.s  umisually  Iniij;  lialtere.><,  and  in 
f;:eiieral  liy  it.>  darker  eulorinj^.  I  can  i)ereeive  a  tooth  at  the 
biisi.s  of  the  unirnes.  The  excision  at  the  basis  uf  the  last  tarsal 
joint  ol'  the  male  is  likewise  distinct. 

I  possi'ss  a  nnile  siiecinien  from  Canada,  the  halleres  of  whicli 
ai'e  of  the  sani"  length  as  those  of  1).  /idllcrdhi  ;  the  vemitiou 
and  colorin,i;  of  the  wings  are  likewise  tin?  same  (the  stigma  is 
slightly  i»aler)  ;  but  the  thofax  is  browiush  oeliraceous,  e.xeept 
the  space  on  the  back,  usually  occu})ietl  by  the  stripes,  which 
is  brown.     Is  it  not  a  i)aler  variety  uf  iA  hallvrala? 

14.  1).  1)a<Iia  '>\'alk.  %  ami  9. — Fiisca,  al)iloiniiiis  fasciia  palliilis  ; 
p('(lil)iis  fu.scis,  feiiuiiuiii  apice  pallido,  alls  fiisco-uebulosis ;  stigmate 
sulKiuadrato,  fiisco. 

Brown,  alHloiuen  with  pale  bands;  feet  brown,  tip  of  tlie  femora  pale; 
wind's  cloiuleil  with  brownitih;  stigma  nearly  sijuure,  brownish.  Long, 
corp.  H.3 — O.i?;"). 

Sy.n.    Limmihlit  hdil'ni  \A'ai.k.,  List,  etc.  I,  p.  4(j. 

l)ii)(iiioiiiijiu  hiimidiritlu  O.  Sackkn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  ISfjO,  p.  HIO. 

Kostruni,  palpi,  and  antcnnic  dark  brown  ;  front  and  verte.v 
jrrayisli-brown.  Thorax  tawny  with  more  or  less  confluent  brown 
stripes;  a  faint  yellowish,  sericeous  reflection  in  the  humeral 
region  ;  jyleurie  brown,  with  some  paler  spots  ;  halteres  pale, 
knob  infuseated  ;  coxse  pale  ;  feet  tawny  ;  a  jjale  band  at  the  tip 
of  the  femora.  Abdomen  tawny,  with  pale  bands  on  the  incisures; 
male  forceps  like  Tal).  Ill,  fig.  2  ;  ovii)ositor  of  the  female  ferru- 
ginous. Wings  somewhat  tinged  with  grayish  and  faintly  cloud,  d 
with  browinsh  ;  a  pale  brown  cloud  at  the  origin  of  the  i)ra.'furca; 
another,  rounded  one,  at  the  inner  end  of  the  submarginal  cell; 
the  cross-viMiis  likewise  clouded  ;  stigma  brown,  in  the  shape  of  an 
elongated  S(piaro.  Tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  generally  a  littlo 
beyiuid  the  origin  of  the  pra^furca,  sometimes  nearly  opposite  it, 
the  cross-vein  very  near  its  tip. 

JIab.  Washington,!).  C;  Trenton  Fads;  Cnuiocti'-ut;  Camida. 


DICUANOMVT  V. 


T3 


romiiinii  in  (liunp,  sluuly  situation.-,  especially  in  Imlldus,  lisning 
a  spriiii^  at  tlie  l)olt()iii. 

Tiiis  species  cun  always  bo  easily  rccojrnizpd  hy  tlie  pule  hand 
al  tilt'  ti])  of  the  femora.  I  liave  found  some  specimens  lu'ar  tiie 
Sliaron  Spring-s,  N.  V.,  witinnit  any  api>an.'nt  l)ro\vn  clouds, 
except  the  St ijiMua ;  Imt  this  pale  band  and  the  other  cliaructers 
undoubtedly  refer  it  here. 


l.**.   11.  IllOI'ioifloH  O.  S.      %  and  9. — Tliornce  nigrn,  iiitiMo,  jileuris 
aigeiiteo-inicaiitibiis  ;  alis  jinllide  int'uscatis,  stiirmato'  t'useo. 

Tliorax  Mack,  shiiiinu  ;  ]>leura'  with  a  silvery  ivlk'ction  ;  wingH  soincwliat 
iiifiiscatwl,  stigiua  lirownish.     Long.  corp.  0.:5. 

iJiciaiioiiiijid  iimrio  0.   Sacken   (nee  Fab.),  Proc.  Ac.   Nat.  Sc.  Phil. 
18.'.!),  p.  212. 


Syn 


Head  black,  front  silvery;  palpi  and  antenna'  Ijlack;  the  last 
jdiiit  of  the  f(jrnu'r  ends  in  a  slender,  cylindrical  prolonu-iitinn,  which 
iiiiaht  be  taken  for  a  hfteenth  joint.  Thora.x  l)lack,  shining  above, 
silvery  on  the  pleuriv  ;   halteres  with  a  blackish  knob;   teet  pale 


hrown,  eoxse  pale. 


Abdomen  brownish,  mar'nns  of  the  seu'ments 


more  or  less  i)ale.     AVings  pale  biownish,  stigma  darker  brown. 

Jlah.  Trenton  Falls,  \.  Y. 

Ill  is.")'.)  I  iiad  identitic(l  this  species  with  the  European  7). 
riiiirio  Fal).  Since  then  1  conceived  some  doubts  about  this 
idciiiity  {Pror.  Acad.  Nat.  Set.  J'hila.  ]8(i(l,  p.  IT),  )»ut  I  have 
nut  had  an  opportunity  as  yet,  for  comparing  a  series  of  speci- 
mens from  Knroj)e  and  from  2sorth  Ann'i'ica.  'I'hi'  latter  seems 
111  have  sonu  what  darker  wings,  but  by  all  nu'ans  the  discrepancy 
is  hardly  anything  nu)re  than  one  of  coloring.  The  peculiar 
'<tructure  of  the  last  antennal  joint  has  alrcuily  been  noticed  by 
.Aleigen  (Vil.  VI,  p.  274). 


■V' 


i 


16.  D.  Itlll'iipenilis  0.  S.  %  and  9- — 01)-;cnrc  brnnnea  ;  alis  ini- 
macuhitis,  in  regioiie  apicali  sparse  pul)esi'entil)tis  ;  stigiiiate  pallida 
iiifuscato  ;  vena  longitiidinali  j.riniu  in  seftiiiilain  (iion  in  costani)  in- 
lUrva  ;   vena  auxiliari  pone  pra'l'uri/a'  initiiuii  extensa. 

])aik  hrown  ;  wings  innnaculate,  sparsely  pubescent  in  tlie  apical  reuion  ; 
stignri  pale  hrowiisti  ;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is  incurved  towards 
the  secoiicl  (and  not  towards  the  costa);  the  auxiliary  vein  is  jir  dongeil 
beyond  the  origin  of  tlie  prppfurca  (Tab.  I,  (ig.  2).     liOng.  corp.  O.o.") — (M5S. 

Syn.   Dicranomi/ia  pithiiicutiLiO.  Sackkn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1851.1, p.  211. 


■75 


m 


K  ! 


74 


BII'TKRA  OP  NOUill  AMKUTCA. 


[part  IV 


:'|:|'  ! 


11. . 


ilii  ,.  ! 


Tlciid  (lark  brown,  antomiiL'  and  iialpi  black.  Tliorax  dark 
l)i'()\\ii,  iiKulci'atcly  sliiiiiiig  and  slig'litly  pruinose  with  ^Tayish 
altovc  ;  stripes  nut  distinct ;  sunn-  jiarts  of  lliu  pleiirue  and  of  tlio 
postci'ior  ]iortion  of  tiie  thorax  arc  rcddisli  or  yellowish-brown. 
Ilaltcrcs  witli  an  infiiscatccl  knob;  feet  dark  l)ro\vn,  femora 
tawny,  paler  al  the  Ijiisis ;  coxiu  brownish-yi'llow.  Abdomen 
brown;  f(»reeps  i)aler;  the  npper  valves  of  the  ovipositor  are 
Very  narrow,  pointed,  and  nearly  straiu'ht.  "Winj^s  (Tab.  I,  fig. 
2)  immaculate,  somewhat  tin^eil  with  <^'rayish ;  stigma  elliptical, 
pale  brownish ;    the  apex   of  the   wing   is   finely  and    sparsely 

little 


jrins  a 


])nl)escent ;  in  the  nnirginal  cell  tliis  pubescence  be 
before  the  stigma,  and  it  occupies  nearly  the  whole  of  the  sub- 
marginal,  posterior,  and  diseal  cells.  The  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  is  aljout  one  length  of  the  stigm'i  beyond  the  origin  of  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  near  its  tip. 
The  first  longitudinal  vein  ends  in  the  second,  forming  a  regular 
arc;  of  a  circle;  tlui  cross-vein  connects  it  with  the  costa.  The 
diseal  cell  of  this  species  is  often  oi)en  (among  twenty  specimens 
caught  by  me  in  \x^}',)  in  the  same  locality,  five;  had  it  open),  and 
in  sucli  specimens,  it  is  the  (in/rrior  branch  (and  not  the  posterior 
one  as  usual)  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  which  is  forked  ;  in 
other  words,  the  diseal  cell  coalesces  with  the  third,  and  not  with 
the  second  posterior  cell. 

Ilah.  "Washington,  1).  C,  not  rare  iu  April  and  ^lay ;  also 
further  north. 

The  pubescence  in  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing,  as  well  as 
tlie  forking  of  the  anterior,  instead  of  the  posterior  branch  of  the 
fourth  vein  are  very  good  distinctive  characters  of  this  species. 


I'y,  I).  ;;lo1)itllorax,  11.  sp.  %  and  9- — Brunnea,  (■apiteantenni.sque 
nigro-fiiscis,  tlioraoo  cilibo  :  alls  l)revioribus,  ])alli(le  i.ifiisccatis,  inimacn- 
latis,  stipiiiatis  vestiL'io  millo;  vena  loujritudiiiali  prima  in  secnndani 
(non  in  costiuu)  iiicurva  ;  vena  auxiliari  pone  pra-fuiwe  initiuni  extenh^a. 

Brown,  head  and  antenna^  l)rownisl)-l)lack  ;  thorax  pihl)ons,  wines  vatluT 
short,  slichtly  tintt^d  with  brownish,  withont  spots  ;  no  vestige  of  a 
stipnia  ;  the  first  lontritudinal  vein  is  enrved  towards  the  second  (not 
towards  the  costa)  ;  anxiliary  vein  prolonged  beyond  the  origin  of  the 
pripfurca.     Long.  corp.  0.2 — 0.22. 

Head,  including  the  palpi,  brownisii-black  ;  joints  of  the  flagel- 
luin    short,    subglobular,    with    a    short,    scattered    pubescence. 


DICRANOMYIA. 


•  J 


Tlinnix  stfikin<rly  }ril)l)()us,  risiiiji^  aliniptly  over  tlic  In'iid  ;  it  is 
lirowii,  iilimist  (i])ii([iio  iiliiivc,  willioiit  distiiiet  striitcs;  iiioni 
tiiwiiv  (111  till'  sides  mid  ixtstcriorly ;  liallcrt.'s  iiifuscati'd  ;  fri't 
hritwiiish ;  coxa;  and  base  of  tlio  fi'inora  palo;  alHldiiion,  iiioliidiiig 
tliciiialo  ji'ciiitals,  fuscous;  ovipositor  rather  sliort  ;  iii)iier  valves 
distiiictly  curved.  AViiigs  comparatively  shorter  and  hroader 
ihan  in  the  related  species,  with  a  sliirht  brownish  tinge;  no  per- 
ceptible vestifre  of  a  stigma.  The  first  longitudinal  vein,  instead 
(if  ending  in  the  costa,  Is  curved  at  its  tip  towards  the  second 
Idiigiludiiial  vein  and  ends  in  it  ;  thus  the  cross-vein  is  apiiareiitly 
jiluced  i)et\veen  the  (irst  longitudinal  vein  and  the  costa  ;  the  tip 
uf  the  an.viliary  vein,  with  the  subcostal  cross-vein  close  by  it,  is 
nearly  opposite  the  middle  of  the  pr.cfurca ;  the  submarginal 
cell  is  not  (piite  one-third  longer  than  the  first  posterior;  first 
and  second  l)asal  cells  of  equal  length. 

I  possess  two  specimens,  a  male  from  the  "White  ^Mountains 
and  a  female  from  Washington,  I),  C. 

This  species  will  bo  very  easily  recognized  by  its  gibbous 
thorax  and  the  total  absence  of  a  stigma.  One  of  my  specimens 
lias  the  discal  cell  closed,  the  other  open  ;  thus  I  am  in  doubts, 
wliat  is  the  rule  and  what  the  exception. 

IS.  D.  rai'a,  n.  sp.  9- — Brunnea,  capite  antennisque  nigris ;  alis  apiifl 
costani  iiiac'ulis  tritms  fuscis,  ([uartA,  ad  apicem  minore  ;  veiui  auxiliaii 
pone  priefiirc!D  iuitiiim  longe  exteusa. 

Brown,  head  and  nnteiniai  black  ;  winas  witli  three  brown  spots  near  the 
costa  ;  a  fouitli.  sniaUer  spot  near  the  apex  of  the  wine  ;  auxiliary  vrAn 
prolonged  far  beyond  the  origin  of  the  pra'furca.     Long.  corp.  0.l2:5. 

Head,  including  the  rostrum  and  the  palpi,  black;  antenna! 
black.  Thorax  pale  brownish,  with  three  darker  stri|)os  aliovc  ; 
a  ciinspicuous  dark  brown  stripe  runs  from  the  collare  across  the 
pleunc  towards  the  metathorax  ;  Ijrown  spots  on  the  sternum, 
between  the  fore  and  the  intermediate  coxa^ ;  halteres  infuscatcd  ; 
abdiimeu  ))ro\vn,  segments  paler  at  the  basis  ;  ovipositor  sub- 
ferruginous  ;  cox.'C  and  femora  ])ale  tawny;  the  latter  wllli  a 
I)rown  band  before  the  tip  ;  knees  pale  ;  tibia'  and  tarsi  bn)\vni>li, 
Wings  distinctly  infuscatcd  ;  a  brown  spot  (sometimes  preceded 
liy  a  pale  streak)  at  the  origin  of  the  second  vejli  j  U  cinalh  r  one 
at  the  tij)  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  a  rounded  brown  sjx)!,  indudi'i 
between  two  whitish  ones,  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal 


mm 


.  ■■■■.)< ■ 


? 


.  i 


n 


IK 


if 


vr, 


DlPTK.n.V  or  NdllTII  AMKIUf'A. 


[I'ART  IV. 


II  !  t 


'''•"■  ,    A 


I! 


m> 


vein;  ii  siiinllci'  one  at  the  tip  of  llio  second  loiij^itiidiiial  vein; 
<,T()ss-v(.Miis  iiil'iiscatfd,  iis  woll  as  tlic  lips  of  all  tliu  ntliiT  ioiifri- 
tudiiial  veins.  S\il>t'(istal  cross-vein  at  llie  tip  of  tlie  au.xiliai'y 
vein,  wliich  i.s  distinctly  Ijej'ctiul  tin;  middle  of  tlio  jn^elnrca  ; 
nnirtrinal  cross-vein  veiy  near  tiic  tij)  of  tin;  lirst  iongitiulinal 
vein  ;  second  hasal  cell  a  little  shorter  tlnin  the  lirst. 
JJub.  Mew  York;  two  female  specimens. 

19.  n.  deflincfa  O.  S.  %  and  9- — Fnsco-cinerea.thoraccvittistritms 
iiif,'n)-t'iisi  is,  iiitiiiiiKMlia  (ln|ilii't^;  jjimIch  iiigro-fnsci,  tViiuuM  apiceni  versus 
anmili)  aU)iilo :  aliP  in  celliiiis  oiniiihiis  .^ifriatim  t'lisco-iiiMculatte  ttt  puuu- 
tatiu  ;   Vena  auxiliari  pone  pnefiirc.e  iiiitiiun  niodice  extensa. 

Brownish  gray,  tI)orax  witli  three  brown  stripes,  tlie  intirniediatc  doulilt^ : 
feet  Ijlackisli-brown,  femora  witli  a  wliitisli  ring  towards  tlie  ape.x  ;  wings 
witli  brown  spots  and  (U)ts  arranged  in  lows  in  all  tlie  cells;  the  .",nx- 
iliary  vein  is  sotnewhat  prolonged  beyond  the  origin  of  the  priofurca. 
Long.  coip.  0.;)5 — 0.4. 

Sy.n.    J>icr(inomi/ia  difuncia  0.  Sackex,  Proe.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  18.')0.  p.  213. 

Head  cinereous,  front  and  vertex  almost  black  in  tlie  middle  , 
rostrum,  palpi,  and  nntenme  fuscous ;  joints  of  the  (lagellum  sn!)- 
gloliular,  with  short  verticils.  Tliora.x  cinereous  with  three  brown 
strijjes,  the  interniediate  one  divided  in  two  I)y  a  pale  lonu'itudinal 
line;  pleuno  varicj^ated  with  brown;  iialteres  pale  with  black 
knoljs  ;  co.xte  cinereous,  feet  brown,  base  of  the  femora  tawny; 
a  very  distinct  whitish  rin<^  at  a  distance  equal  to  its  own  width, 
from  the  tip  of  the  femora.  Abdomen  blackish  cinereous ; 
posterior  nmrgins  of  the  segments  judcr  ;  genitals  ])ale.  Wings 
with  a  grayish  tinge,  s})otted  with  blackisli-brown  ;  subcostal  cell 
infuscated  at  four  intervals  ;  several  spots,  forming  a  short  trnns- 
vorse  band,  along  the  central  cross-veins  ;  series  of  small,  round 
clots  along  the  middle  of  the  cells ;  a  larger  spot  at  the  tip  of  the 
seventh  longitudinal  vein  ;  stigma  square. 

Ilab.  Washington,  I).  C.  ;  Trenton  Falls;  Maine;  Canada. 
I  have  often  found  it  alighting  on  rocks  and  stones  over  which  a 
thin  sheet  of  water  was  running. 

The  forceps  of  this  species  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  1  and  In)  has  more 
elongated,  slender  lobes  than  the  tvpical  Divraitoinijist;  no  rostri- 
forni  horny  append.age  is  a)>parent.  The  ungues  are  large  and 
have  several  notches  on  the  under  side,  instead  of  the  teeth, 
which  characterize  the  Lunnubina.     The  excision  on  the  under 


\l  ^'^'^ 


DirilAXuMVTA. 


77 


siili'  ;it   till'  liasis  ut'  the  last  tarsal  joint  uf  tho  male  is  distinct, 
aliliiHig-h  snuill. 


Tlic  followinj?  spocios  from  California  is  not  incliuk'd  in  tlic 
dicliotoinieal  table  of  pago  (iO. 


rltt,  n.  Iliarinorata  0.  y.  %. — Cinerpo-fusra,  tlmmfe  vittis  trilms 
t'u>cis  ;  iili^  ciiicrco-iiebulosis,  stiginato  iiu.iilningulai'i,  I'lL-rco  ;  fumoriiiu 
aiiifilius  iiifiiscatis.  • 

<ii;iyishl)iown,  thorax  witli  tliree  brown  stripes;  winu's  clouiled  witli 
ciiiiMcoiis  ;  Mtiguui  <ina(lr;iiigiil;ir,  l)r()\vn  ;  tij)  of  tho  femora  lirown.  Ijong. 
(dip.  U.4. 

Sy.v.  Dicrunoviyia  marmuratn  i).  Sackkn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Su.  Pliil.  18G1,  p.  288. 

llostniiM,  iialpi,  and  anfcnnii!  brown  ;  joints  of  llio  latter  sub- 
jrlubular,  verticils  sliort ;  IVnnt  and  vortex  cinereous,  darker  in 
tlic  middle  ;  thorax  einerediis,  with  three  brown  strijies  ;  aixlomeii 
iirownish  cinereous,  posterinr  marfrins  of  the  segments  pale  ; 
lialteros  pale;  feet  yello\vi>h,  tips  of  femora,  of  the  tibia;,  and  of 
tlio  tarsi  l)rown  ;  \vin^-s  sulx-inereous  with  some  darker  clouds  and 
some  hyaline  bands  and  spots;  a  cloud  at  the  origin  of  the  prit'- 
I'urea,  another,  round  one,  at  its  tip;  cross-veins  also  clouded; 
stigma  obscure-cinereous,  elongated,  quadrangular;  the  hyalino 
spots  are  arranged  in  tin;  following  way  :  a  snmll,  rounded  ono 
in  the  anal  angle  ;  a  band  running  across  tho  basal  portion  of  the 
two  basal  and  the  anal  cells,  and  ending  in  the  si)urious  cell  near 
the  posterior  margin  ;  a  spot  near  the  tip  of  the  seventh  longitudinal 
vein  ;  a  large  irregular  hyaline  space  in  tho  central  portion  of  the 
wing,  inclosing  the  stigma  and  the  two  clouds  of  the  pra^furca, 
and  extending  more  or  less  towards  the  posterior  margin,  across 
the  discal  and  the  posterior  cells;  its  outline  is  very  indefinite, 
and  it  is  interrupted  by  clouded  marks  along  the  veins ;  a  small 
iiyaline  mark  at  the  tip  of  the  wing,  in  the  submarginal  cell.  The 
tip  of  tho  auxiliary  vein  almost  corresponds  to  the  origin  of  the 
]>ncfurca  ;  the  snlicostal  cross-vein  is  a  short  distance  before  its 
tip;  the  discal  cell  is  present  (closed),  and  the  great  cross-veiu 
corresijonds  to  its  base. 

Hah.  California;  two  male  specimens  (Mr.  A.  Agassiz).  This 
species  is  related  to  D.  humidicola  0.  S. 


78 


DIPTKUA  OF  NCIRTII  AMERICA. 


[taut  IV. 


:l.''. 


ifi: 

I  Kir 
!  \u 


(I. 


I  '•;' 


One  sulimart'in.il  (•ell ;  four  postt-rior  cells  ;  a  discal  cell.  AiitciiiKH 
14-jnintfii,  sulmumilifoiin  ;  jolntH  not  |)K(liefllt'<l.  lidHlrmn  mid  /iriilKisi'la 
jiriiliJtii/cil,  longer  than  the  lieail  and  thorax  taken  together;  the  nliort 
jialpi  are  inserted  aliout  their  middle.  Feet  blender;  tihi.T  witliont  spurs 
attlitf  tip;  einpodia  imlistinit  or  none;  ungueri  with  troth  on  the  under 
side.  The  forceps  of  the  inalH  is  like  that  of  Iiicrdnoinijlii,  ancl  oonsiHtH 
of  two  lleshy,  uiovable  lobes,  with  horny  ai)p»jndage3  and  a  horny  style 
under  them. 

This  genus  is  most  closely  allietTto  DiiTnnomyin,  nnd  is  (lis- 
tiufriiished  IVctin  it  only  by  tlu;  eiionnously  developoil  oral  piirts. 
These  consist  of  a  very  louf?,  suheylindricnl  epistoma,  a  still 
longer  lingua,  which  is  slender  and  pointed,  and  a  hihiiiin  divided 
in  two  branches  at  the  tip,  terminated  by  slender,  flattened  lobes; 
these  branches  are  divergent  and  sometimes  curled  up  in  dry 
specimens.  The  short  ])alpi  (l)i-articidat(!  according  to  Mr. 
Curtis)  are  inserted  about  the  middle  of  the;  ])roboscis  to  the 
anterior  angles  of  the  rostrum.  This  proboscis  \a  principally 
used  for  sucking  moisture;  and  flowers, 

Mr.  llaliday  (ICnfomol.  MiKjaz.  I,  p.  ir)4)  descril)cd  this  genus 
in  is;};{,  establishing  it  upon  G.  iniicolor,  a  spee-ies  found  on  tiie 
rocks  and  shrid)S  near  the  sea-shore  in  England  and  Irehmd. 

Mr.  Curtis  (lirit.  Enfom.  573,  1S;3.t)  gave  a  bcautiftd  plate 
and  a  description  of  this  genus,  which  ho  very  correctly  dis- 
tinguishes from  Rhamphidia,  by  stating  that  the  latter  has  10- 
and  not  14-jointed  antemue,  and  a  rostrum  of  a  different  structure. 
The  structure  of  the  proboscis  of  Geranomyia,  subjected  to  a 
careful  dissection,  is  represented  on  the  plate  (the  figure  is  repro- 
duced in  Walker's  Im.  Brit.  Dipt.  IIT,  Tab.  XXVII,  fig.  6,  a,  h). 
The  second  species,  described  by  Mr.  Curtis  {G.  mavulipenniH) 
was  considered  by  later  authors  as  a  variety  of  G.  unicolor  (comp. 
Walker,  1.  c.  310). 

G.  xinicolor  has  hitherto  been  found  only  in  England  ;  a  second 
European  .species  has  been  discovered  in  Austria  and  also  called 
G.  maculipennis  {Vcrh.  Zool.  Hot.  Gi'!<.  in  W'ioi,  1804). 

Macqiiart  (Dipt.  E.rot.  I,  p.  02,  is:is)  described  the  same  genus 
under  the  new  generic  name  of  Jpoj-o.^n  ;  he  introduces  two 
H))ecios,  one  from  the  Canary  Islands,  the  other  from  Isle  Bourbon. 
But  the  American  continent  seems  to  be  much  more  abundant  in 
Geranomyise.     Mr.   Locw  (Linn.  Entom.  Vol.  \,  p.  304)  pub- 


■I  in 


«U;ilAN<»MVIA. 


T!) 


li-hcil  six  spccit's  IViiiii  IJrnzil,  Cliilc,  mid  tin-  West  linlics;  Mr. 
AValkcr  {Lis/,  etc.  Vitl.  I),  niic  IVkim  .laiiiiiica  anil  (/>//'/.  S'limd. 
j(t.  V)  oiw?  IVoiii  IJra/.il ;  l)r.  riiilippi  (  IV/V/, /r»o/.  /Inf.  (,',.•<.  in 
M'ifti,  iSCf),  i».  r)l)7,  Tal),  XXIII,  liuT.  1)  dcscrilu'd  four  -|M'cics 
from  Cliilc  under  tlic  now  frciuric  name  of  I'h-lliixa ;  Mr.  l!<'llardi 
{S(tij(jii>,  etc.  .Ijiprndicc,  p.  2)  one  from  Me.\i('..  As  three 
species  from  liio  I'liitcd  States  have  '«eeii  deserihed  hejow,  this 
iiiaki'S  a  total  of  tweiily  species,  only  four  of  wliieh  belong  lo  the 
old  world. 

Maecpinrt's  Aporofia  nnd  Philippi's  ricltuxn  heinj;  identical 
with  (icrdnonujia  and  posterior  to  it  in  point  of  time,  have  to  Im 
•riven  up  as  generic  mimes. 

The  name  Gcntn'nmjid  is  derived  from  ytpovos.  a  crane;,  and 
niia,  a  lly. 


1  rostrata  .'^'"//. 


Tdhh  fur  (letfrmhiiiKj  tin',  ssptriis. 

,  (  Wings  spnttHil. 

(  Wings  not  spotteil.  ,  2 

f  Tlie  auxiliary  vein  ends  in  the  co-^ta  n»»arly  opposit>^  tlic  oiJL'in  of  tli« 

I  pr.Tfuroa.  li  diversa  <>.  .S. 

4"J      I  * 

I  The  auxiliary  vein  eiid.s  in   the  ii'  i  .   far  Iteyond  the  oiiciu  of  tlie 
I         ]>i'x>fui'ca.  3  canadensis  Wmtw. 

lU'scrljt'iiiii  of  tit)'  s/iiciis, 

1.    Cw.  rostrata  I^av.      1  and  f. — Alis  fusco-maculatis  et  nebulosis. 

Wings  witli  brown  spots  and  clouds.     Long.  corp.  0.3. 

Sv.N.   IJmnohiit  rostrata  Say,  Journ.   Acad.   Nat.  Sc.   Phil.  Ill,  p.  22,  6. — 
WiKi).  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  35,  'JO. 
Geranoiiij/i(i  rostrata  O.  Sackkx,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  ISfifl,  j).  207. 

Front  and  vertex  {rray ;  ])roboscis  and  antennsT?  black.  Tliora.x 
^rrayish,  often  with  a  yellowish  or  brownish  tinjre;  three  more  or 
less  distinct  blown  strijjcs;  ])lenra'  with  a  hoary  bloom  ;  scutellum 
and  metathorax  brownish,  with  a  grayish  bloom  ;  halteres  with 
a  dark  brown  knob  ;  feet  tawny,  tips  of  the  tibia^  black,  snb- 
clavate  in  appearance;  tips  of  the  tarssi  infuscated.  Alxlomon 
brown,  venter  paler.  Wings  with  five  brown  spots  along  the 
anterior  margin  ;  the  cross-veins  and  the  tips  of  all  th<;  veins 
along  the  apex  and  along  the  posterior  margin  are  donded  with 
l)ale  brown. 

JJab.  "Wasliington,  P.  C. ;  X'ew  \'ork ;  ]\[assacliusetts;  Illinois; 
Canada.     I  have  brought  home  a  specimen  from  Cuba,  which  1 


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Dll'TEllA  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


frAKT  IV, 


Ix-lifvo  to  ))(•  till)  same  spci-ics.  li  sliows  some  slijilil  «linL'rt'iiccs, 
tin;  most  strikiM}^  of  wliicli  is,  tluit  tlie  brown  spot  ut  the  tip  of 
lilt;  first  loiifritmlimil  vein  is  limited  jtosterioriy  by  tiie  seeontl 
iDhfritudinal  vein;  wliereas  in  my  Nortii  Anierieaii  speeimens,  it 
erosses  tiiis  vein  and  invades  the  inner  end  of  tiie  subnmrginul  cell. 

!2.  ti.  dBV#*l*sa  O.  S.     %  and  9  .— Tliorace  cinfiHO,  vittis  tiil)ns  olHciire 
fusfi.-' ;  vmiHj  auxiliariri  a}>ii;e  pra-rurcrtf  initio  plus  niinusve  ojiposilo. 

Thorax  pray,  with  thrt-H  ilark  hr.iwn  stripes;  tlic  tip  of  tii«  auxiliary  win 
is  nearly  opposite!  the  origin  of  the  i!r:efurca.     Long.  forp.  0.25 — 0.2S. 

yvN.    fierniiowi/i<t  tlimrs'i  <).  Sackkx,  Prou.  Ac.  Nat.  tic.  I'liil.  ]8.")!),  p.  207. 

Troboseis,  palpi,  and  aiitenmc  black  ;  front  and  vertex  frrayish. 
Thiirax  with  a  frrayisli  bloom  al»(»ve  and  with  three  well  marked 
dark  brown  stripes;  pleiirie,  seiiteljiim  and  )iietathorax  lioary, 
their  ground  color  brownish  ;  halteres  with  a  brown  knob;  feet 
tawny,  eo.Mu  and  basis  of  the  femora  ])iilt'r.  Alxlomen  brown; 
male  foreei)s  ])aler.  Wings  slightly  tinged  with  brownish  ;  stigma 
very  slightly  darker;  a  slight,  hardly  perceptible  nelmlosity  at 
the  origin  of  the  i)ra'fiirca ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  forms  an 
«)btti.se  angle,  sometimes  nearly  a  straight  line,  with  the  tip  of  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  opposite 
the  origin  of  the  prajfiirea. 

Hub.  Trenton  Falls,  X.  Y. 

The  i)robosei.s  of  this  species  is  mncli  shorter  than  that  of  the 
two  other  soecies.     The  male  of  /jiinnohiorln/ncJius  brazilicnsis 


Westw,  (Ami.  Snc.  J-JiU.  tie  Fr.  18:J5,  p.  OS.S)  is  a  Ger 


anomyia, 


which  is  not  unlike  CI.  r//iv/>rt  ;»the  stripes  of  the  thorax  are 
likewise  narrow  and  dark,  and  the  i)osition  of  the  marginal  cross- 
vein  is  the  same.  I  have  seen  the  specimen  in  Mr.  AVestwood's 
collection,  without  having  suljjected  it  to  a  close  comparison  with 
(/.  (liveraa. 


3.   CJ.  canadenHiH  Westw.     %  and  9  .— Tliorane  p.Vllide  fnsco,  vittis 
trilnis  obscurioribus  ;  vend  anxiliari  pono  prrefurcse  initium  extensa. 

Thorax  pale  brown,  with  three  darker  .stripes  ;  auxiliary  vein  extended 
beyond   'le  origin  of  the  prcefurca.     Long.  lorp.  0.2.')— 0.28. 

Svx.   Limiiohiofhi/nchus  canadensis  Wkstw.   .Ann.  Soc.  Kntoin.  de  Fr,  1K3.5, 
p.  Gf^3. 
lieranouiyia  communis  0.  Sackks,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  207. 


RHII'IDIA. 


81 


Head  tawny,  somewliat  grayish  (ni  llic  front ;  antenna?  blackish, 
Hiitkr  side  of  the  lirst  joint  tawny  ;  proboscis  and  palpi  brown, 
tlif  former  paler  at  the  basis.  'I  l.orax  Iirownish,  with  three  more 
or  less  dark  brown  .stripes;  phurse  pnler;  nuialhorax  Iirownish, 
with  a  hoary  bloom;  lialteres  infiisealed,  pale  at  tli»^  basis;  feet 
tawny,  tips  of  tiie  femora,  of  the  tibiic,  and  of  the  tarsi  brown. 
Al)doHieii  itrttwn,  posterior  inarj;ins  of  the  se<rments  paler;  venter 
pale.  Winirs  very  slifrhtly  tinjred  ;  stifrma  browrdsh  ;  the  tip  of 
the  first  lon<ritudinal  vein  is  inenrved  towards  the  second,  the 
niarjrin.il  cross-vein  Iteinjr  ap])arently  between  it  and  thecosta; 
the  tij)  of  the  anxiliary  vein  is  nearly  opj)osite  the  middle  of  the 
pra'fiirca. 

Ihih.  ^Vasllin<rton,  D.  C.  ;  Upper  "Wisconsin  IJiver  (Kenin- 
eott) ;   Illinois  (LeIJaron). 

Tlie  proboscis  of  this  species  is  very  long",  at  least  once  and  a 
half  the  lenjrlh  of  the  lliorax.  I  have  seen  the  oriffinal  specimen 
of  Liinnohiorln/ndiiis  cannth'nsis  Westwood,  in  the  anthor's  own 
collection;  (compare  tlie  genns  'Toj-or rhino.) 

Gen.  HI.   RIIIPIDIi. 

One  snl)niargiiial  cell;  four  posterior  cells;  a  discal  cell.  AiitentiJB 
14-jointe(l ;  hiixctiiiatc,  pertinate  or  siili/iprtiiiiite ;  joints  of  tlm  f1a,L'elli:iii 
always  distinctly  petlicelle«l.  Rostnun  and  proboscis  short.  Feet  slender ; 
tiliiie  without  spurs  at  the  tip  ;  enipodia  indistinct  or  none.  The  forops 
of  the  male  is  like  that  of  JJicnnmmi/ia  and  consists  of  two  ininiovalle, 
lU'shy  lobes,  and  a  horny  style  on  the  under  side  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  5  and  5(/). 

Bliii>i(lia  is  princiiially  distingnished  from  Dicranomyia  by  the 
structure  of  the  anteniue.  This  structure  is  most  ))riiminent  and 
]ieenliar  in  the  nndc  of  J{  mnni/fitd  M. ;  the  joints  of  the  fhijrellniii 
(except  the  basal  and  the  terminal  ones)  emit  in  this  species  two, 
rather  long,  branches.  In  the  two  other  North  American  species 
•i\\i\  in  the  second  European  species  (A*,  unixi'rintd  Schin.)  the 
joints  r»f  the  Ihigellum  bear  only  a  single  branch,  which  is  shorter 
than  those  of /i".  waru/o/a.  Tiie  fe'vuies  of  all  the  species  have  a 
Mioniliforn)  flagellum,  thr.t  is,  the  single  joints  are  separated  by 
distinct  pedicels  ;  th;  joint.s  of  the  basal  half  of  the  flagellum  are 
sopicwhat  projecting  on  the  under  side. 

The  auxiliary  vein  reaches  more  or  less  beyond  the  origin  of 
tie  second  longitudinal  vein,  and  in  this  respect  Rhipiilin  ngre<s 
with  those  North  American  Dicranomyiue,  which  have  Bpotted 
6     July  1838. 


;;■*■;'''- 3f»*-H|^^ 

'•  ''■''^i>^~'^^^ 

'■'■^■^'MA 

J  WjOT'o 

■'  '!'''■ -St 

'■'  ■  -a 


''f 


l:'    I,' 


83 


DIl'TKllA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  IV, 


wiiif^s  (/).  I'nrn,  (h'funria).  Tlio  subcostal  cross-vein  i'.i  all  the 
spucit's  known  to  me,  is  close  by  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ; 
the  nmrj^iiiul  cross-vein  close  l)y  the  tip  of  the  lirst  longitudinal 
vein.  The  slendeniess  of  the  feet,  the  structure  of  the  forgeps  of 
vne  male,  etc.,  remind  one  of  Dicruiioini/ia  (compare  the  forceps 
of  li.  inavulata,  figured  by  me  in  Stelt.  Ent.  Z.  1854,  Tab.  I,  fig. 
3,  and  that  of  R.  doincsliva  in  the  present  volume,  Tab.  Ill,  fig. 
5,  5  a). 

The  genus  Rhipidia  (from  /Jt>tij,  a  fan)  was  established  by 
Meigen,  in  1818,  for  the  only  European  species  at  thtt  time 
known.  A  second  Euroj>ean  species,  R.  vuLseriata,  has  been 
only  very  recently  (1804)  described  by  Dr.  Schiner.  Among  the 
three  North  American  species,  one  occurs  also  in  I*]urope ;  the 
other  is  very  like  the  European  R.  uuixeriala,  and  the  third 
seems  to  be  common  to  the  United  States  and  to  Braail.  A 
Rhipidia  from  CalTraria  exists  in  the  Berlin  Museum. 

Taliti'  for  the  determination  of  the  species. 

'  Wings  with  spots  and  clouds  scattered  over  the  whole  ."nrface. 

1  macniata  M. 

Wings  with  some,  brown  spots  or  clouds  along  the  anterior  margin 

only.  2 

(  Antenn.-p  lilack.  2  fidelis  O,  S. 

Q    f 

^  Antennte  with  the  two  penultimate  joints  yellow.     3  domestlca  0.  S. 


Description  of  the  species. 

1.  R.  macillata  M.  'J,  and  9.— Cinereofnsca,  thoracis  vittabrnnno4, 
at;*'  Inht•uli^»  niajorilms  in  margine  antico,  pnnetis  et  niaculis  minoribus 
in  cellulis  oninibus,  fuscis ;  antenme  maris  bipt-'-tinat.-e. 

Grayish-brown,  thorax  with  a  brown  stripe  ;  wing.s  with  larger  brown  spots 
along  the  anterior  margin  and  with  smaller  .spots  and  dots  in  all  the 
cells  ;  antenna*  of  the  male  bipeetinate.     Long.  corp»  11.3 — OA. 

SvN.    lihipidin  vmcuhitn  Mkiokx,  I,  p.  Vi'^  \  Tab.  V,  fig.  0-11. — 0.  Sagke.v, 
I'rof.  Ac.  Nat.  Su.  Phil.  ISJiO,  p.  208. 

Front  and  vertc:.  gray ;  rostrum,  palpi,  and  antenna)  black ; 
joints  of  the  flagellum  (except  the  basal  and  the  terminal  ones) 
bi|»ectii.ate  in  the  male;  in  the  female,  these  joints  project  dis- 
tinctly on  the  under  side.  Thorax  brownish,  pruinose  with  gray 
above  ;  a  broad  brown  stripe  in  the  middle  ;  lateral  stripes  some- 
what indistinct ;  halteres  pale  ;  feet  tawny ;  coxa)  and  base  of  the 


RUIPIblA. 


83 


femora  pule;  tip  uf  tlio  lutter  iiiid  uf  iho  tibia;  brown.  Abdoinoii 
bniwii.  Wiiif^s  with  a  gniyisli  tinge,  densely  covered  willi  pale 
l)n»uM  spots  and  snndler  dots  ;  several  larjrer  sjtots  alon<^  the 
anterior  margin  ;  iiunicrous  dots  in  all  the  cells ;  cross-veins 
cidiided 

Ihib.  Kiirope  and  North  America;  principally  the  northern 
regions  of  the  latter.  White  Mountains,  N.  H.  ;  Trenton  Falls, 
N.  Y.  ;  Washington,  I).  C.  ;  Maine  (I'ackard)  ;  Hudson's  Hay 
Territory  (Kennicott) ;  Illinois  (id.).  Tiiis  insect  occurs  twice 
in  the  year,  in  the  spring  and  in  autumn  ;  it  is  more  rare  towards 
the  south. 

A  fenmle  s))ccinicn  in  my  possession  has  the  spots  along  the 
anterior  margin  larger  and  the  nebulosities  on  the  cross-veins 
darker;  the  smaller  dots  in  tlie  cells,  on  the  contrary,  are  not  .so 
dense  as  usual,  leaving  large  hy-aline  intervals  between  them. 

'i.  R.  fitlc*li8  O.  S.  ^  and  9- — Cinereo-fuaca,  thoraci:i  vittabrunnei; 
alis  in  luargine  anteriore  fusco-nebuloflin  ;  afiteiinae  maris  luiipectinata'. 

Grayish-brown  ;  thorax  with  a  brown  stripe  ;  wings  with  brownish  clouds 
along  tlie  anterior  lui^rgin  ;  antenufc  of  the  male  uuipectinate.  Long, 
corp.  0..3. 

Syx.   lihlfiidia  Jidelin  O.  Sackkn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  209. 

Rostrum,  palpi,  and  antennae  biackish  ;  the  llagellum  of  the 
latter  (beginning  with  its  second  joint)  is  short  unii)ectinate  in 
the  male,  and  only  moniliform  in  the  female;  thorax  browni.sh, 
pruinose  with  gray  above,  a  broad  brown  stripe  in  the  middle ; 
lateral  stripes  less  distinct,  llalteros  pale;  feet  brownish,  femora 
])ale  at  the  basis,  darker  at  tip.  Abdomen  brown;  male  genitals 
])aler.  Wings  with  a  j)ale  brownish  tinge,  excepting  a  large 
whitish  regi(m,  embracing  the  )»ra;furca  and  the  stigma;  in  this 
region,  however,  the  stigma  itself,  a  round  spot  at  the  origin  of  the 
prielurca,  another  (»no  at  the  inner  end  of  the  submarginal  cell, 
and  a  small  dot  at  the  tip  of  the  au.viliary  vein  are  brown  ;  a 
narrow  margin  along  the  ape.v  of  the  wing  is  likewise  wliitish. 

JIub.  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y.  ;  Illinois.  I  possess  only  two 
specimens. 

The  European  Jl.  uniaeriata  Rchin.  is  remarkaldy  like  this 
species,  but  the  ape.x  of  tl'o  wings  is  altogetlier  dark. 


\'.n^ 

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vm 


84 


niPTKUV  OF  NfdlTH  AMKIIKA. 


[part  IV. 


'¥■4 


il' 


3.   Il>  domcHtica  O.  S.      %  and  9 — Aiitfiiiin<  iiiiriip,  artictilis  tlngelli 
reiiiforiuibuM,  uubpectiiiatis  ;   )>a-iiultiuio  et  nnti^imuiultiiiu)  tlavis. 

Antt'iinip   brown,  joints    of    tlie    flngflluni    itMiiforin,   HulijK-ctiiintf ;    t1it« 
penwltiiuiite  and  aniepenuHiniatu  joints  yelluw.     Long.  coip.  0.:{ — O.'.i^t, 

Svx.    liliijiiiliii  (lomeslicn  O.  Sacke.n,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  I'hil.  ]>-5!>,  p.  208. 

Front  and  vertex  cinereous ;  rostrum  and  palpi  lirown  ;  eye.s 
almost  eonlij^uous  ;  in  living  s})eeiinens  dariv  green  above  and 
purple  below  ;  antenna)  blaek  ;  pt-nultinnite  and  aiitipenultimate 
joints  yellow;  Ihigellnni  nionililbrni ;  its  joints  rcnilorni.  'I'liorax 
ycllowisli-brown,  sericeous,  when  viewed  in  a  certain  light;  the 
thoracic  stripes  (a  doui)le  intermediate  one  and  broad  lateral 
ones)  occupy  the  posterior  i>art  of  the  inesonotnni ;  the  anterior 
l>u. .  shows  a  brown  line  in  the  middle,  which  is  expanded  in 
front,  and  several  brown  dot.-^  on  the  humeri  ;  two  brown  stripes 
on  the  pleune,  one  running  from  the  collare,  backwards;  the 
other  along  the  base  of  the  coxa;.  Ilalteres  tawny,  with  a  dusky 
s|)ot  on  the  knob;  feet  tawny;  coxa;  and  basis  of  the  femora  jmle; 
lijis  of  the  feunjra,  of  the  til)iic,  and  of  the  tarsi  brown.  Abdo- 
men brownish  ;  lateral  nuirgins  of  the  segments  darker ;  forceps 
tawny  (Tab.  Ill,  (ig.  .'>  and  ;')«).  Wings  tinged  with  pale  brownish  ; 
first  aiul  fifth  longitudinal  veins  yellowish  ;  the  others  brownish  ; 
live  brown  spots  along  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  more  or  less 
expanded  on  both  sides  of  this  vein  in  the  shape  of  clouds  ;  the 
thirtl  spot  (counting  from  the  root  of  the  wing)  is  connected  with 
•A  cloud  at  the  origin  of  the  pra^furca ;  i\w  fifth  is  a  round  spot  at 
the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  it  is  connected  with  a  cloud, 
surroumling  the  .stigma,  the  centre  of  which  is  pale;  a  pale  cloud 
at  the  inner  end  of  the  subnuirginal  cell  ;  tips  of  all  the  longi- 
tudinal veins  and  all  the  cross-veins  clouded ;  pale,  indistinct 
clouds  in  sctme  of  the  cells. 

JItib.  AVashington,  I).  C,  not  rare;  Pali.sades,  New  Jersey. 
I  have  seen  in  the  IJerlin  Museum  a  specimen  from  Brazil,  which 
J  believe  to  be  the  same  species. 


Gen.  IV.   LI.niVOBIA. 

One  snbinarginal  cell ;  fonr  posterior  cells  ;  a  discal  cell.  The  marginal 
cross-vein  is  sometimes  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  but  often 
nt  Home  distance  anterior  to  this  tip,  crossing  the  stigma  ;  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  is  usually  far  beyond  the  origin  of  the  prsefurea.     Auteunao 


'!!ii;i..i 


MMNOniA. 


85 


14-  (oflcn  appnn'iitly  I'l-)  jointMl.  Feet  comparatively  fitroni? ;  tiMic 
u  ithiMit  spins  at  tliH  tip  ;  einpodia  imlistinct  or  none  ;  ungues  witli  seVfial 
t..-ili  nil  the  niidcr  side,  giving  them  a  pectinate  appearance.  Tlie  foncps 
III  ilie  male  consists  of  iwo  horny,  movable  liooks,  and  a  liorny  style  under 
tiiem  (Tab.  Ill,  llg.  ti  and  7). 

This  fji'iiiis  is  (•iosi'ly  ullieil  to  Dirranomijin,  but  ciiii  be  easily 
(listiiijruisiu'il  by  I  lie  struct  .iro  of  the  forceps  of  the  Tiu>h',  ami,  iu 
most  eases,  liy  the;  greater  h'ligth  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  which 
cxteiids  far  lieyoml  the  origin  of  the  pnefurca  and  cuds  lu-arly 
opposite  tilt!  inner  end  of  the  subniarginal  cell.  The  Kuropenu 
L.  in(irri»!</i(/ma  is  the  only  species  I  know  of,  the  au.xiliary  vein 
of  wliich  extends  'out  very  little  beyond  the  origin  of  the  i)ra'l'urca; 
but  the  marginal  cross-vein  of  this  species  is  situated  about  the 
middle  of  tlu;  stigma  and  at  some  distance  from  the  tip  of  the 
first  loiigitiulinal  vi-in,  which  is  n"ver  the  case  among  the  Dicra- 
nomijifv. 

The  first  longitudinal  vein  of  Limvobia  is  generally  also  longer 
than  that  of  Dicranomijin  ;  its  tip  is  usually  nearly  opposite  the 
middle  of  the  subinarginal  cell;  sometimes  (as  in  L.  jxtrivlina) 
far  beyond  the  middh;.  Thediscal  cell  is  closed  iu  all  the  species 
which  I  have  had  occasion  to  exumine.  The  nuirginal  cross-vein 
is  either  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  or  at  some 
di.stance  from  the  tip.  In  the  first  case  it  often  occurs  that  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  appears  incurved  towards  the  second,  and 
that  the  cross-vein  seems  to  be  i)laeod  between  it  and  the  costa 
(this  same  structure  occurs  among  the  ]>k-ranumijin).  A  more 
detailed  comparison  between  the  venation  of  Lhnnubla  and  Di- 
vranomijin  has  been  given  above  on  i>age  5T. 

The  Lnnnohive.  are  generally  larger  and  more  strongly  built 
than  the  Dicrannmi/ifv ;  their  rostrum  and  palpi  are  somewhat 
lunger;  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  more  elongated,  esiiecially 
towards  the  tip;  the  verticils  longer;  the  feet  stouter,  often  more 
liiiiry  ;  but  all  these  characters  are  not  of  an  absolute  value. 

The  ungues  of  Lhniwhia  have  several  distinct,  and  very  striking 
teeth  on  the  under  side,  which  give  them  a  ])ectinate  aiijiearance ; 
ill  some  species  they  reach  to  the  middle  of  the  unguis,  ',\\  otliers 
they  extend  almost  to  the  end. 

The  colors  of  the  LimmthiiK  are  for  the  most  part  bright  and 
striking,  with  well  defined  stripes  on  tlie  thorax,  bands  on  the 


«f 


•!!■  T' 


80 


DIPTEUA  OF  NOIITH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


i'  -;:• 


v<r 


,-,-.. 


ft'ci,  and  spots  on  llio  wiiijrs;  tlioy  f<jnii,  in  tlii.s  ro.spoet,  u  cunlrast 
\vilh  till'  n>tmll}'  dull  colorinjr  oi"  tlic  Jfivranumijifi: 

TIk!  la.st  antrnnul  joint  of  this  fj:i!nus  often  .shows  a  cylindrical 
]>nil<)n<ration,  sometimes  .slightly  cluvato  at  the  tip,  which,  even 
in  livinj;  specimens,  looks  like  a  lifleentli  joint.  That  this  is  not 
a  real  joint  .seems  to  l)e  proved  l»y  the  circumstan<e  that  closely 
allied  species  dilfer  with  rejiard  tit  its  strncture;  one  species  nmy 
appear  to  have  ir>-jointed  untennu;,  whereas  in  the  nu.\t  one  only 
14  joints  can  he  counted. 

The  larvie  of  this  jrejius  live  in  decayinj?  vogetablc  matter, 
t'speeially  in  wood  and  fuiiffi.  Stannins  ( />c///v/j/c,  etc.  p.  202) 
found  the  larva  of  Lininnhia  jaiif/iujilcra  (a  specii's  related  to 
the  North  American  //.  trioveUaln)  in  an  Aynrirus:  the  larva 
was  wrapped  in  a  sheath  of  earthy  matter,  rough  on  the  outside, 
smooth  and  shiny  on  the  inside;  it  went  under<^round  for  tran.s- 
formation.  A'an  Koser(  W'rz.  Wiirt.  y>//(/.)  discovered  the  larva? 
of  L.  (iiniulitH  (clo.sely  allied  to  L.  riiiftipoi  Say)  in  decayed 
wo(>d  ;  they  are  like  an  earth-worm  in  size,  as  well  as  in  color, 
and  line  their  burrows  with  a  kind  of  silken  web. 

Limnohiu  may  bo  subdivided  in  two  groups,  defined  by  the 
])osition  of  tlso  margiind  cross-vein. 

The  first  t->"'*"P'  having  the  cross-vein  close  Ity  the  tip  of  the 
first  longitudinal  vein,  contains  large,  very  characteristic  .species, 
the  typical  Limnohhe.  X  remarkalde  jiarallelism  exists  in  this 
group,  between  the  species  from  Europe  and  from  North  America. 
7y.  (innultiti  Lin.  is  closely  allied  to  />.  cinclipes  Say;  L.  quadri- 
nuldia  Meig.  is  analogous  to  L.  nolildnd ;  and  L.  xauthoptern, 
although  Itclonging  to  a  somewhat  dilfercnt  type,  is  represented 
in  North  America  by  L.  trioccllatn. 

Jn  the  second  group,  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  at  some 
listance  from  the  end  t)f  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  more  or 
less  appro.ximated  to  the  middle  of  the  stigma.  The  ovipositor 
of  the  fcmaUis  of  this  group  is  more  long,  slender  and  pointed 
than  the  ovipositor  in  the  first  group;  the  short,  curved  shape  of 
the  latter  being  more  like  the  ovipositor  of  Dirranov\yia.  Four 
North  American  species  belong  to  this  group,  two  of  which  have 
clouded,  and  the  two  others  almost  immaculate  wings.  In  Europe, 
this  grou))  is  more  abundantly  represented,  and  there  is  a  number 
of  lianrlsome  species  with  more  or  less  jticlured  and  clouded  wings, 
whici),  as  far  as  known,  have  no  representatives  in  North  America 


LIMNOniA. 


87 


(such  arc  the  Europcnii  L.  /lnrij)c»  Mt-ij;.,  nubcvuluHa  M.,  xijlri- 
(1)1(1  Sclmrii.,  iiiijroiitnicldid  Schinii   etc.). 

Tlif  iiaiiie  JJiiiiiohia  (IVoiii  Xi^iuj,  hike,  s\viiiii|),  iitid  iiuM,  I  live), 
lis  orijriiiully  inintduccMl  l>y  .Mfi^ji'ii  (iSlS),  ciiiltniccd  all  the 
l»n'vii>til|»ous  Tijtulidii,  with  the  i'.\cliisi(tii  of  i'.rinjitcrd,  Adixo- 
1'ii'ra,  Trkhovcni,  uiid  Ji'liijiidia.  Mun|Uart  al'tiTwards  cmdirKMl 
it  to  tho  spfcii's  with  lour  imstcrior  ci'lls.  Tin-  jrcnus,  in  Its 
present  liuiitation,  (hite?  IVoiu  tiie  time  of  the  separation  of  Dicrd- 
vmiiifiu  by  iStepheiis  in  IH'JM;  it  lias  continued,  however,  in  the 
jirineipal  works  published  since  (especially  those  of  Zetterstedt 
and  Walker),  to  bo  received  in  Meij^eu's  wide  acceptation.  My 
delinitioii  of  Liiunobia,  in  1S;V.),  was  coincident  with  the  wlnde 
section  Limnohiiin  ;  Uhijtidid,  (jcrdDono/id,  Dicfniioiinjid,  aud 
Limnubia,  iu  the  narrowest  sense,  were  treated  us  subgenera. 


r 
I 

I 
I 


Tiihlc  fur  (liiirmiuinij  the  species. 
The  marginal  cross-v»'iii  is  at  tiie  tip  of  tlie  fiist  loiitritndinal  vein.'     2 
TliH  marginal  oniss-vi-iii  i.s  some  Uistunct)  htnk  of  tliu  tip  of  the  first 
longitudinal  vein.  {> 

I'einora  with  on«  or  more  hrown  bands  before  the  tip.  3 

Femora  without  brown  bands,  brown  at  the  tip  only. 

5  triocellata  0.  S. 
Knob  of  the  halteres  pale  at  the  tip.  4 

Knob  of  the  halteres  altogether  infust^ated.  ^ 

Femora  with  two  brown  bands  and  a  pale  band  between  them  ;  a  ring- 
like spot  at  the  end  of  the  fust  longitudinal  vein. 

1  cinctipes  S((y. 

Femora  with  tlireo  brown  bands  and  two  pale  ones  between  them  ;  the 

brown  spot  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vfin  is  entire,  not 

ring-like.  2  immatura  O.  S. 

A  Si^ries  of  more  or  less  nnmerous  (from  two  to  eight)  lnown  dots 

along  the  first  basal  cell.  3  solitaria  0,  S. 

Four  large,  dark,  almost  equidistant  brown  spots  in  the  tiist  basal 

i-ell.  4  hudsonica  0.  S. 

Wings  clouded  with  brown.  7 

Wings  immaculate  (or  with  a  few  small  brown  dots  near  the  anterior 

margin  only).  8 

Posterior  cells  clouded  in  the  middle.  *1  parietina  0.  S. 

Posterior  cells  not  clouded  in  the  middle.  7  indigeua  O,  6. 


'■•'■'^ptJill 


'  Wlienever  the  structure  occurs  that  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is  in- 
curved towards  the  second,  whereas  the  cross-vein  seems  to  be  placed 
between  it  and  the  costa,  the  cross-vein  is  to  be  considered  as  being  at  the 
tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein. 


t:  i- 


R  .v;)l 


I    '1 


!■   '     ]f 


;iv 


H 


m 


m 


m 


■it;   . 


1IM    ■ 


88 


nirTF.RA  OF  NOnTIf  AMEHICA. 


[I'Al'.T  IV. 


/  Wings  Willi  iialtf  Imtwii  tliitx  at  tlin  tip  of  tliM  niixiliary  vt'in,  t)i*-  oriL'iii 

E  I  ul  till*  piaturc-a,  and  at  botli  fiulriul  the  Htignia.    h  tristigma  O.  S. 

'  Wings  t'ntirely  iinnianiiate.  i)  aociabiliH,  n.  sp. 

Deiiciijilioii  of  the  H/ifc!e». 

1.  li.  <'hlC'ti|ie(t  Sav.  %  and  $>. — TlmraclH  vittiit  quatnnr,  ffinoniiii 
anntilis  dtinbn;*  fusiis  :  lialteiinn  ('ii|iitnlo  pailiilo,  ad  liu«in  rusio ;  iklie 
fnsc(»-niacu!at;i)  »'t  ntdnilosji^  ;  vciinia  tiansversalirt  niarginaiis  juxta 
apiciMn  v«*n!e  longitudinalis  i>iini!r  ^ita,   tuvilo  fiisco  inclusa. 

Thorax  with  four  lirown  stiipfs,  femora  with  two  brown  bands ;  lialtert^fl 
witli  a  pah'  knob,  wliich  \a  infnsi-atetl  at  tlie  basis;  wingH  spotted  and 
clondt'd  with  brown  ;  the  marginal  cross-vi'in  is  at  tht*  tip  of  tin-  first 
longitudinal  vein  ;  a  brown,  ring-iiku  ("pot  pa8!<e!i  over  it.  Long.  coip. 
0.5— (•.*). 

SvN.  Liiiiiiohin  rlnrii/wx  Say,  .Tonrn.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  Ill,  21,  4. — Wiedk- 
MANN,  Anss.  Zw.  I,  3:!,  I'l.— O.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil. 
18.V.»,  p.  214. 

Roptruin  1111(1  i)ul|»l  infuscatcfl ;  nntcnnte  brown,  more  or  less 
fernifriiious  nt  tlu;  litisis  (usually  the  first  tliroo  joints);  front 
yellowisli-ciiK'rt'ous ;  vertex  with  a  larjre  brown  spot,  divided  in 
two  by  a  yellow  line.  Tliorax  yellow  with  four  dark  brown 
stripes;  tlie  iiiterniediate  ones  separated  by  a  narrow  yellow  line; 
in  well-preserved  sjiceiiiiens,  these  stripes  are  eovered  with  a 
grayish  bloom,  exeept  in  the  niiddlu  of  tlio  iiiterniediate  ones  and 
at  the  anterior  end  of  the  lateral  ones,  where  i\w  eolor  is  velvetv- 
blaek  ;  hniiieri  yellow,  with  a  sniull  brown  dot  ;  the  reiuaiiiing 
])ortions  of  the  thorax  are  yellow,  more  or  h'ss  sjiotted  with 
brown  ;  halteres  pale,  with  a  lirowii  spot  at  the  luisis  of  the  knob; 
feet  yellow  ;  femora  with  two  Ijrown  bands  before  the  tip,  wliieh 
is  yellow;  tarsi  infnscated  beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  joint. 
Abdomen  fernitriiKtus-yellow,  with  brown  bands  aeross  the  jtos- 
terior  half  of  the  sefrments;  the  bands  on  the  anterior  seji'iiients 
interrupted  ;  venter  darker  towards  the  tip  in  (he  male  ;  poiiitals 
pale  ferrn<riiious.  AVings  somewhat  yellowish,  with  brown  sj)ots 
and  clouds ;  four  spots  along  the  anterior  margin ;  the  first  at  the 
inner  end  of  the  basal  cells;  the  second  at  the  origin  of  the  prse- 


'  The  structure  where  the  first  longitudinal  v«*in  is  incnrved  towards  the 
second  and  the  cross-vein  is  apparently  i)laced  between  it  and  the  eosta, 
generally  occurs  In  this  species  and  the  four  following;  this  cannot  prevent 
us  from  considering  the  cross-vein  as  being  at  the  tip  of  the  first  vein. 


MMXOHIA. 


80 


fiirca  ;  <))•'  tliini,  (l<iii1)l(>  spnt.  iit  tlio  li|)  or  tlic  aiixiliarv  vein  niitl 
at  llic  iniicr  cikI  of  tlie  siilMiiai-friiiiil  t-tll ;  the  t'niirtli,  riiig-likc  mir, 
nl  tlic  tip  of  tin-  tii'>t  li>ii}riiii(|iiial  vein;  ci'ttsM-vciiis  iiiTu.-catcd  ; 
a  ptilr  lii'iiwii  liaiitl  ci'iis^'s  the  crlls  of  tlir  n|iical  poi'liuii  of  tlit> 
wiiiif ;  scvfral  irrt'jrular  pale  ln'uwii  cldiids  in  llio  cflls  aluiij; 
till'  posterior  iiiur<;ih,  Icavinj^  .soiiif  pellucid  spots  aloii;;si(lc  ul" 
till*  iiiar^nii. 

Unit.  Missouri  (Say);  Washington,  D.  C,  end  of  i\pril; 
Illinois  (Kcnnicott ) ;  Massacliu>t'tis  (Scnddcr). 

Ill  frtneral  appearance  this  species  is  very  like  the  European 
I..  nnnuliiK  Lin.  ;  le.it  there  arc  nnniistakahle  diirereiiees  in  the 
details.  My  feiiiak'  specinieii  shows  no  hrown  hatnls  on  the  ali- 
(luiiiiiial  segments;  this  is  niid«»nl»tedly  accidental,  us  Wicdeiiiunn, 
ill  (lescribiii{^  u  funiulc,  mentions  them. 


*l.  I-  iniiniltlirn  n,  S.  'J,  mid  9.— Thoracis  vittis  qiiatnor,  femora 
aiiniilis  triliu.H  fiii^ci!* ;  linltt-ruiii  ciiiiitulo  apice  pallido;  alie  fuaco- 
inaiulatip  et  iielmloHa",  reiiula  transversalis  inarifinaliH  jiixta  npioem 
vfihT  lontjitudinalis  priiniv  sita,  iiiaciila  riisca  iiitegnl  iiit-luria. 

Thorax  with  foar  brown  fitiipcs,  feniora  with  three  lirowii  hanil:) ;  tht*  knob 
of  tiie  halteres  is  pale  at  tlu'  tip  ;  winus  spotted  and  idoudKil  with  lirowii ; 
the  iiiargiiial  cross-vein  is  at  the  tip  of  thn  lir.^t  longitudinal  Vf  in  and  is 
iiiuhidfd  in  a  brown,  entire  (not  ring-like)  spot.     Long.  corp.  0.4 — 0..'). 

Sy.v.    Liwnohiii  imnKitina  O.  Sackk.n,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  I'hil.  18.")!),  p.  214. 

Very  like  the  preceding  species,  hut  sliowiii}^  tlu!  followiiifiC 
difl'ercnces :  it  is  smaller  in  sizt? ;  the  femora,  besides  the  two 
brown  hand.s  bri/oml  the  middle,  have  a  third  one  in  the  middle; 
it  i.s  jiale,  although  distinct,  especially  on  the  anterior  pair;  the 
lateral  edges  of  the  abdomen  are  l)lack,  but  there  are  no  black 
stripes  on  the  posterior  portion  of  tlit  segments;  the  spot  at  tho 
tij)  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is  entire,  not  ring-like;  the 
gray  band  at  the  tip  of  th(!  wing  and  the  diluted  cloi'ds  along 
the  jtosterior  margin  are  much  darker;  on  t!ie  Iiumeii  there  is  a 
large  subtriaiigular  brown  spot,  almost  occupying  the  whole  space 
which  is  yellow  in  L.  cinclii)eti ;  the  pleune  are  darker ;  the  basis 
and  the  tip  of  the  lialteres  are  pale,  the  whole  intermediate  space 
being  dusky. 

Ilah.  AVashington,  I).  C,  in  May,  Upper  Wisconsin  liiver 
(Keiinicott)  ;  Maine  (Packard). 

In  this  species,  the  fork  formed  by  the  subcostal  cross-veiu  with 


.rv 


-m 


i"^  r 


T 


m 


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i'l  :  ^: 


I  S' 


( 

I 
1      I 


1  1 

1''  ;     ■ 

■  '  ''  jL 

\ 

^ 

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111! 

II 

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ll 

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f 

3-l'-i: 


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90 


MlTKIl.V  OF  NOHTII  AMK.UICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


till!  tip  of  llic  niixiliary  vfin,  usnnlly  Iiiih  tlio  posterior  liriuicli 
((^iiiliii^  ill  tlio  first  |oii^itii;liiiiil  vuiii)  distiticlly  longer  tliiiii  tli*' 
utitcrior  out'  (ciHliiig  in  iIk*  co.sta). 

3.  r.  Holitnrill  O.  S.  %  nnd  9.— Ttmrnx  vitt&  nifililV  pnllhliV.  fuHoo 
iiwtruMiatii ;  lialtHiiitii  t-a|iitiilM  infu.Moato  ;  aid*  riiNCO-iiiHt^iilatn' fl  iifltii- 
ItHW,  ill  ri'lliiiti  hasali  |iriiiia  Herie  itiiiiutoruiii  fiiscuriiiii  ;  Vfiiiila  traiH- 
vcrHulis  uiarginnliH  jiixta  upicem  veiite  loiigitudiiinli!^  iiriiniu  Hita. 

'I'liorax  with  a  palt*  intermediate  Htripe,  margined  with  lirown  ;  knoliof  ttie 
halteres  inl'uscated  ;  wingM  H|iotted  and  clouilnd  witli  l)rowii ;  a  HerieH  ol 
Itrowii  (lots  ill  th«  flrst  lia.-<Hl  ceil :  the  marginal  crosH-vein  at  the  tip 
of  the  flrHt  longitiiilinal  vein.     Long.  corp.  0,4—1)..'). 

Syn.    l.imnuliia  toUtnrin  O.  Sackkm,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  IS.'iO,  p.  21.^. 

Hostruin  and  palpi  iiifiiscntcd  ;  front  with  a  yellowish  ciiu'rcous 
vcfkH'tion;  vertex  iiifnseated,  with  a  yellow  line  in  the  middle; 
nnteiinie  hrown  ;  (irst  joint  yellow  ;  the  two  or  three  following 
yellowish  at  the  liasis,  iiifnseated  at  the  tip.  Thorax  yellow;  in 
the  middle  a  pale  yellowish  stripe  margined  with  hrown  ;  these 
brown  margins  -xre  mure  or  less  broad,  so  as  to  invade  pometimes 
nearly  the  whole  strijje,  except  a  yellowish  line  in  the  middle; 
two  lateral  i)rowi.  stripes,  extended  beyond  the  sutnre  behind  ; 
seutelluin  and  metathorax  pale  yellowish,  sericeous,  both  with 
lateral  brown  spots;  halteres  with  brown  knobs;  femora  with  a 
brown  band  at  the  tip,  preceded  by  a  pale  one ;  tibiic  and  tarsi 
yellowish  tawny,  the  former  infuseated  at  the  tip,  the  latter 
beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  joint.  Abdomen  yellowish-ferniginous; 
an  indistinct  brown  band,  formed  by  a  series  of  spots,  in  the 
middle  of  the  back;  genitals  pale;  male  forceps  like  Tab.  Ill, 
fig.  fi  ;  the  ovipositor  has  the  horny  transverse  piece,  to  which 
the  upper  valves  are  fastened,  very  broad  and  stout;  this  causes 
the  basal  portion  of  the  valves  to  apjiear  more  divergent.  Wings 
yellowish,  with  brown  spots  and  clouds  :  an  obli(iue  spot  extends 
from  the  inner  end  of  the  .stigma  to  the  inner  end  of  the  sub- 
marginal  cell  ;  the  posterior  end  of  the  stigma  is  likewise  infus- 
eated ;  a  series  of  l)rown  dots  begins  with  one  at  the  inner  corner 
of  the  first  basal  cell  and  extends  more  or  less  far  along  the  middle 
of  this  coll ;  they  are  more  or  less  numerous;  sometimes  eight  or 
nine,  reaching  the  inner  end  of  the  snbmarginal  cell,  so.metimes 
only  two  or  three  at  the  inner  end  of  the  basal  cell ;  the  spot 
nearest  to  the  cloud  at  the  origin  of  the  pra^furca  is  often  the 


LIMNOlilA. 


•1 


larL'<'!^t  of  tliom;  tlicro  Is  a  palo  lirnwiiish  l)ttn(l  across  the  npinil 
|i>irtii)ii  of  tlio  wiii^  ami  sMitit>  (.•luiitis  iilnii^  tlii!  |M)st(>i'i<ir  iiiar^riii. 

//<///.  Trt'iitiin  Falls,  N.  Y.  ;  Wliit  •  Mnuntains,  N.  II.;  Maiiif 
(I'Mckanl);  iiorlliwi-tiUTn  rogious  of  llie  Ilud.son'a  IJay  Ttrriiory 
(Kt'iiiiicoii). 

Ill  till'  liv(.'  male  hpcriinciis  wliirli  I  liav<?  before  mo,  tlic  auxiliary 
v<<iii  nuls  ill  tli(!  costu  a  little  licyoiid  tlio  inner  end  of  the  Hti^iiiii, 
and  the  eross-vrin  is  Moniewliat  anterior  to  the  tip  of  this  vein. 
Thus,  the  fork  fornie(l  Ity  them  hu.s  its  nntt'rior  l»raiieh  loiijfer 
than  tlie  po.sterior  one  (tlie  opposite  is  Iho  t'ase  in  most  speeimenH 
of  //.  nin)i(iliira).  The  two  fenuilo  specimens  in  my  possesi  ion  do 
not  show  these  characters;  both  l)ranehes  of  the  fork,  above 
alluded  to,  are  of  the  same  length,  and  the  anterior  one  does  not 
reach  Iteyond  tlie  inner  end  of  the  stigma. 

•1.  L.  Illldsonica  0.  S.  9  •  — '''^"^''i''  vittifl  qnntnor;  1iatt«'rpA  en- 
jiiiulo  I'liHcn ;  aire  fiisco  tnaoiiiatro  ft  n«l>idosjB ;  niaciilis  olmcnrtt  fuse  !.•< :  in 
(■••lliilil  liasnii  priiiiiV  iiiacul.'i>  i|iiatiu>i  iiiai;iia3,  r«'rt>  aM|iiiilistaiiti's  ;  vt*imla 
traiisvt'isa  iiiargiiiiili!<  juxta  a|iirfiii  vena*  loiigitmlinalis  itiiniic  sita. 

Thorax  witli  four  lirowii  stripes  ;  knot*  of  the  lialteres  lirnwn  ;  w!iii;h  with 
bi'own  s])ots  ami  clniidH  ;  the  spot.s  dark  lirown  ;  the  flrst  basal  cell  con- 
tains four  large,  nearly  uijnidistant  spots ;  the  marginal  crods-veiu  id  at 
the  tip  of  the  iirst  loiij/itudinal  vein.     Long.  corp.  0.5. 

Svx.   Limnohia  hmhonica  0.  Sac  kbk,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  16(11,  p.  269. 

Head  blaeki.sh  above,  with  a  cinereous  bloom ;  vertex  with  a 
yellow  line  in  the  middle  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  brown  ;  antenna; 
Itrown  ;  first  joint  ycllowish-ferrujrinous  ;  the  two  following  like- 
wise, but  more  or  less  marked  with  l)rown.  Thorax  brownish- 
yellow,  with  four  brown  stripes ;  the  intermediate  ones  are  sepa- 
rated b}'  a  yellowish  line,  which  is  gradually  widened  anteriorly  ; 
pleura;  nii.xed  with  ;, ellowish  and  brown  ;  halteres  with  a  brown 
knob.  Abdomen  reddish-yellow,  apparently  with  brownish  bands 
on  the  posterior  segments.  Wiiig.s  with  deep  brown  spots  along 
the  anterior  margin  ;  the  first  is  at  the  inner  end  (»f  the  two  bassil 
cells ;  its  hindmost  tip,  which  is  in  the  second  ba.sal  cell,  is  con- 
nected with  a  second  spot  in  the  first  basal  cell;  the  third  spot, 
nt  the  origin  of  the  prtcfurca,  is  trapezoidal,  its  ol)liqiio  sides 
l)eing  somewhat  emarginato;  the  fourth  fornts  an  oblique  band 
between  the  inner  end  of  the  subniarginal  cell  and  the  anterior 
margin  ;  the  fifth  and  last  is  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  stigma. 


•.I',- 


.» i?i~»'l 

<?•■*«*  J 


■  ^  4  ■biii 

-. '  J'  -if 


m- 


Mi   'i 


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I:  Is;*'' 

:i!il|    it!  ' 


C2 


DIPTKIIA  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


[part  TV. 


The  I'cinainiiitr  portion  of  the  wing  is  cU)iHk'd  with  brown,  as  in 
tlie  tiirce  prct't'iiing  sju'cics,  only  lli.ose  clouds  are  darkor. 

Jlab.    Slave  Lake,  II.  H.  T.  (Kennioott). 

I  have  (tnly  a  >*ingle  female,  the  fet-t  of  wliieh  are  broken  off  and 
the  abdomen  somewhat  injured  in  its  coloring.  The  infuseated 
kniti)  of  the  lialteres  and  the  coloring  of  the  intermediate  stripe 
of  the  thorax  prove  the  relationship  of  this  species  to  L.  solilaria. 
The  structure  of  the  antenna;,  the  joints  of  which  are  compara- 
tively shorter  and  stouter  in  L.  hudsonica,  and  that  of  the  ovi- 
positor, which  is  not  so  broad  at  the  basis,  prove  to  my  satisfaction 
that  this  is  not  a  darker  variety  of  //.  xolitaria.  The  anterior 
branch  of  the  fork,  formed  by  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  with 
tlie  subcostal  cross-vein,  is  longer  than  the  i)osterior  one. 

In  the  Pror.  Acad.  Xat.  Sri.  Philad.  18(51,  p.  '2i)0,  I  have  tried 
to  establish  dillerences  between  the  four  above  described,  closely 
allied  species,  based  upon  tlie  shape  (»f  the  fork  formed  by  the 
tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  with  the  sidx'ostal  cross-vein.  These 
difTerences  are  not  entirely  reliable,  however,  as  I  have  had 
occasion  to  convince  myself  since.  I  ])oysess,  moreover,  several 
northern  specimens  of  a  doubtful  character,  which  i)rove  either 
that  the  number  of  the  species  belonging  here  will  have  to  be 
enlarged,  or  that  the  tyi)ical  forms  of  the  species,  such  as  I  have 
described  them,  undergo  considerable  modifications. 

5.  L.  triocellata  0.  S.  %  and  9  •— '■'lavo-ferruginea,  thoraccllneis 
et  piiiu'tis  nigiis  ;  alje  flavescentes,  ooellis  tribns  parvis  fiiscis  ;  venula 
trausvtM'sa  marginnlis  juxta  apiceni  priuine  loiigitudiuali3  sita. 

Yellowisli-ferniciiions,  thorax  with  black  lines  and  dots  ;  wings  yellowisli, 
with  tliree  sma'!  lirown  eyti-liko  spots ;  marginal  cioss-vein  at  the  tip 
of  tlie  first  longitudinal  vein.     Long.  corp.  0.35 — 0.4. 

SvN.   Limiiobia  tiiocfllata  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Thil.  1859,  p.  216. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brown  ;  antennic  pale  ferruginous-yellow  ; 
front  slightly  hoary  ;  vertex  yellow.  Thorax  ferruginous-yellow, 
shining  above  ;  collare  l(»ng,  with  a  longitudinal  brown  stripe  in 
the  middle;  on  tiie  niesonotum,  two  short,  brown  lines  near  the 
collare  and  four  brown  spots  before  the  suture ;  a  brown  dot  on 
the  humerus ;  pleune  yellow,  slightly  hoary,  with  two  or  three 
brown  dots  between  the  fore  eoxa^  and  the  root  of  the  wingr  ; 
between  the  thoracic  suture  and  the  .scutellum,  two  brown  lines 
in  the  middle  and  a  dot  on  each  side ;  metathorax  with  brown 


LIMNOniA. 


93 


niiuks  in  the  four  corners;  haltcros  ))alo,  with  brown  knoi)s ;  ffct 
i'triiij:iiioiis-y('llo\v.  iiuiry;  tips  of  the  fumoin  and  last  joints  of  tho 
tiirsi  l)ro\vnish.  Abdomen  ferrujjcinous-yellow,  margins  of  tho  t^eg- 
iiifiiis  l)ro\vn.  AVings  tinged  with  yellow;  subcostal  cell  more 
siiiiirate  yellow;  a  brown  ring  at  the  origin  of  the  pra'furca ; 
iiiintlier,  smaller  one  at  tho  inner  end  of  the  subcostal  cell ;  a 
thinl.  sometimes  indistinct  one,  at  the  i)ostcri()r  end  of  tlie 
stigma;  the  anterior  end  is  also  marked  with  a  brown  spot;  a 
liiuwM  shade  along  the  nuirgin  of  the  wing,  between  the  stigma 
and  the  apex;  tijjs  of  the  longitudinal  veins  clouded;  a  small 
lirown  elontl  at  the  inner  end  of  tho  first  basal  cell.  Tip  of  tho 
auxiliary  vein  opposite  the  inner  end  of  the  eubniarginal  cell ; 
the  cross-vein  at  this  tip. 

lldh.  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Trenton  Falls,  X.  Y. ;  Upper  Wis- 
consin Kiver  Hvennicott).     July,  Angu-st. 

6.  L.  parietina  O.  S.  ^  nnA  9- — Fnsct^scens,  thorace  fnsspo-vittiito  ; 
alls  loiigis,  versus  apii-fTn  Kitis  :  eanim  iiobulis,  striiiis  et  iiiaoiilis  pallide 
fiisii.s ;  stigiiiate  pallido,  loiigo  ;  venulil  tratisv<>rsil  inaiginali  ab  aux- 
iliai'is  i-t  priniro  longitudinalid  apicibus  a}qutt  distans. 

Browiri.  1'  t'-or  ix  witli  lirown  stripes  ;  wings  long,  broad  towards  tlio  apex  ; 
with  i):ile  brown  clouds,  streaks,  and  spots;  stigma  long,  pale;  the 
marginal  cross-vein  at  an  eijua'  distance  from  the  lips  of  the  auxiliary 
and  of  the  first  longitudinal  veins.     Long,  corr    O.U — 0.05. 

Syn.  Limnohhi  jmrietino  O.  Sacken,  Proe.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phila.  IStil,  p.  289. 

Head,  rostrum,  and  i)alpi  dark  brown;  nntenna)  i>ale,  joints 
of  llie  llagellum  brown  at  tho  basi.s.  Thorax  yellowifsh,  sericeous, 
witli  three  brown  stripes;  the  intermediate  one  is  divided  in  two 
liy  a  longitudiiKil  i.idt',  sometimes  hardly  apparent  line;  scntelhnu, 
iiiotalli(n'ax,  and  {)lenrio  orownish ;  hulteres  infuscated,  whitish  at 
tlie  tip  ;  feet  tawny,  tip  of  the  femora  brown ;  a  i)ale  band  bt-fore 
it ;  tarsi  brown.  Abdomen  brownish,  posterior  margins  of  tho 
segments  and  a  longitudinal  stripe  along  the  middle  of  the  back, 
]mlc.  Wings  with  clouds  on  all  tin.  cross-veins  and  with  pale 
liidwn  irregular  clouds,  spots,  ami  streaks  in  alnutst  all  the  cells; 
ill  the  subinarginal  and  tho  second  posterior  cells,  these  clouds 
assume  tho  shape  of  an  inverted  V  ;  a  trace  of  a  similar  figure  is 
visiiile  in  the  third  posterior  cell.  The  stigma  is  very  long,  pale; 
the  marginal  cross-vein  is  a  little  anterior  to  its  middle,  and  nearly 
ill  ill  -  middle  of  the  distance  between  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  and 
8 


:^.'Ht-di 


^m^ 


04 


DIl'TERA  OF  NOKTII  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


tliiit  of  tlic  first  loii'^itudiiial  vein.     The  outline  of  tho  wing  is 
IK'ciiliiii",  as  it  is  liiirdly  niirmwecl  at  all  towards  the  apex. 

llab.  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y. ;  on  fences,  in  September,  numerous 
male  and  female  specimens. 


't'-ff 


jii'si  .■:- 


''  I  flf 


7.  I«  iiidigeiia  O.  S.  %  and  9. —  Flavescena  ;  thorace  vittis,  ab- 
(loiiiine  fasciis  furicis ;  alls  fusco-ncbulosis ;  venulil  transversa  niar- 
ginali  ab  apice  ven;e  longitudiualis  primre  roraotd. 

Yellowish,  thorax  with  brown  stripes,  abdomen  with  brown  bands  ;  wiiii^s 
clonded  witli  brown  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  at  some  distance  from  tiie 
tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein.     Long.  corp.  0.4 — 0.45. 

Syn.   Limnobiu  ind'ujena  0.  Sackkn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  1859,  p.  215. 

Head  black,  front  with  a  silvery  reflection ;  antenna;  and  palpi 
black  ;  first  joint  of  the  flafrellnni  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the 
second.  Thorax  pale  brownish-yellow,  shining,  with  three  dark 
brown  stripes,  the  intermediate  one  is  double  and  does  not  qnito 
reach  tho  transverse  suture ;  scutellum  dark  brown  with  a  yellow 
line  in  the  middle;  metathorax  brown;  pleura)  with  a  brown 
stripe,  running  from  the  Ija^'is  of  tho  wings  to  tho  intermediate 
coxai ;  a  hirg(!  brown  spot  anterior  to  the  basis  of  tho  lialteres ; 
the  latter  pale  yello  v,  faintly  infuscated  in  the  middle  of  tlie 
stem  ;  feet  yellowish-tawny,  with  two  brown  bands  on  the  femora 
and  a  pale  one  between  them  ;  tip  of  the  tibia;  and  the  tarsi  in- 
fuscated. Al)domen  brown  ;  base  of  tho  second  and  of  the  follow- 
ing segments  with  a  broad  yellow  band  ;  forceps  of  the  male  like 
Tab.  1 1  r,  lig.  7.  "Wings  tinged  with  yellowish,  stigma  brown ; 
central  cross- veins  clouded  with  brown;  three  brown  clouds  form 
an  interrupted  and  more  or  less  distinct  band,  in  the  middle  of 
the  first  basal  (.ell,  on  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  ami  across  the 
anal  and  axillary  cells;  veins  in  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing 
all  margined  with  fu.^cous  :  the  marginal  crcos-vcin  is  anterior  to 
the  middle  of  the  stigma. 

Hah.  Maine  (I'ackard);  Tapper  Wisconsin  River  (Keunicott); 
"Washington,  1).  C.  ;  New  York.     May,  June. 

S.  f...  tristigina  O,  S.  %  and  9 .— Perrugineo-flava,  capite  nigro, 
thoracis  \X'X  fiis(ta ;  alls  llavesceiitibus  immaculatis,  nebulis  quatuor 
marginalilius  parvis,  pallide  fuscis  ;  venulfl,  trausversA  marginal!  ab 
apice  venaB  longitudinalis  prirape  reraotfl,. 

Ferruginous-yellowish,  head  black,  thorax  with  a  brown  stripe ;   wing-s 


LIMNOKIA. 


95 


yellowbli,  immaculate,  with  four  small  brown  clouds  along  the  anterior 
margin;  the  marginal  cross-vein  at  some  distance  from  the  tip  of  the 
lirst  longitmlinal  vein.     Long,  corii.  0.4. — (•.45. 

SvN.   lAmmbia  triatiyma  0.  Sai  ke.n,  I'roc.  Kntom.  Soc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  210. 

Head,  rostrum,  and  palpi  black,  front  sli<?Iitly  Imary ;  tlw  (ir.st 
jiiitciiiial  joint  black  at  iho  root,  yellow  towards  the  tip;  ihc  lol- 
luwiiiji;  four  or  live  joints  i)alc  yellow;  the  remainder  of  the  joints 
jnriiscated  at  the  basis.  Thorax  pale  ferrufrinous  ;  a  broad  l)rown 
<ti'ipe  extends  over  the  collare  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  meso- 
iKitiim  ;  halteres  yell<»\V,  sli{>;htly  brownish  at  the  tip;  feet  yellow- 
ish-tawny; femora  with  two  l)rown  bands,  one  beyond  the  middle, 
the  other  near  the  tip.  AI)domen  yellow.  Wings  yellowish; 
Hti^nif*  pale,  infnseated  at  both  ends;  a  snmll  rounded  cloud  at 
the  tip  of  th(!  auxiliary  vein  ;  another  one,  but  much  paler,  at  the 
origin  of  the  priefurca;  the  stiji-inatical  cross-vein  is  in  the  middle 
of  the  stigma,  at  .sonio  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  first  longi- 
tudinal vein. 

Hub.  X(>ar  Chicago,  111.,  in  July,  1859,  five  male  and  six  female 
specimens. 

This  si)ecies  is  somewhat  like  the  Kuroi)ean  L.  fripinir/afa 
Fab.;  only  in  the  latter  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  infnseated, 
and  not  the  two  ends  of  tln^  stigma;  the  three  clouds  are  also 
nnich  darker  than  in  L.  trhtiijma. 


'.Al, 


<•-* 


9.  L.  sociabilis,  n.  sp.  9- — Oehracea,  from,^  et  ahdomine  superne 
iiit'usoatis ;  thorace  vitta  fuscii ;  alis  inimacnlatis ;  venultl  marginal! 
transversa  ab  apice  vena)  longitudinalis  modice  remota. 

Ocliraceons,  front  and  the  abdcmie.i  above,  infnseated  ;  thora.x  with  a  brown 
stri|)e ;  wings  immaculate;  the  marginal  cross- vein  is  at  a  moderate 
distance  from  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein.     Long.  corp.  0.35. 

Head  3'ellow ;  rostrum  and  palpi  likewise;  front  arid  a  ))art 
of  the  vertex  infnseated;  antenuic  yellow.  Thorax  ochraeeous- 
ycllow,  shining  above,  with  a  broad  brown  stripe  oxM-nding  over 
the  eollare  and  the  middle  of  the  mesonotum  ;  vestiges  of  lateral 
stripes,  coalescing  with  the  intermediate  one  ;  sciitellum  and  Micta- 
tliorax  brownish  in  the  middle.  Halteres  browi'ish-oehraceoiis, 
pal((r  at  the  base.  Abdonnsi  l)rownish  aI)ove,  yellow  on  the  under 
side;  ovipositor  with  remarkably  straiglit  upper  valves.  Wings 
yellowish,  immaculate  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  a  little  beyond 


<p/ 


H':>: 


96 


DIPTERA  OF  XOaXII  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


the  middle  of  the  stij^iiui,  and  hence  ncanT  the  {:[}  of  Iho  first 
longitudinal  vein  than  in  the  preceding  species. 

Ilah.  Illinois  (Kennieott)  ;  a  single  female.  The  feet  arc 
wanting  and  the  thora.x  is  somewhat  injured  by  the  pin ;  but  the 
species  can  never  be  mistaken  for  any  other. 


The  following  species  from  California  has  not  been  included  in 
the  diehotomical  taljle  on  page  87  : — 


Wii'  r  1/  + 


1. 


lit. I. 


lO.    I...  califorilica  O.  S.      %. — Tlioracis  vittis  quatnor  fiL^cis  ;  alls 
fii.scesceiitibus,  puUide  I'^ji.estratis, uiargiiie  antico  maculis  quatuor  fiisci:*. 

TV  .-"x  with  four  brown  strip«»s  ;  wings  brownish,  witli  some  .siibhyaliiiu 
".' ,s  ;  anterior  margin  with  four  browu  spots.     Long.  corp.  0.7 — 0.8, 

Syn.    Limnobia  californicn  0.  Sackex,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  1861,  p.  288. 

Front  and  vertex  brown;  under  side  of  the  head  yellow; 
rostrum,  palpi,  and  antenna;  brown  ;  two  basal  joints  of  the  latter 
y(>llow.  Thora.x  yellowish,  mixed  with  brown  ;  Ihe  two  inlev- 
mediate  thoracic  stripes  are  narrow,  parallel ;  at  their  anterinr 
end,  they  coalesce  with  the  brown  margin  of  the  mesonoturi, 
which  is  broadest  at  the  humeri;  pleura',  scutellum,  and  nu-ta- 
thorax  more  or  less  tinged  with  brownish  ;  basis  and  tip  of  the 
halteres  ]tale,  the  intermediate  portion  infuscated  ;  femora  brown- 
ish;  a  yellow  band  before  the  tip,  which  is  black;  tibiie  ferrugi- 
nous-brownish, brown  at  the  tip ;  tarsi  ferruginous-brownish  at 
the  basis,  the  renuiinder  brown.  Wings  with  a  uniform  brownish 
tinge ;  four  large  brown  spots  along  the  anterior  margin  ;  the 
first  at  the  inner  end  of  the  first  basal  cell ;  the  S'cond,  somewhat 
trapezoidal  in  shape,  at  the  origin  of  the  jjra^fur  ra ;  both  do  not 
cross  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  do  ';ot,  thei  efire,  reach  the 
anterior  margin  ;  the  second  is  limited  posteriorly  by  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  ;  the  third  spot  is  double,  consisting  of  an 
oblique  spot  which  begins  at  the  margin,  just  beyond  the  tip  of 
the  auxiliaiy  vein  and  coalesces  with  a  round  spot  at  the  inner 
end  of  the  siibmarginal  cell  ;  the  fourth  spot  is  at  the  tip  of  the 
first  longitudinal  v  'in  ;  it  is  semi-oval  and  is  inclosed  between 
the  costa  and  the  second  longitudinal  vein ;  there  are  several 
subhyaline  spots  on  the  surface  of  the  wing;  a  large  angular  one, 
beginning  about  the  middle  of  the  anal  cell  and  reaching  the 


THoononoLA. 


97 


i/iislcrior  niarjriu  at  tiie  tip  of  tlic  seventh  lonjritudinal  vein;  in 
tlic  .•.(•(•(Hid  l»ii.<«i  cell  (near  tjje  f^reat  cross- vein)  ;  in  tliu  diseal 
cell ;  at  the  tip  of  tiio  winji:  and  on  both  Hides  of  the  fourth  hrowii 
siMit  ;  a  siddiyaliiie  lonjjitudiiial  streaiv  crosses  tiie  second  brown 
spot  id  tlif  iirst  liasal  cell  and  the  round  spot  at  tiie  inner  end 
of  the  siiliniarjiinal  cell  i.s  encircled  in  ]»ale.  Tlie  saljcostal  cross- 
vein  is  iilniost  in  one  line  with  the  tip  of  tiie  auxiliary  vein. 

Ihi}).    California  (.Mr.  Ale.\.  Agassiz).     A  sinjj^le  nude. 

Tills  species  lieloiij^s  to  the  relationship  of  L.  cim-Upe)<  and 
imiiinfiird.  Ijiit  is  ea.'^ily  distinjruislK'd  by  its  larjrer  ssize  and  by 
its  hruwiii,-;b  winys,  marked  with  .^iiljliyaline  spots. 


1 


Gen.  V.    TROCIIOROLA. 

One  subinarginal  cell ;  lour  posterior  •■■'^U  ;  a  diseal  cell ;  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  is  far  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ; 
the  marginal  cross-vein  is  some  distance  anterior  to  the  tip  of  the  Iirst 
longitiiilinal  vein;  <i  sn/irniiiin'rurij  cross-rein  couiKcts  tin'  sixth  mid  stranth 
hin(jilii(liii(tl  veins  (wing,  Tab.  I,  fig.  4),  Aiiteniue  14-jointed.  Feet  slender  ; 
tibiae  without  spurs  at  the  tip ;  empodia  indistinct ;  ungues  with  teeth  on 
the  under  side. 

Ti'ovholxAa  is  most  closely  allied  to  the  Limnohise  of  the 
second  g-roup  (those  with  the  niarffiiial  cross-vein  removed  from 
the  tip  of  the  Iirst  longitudinal  vein) ;  like  these  species,  it  has 
pictured  wings,  lirown  bands  on  the  femora,  a  long  au.xiliary 
vein,  etc.  But  it  is  easily  distinguished  from  them  by  the 
presence  of  a  supernumerary  cross-vein.  The  antenna;  have  less 
elongated  joints,  and  look  almost  iii6niliform  ;  the  feet  are  more 
slender  than  in  the  majority  of  the  Limnohise;  tlio  structure  of 
the  male  forceps  is  somewhat  intermediate  between  Limnohia 
anil  JJivranomi/ia ;  the  fleshy  lobes  of  the  latter  are  somewhat 
reduced  in  size  here  and  the  rostriform  appendage  is  compara- 
tively larger.  (A  figure  of  this  forceps  has  been  given  by  me  in 
tiie  Slctt.  Entom.  Zeitxchr.  1854,  Tal).  I,  fig.  1  ;  it  represents  the 
furceps  of  the  European  T.  annulata  Lin.) 

The  number  of  si)eeies  belonging  to  this  genus  is  small,  they 
have  a  remarkable  distribution  all  over  the  world,  and  they  all 
(as  far  as  known)  have  the  same  eye-like  spots  on  the  wings.  T. 
annulata  lAn.  {imperiaUH  Lw.)  and  T.  cscsarca  0.  S.  (perhaps 
only  a  variety  of  the  former),  occur  in  northern  Europe.  T. 
arijHs  Say,  is  almost  identical  with  the  former.  I  have  seen,  in 
7  '  July,  1868. 


gf  ti""',  .•■i 


•   '    -■('  v4^   't};''   i^ 


98 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'ART  IV. 


Yt 


a,, 


the  IJritish  Museum,  numerous  specimens  of  Tnxhobola  fVuiii 
Now  Holland,  Van  Dienion's  Land,  and  New  Zealand,  Khowiii",' 
that  they  are  (juite  common  there;  one  of  them,  marked  Limiujhia 
tenKella/a  White,  whici'  I  examined,  showed  pVeelsely  the  Hniiie 
distribution  of  the  spots  on  tiie  wings  as  T.  iin/jti'ialis  or  nriina ; 
I  did  not  notice,  however,  whether  the  other  spA^-cimens  belonged 
to  the  same  species  or  not. 

In  the  l*rov.  rhilad.  Enlomol.  Sue.  1805,  p.  22(1,  I  had  \^^'^)■ 
])osed  for  this  group  the  name  of  Discobola,  which,  being  ])re- 
(jccupied,  is  replaced  here  by  Trochobola  (from  rpoxoj,  a  wheel, 
and  i3tt>.X(j,  I  throw). 


i  ■ 


.  11.11 


1.  T.  argils  Say.     %  and  9- — Fnscano-flavida;  alis  ftisco  ocellatis. 

Brownish-yellow,  winga  with  ocellate  brcvn  spots  (Tab.  I,  fig.  4).     Longi 
Corp.  0.25—0.3. 

S?N.  Limnohin  arr/us  Say,  Long's  Exped.  Appen<^  p.  3.')8. — Wiedemanx, 
Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  33,  17.-0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  riiil. 
1859,  p.  217. 

Head,  rostrum,  palpi,  aid  antennae  black;  thorax  yellowlfjh 
with  three  brown  stripes  above  ;  the  intermediate  double  ;  pleune 
with  iwo  brown  stripes;  haltcres  with  a  brown  band  across  the 
stem;  knob  likewise  brown  ;  abdomen  brownish,  genitals  paler; 
feet  yellowish  ;  femora  with  a  brown  band  at  some  distance  from 
the  tip ;  tip  of  the  tibiae  and  last  joints  of  the  tarsi  infuscated. 
Wings  yellowi-sh  or  whitish,  with  brown,  ocellate  spots  especially 
along  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins;  the  centre  of  these 
spots,  forming  the  pupil  of  the  eye,  is  likewise  infuscated  ;  these 
centres  are  mostly  placed  at  the  origin  or  at  the  tip  of  the  longi- 
tudinal veins,  or  upon  cross-veins :  thus  a  complete  ocellus  has 
the  origin  of  the  praifurca  for  its  centre ;  a  double  one  surrounds, 
as  centres,  the  inner  end  of  the  submarginal  cell  and  the  small 
cros.s-vein ;  other  centres  of  less  complete  ocelli  are  the  tip  of 
the  seventh  longitudinal  vein  and  the  supernumerary  cross-vein, 
existing  there  ;  likewise  the  tip  of  the  sixth  vein  and  the  inner  end 
of  the  tifth  basal  cell ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  contains 
several  more  ocelli,  more  or  less  distinctly  marked  in  different 
specimens  and  giving  that  portion  of  the  wing  a  variegated 
appearance. 

Ilab     Northwestern  Territory  (Say) ;  Nova  Scotia  (British 


■;*^. 


TllOCllOBOLA. 


99 


Museum) ;   Trenton   Falls,  N.  Y.  ;    Maine  (Packard)  ;   Massa- 
cliiisotts  (Scudtler);  Orangr,  X.  Y. 

Tills  spt'cies  is  soniuwhat  variable  in  its  size,  the  intensity  of 
the  culiiriiig,  and  tl»o  distinctness  of  tlie  spots  on  (he  winjrs.  1 
jMisscss  a  specimen  from  Fort  Simpson,  II.  IJ.  T.  (Kennieott), 
which  is  allof^'etinT  brownish  ;  tlie  thorax  is  brown,  somewhat 
yellowish  sericeous  above,  without  any  ajujarent  stripes  ;  haltercs 
l)ro\vnisii,  pale  at  \hv  basis  only ;  the  ocellate  spots  on  the;  winj^s 
are  tlie  same  as  usual,  but  much  darker  and  soniewhat  broader, 
tims  imparting  p  darker  coloring  to  the  whole  wing.  The  Euro- 
pean T.  annulula  Lin.  (impcriaiiif  Loew,  Liini.  Entom.  V,  p. 
7(t;J,  Tab.  II,  fig.  14-15)  is  hardly  more  distinct  from  T.  argus, 
than  some  of  the  varieties  of  the  latter  are  one  from  another. 
A  closer  observation  will  have  to  teach  us  what  to  make  of  these 
modifications  of  the  sam^'  typical  form. 


I-  'I .  • ; 


§  >  A 


i"  * 


...   "      t''!    -.       _ 


m. 


f. 


-X-. ■:,■■■  A 


:|-/;;.ri3 


100 


DIl'TKllA  «)F  NUUTH  AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


Section  II.  LIMXOBIXA  AXOMALA. 


ii:  I'-S- 


'M     i 


One  submarginal  cell  ;  normal  number  of  the  antennal  joints  sixteen. 

This  jyroup  is  ineant  to  be  an  artilieial  one,  and  for  this  reason 
I  do  not  add  anythinjjf  to  its  short  character.  Tiie  brevipalpoiis 
Tijiulif.he  with  a  siiiffle  sul)inur};inal  cell  and  the  anteimiu  of 
whieli,  at  the  same  time,  count  H\  joints,  never  fail  to  show,  as 
far  as  hitherto  ob.served,  very  strikin}«-  peculiarities  of  structure, 
requirinjr  their  separation  from  the  very  compact  and  natural 
section  of  the  true  Limnohina  with  fourteen-jointed  antenna). 

Thus  the  genera  Dicranopttjcha,  Onmarya,  Alarba,  2\'Ucho- 
lahis,  and  HhjrhKjomyia  have  distinct  en. podia  ;  a  character 
altogether  foreign  to  the  Lminohwa ;  moi  cover,  each  of  these 
genera  i)ossesses  characters  in  the  venation,  in  the  structure  of 
the  forcej)s  of  the  male  or  of  the  antennie,  which  abundantly 
justify  its  separation  from  the  Limnohina. 

Rhomphidia,  Tuxorrhina,  Elephanlomyia,  Antocha,  EUiplera, 
and  Thntinintfl(>ptc}-a  have  no  distinct  empodia;  nevertheless,  their 
structural  peculiarities  are  such,  that  the  expediency  of  their  sepa- 
ration from  the  Limnohina  will  not  be  disputed. 

The  link  connecting  these  genera  is  purely  artificial;  but  ex- 
perience has  proved  that  the  establishment  of  this  group,  proposed 
by  me  in  1859,  is  very  useful  in  the  system,  by  collectirg  under 
one  head  a  number  of  genera  which  would  not  find  a  fitting 
position  in  any  other  .section.  The  genera  belonging  here  have 
but  a  very  limited  number  of  species;  most  of  them  are  com- 
paratively rare,  and,  for  this  reason,  as  3'et  little  known.  Large 
additions  to  this  group  are  therefore  to  be  still  expected,  and 
these  additions  may  develop  links  of  relationship,  not  suspected 
now,  as  much  between  already  known  genera,  as  even  with  some 
of  the  other  sections  of  the  Tipulidx  hrempalpi. 


i   ,.,..: 


LIMNOHINA  AXOMALA. 


101 


Wlicllicr  llio  absctu'i'  of  spiirs  iit  the  tip  (if  the  tiliiii',  wh'wh 
ili>liiifriiisli(s  nil  lliL'  known  jrcncrii  af  Jjiinunhina  unoiiKila,'  is  im 
imlicatioii  of  soinc  decree  (»f  rclatioiisliip.  is  ns  yet  iiiiccrtnin. 
I'litil  fiitiin'  (liscovi'i'ics  disclose  llio  liiildeii  links  of  relulionsliip 
lii'twt'cn  (li('S(!  jrt'Ut'ni,  wo  can  jMrcrivc  a  distinct  connci-tion 
liL'twccn  three  freiiera  only,  Jthdin/ifiitlin,  J'Jh'/ihrnifomi/ia,  and 
TiuorrliiiKi.  wliieli  I  have,  for  this  n  ason,  uiiitod  in  the  suhsec- 
tiipii  ".'•(iii>i>hnliii(i,  treat('(l  sfparately  ftt  the  iMid  of  this  para- 
j:iiipli.  'I'lif  jreiiera  JUcnnio/itt/dia,  (/riman/n,  J-Jlli/ifrrfi,  and 
Anloilin  show  a  certain  oliscnre  relationship  t(»  each  other,  cspeci- 
allv  in  the  venation.     Alarba  and  TcucJiohihi^  sceni  to  be  isolated 


forms 


A  cliaracter  wortliv  (»f  notice  in  several  jrencra  belonnii 


isr 


to  tlic  lAmnohiiia  anomala  is  the  tendency  of  the  veins  near  the 
eosta  to  coalesce  with   each  other.     The   first  and  sec(»nd  veins 


an 


very  closely  appro.xiniated  in  A'Uiptrra  and  J)icra»<>iili/i/i( 


in  Aiihic/ia  the  first  l(»n}ritii(linal  vein  coalesces  very  early  with 
tlie  eosta,  and  in  To.rorrhina  the  second  vein  seems  to  be  entirely 
altsorbed  by  the  first ;  the  latter  portion  of  the  first  is  coaleseent 


iith  the  eosta. 


A  similar  coalescence  is  observal)le  in  Sliiri 


i/nn- 


(jiimijia.     In  the  present  state  of  onr  knowledge  we  cannot  jndgo 
vet  of  the  importance  of  these  analo<rics. 

Eleven  {renera  constitnte  this  frronp  at  present;  three  of  which 
lielong  to  the  sul)section  Jt/iamphiilinu.  Of  the  remaining  eight 
genera  two  (IHci'n)t(>p(i/<ha  and  Aniocha)  are  eoniinon  to  Europe 
and  to  North  America;  three  have  been  found  as  yet  only  in 
Europe  {Orimarf/o,  Elhplcra,  'Jliuuinaf/opfcra)  ]  two  oidy  in 
America  (TciicholobiK  and  Atarha),  and  one  is  found  included 
in  amber  and  copal  {Htyrinrjomyia). 

SrnsECTiON   lUIAMPIIIDINA, 

One  snl)marginal  cell  (none  in  To.rorrhinn)  ;  four  posterior  cells;  a  discal 
chII  ;  )io  nidi-ijitidl  cross-rein  ;  norninl  number  c)f  antennal  joints  sixteen 
(tlimiiuli  the  coalescence  of  the  tiasal  joints  of  the  flagellum,  IT)  or  12'). 
Tiliiai  without  spurs  at  the  tip.  Unjines  smooth  on  the  under  side. 
Eiiipodia  indistini't  or  none,     lio.ttnim  conspicuousli/  prolonged. 

The  absence  of  any  vestige  of  a  marginal  cross-vein,  however 
unimportant  it  may  api>ear  as  a  character,  acquires  its  significance 
by  its  constancy  and  it.s  concomitance,  in  the  three  genera,  with 


'X  i 


^^ 


^c. 


'■'"'V'hh 


-l«':!. 


'  Except  perhaps  Atarha,  about  which  I  am  in  doubt. 


V    ■!     t    ■■ 


...  •*. 


m 


102 


DIPTEIIA  OP  NOR-^ri  AMEniCA. 


[I'AUT  IV, 


a  puiloii^rcd  rostniiii.  In  otlicr  respects,  the  veiuitinii  of  Ithant- 
phiiliii  jiimI  /•Jlc/i/iiiiiliiiiii/iii  is  very  like  tliiil  ol"  l.inniohni  ;  luit 
tiie  sniodtli  iiii^iie.s  of'  l)<)tli  j^eiieru  mill  tlie  iiiinilter  of  iiiiteniiul 
joiiilrf  of  J{liainjiliiili(i  (llie  .same  iiiiinbei'  cxisliiiji;  in  Khjihun- 
loiiii/id,  only  iitropliiid)  exehide  llieni  IVoni  uinonjr  tlie  Liiiiiiuhiiia. 
'I'lie  most  reniiirktible  eirennistiinco,  conni-eted  wiiii  t'.use 
geiieni,  is  their  fieofrraphieiil  distril)i:tion.  Ji/iainp/iidia  alone  is 
eoMinion  to  Kiirope  and  Anieriea;  !/'o.»o/77<<//«  (»eeiirs  in  North 
and  South  America,  and  Ehjihtnitotiiijia  has  hitherto  heen  found 
in  X(U'th  America  only.  IJut  the  principal  prevalence  of  Hhiim- 
i>]ii(lia  and  JCIvphanloiiii/ia  seems  to  have  taken  place  in  the 
period  of  the  andter  fauna.  Accordinjr  t<»  Mr.  Loew  {/i'c/'/f.sVc/u 
u.  lUrnftcinlninia,  ]>.  i\1)  four  species  of  Ji/i<iniji/ii<lia  and  three 
of  J-JIrjifiotilomijia  (not  distin<ruishe(l  l)y  him  from  To.ror'i'hinn, 
compare  liclow  in  these  two  jri'iu'ra)  have  heen  alreatly  disfovert'd 
in  and»er;  a  largro  nund»er,  consideriiif?  the  very  frajiinentary 
character  of  our  knowledire  of  the  andicr  fauna,  and  the  small 
nundxr  of  tho  species  of  these  genera  in  the  present  lige. 


Deinu^  in  pi  sscssion  of  a  lump  of  copal,  from  Zanzil)ar,  in 
which  a  specintcn  of  Hlyrimjomijia  is  included,  I  take  occasion 
to  t^ive  a  description  of  this  genus,  to  complete  the  statements 
of  -Mr.  IjOcw  in  the  lUpti'rvlixjit^che  Jlcilruyc,  I,  p.  (J.  This 
author  discovered  his  si»ccimen  in  the  same  substance;  another 
species  had  been  jireviously  found  by  him  in  amber  (Loew,  Jli'rnst. 
nnd  liirnstcinfdnnn,  p.  31  and  38).  The  name  of  the  genus  is 
apparently  derived  from  jrvpal,  a  kind  of  tree-gum. 

Styringomyia  Loew. — One  snlniinrginal  cell,  the  peculiar,  subtrinngu- 
lar  sliapc  of  whicit  depends  on  the  al)noruial  course  of  the  tirst  and  second 
lontritiidinal  veins,  as  the  former  coalesces  with  thecosta  before  llie  midille 
of  tlie  anterior  margin  ;  the  latter,  originating  from  the  tirst  vein  a  little 
before  this  point  of  coalescence,  is  suddenly  incnrved  towards  the  costa  a 
llttltj  beyond  the  middle  of  the  anterior  margin  ;  the  anxiliary  vein  is 
not  perceptible;  fonr  posterior  cells ;  a  discal  cell.  Feet  comparatively 
short,  stout,  hairy.  TibiiB  without  spurs  at  the  tip ;  empodia  distinct. 
Antenme  l(!-jointed. 

The  subjoined  figure  of  tho  wing  is  copied  from  that  of  Air. 
Loew.     jMy  specimen  is  but  very  little  ditlerent:  the  second  vein 


RirAMPIlTprA. 


103 


is  Hi  ill  niDro  uliniplly  tiiriwd  towurdsJ  tlio  costa,  its  latter  section 
assiiiiiiiiK  tl»'  ii|i|K>araiit'c  of 
a  cross- vein  ;  tlif  itrii-riircii  is  ^'8-  2. 

almost  ill  one  lin<'  with  tliu 
tiiinl  loii^'itmliiiul  Vi'iii  ;  tlio 
HiM.'oiiil  posterior t't'll  i.ss(|iuiro 
at  tlic  l>asis  and  nut  attcnu- 
fttrd;  a  tnu'o  of  a  brownish 

fidss-liaiid  is  distinctly  perceptible  alonp  the  central  cross-veins; 
the  cross-veiiis  at  the  Itasis  of  llio  two  iiilerinediato  jtosterior  cells 
ore  likewise  ini'useated.  The  following?  details  not  heinjf  dis- 
tinctly visii)le  in  niy  specimen  are  copied  from  tlie  description  of 
Mr.  Loew  :  "Palpi  short,  first  joint  short-eylindrieul,  tlic  second 
a  little  Ioniser,  somewhat  iiicrassated,  ovate  ;  the  third  of  about 
the  sanu!  length,  more  slender,  eylindrical,  the  last  joint  i)erceptibly 
loiifi'er  than  the  preceding,  styliforni ;  the  whole  palpi  are  beset 
■with  stiir,  scattered  hairs.  The  antenntu  are  not  (pute  as  long  as 
lieail  and  thorax  taken  together;  lirst  joint  elongated-cylindrical, 
the  second  pyriforni,  not  very  stont ;  the  14  joints  of  tlit^  llagelluni 
arc  ovite,  of  diiniiiishing  length  and  stoutness,  beset  with  short 
hairs  and  with  longer  verticils  near  the  basis.  The  ovipositor  is 
very  short  and  ends  in  two  sharp  points." 

The  resemblance  of  the  venation  of  Slyringoinyia  to  that  of 
Tuj-orrhina  is  very  striking,  and  shows  it.self  in  the  course  of  the 
first  and  of  the  second  longitudinal  veins.  If  wc  suppress  the 
section  of  the  latter  vein  which  runs  towards  the  costa,  we  obtain 
a  venation  almost  exactly  similar  to  that  of  Ttxorrhina.  Whether 
this  resemblauco  is  indicative  of  relationship  I  am  not  prepared 
to  say. 

Gen.  VI.   RIIAMPHIDIA. 

One  submarginal  cell ;  four  posterior  cells  ;  a  discal  cell ;  no  marginal 
cro.ss-veiii.  The  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  at  some  distance  beyoml  the 
origin  of  the  seuond  vein  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  close  at  this  tip. 
Rostrum  elongated,  but  shorter  than  the  thorax ;  last  joint  of  the  palpi 
elongated.  Antennie  l(!-jointed.  Tibiae  without  spurs  at  the  tip  ;  em- 
podia  inilistinct ;  ungues  smooth.  The  forceps  of  the  male  very  like  that 
of  Elpphantomijia. 

The  rostrum  of  the  European  R.  hmgiroatris  is  longer  than  the 
head  and  about  erpnil  to  the  distance  Ijotween  the  collare  and  the 
root  of  the  wings ;  that  of  the  North  American  species  is  but 


i 


i  ■ 


u 


':  ( 


1 ;, 


•'  I'! 


\\\  H 


:•!'' 

• 

'.  I . 

Hi-' 

1  1    1 

•  • 

Iff 

t. 

1  l'''i'i  ■ 

i;  'i*'! 

'\[    : 

IV    ■• 


104 


nii'TKiiA  OK  Ndirrn  amkuipa. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


Hiiirliilv  liiiiiriT  tliiiM  tlif  licinl.  TIk!  |)ul|>i  ari'  iiiscrlt'tl  nt  its  tip; 
tlifir  luii  tiist  Jiiiiits  art'  very  sliort,  tlir  tliini  l)iit  little  loiiffcr,  tli(> 
ioiii-tli  liiiiMir,  slt'iiilcr,  al)iiiit  as  loii^  as  tliu  liivt  tlircf  taki'ii 
liijidlicr ;  wlini  at  rest,  its  tip,  pitintiiij,'  l)a('lv\vanls,  rcacln's  Itiit 
very  little  licVdiKl  tin-  I'ont  of  tlic  first  joint  (uhsrrvcd  on  tlic  \. 
A.  f\wru'!i,  when  alive;  Mcitrm's  'l'al».  LX  V,  li>r.  M,  fjivcs  a 
corrirt  idea  of  tlic  palpi).  Front  narrow;  oyc.^  almost  contijrii- 
oiis  on  till'  niiilcr  sitlc  oF  the  licad.  'I'Ih'  antt'iina*,  when  Ix'nt 
Itackwards,  hardly  roach  tlio  root  of  tli<!  winirs  ;  (laircllum  .^onio- 
what  in<'rassatcd  at  tlic  basis,  its  jointrf  snitcylindrical,  short, 
licconiiii^r  iimrc!  clonirntcd  towards  the  tip ;  vcrticds  nioilcratcly 
lonjr.  ('ollarc  somewhat  broad,  prolonjrcd  in  a  short,  Itiit  distinct 
licck.  Thoracic  siitiin;  deep.  Feet  hniff,  slender,  very  limdy 
puhcsccnt ;  the  interval  between  tho  two  last  tarsal  joints  is  ex- 
cised on  the  under  side  in  the  iiinle.  Winjrs  moderately  lonj?  and 
broad,  but  comparatively  smaller  in  the  American  species;  tlu! 
tip  of  the  au.xiliary  vein  is  opposite  the  inner  end  of  the  sui)- 
jnarffinal  cell  ;  in  some  specimens  the  sniicostal  cros.s-vein  is 
obsolete  ;  in  such  eases  the  auxiliary  vein  ends  in  tlii!  first  lonjri- 
tudinal  and  not  in  the  costa ;  the  second  lon<ritudinal  vein  orijri- 
nates  al»out  the  middle  of  the  lenjrthof  the  wiiij; ;  the  i»nefurca  is 
less  than  half  of  the  whole  lentjth  of  the  second  vein  and  very 
gently  areuatcrl,  nearly  straijrht ;  the  third  loiifritudinal  vein  is 
nrcnated,  which  causes  the  submarginal  cell  to  bo  much  broader 
at  tho  tip  than  at  its  inner  <'nd ;  the  latter  is,  in  some  specimens, 
in  contact  with  tho  disval  ctdl,  the  small  cross-vein  being  obliter- 
ated ;  this  happens  wi'.h  the  F^uropcan,  as  well  as  with  the  North 
American  species;  the  majority  of  tlu;  specimens,  however,  have 
a  short,  but  distinct  cross-vein  ;  the  discal  cell  is  nearly  scjnare ; 
the  filth,  si.xth,  and  seventh  longitudinal  veins  are  nearly  straight; 
the  stigma  is  oval,  distinctly  marked,  but  there  is  no  trace  of  a 
marginal  cross-vein. 

The  closer  relationship  between  Rhamphidia  and  Eh'phan- 
tom;/ia  is  evident ;  the  shorter  and  stouter  rostrum  and  the  longer 
palpi  of  the  former  are  the  only  important  difl'erencos.  Tho 
venation,  including  tho  absence  of  the  marginal  cross-vein,  is 
almost  th(>  same ;  the  forceps  has  the  same  structure ;  even  the 
coloring  of  tne  North  American  species  is  remarkably  like  that 
of  E.  nrnlwoodf. 

lu  the  preceding  description  I  Lave  compared  the  European 


if ' 


RiiAMniinrA. 


106 


//.  himjiroHlrix  ftiid  tlu'  North  Aiiiericiui  II.  Jlariprx  Mncq.,  not 
liiiviiijf  S('t!ii  llio  oiii!  or  two  other  Kpccies  wliich  ant  Hiiid  to  occur 
ill  lliiropc  (coiiipnrc  Schiiu-r,  Fauiui  Aiinlr.  N'ol.  II,  p.  r»;'»M).  la 
the  ni'i'liii  Miiscuiii  1  Imvc  seen  ti  Kniziliiin  Hpeeies  and  another 
reiiiarkal>lc  specie**,  williout  indication  of  ilie  U)cality,  the  tarsi 
of  widcli  uro  while.  Tiieso  species  njrreo  witii  tlie  typical  ones 
in  the  al)sence  of  the  niarifinai  cross-vein. 

Four  species  arc  recorded  l»y  Mr.  Loew  (fii'mnf.  mid  Tivru' 
nlfnif'dinid,  p.  :{7)  as  occiirrinj;  in  the  rrnssian  anilter.  ThisJ 
wniiid  prove  tliiit  tiiis  jjenns  was  nineh  nn're  al)nndant!y  repre- 
senteil  in  tiiat  liiiina  than  it  is  now.  I  have  not  seen  these 
speiies,  and  am  iiot  sure  whellier  liiey  belong  to  Jihaiiii>lii(lia, 
within  the  sense  of  my  delinilion  of  it. 

'I'he  LHwius  Jtli(nii/i/iiilia  (IVoni  jja^ufj.  rostrum)  was  introduced 
hy  .Meijj^en,  in  ls;{0(in  his  Vlth  vol.);  one  year  earlier,  liow- 
ever,  Mr.  Stephens  proposed  for  the  Kuropean  Jl.  linKjirDsln's 
the  jrenerie  name  of  Lritforhiiia  {Stt'ii/iens,  Calal.  etc.  IS-JD), 
wliieli  has  never  been  in  w^c  since.  Still  earlier,  in  1825,  Saint 
Farj^eau  {/hicijrlofK'ilie  Mrlfni<li(jiie,  IiL-^rrffS,  Vol.  X,  p.  585) 
proitosed  for  this  genus  iIm^  name  Mrf/ar/iina,  which  he  sul)sc- 
(|ii(!ntly  changed  in  JJiliim  (in  tin;  Inde.x  to  the  same  volume,  p. 
8."5I).  'I'he  claims  of  the  name  given  hy  Mcigen,  strengthened  as 
tiny  are  Ity  long  usage,  cannot  well  be  disputed. 


1.  R.  flavipes  Macq.     ■J,  and  9. — Femorum,  tibiarmnqne  apicibua 
obscure  t'usfis  ;  alarum  apioe  infuscato. 

Ti]i  of  tlie  femora  and  of  the  tibiio  dark  brown;  apex  of  the  wings  ch)uded 
with  blown.     JiOUg.  corp.  0.'1~ — 0.2"'. 

Byn.   lihtimphiilia Jhiviprs  Macq.  Dipt.  Exot.  .5e  Suppl.  p.  17  (IS.').')). 
l{h(im}ihiilia  promiiifns  Walk.  Dipt.  Saunders,  p.  43")  (18.")tj). 
RhnmphiiHa  brevirostris  0.  Sacke.n,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  222. 

Head  grayish-brown,  rostrum  but  little  longer  than  the  head, 
brown;  i)al[)i  brown;  antennie  brown  at  the  base,  fiagellum  i)aler. 
Tliora.x  ochraeeous,  or  brownish,  with  the  usual  stripes  more  or 
less  distinctly  marked ;  halteres  pale,  sometimes  slightly  brown- 
ish ;  feet  pule  yellow ;  tips  of  the  femora  and  of  the  tiinaj  dark 
hrown,  almost  black  ;  tips  of  the  tarsi  also  darker.  Abdomen 
ocliraeeous  or  browiush ;  the  anterior  part  of  the  segments 
darker;  the  geidtals  browninh.     Wings  hyaline,  infuseated  at  the 


^'Wm 


(If- 


si ;"  • 


l]Vj. 


i 

1 

■1  ',    ■    ■ 

H 

ii^'i 

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nil 

pa 

II 

I.;, 

]()(; 


PIPTKllA  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


fl'AllT  IV 


lip;  sfifTiUii  well  iiiiirkcii,  brown;  costal  and  (ir.st  loiitritinliiial 
vt'i.  ><  yi'llowisli  ;  tlic  otlicr  veins  hrowii  ((•((ini»iir(;  tlio  gcnt-ric 
'.•liarafl(M*  fur  nioio  details  abont  the  venation). 

JI<ih.  Wasliinntdii,  I).  ('.,  in  May;  New  York;  "White  Moun- 
tains, \.  II.  ;  Wisconsin  (Hike)  ;  llliiniis  (Walsh) ;  South  Ciirolina 
(Mils.  Jk-rol). 

This  species  varies  in  its  coloring;  from  ocliraceon.s  to  brown- 
ish ;  .Mr.  Ma('(piart  drew  his  description  from  a  dark  specimen, 
whereas  I  had  a  lij:;ht-colored  specimen  before  nie,  when  I  de- 
scrilx'd  this  species  under  ii  dilVerent  nanxt  in  IS;")*.).  I  iiave  since 
then  reco<>;nized  my  crnir.  Mr.  Walker's  Ji.  ])r<t)niiifii>^,  some 
slight  discrepancies  in  the  description  notwilhstandin}^,  is  cer- 
tainly the  same  sj)ecios. 

Gtn.  VII.    KLEPIIAXTOIWYIA. 

One  sntimarginiii  cell ;  four  posterior  cells  ;  a  discal  coll ;  no  margiiiiil 
cross-vi'in  ;  tint  tip  of  tlio  auxiliary  vein  is  at  soiiu!  distance  beyond  the 
origin  of  tlie  second  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  close 
at  this  tip  (Tab.  I,  fig.  f)).  /i'y,v/r»w  ahnnst  as  luiiij  «.<  tin'  hndi/,  rcn/  slrnd)  r, 
jilil'onii :  the  elong:ited,  but  minute  palpi  are  inserted  at  its  tip.  Auteuii;e 
apparently  ir)-jointed  ;  all  the  joints  of  the  ilagelluni  are  provided  witli 
verticils.  Tibial  without  sjturs  at  the  tip.  I'linpodia  indistinct.  Ungues 
smooth.  The  forceps  of  the  male  consists  of  thti  usu.al  basal  j)ie(^es  with 
two  horny,  claw-shaped  appendages  each  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  8,  cue-half  of  the 
forceps  of  K.  icestivoucli). 

The  eyes  arc  large,  glabrous,  leaving  a  very  narrow,  linear 
front  ))etwecn  them  above,  and  a  somewhat  broader  space  below. 
Tiic  rostrum  is  (piite  as  long  as  the  body  in  the  male,  and  com- 
paratively shorter  in  the  female,  on  account  of  the  greater  length 
of  its  al)dK)men  ;  it  is  straight  in  the  living  sjtecimens,  but  becomes 
arcuated  in  the  dead  ones;  it  is  fniely  pubescent  and  ])erfectly 
linear  in  its  shape,  from  its  root  to  the  tip.  The  palpi  are  in- 
serted close  by  this  tip;  they  are  attenuated  at  their  basis.  Not 
having  had  an  opportunity  to  examine  the.sc  ])alpi  under  a  com- 
pound niicroseo])e,  on  living  spe(;imeiis,  I  refer  to  the  observa- 
tions and  the  lim;  figures  published  by  Mr.  J^oew  in  /jinn.  /■Jnlmn. 
V<.l.  V,  p.  400,  Tal).  n,  lig.  I!),  20,  21.  They  are  taken  from 
three  fossil  species,  found  in  amber,  which  apparently  belong  to 
the  genus  /'JlcpJinnfomi/in.  The  i)alpi  of  U.  wedwoodi  resemble 
Mr.  lioew's  lig.  20  most. 


KI-Kl'IIANTOMYIA.  lOT 

'I'lic  iiiitciiiui',  if  Ik'hI  l)n('k\viinls,  would  lianily  iracli  ilic  mot 
of  tlic  wiiiirs  ;  llic  first  Joint  is  ('oiiipanilivcly  sli  vivr  than  iisuiil  ; 
the  second  is  rounded  ;  tlie  basal  Joint  of  llie  flairellnni  is 
clonuated  and  stout,  heiu}?  apparently  formed  Ity  the  coalescenee 
of  two  Joints;  tiio  f'ollowiiif;  Joints  are  suheylindrieal,  more 
cloiiifated  towards  tlio  tip  oi"  the  aiitenuie  and  Iteset  with  rather 
lonij;  verticils.  Collare  well  developed  ;  iJs  neck  siiort ;  thoraci(r 
suture  well  marked.  The  feet  are  lonj?  and  slender,  linely  |»Mites- 
cent  ;  tlio  ungues  are  somewhat  broad  at  the  basis;  the  usual 
excision  on  tht^  under  side  l)etwe(Mi  the  two  last  tarsal  Joints  is 
apparent  in  the  male.  Wings  moderately  long  and  broad  ('raii. 
],  fig.  ;"))  ;  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  nearly  opposile  the  inner  end 
of  the  submarginal  cell ;  the  socoiul  longitudimil  vein  originates 
a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  length  of  the;  wing;  th<^  pra"furcii 
is  arcuated,  short,  not  more  in  length  than  altout  one-third  of  the 
remaining  ])ortion  of  the  second  vein  ;  the  latter  is  nearly  parallel 
to  the  third  vein,  and  both  are  arcuated  ;  thus  the  submarginal 
cell  is  of  nearly  e((ual  breadth  ;  tlw  first  posterior  is  only  a  little 
shorter  than  the  submarginal;  the  discal  cell  is  nearly  scpuire; 
tlie  great  cross-vein  is  usually  o])])oHite  its  middle;  the  fifth,  sixth, 
and  seventh  veins  are  nearly  straight;  the  stigma  is  oval,  dis- 
tinctly nuirki'd,  and  then^  is  no  trace  of  a  niargiinil  cross-vein. 

The  ovipositor  of  the  fenuile  has  rather  long,  narrow  valves; 
the  iipp(>r  ones  are  very  slightly  arcuated. 

This  genus  (tln^  name  from  txtipaj,  elephant,  and  uvia,  fly)  was 
introduced  by  me  in  the;  Proc.  Acad.  Nal.  Sri.  I'liihul.  IS,")".*,  p. 
2lM),  and  based  \\\w\\  a  species  which,  at  that  time,  I  believed  to 
he  one  described  l)y  Mr.  W(!stwood,  but  which  proved  afterwards 
to  be  new.  This  is  the  only  living  species  of  tlu;  genus  at  present 
known  ;  but  the  three  species  included  in  and)er  ami  mentioned  l)y 
iAIr.  Loew  as  To.rorrhimv  {Linn.  Entom.  Vol.  V),  api)areutly 
belong  to  tiiis  genus, 

Ohsf'rniliim. — Tlie  statements  of  Mr.  Loew  (1.  c.  p.  ri!14)  about  the  "jierfetit 
ngrccnicnt  in  tlui  generic  eharanters''  (volistii'iidigti  I'eliereinstininiang  in 
don  (.'enerisclien  Merkmalen)  between  tlieso  fossil  sjxteies  and  7'o.roirliiii>i 
jhi(/lh's  from  I'orto  Rico  rests  upon  an  oversinlit  of  the  iiniiortant  dilfer- 
fiice  l)etween  ♦hem:  the  absence  of  the  sulmiarginal  cell  in  the  lattc^r.  I 
have  been  able  to  ascertain  this  from  the  drawiiins  of  the  fossil  Kliiilmn- 
tiniii/itv,  whi(di  Mr.  Loew  kindly  showed  jiie  ;  but  I  have  not  setMi  the 
specimens  themselves.  The  drawings  of  which  I  had  a  gliniiise,  showed 
a  wing  like  J'Jhjilututowi/iti,  that  is,  with  a  submarginal  cell.     Further  in- 


»    dp  ^' 
'-  >  IP  '  '1 

.  mi 


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Ml 


.nij?m 


^'  'Hi* 


V- . 


4 


ft. 


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lOS 


DIPTF.UA  OP  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


j.-  " 


;H'^';i 


M    - 


fonniiliiui  nlxnit  tlio  thvfti  fossil  spo(;ii'rt  may  be  gatherHtl  from  the  artic!') 
ill  tlif  l.iiiiKV  I.  As  Mr.  l^oew  lielieved  i\\v  anteiince  of  liis  siieciiiiens  of 
'J'ii.i-(inliiiiti  j'idi/ilis  to  l)e  injured  at  the  tip  (lie  could  count  only  2-|-10 
joints,  whicli  is  the  real  nuiiiher,  whereas  lie  expected  that  they  should 
have  24-l'5,  like  the  fossil  species),  he  introduces  the  description  of  the 
anteiime  of  the  fossil  species  thus  (1.  c.  p.  4t)l>)  :  '■  1  found  the  antenna- 
of  two  of  the  fossil  species  2 -|- 1'^  jointed,  while  I  could  count  only  12 
joints  on  the  tlagellum  of  the  third;  all  the  8i)ecies  have  the  two  joints 
of  the  scapiis  short  aii<l  stout;  the  lirst  joint  of  the  llagellum  likewise  is 
rather  lar^e  and  stout,  more  or  less  eng-shaped,  the  foUowini;  joints  are 
of  a  similar  shape,  but  smaller;  afterwards  they  become  more  slender 
and  gradually  more  elongated  ;  besides  some  veijy  .short  liairs,  the  joints 
of  the  llagellum  have  sparse  verticillate  hairs,  which,  in  all  the  species, 
liecome  percej)tlbly  longer  on  the  last  antennal  joints."  Thus,  the  f(is.>il 
I  pedes,  like  J'JIcp/inntomi/la,  have  15-jointed  antennjc  (an  unusual  number, 
as  we  know,  among  the  Ti/i.  hnri/Kil/ii)  ;  tlie  tliini  joint  is  stiikingly 
incrassated,  and,  as  I  liave  shown  above,  represents  the  coalescence  of  two 
joints  ;  the  fossil  spetdes,  like  Klf/ilinntoiiii/lii,  liave  verticils  on  all  the 
joints,  whereas  in  To.ninliimi,  only  the  two  last  joints  are  provided  with 
long  hairs  ;  the  rest  of  tlie  description  of  the  antenn.ne  of  the  fossil  specii's 
applies  ecjually  well  to  the  antonna*  of  Kle/iliaiilowj/ia.  Another  passage 
is  liki^wise  important:  "The  venation  (of  To.r.frn(/ilis)  is  also  peculiar  in 
several  respects;  I  advert  especially  to  the  direction  of  the  veins  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  root  of  the  wing  and  to  the  connection  between  the  ante- 
penultimate and  the  {)enultiiiiate  longitudinal  veins  ;  the  latter  does  not 
take  place  in  the  fossil  species  in  a  similar  degree  ;  in  these  species  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  does  not  coalesce  towards  its  end  with  the  costa  (as 
it  does  in  T.  frnijilis)  and  the  great  cross-vein  is  farther  removed  from  the 
root  of  the  wing."  If  we  compare  the  statement  of  these  differences 
lietwee,n  T.  fruyilis  and  the  fossil  species  with  the  differences  existing 
between  the  ToxurrhiiKv,  described  below,  and  the  Klt'/ihtiiitomi/ld  irralivnudi, 
we  will  lind  them  contirmed  in  every  particular.  What  is  called  the  con- 
nection between  the  .'ith  and  Cth  longitudinal  veins,  will  be  shown  below 
(in  the  genus  To.niir/iina)  to  be  merely  apparent,  and  to  arise  from  the 
close  approximation  between  the  basal  portions  of  these  veins  (compare 
Tab.  I,  lig.  (j,  the  wing  of  To.Torrliinn').  This  appearance  does  not  exist 
in  Klephuntomijia  (Tab.  I,  fig.  S),  which,  like  Mr.  Loew's  fossil  species,  has 
the  two  veins  more  divergent.  Tlie  peculiar  course  of  the  first  longitudinal 
vein,  coalescing,  towards  its  end,  with  the  costa,  will  also  l)e  describcil 
under  the  head  of  To.rorrh'nut ;  in  EJrphanitwvjia  westwnodi,  as  in  the  fossil 
species,  the  mode  of  junction  of  the  first  and  second  veins  is  the  ordinary 
one.  The  great  cross-vein,  in  both  Toxorrlniim  described  by  me,  is  eithir 
at  the  very  basis  of  the  discal  cell,  or  before  it ;  in  Elcphtintomijiii,  it  is 
opposite  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell ;  again  a  point  of  agreement  with 
Mr.  Loew's  statement  about  the  fossil  species.  The  principal  difference, 
however,  between  the  venation  of  T.  fnii/ilin  and  the  fossil  species,  con- 
sisting in  the  absence  of  a  submargiual  cell  iu  the  former,  is  not  mentioued 


TOXOmUIlNA. 


109 


ill  Mr.  IiOew"s  rompcarison  ;  but,  as  stated  above,  I  have  in  this  respect 
al>o  1  oiifinueil  tlie  agrt^enieiit  of  Ktr/iltmitumi/id  witli  the  fossil  speuies. 

TiiM  foregoing  examination  can,  I  think,  leave  ncxlonbt  about  the  generic 
i.leiitity  of  Kh'jih.  trfSfWDodi  with  the  fossil  species.  Several  years  ago,  I 
(oiiiniunifated  to  Mr.  Loew  specimens  of  my  A7r/»//(n(/f)»(///(f  for  comparirion. 
If  lie  has  disfovereil  any  dilferenie  between  them  and  the  fossil  species, 
siifficit'iit  to  place  them  in  different  genera,  lie  will  probably  mention  this 
(liffereiue  in  his  forthcoming  work  on  Amber-diptera. 

I.   E.  AVestwOOdi  0.  S.     %  and  f- — Ochrarea,  feniorum  apice  fusco, 
seginenlis  abdouiiuis  fiisco-marginatis  ;  stigmate  alarum  infuscato. 

0<  liraieous,  tip  of  the  femora  brown,  margins  of  the  abdouuual  segments 
iiifiiscated  ;  stigma  brownish.     Long.  corp.  0.3 — O.S.'J. 

Svx.  i^li'jiliontnmijin  cdtiatiensis  O.  Sackk.v  (nee  Westw.),  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc. 
Phil.  1850,  p.  221  ;  the  synonymy  given  there  has  to  be 
stricken  out. 

Ilc'iul  j-fUow ;  rostrum  finely  pubescent ;  antennae  yellowish, 
with  black  verticils;  biisal  joints,  especially  tbc  second,  more  or 
less  infiiscated.  Thorax  yellow ;  a  more  or  less  listinct  brown 
stripe  runs  along  its  nrKldle  and  down  the  collarc ;  in  some 
specimens  this  stripe  is  oljsolete ;  haltercs  pale ;  feet  yellow ; 
femora  brown  at  the  tip.  Abdomen  yell«)w ;  posterior  margins 
of  the  segments  brown  ;  a  more  or  less  distinct  brown  stripe 
along  the  middle  of  the  back  ;  the  last  segment  brown  in  the 
male ;  forceps  tawny.  Wings  with  a  faint  brownish  tinge ;  a 
slight  nebulosity  along  the  apical  margin  (for  more  details  com- 
pare the  generic  character). 

Hub.  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.,  where  1  found  this  species  in  great 
mnul)crs.  At  that  time  I  took  it  for  Limnohiorhijnchus  cana- 
(lensh  Westw.,  as  the  description  of  this  species  {Ann.  Soc. 
Entom.  de  Fr.  1835,  p.  083)  agrees  very  well  with  the  present 
one.  Hut  Mr.  Westwood's  species,  which  I  have  seen  since;  in 
his  own  collection,  is  a  Geranomyia,  my  G.  <-<yi)nnunis ;  the  Ele^- 
phanlomyia  thus  proving  to  be  now,  I  dedicated  this  remarkable 
species  to  the  author  of  an  entomological  work  which  is,  as  yet, 
without  a  rival  for  completeness,  excellence  of  execution,  and 
corresponding  usefulness. 

Gen.  VIII.   TOXORRIIIIVI. 

No  siihmarginal  cell ;  a  discal  cell,  and  four  posterior  cells  ;  no  marginal 
cross-Vein.     Rostrum  very  long-  longer  than  head  and  thorax  taken  together ; 
9 


i    '\  A 
•i     /!>'?_ 


i   -i  * " 


'M 


'f 'i: 


110 


rtlPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


[part  IV. 


f!>,:;  ."■ 


m 


palpi  excnerliiigly  minnte,  inaerted  at  its  tip.  AnteniirB  very  alioit,  \'2,- 
jointeil  ;  basal  joint  of  the  flagellum  very  stout ;  tJm  two  apii-id  juintu  oiili/ 
arc.  firoridrd  with  lout/  hairs.  Tliorax  elongated,  extended  anteriorly  into  ;i 
long,  cylindrical  neck  ;  niesonotnm  strongly  projecting  over  the  collare. 
Tibia;  witliout  spurs  at  the  tip.     Kuipodia  indistinct  or  none. 

The  head  is  proportionally  small ;  tlu;  antenna)  arc  IS-jointcd, 
hardly  lonjj^cr  tlian  the  ht-ad  ;  the  first  joint  is  very  short,  and 
still  shorter  in  the  male  than  in  the  female;  the  second  is  longer 
and  much  stouter  than  the  first,  obconical ;  the  third  is  ineras- 
sated,  although  less  stout  than  the  second  joint ;  it  seems  to 
represent  the  coalescijr  3  of  several  joints;  it  is  more  or  less 
rounded  in  the  male,  and  more  elongated,  almost  conical  in  the 
female  ;  the  remainder  of  the  antenna  is  filiform  ;  the  two  apical 
joints  in  the  male  are  elongated,  slender,  and  considerably  longer 
than  the  preceding  joints,  a  difference  which  is  not  so  striking  in 
the  female;  the  intermediate  joints  arc  cylindrical,  those  nearer 
to  the  stout  basal  joint  of  the  flagellum  are  .sometimes  very  short 
and  l)roader  than  long;  the  two  joints  of  the  scapus  bear  soim- 
short  bristles ;  the  pubescence  of  the  flagellum  is  almost  imper- 
ceptible ;  the  two  apical  joints  only  bear  some  long  bristles,  very 
characteristic  for  the  genus.  The  front  is  narrow  in  T.  ma(jiui 
and  broader  in  T.  muUehria ;  the  eyes  are  slightly  emarginatc 
on  the  inside,  to  leave  room  f'jr  the  insertion  of  the  antennaj  and 
very  closely  approximated,  almost  contiguous,  on  the  under  side 
of  the  head.  Tlie  palpi,  inserted  at  the  tip  of  the  rostrum,  are 
exceedingly  minute,  and  their  joints  seem  to  be  almost  coalesceut : 
they  seem  to  be  very  like  those  of  Elephantomyia  (compare,  us 
to  the  structure  of  the  palpi  of  this  genus,  Mr.  Loew's  figures. 
Linn.  Entom.  Y,  Tab.  II,  fig.  12,  20,  21).  The  rostrum  i.^ 
slender,  perfectly  linear,  with  an  almost  imperceptible  pubescence; 
both  species  described  below  have  it  about  once  and  a  half  tiie 
length  of  the  head  and  thora.x  taken  together. 

The  thorax  is  rather  long,  and  remarkable  for  the  great  and  un- 
usual development  of  the  mesosternum,  in  consequence  of  which 
the  fore  coxa?  are  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  intcrmedialc 
ones ;  the  coUare  is  entirely  concealed  under  a  projecting  gili- 
bosity  of  the  mesonotum  ;  on  the  iinder  side,  the  jtrothorax  is 
extended  into  a  long,  narrow,  cylindrical  neck,  to  which  the  lioad 
is  fastened;  the  mctathorax  is  also  much  developed,  rather  lonjr 
and  horizontal.     The  feet  are  long  and  slender ;  their  pubescenet.' 


TOXOKRIIINA. 


lil 


liiirdlv  porcoptible  ;  llio  last  joint  of  tlio  tnrsi  of  tlio  inalo  sliows 
(III  tlie  iiiidcr  side,  at  tiic  basis,  tlie  t'xcisioii  diaracteriziii}?  tho 
iiiiilo  sex  ill  many  geiioni.  Tlu'  tibiiu  have  no  spurs  ut  tliu  tip, 
ami  llie  enipodia  arc  imperceptible. 

Tliu  wings  (Tab.  I,  fig.  (5,  wing  of  T.  magna)  arc  rather  .short 
for  the  size  of  the  body,  and  not  l)r»»ad. 

The  first  longitudinal  vein  is  short  and  joins  the  costa  very 
early  and  very  soon  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  longituditial 
vein  ;  the  mode  of  this  junction  of  the  first  vein  >vith  the  costa 
is  also  i)eculiar  ;  instead  of  running  parallel  to  the  costa  and  then 
taking  a  sudden  turn  towards  it  (as  in  most  Tipulidfje  hrcr>jia//il), 
the  first  vein  gradually  converges  towards  the  costa  and  finally 
coalesces  with  it,  so  that,  beyond  their  junction,  the  costa  becomes 
much  stouter.  The  auxiliary  vein  is  very  closely  approximated 
to  the  first  longitudinal  and  ends  in  the  costa  almost  opposite  the 
origin  of  the  second  vein  ;  the  subcostal  cro.ss-vein  is  not  far  from 
its  tip;  thcie  is  no  vestige  of  a  marginal  cross-vein.  There  is 
no  aubmargival  cell,  a«  the  siecond  longitudinal  vein  does  not 
emit  any  other  vein ;  the  first  posterior  cell  follows  immediately 
after  the  marginal  cell.  The  fourth  vein  starts,  as  usual,  from 
the  fifth,  ver}'  near  the  basis  of  the  wing,  being  slightly  arcuated 
at  its  origin,  and  connected  at  this  place  with  the  first  vein  by  a 
small,  l)ut  very  distinct  cross-vein.  A  thickening  of  the  alar 
iiu'ml)rane  almost  always  exists  at  this  place  in  the  Tijmlidse ; 
sometimes  it  assumeni  the  appearance  of  a  vein  ;  in  the  present 
case,  however,  this  cross-vein  is  particularly  distinct,  because  the 
origin  of  the  fourth  vein  is  a  little  more  distant  than  usual  from 
liie  basis  of  the  wing.  Of  the  two  branches  of  the  fourth  vein, 
the  posterior  one  is  forked,  and  a  cross-vein  between  this  fork 
and  the  anterior  branch  closes  the  discal  cell. 

The  sixth  vein  is  very  closely  aj)proximated  to  the  fifth  for  more 
than  one-third  of  its  course,  and  then  suddeidy  diverges  at  an 
acute  angle  from  it ;  in  some  specimens  the  basal  portions  of  these 
veins  are  so  near  each  other  as  to  apnear  coalescent ;  a  careful 
examination,  however,  proves  that  they  run  alongside  of  ea<'h 
other.     The  seventh  vein  is  nearly  straight. 

The  forceps  of  the  male,  as  far  as  its  structure  can  be  ascer- 
tained on  a  dry  specimen,  seems  to  be  somewhat  like  that  of 
Elephanlomyia,  that  is,  it  consists  of  a  i)air  of  subcylindrical 
basal  pieces,  to  which  two  pairs  of  cnsiform,  horny  appendages 


•  <  I 


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■  ■  \\\* 

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in . 


112 


DII'TEIIA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[PAIIT  IV. 


are  attached.  The  ovipositor  of  the  feniah;  has  loii}^,  .slender, 
uiinost  imi>erceptil)ly  aveualed  valves. 

The  relationship  of  To.rorrhnio.  with  Elrphmilowifia  and 
Rhamjihidia  is  evident,  and  ])rin('ipaliy  indicated  Ity  the  \n'i)- 
longod  rostrum,  common  to  the  three  <renera,  the  absenire  of  the 
marginal  ero.«s-vein,  and  tin;  structure  of  the  feet. 

I'o.nirrliinn  is  easily  distinjrui.shed  from  Eh']>h(intinnyi(i  l)y  the 
venation  of  the  winjr.s,  tlie  suljuuirjjinal  cell  of  which  is  wantiiijr; 
hy  the  structure  of  the  antenmc,  whi<'h  are  12-joinled  and  have 
some  longer  bristles  on  the  apical  joints  only,  whereas  J'Jlrphaii- 
t(»ni/m  has  long  verticils  on  all  the  joints,  and  hy  the  structure 
of  the  thorax,  the  cullare  being  entirely  concealed  under  the  i)ro- 
jocling  gibl)osity  of  the  niesonotum,  the  niesosternum  being 
unusually  developed,  and  the  metathorax  also  rather  large  and 
horizontal. 

The  venation  of  Tojrorrhina  is  unique  among  the  Tipulidtr, 
and  it  is  not  easy  to  decide  tin;  disappearance  of  which  veins  has 
brought  it  about.  The  wing  of  Elliph'ra  (Tab.  I,  fig.  10)  may 
alford  an  exi)lanation.  If  we  imagine  that  the  first  and  second 
veins  of  Ellipiera,  already  very  closely  a))proximated,  coalesce 
with  each  other,  we  obtain  a  venation  not  uidike  that  of  Tojror- 
rhina. In  this  case  what  we  have  called  above  the  second  vein, 
would  in  reality  be  the  third.  Whether  this  explanation  is  the 
true  one,  I  do  not  pretend  to  decide,  but  it  is  worthy  of  notice 
that  several  genera  among  the  Limnohina  aiwmala  show  a  ten- 
dency towards  the  coalescence  of  the  veins  near  the  costa 
(Anlocha,  Styringomijia,  etc.;  compare  above,  p.  101). 

The  genus  I'oxorrhina  was  for  the  first  time  descril)ed  and 
figured  by  Mr.  Loew  in  1851  {TAniuva  Entomohxjira,  Yol.  Y,  p. 
400,  Tab.  II,  fig.  17).  The  pamphlet  on  the  and)er  fauna,  pub- 
lished a  year  earlier,  contains  a  mere  mention  of  the  generic 
name,  without  description.  The  article  in  the  Linniea  describes 
Tojcorrhina  frarjili^,  from  Porto  Kico,  and,  by  way  of  illustration, 
introduces  a  mention  of  the  fossil  species,  assuming  their  generic 
identity.  The  latter,  however,  as  I  have  shown  in  the  preceding 
geims,  are,  to  all  appeai'ances,  Ele.jdiantomyiae,  as  they  possess  a 
submarginal  cell,  verticils  on  all  the  joints  of  the  flagellum,  etc,' 

'  Dr.  Scliiiier  (Reise,  etc.  der  Nonirn,  Dl/ilera,  p.  33)  doubts  tho  pro- 
priety of  using  the  name  Toxorrhimt  for  T.  froijilh  and  the  otlier  living 
species,  instead  of  leaving  it  with  the  fossil  species,  for  whith  it  was  origi- 


In  15 

two  \o 

tiou  of 

The 

Entum. 

nally  int< 

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stance  th 

no  suoli  c 

B 

i.-itic  murk 

B 

of  the  tfl 

B 

fniijilis  ai 

B 

another  v 

B 

scription  < 

1 

not  descri 

I 

heen  desci 

1 

applies  to 

i 

.stance  tlia 

i 

circumstai 

1 

never  beei 

1 

expressly  t 

m 

to  their  yeti 

m 

p.  107) ;  ii 

w 

l^til,  in  a 

m 

Ktinigslierg 

P 

"Among  tl 

f 

genus,  whi( 

i 

ririiition   of 

i 

rep^e^;entat 

■ ' 

that  Mr.  L( 

1 

vided  with 
exandned  t 

1 

T.  frai/l/is, 

4 

Vi 

can  be  no  <] 

1 

the  genus. 

information 
feiiuence,  I 

i 

rliiiKi   as    I 

•il 

J'/,il>:,L  IS.Oi 

1 

My  jiurpt 

f* 

justify   the 

i 

c|iiestioii,  ha 

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oldgist,  who 

1 

publication 

1 

instance,  my 

1 

8 

TOXOUKIIINA. 


113 


In  1805  (Proc.  Philad.  Evt,  Hoc.  18r,5,  p.  227)  I  published 
two  North  American  Toxorrhiuap,  and  gave  a  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  the  generic  character. 

The  genus  Liinnohior/n/nclius  "NVestw.  (Annoles  de  la  Soc. 
Entum.  de  France,  18^;"),  p.  (ilS3  ;  the  descrij)tion  has  been  repro- 

iially  intended.  He  says :  "  If  Lmiw  introduced  this  genns  for  several 
amber  Uii^era,  which  are  provided  with  a  submarginal  cell,  the  fircum- 
stance  that  he  o/terwurds  added  to  it  a  species  from  Porto  Rico,  which  haa 
no  such  cell,  does  not  prove  that  the  absence  of  this  cell  is  a  character- 
ititic  mark  of  the  genus,  etc."  It  seems  to  me  that  the  question,  to  which 
of  the  two  genera  does  the  name  Toxorr/uiia  rightfully  belong  ?  to  7'. 
fniijilis  and  congeners  or  to  the  three  fossil  species  ?  must  be  answered  by 
another  very  natural  question,  to  which  of  the  two  does  Mr.  Loew's  de- 
scription of  To.rnrrldiia  apply  ?  Tiixinrhina  has  been  merely  named  and 
not  described  in  the  pamphlet  ISirnsteiti  utid  Birnsleiiitannn,  1850;  it  has 
been  described  in  the  following  year  only,  in  the  Liiinoa.  This  description 
applies  to  T.  J'nii/ilis  only,  and  not  to  the  three  fossil  species.  The  circum- 
stance that  these  fossil  species  are  provided  with  a  submarginal  cell,  the 
circumstance  upon  which  Dr.  Schiner's  argument  rests,  has  up  t'>  this  day 
never  been  mentioned  by  Mr.  Loew  in  print;  on  the  contrary,  he  says 
expressly  that  these  species  are  tdimdule.ly  similar  to  T.  frariilis,  uitk  rpr/ard 
to  their  ije.uiric  cliuritctern  (Mr.  l^oew's  expressions  have  beeu  quoted  above, 
p.  107);  in  other  words,  destitute  ■  a  submarginal  cell.  As  late  as  in 
1861,  in  a  lecture  held  before  tlic  .eeting  of  the  German  naturalists  in 
KiJnigsberg  {IJeber  die  JJijitcrnfiiittui  des  licrnnteiHs),  Mr.  Loew  says: 
'•Among  the  amber  Diptera  I  also  found  three  species  of  a  Tipulideous 
genus,  which  I  called  To.nirrldna ;  it  is  remarkable  ....  fur  the  uhiioniial 
rmation  of  its  lointjs.  Afterwards  I  became  acquainted  with  a  living 
representative  of  the  p.ime  genus,"  etc.  Can  it  be  affirmed,  after  this, 
that  Mr.  Loew  int;oduced  the  genus  Toxorrluna  for  certain  species  j)ro- 
viiletl  with  a  submarginal  cell?  He  could  not  have  very  thoroughly 
examined  the  amber  sjiecies,  as  he  overlooked  the  presence  of  that  ct;!!  ; 
T.  fraijiUs,  on  the  contrary,  he  described  and  figured  correctly.  Theie 
•  an  be  no  doubt,  I  think,  that  the  latter  is  to  be  considered  as  the  type  of 
the  genus.  When  I  dis<:overed  Ehphantomiiia,  I  had  no  other  source  of 
information  about  To.rorrhliKi  but  the  above  quoted  description.  In  con- 
Feiiueme,  I  drew  an  elaborate  statement  of  the  dillerences  between  To.ror- 
rhiMi  as  1  found  it  described  and  my  specimens  (/'kic.  Aiad.  Xut.  Sci. 
I'lillcd.  18.'')9,  p.  221),  and  called  the  latter  J-:i</>/,ai,t<»iii/i<i. 

My  jiurpose,  in  publishing  this  somewhat  lengthy  explanation,  is  to 
justify  the  course  1  have  adopted,  which,  owing  to  the  intricacy  of  the 
ijuestion,  has  beeu  misunderstood;  and  I  hope  that  the  eminent  iliptiM-- 
nlogist,  whose  collaboration  I  have  enjoyed  now  for  twelve  years  in  the 
pulilicatiou  of  the  North  American  Diptera,  will  not  take  offence  if,  in  thi^ 
instance,  my  views  are  not  in  accordance  with  his. 
g     July  1838. 


■.1 


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■;l:(k  M 


Jjirl 


M. 


114 


DII'TKUA  OF  NOHTII  AMEIIICA. 


[part  IV. 


duccd  by  mo  in  Proc.  Philad.  Entom.  Soc  18<>6,  p.  231)  must 
lit'  abuiidoiiod.  1  huve  had  tlio  opportunity  to  st'o  the  original 
spt'cimens  in  Mr.  Westwood's  cabinet.  The  genus,  as  I  had 
anti(;ipated  in  the  Proc.  Philud  Ent.  Hoc.  (1.  o.)  is  founded  upon 
the  males  of  one  genus  and  the  females  of  another ;  the  males 
are  Geranumi/ise  and  the  female  is  a  Tojcorrhina ;  henee  it  came 
that  the  genus  was  described  as  having  a  submarginal  cell  in  the 
male  and  none  in  the  female.  Limtwbiorlnjnchus  brazilieusis 
Westw.  (%)  is  a  Geranomyia ;  the  female  is  a  Toxorrhinn, 
very  similar  to  the  male  in  coloring,  and  thus  mistaken  for  the 
same  species.  Limnobiorhynvhua  canodenais  Wcstw.  (^)  is  my 
Gvranomyia  communis ;  the  female  is  not  described. 

Toxorrhina  seems  to  bo  exclusively  confined  to  the  American 
continent.  Uesides  the  two  species,  described  below,  and  the 
two  others,  mentioned  above  (  T.  fragilis  Loew,  from  Porto  Rico, 
and  y.  brazilieusis  "NVestw.  from  Brazil),  I  am  not  aware  of  any 
species  having  been  described. 

The  name  'Poxorrhinv  is  derived  from  r6%ov,  a  bow,  and  (3er, 
nose,  in  allusion  to  the  long  rostrum,  which  i>i  arcuated  in  dried 
(but  not  iu  living)  specimens. 

Description  of  the  species. 

1.  T.  magna  0.  S.     %  and  J  .— Tliorax  fuaco-flavescens,  vittis  tribas 
fiiaiis,  frontu  angusta  ;  alis  iiumauiilatis. 

Thorax  brownish-yellow,  with  three  brown  stripes ;  front  narrow ;  wings 
immaculate.     Long.  corp.  0.5 — O.G  (witliout  the  proboscis). 

SvN.    Toxorrhina  viaijna  O.  Sackes,  Proo.  Phil.  Entom.  Soc.  18G5,  p.  232. 

Head  j(!llowish -cinereous ;  front  narrow,  brownish  in  the 
middle  ;  antennte  brown ;  jjroboscis  brown,  about  once  and  a 
half  the  length  of  the  head  and  the  thora.x  taken  together. 
Thorax  pale  brownish-yellow,  with  three  not  very  dark  brown 
stripes ;  the  intermediate  one  is  rather  broad ;  its  sides  are 
parallel  and  very  well  defined  ;  beyond  the  suture,  the  thorax, 
including  the  scutellum  and  metathorax,  is  covered  with  a  dense 
gray  bloom  ;  pleura)  brownish-yellow,  with  a  cinereous  bloom. 
Abdomen  reddish-brown.  Coxaj  yellow  ;  feet  brownish-tawny ; 
tips  of  the  tibiai  and  the  tarsi,  except  the  basis  of  the  first  joint, 
brown.  Wings  hyaline  ;  costal  veijis  yellowish-tawny,  the  other 
veins  brown ;    the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  almost  exactly 


-1. 

!    ■              ■■■     ■ 

! 

TOXOUIIIIINA. 


115 


Opposite  the  origin  of  the  second  vein ;  section  of  the  second 
vein,  posterior  to  tiie  small  cross-vein,  arcuated  ;  the  great  cross- 
veiii  is  at  the  very  basis  of  the  discal  cell ;  the  cross-vein  sepa- 
ruting  the  discal  from  the  (irst  basal  cell  is  very  oblique ;  no 
vestige  of  a  stigma  (Tab.  I,  f.  6). 

Uab.    New  Jersey,  in  July  (Cresson^  ;  a  male  and  a  female 
speeimen. 


3.   T.  milliebria  0.  S.      % . — Obscuro  cinerea,  fronte  latiori,   vittis 
thorai-i:!  obscuris,  pedibus  pallidis,  alid  iminuuulatis. 

Dark  cin«<renu8,  front  rather  broad,  stripes  of  the  thorax  blackish,  feot  pale 
tawny,  wings  imtuaculate.     Long.  corp.  0.3. 

SvN.    Toxorrhina  muliebris  0.  Sacken,  Proo.  Phil.  Entom.  Soc.  18t!5,  p.  233. 

Head  blackish  or  dark  gray ;  occiput  and  occipital  orbits 
cinereous ;  antenna!  brownish  ;  basal  joints  darkcT ;  i)roboscis 
pale  brown.  Thora.x  blackish-gray  ;  the  usual  three  stripes  are 
still  darker,  almost  black;  they  occupy  the  great-r  part  of  the 
mcsonotum  ;  the  latter  shows,  especially  on  the  sides,  a  yellowish 
bloom  ;  metathorax  blackish,  with  a  gray  bloom.  Feet,  including 
the  eoxie,  yellowish  ;  tarsi  infuscated  from  the  tip  of  the  first  joint. 
Abdomen  blackish ;  forceps  of  the  male  reddish-yellow.  Wings 
hyaline ;  no  vestige  of  a  stigma  ;  costal  and  first  longitudinal 
veins  tawny,  the  other  veins  darker  brown  ;  the  tip  of  the  au.\- 
iliary  vein  is  very  slightly  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  vein ; 
the  section  of  the  second  vein,  posterior  to  the  small  cross-vein, 
is  strongly  arcuated  ;  the  cross-vein  at  the  inner  end  of  the  discal 
cell  is  very  oblique ;  the  great  cross-vein  is  a  little  before  the 
discal  cell.  * 

Hub.  Princeton,  Mass.  (Scuddcr)  ;  a  single  male  specimen. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  the  preceding  by  its  much 
smaller  size,  its  darker  and  more  gray  coloring,  and  its  compara- 
tively broader  front.  Whether  the  ))osition  of  the  great  cross- 
vein,  which  in  T.  muliebris  is  before  the  discal  cell,  is  also  to  be 
reckoned  among  the  constant  characters  of  the  species,  is  uncer- 
tain, as  I  have  but  a  single  specimen.  The  joints  of  the  flagellum 
of  this  species  immediately  following  the  stout  basal  joint,  are 
very  short  and  crowded  together;  they  are  more  elongated  in  T. 
mnqna.  The  color  of  the  only  specimen  in  my  possession  is 
somewhat  injured  by  moisture,  especially  about  the  head. 


'•mm 


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lie 


PIPTKRA  OP  NORTH  AMKKICA. 


Oen.  IX.   DICRAIVOPTVCII.4. 


[PABT  IV. 


One  Buhmarginnl  cell ;  four  posterior  ouIIh  ;  a  diseal  fell ,  tint  fir«t  loii^^i- 
tudiiinl  vein  very  long,  its  tip  is  not  very  fur  biiik  of  tlie  tip  of  tlie  wini(; 
the  siilxnarginal  and  tlie  posterior  cells  also  elongated  ;  a  tlisliiiri  fnlil, 
orltjiudtiii'j  l'ri>m  iihimt  the  'iiidille  of  the  sixth  hmijilmlimd  vein,  runs  alumj  thf 
iiiiddlv  of  thf  anal  nil  tinnirtls  the  pusterior  miinjin  (Tab.  F,  flg.  >^).  Wings 
elongated,  strongly  iridescent ;  veins  pubescent.  Feet  long,  jiilose  ;  tibirij 
without  spurs  nt  the  tip;  empodia  distinct;  ungues  smooth.  Antennie 
lt)-j()inted,  of  nuHlerato  length.  The  forceps  of  the  male  consists  of  the 
usual  basal  pieces,  with  claw-shaped  or  hook-shaped  horny  appeiida.jes 
(Tab.  Ill,  fig.  12,  one-half  of  the  forceps  of  I),  sohrina ;  Tab.  Ill,  llg.  11, 
forceps  of  JJ.  nli/ri/teH). 

Uostruin  short,  epistonm  transverse,  stout;  lips  rather  fli!shy ; 
palpi  short,  sticoiul  joint  short,  stout,  tho  third  a  littlu  loiifi^er,  the 
fourth  not  inucli  longer  tiiau  the  tiiiril.  Eyes  glabrous,  front 
rather  broad ;  on  the  under  side  of  the  head,  the  eyes  are  eon- 
tiguous.  The  antennse,  when  bent  baciiwards,  reach  the  root  of 
tho  wings  in  the  male;  they  are  a  little  siiorter  in  the  female; 
seeond  joint  stout ;  four  or  live  basal  joints  of  the  flagelluni  short 
eylindrical ;  the  fi^llowing  oties  more  elongated,  slightly  iiicras- 
sated  at  the  basis ;  verticils  moderately  long.  Colhire  moderately 
developed,  the  head  closiOy  applied  to  it ;  tiioracie  suture  deeply 
marked.  Feet  long,  rather  stout,  pilose ;  enipodia  large  and 
distinct ;  no  spurs ;  the  usual  excision  exists  on  the  under  side 
between  the  two  last  tarsal  joints  in  the  male.  Tlie  appendages 
of  the  male  forceps  of  1>.  sobritm  are  double  on  each  side ;  a 
iiorny,  pointed,  unguiform  piece,  and  a  more  lamelliform,  coria- 
ceous, curved  piece,  witli  a  brusli  of  short  hairs  at  tiie  tip ; 
the  forceps  of  JK  iii<jri.pcs  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  11)  has  a  somewhat 
similar  structure  ;  only  the  horny  appendages  are  longer  and 
form  a  doul)le  curve  (for  more  details,  compare  the  explana- 
tion of  the  plates  at  the  end  of  this  volume).  Upper  valves  of  the 
ovipositor  are  of  moderate  length,  arcuated,  somewhat  flattened, 
and  rather  blunt  at  the  tip.  The  wings  (Tab.  I,  fig.  8,  wing  of 
D.  aobrina)  are  elongated  and  comparatively  narrow ;  the  aux- 
iliary vein  reaches  considerably  beyond  the  origin  of  the  pra>furca, 
and  ends  in  the  costa  a  short  distance  beyond  the  inner  end  of 
the  submargiiial  cell ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  close  by  its  tip; 
the  first  liiugitudinal  vein  runs  very  far  towards  the  apex  of  the 
wing;  its  tip  is  nearer  to  this  apex  than  to  the  tip  of  the  aux- 


iliary V 
at  a  ili> 
tlif  sti} 
sides  ur 
i-i  licfdi 

Vfl'V  si 

than  liii 
(if  the  p 
tatt;  an 
lliird  vc 
jiostcrio 


inull'i' if 


i)irn.\N()PTY(  iiA. 


IIT 


iliarv  vein  ;  tlic  mar^iiml  cruss-Vfin  is  siimcwhnt  Itiick  of  tin's  tip, 
at  a  ilisliiiico  wliicli  is  a  littU;  sliortcr  tiiaii  tlio  ffn-at  cnitss-vfiii  ; 
till-  sti<;ina  is  iiiilistinct,  fiM'iniii;^  an  I'loii^atcii   stn-ak   on   l)utli 

sides  of  tin"  lii'st  loiij^itiuliiial  vein  ;  tiu'  origin  of'tlir  st lal  vt'in 

i-i  licforc  t'li'  niiildie  of  the  ldi,u:iii  of  tlio  wiiij? ;  tho  itra-liiiTU, 
viiv  siitrlitly  art'ualiMl  at  its  basis,  is  j^cncrally  short,  iniifh  k'ss 
tliiiii  half  the  h-nj^lh  of  the  subniai'jxinal  (tII  ;  this  early  orij^iii 
of  tilt'  pru'fnrca,  its  siiortncss,  and  tlio  Icnglli  of  the  winj;,  ncci-ssi- 
lati!  an  nnnsually  lonj^  suliniartrinal  ccl!  ;  its  sides  (second  and 
tliird  veins),  are  nearly  ]>arall(vl  and  jretierally  arcuated  ;  the  lirst 
posterior  cell  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  snhniarginal  ;  the  discal 
cell  has  the  shape  of  u  parallehtfrram  ;  the  fold  in  the  anal  cell  is 
especially  perceptible  when  the  wing  is  held  against  the  light ;  it 
iissiinies  then  tlu;  appearance  of  a  vein,  which  disap|)ears  Ijcfore 
reaching  the  posterior  margin;  tin!  throe  last  longitudinal  veins 
are  nearly  straight.  The  venation  varies  Imt  little  in  the  species 
which  I  Iiave  examined  ;  the  (Ulfercnce  principally  consists  in  the 
length  of  the  priefurca.  The  veins  are  always  linely  puliescent ; 
the  costa  is  also  more  hair}'  than  nsual,  and  sometimes,  in  the  nmle 
sex,  bears  a  coiisjdcuons  fringe  of  dense  and  comparatively  long 
hairs.  The  wings  have  a  I'ather  striking  iridescence,  which,  as 
in  Antocha,  seems  due  to  the  great  density  and  minuteness  of  the 
III  ;roscopic  i)iibeseeneo  of  the  surface;  although  transparent, 
they  have  a  dull  appearance,  and  are  always  tinged  with  grayish 
or  yellowish. 

IJesides  the  three  species  described  below,  I  possess  one  from 
California  and  two  occur  in  Europe.  The  prevailing  colors  seem 
to  lie  dull  grayish  or  yellowish,  without  any  well-marked  stripes 
or  liaiids. 

The  presence  of  ompodia  and  the  structure  of  the  mouth 
ivmiiul  of  Limnophila,  from  which,  however,  JUcnmo/ifi/c/ui  is 
iiliundantly  distinguished  liy  the  want  of  a  si'cond  submarginal 
cell  and  of  spurs  on  the  tii)iie.  Xo  immediate  relationship  can  yet 
he  pointed  out,  except  perhaps  the  European  genus  (>riiii(ir<ja. 

The  name  of  this  genus,  estalilished  Ity  me  in  i  S.")!l,  is  derived  from 
Lxiiavov,  fork,  and  nrvxr;,  fold,  in  allusion  to  the  fold  in  the  anal  cell. 

Description  of  the  s/u'cieit, 

1.    D.  germana   O.  S.      %   and   9  • — Fnacano-ochracea  ;    alis  fulvo- 
tinctis,  opalizaiitibus  ;  prnefurca  cellule  discoidali  luulto  longiur. 


f-  -1. 


'':  :* 


■■■.   ^•:  :t^;| 

•  ■•  -i    -M 

■.  ■  m'^i 

-■'■hll-l':  'V., 


k>« 


118 


PII'TKUA  OF  NOIITII  AMEIUOA. 


[part  IV. 


,1 


'i,  1 


Itinwiiirth-ochraceourt ;  wiiifrii  with  a  fulvous  tinge,  opaledouiit ;  the  prit> 
furca  in  much  longer  thau  the  dineal  cell.     Long.  corp.  0.4 — 0.45. 

Sym.    Divrannplychii  ijermunu  0.  Sackkn,  Proo.  Ao.  Nat.  8u.  I'hII.  1H.'>!),  p.  217. 

Iloud  ycllowish-L'iiU!iv«UH  ;  jmlpi  brown  ;  aiilciimi!  tawny  at  tlu! 
basis,  (larkor  towards  the  tip.  Tlioru.ic  browiiish-oi-liruo  wus^, 
incsonotiim  al)ove,  esp«'t'ially  posteri<trly,  tho  si'ut«>ilum  and  the 
iii('tutii(»ra.\  with  a  more  or  lesH  (ii.sliiict  hrowiiisli-gray  l)h)oin  ; 
lowt'r  part  of  the  pleiiric  Koiiiewliat  hoary;  haltcrn.s  oi'iiraci'oiis. 
Feet  ferriigiiioiis-tawiiy,  eiotheii  with  bluek  hairs;  tip.s  of  the 
tibitr  infuscated ;  last  joints  of  tho  tarsi  browiiisii.  AI)donH'n 
browni.sli-ochraceous,  more  or  less  dark  ;  in  the  male,  the  last  sog- 
nicnt  is  sonietintes  brown  ;  forceps  oehraceons.  The  winps  are 
of  a  saturate,  fulvous  tin(;(>,  with  a  peculiar  iiluish,  opaliziii^ 
reflection;  the  veins  are  fulvous  and  distinctly  jiubescent ;  if 
viewed  obli((uely,  the  veins  app<-ar  yellow  on  bluish  };rouiid.  The 
pricfurca  is  about  once  and  a  third  tin;  lenjj;fh  of  the  discal  cell ; 
the  latter  is  more  than  twice  as  lon^r  as  it  is  brond  ;  its  inner  end 
is  sometimes  straigiit,  sometimes  ol)li(ine  and  arcuated. 

J/ah.  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.,  where  1  found  this  species  to  be 
verj'  common  in  July,  iHoS. 

The  description  is  drawn  from  dry  specimens  ;  among  the  notes 
which  I  took  from  living  ones,  I  iind  the  following  character 
mentioned:  "Abdomen  yellow,  with  five  brown  spots  along  the 
nuirgins,  at  the  incisures."  One  of  the  specimens  has  a  stum[) 
of  a  vein  near  tho  origin  of  the  pra)furca. 


3>   D*  so1>rina  O.  S.      ^  and  9  • — Fuscano-cinerea,  alis  subcinereis ; 
priel'urca  celhild.  diacnidali  non  l^ngior. 

Brownish-cinereous,  wings  suboiFirireoua ;   pr.Tfiirca  not  longer  than  the 
discal  cell  (Tab.  I,  fig.  8).     Long.  corp.  U.4 — (>.4r). 

Sy.n.  iJicraiioptyrlia  sohriiia  O.  Sackkv,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  1859,  p.  218. 
Dicranopt iiclia  sororvula  O.  ISacke.n,  I.  o. 

Head  yellowish-gray ;  palpi  brown  ;  antenna}  brownish ;  two 
basal  joints  paler;  the  first  with  a  whitish  bloom  (in  some  speci- 
mens these  joints  are  more  infuscated).  Thorax  gray,  with  a 
yellowish-brown  bloom  above,  indicative  of  the  ordinary  stripes; 
the  latter  are  more  or  less  distinctly  nmrked ;  pleuraj  hoary, 
halteres  jtale  ;  feet  tawny,  densely  clothed  with  a  moderately 
long,  black  pubescence  ;  fore  femora  sometimes  brown,  except  at 


DICUANOITYCIIA. 


no 


tlic  basis;  the  iii*"rnic(11ut('  niid  liiml  onus  brown  at  llic  tip  only 
(suiuftinics  tbc  feet  un>  uito^etlu'i'  of  a  pulu  <;oloi'iii^).  Alxlonicn 
liiiiL'ivisli-cinc'nMiUh,  venti-i*  piiliT;  p-nital.s  yellow.  Wiiij,'.s  with  a 
l>iiU'  c'ihoreous  i\u\tv,  iriilcsccnt ;  tli«>ru  is,  in  Homo  s|M'cini(>ns,  u 
.Hli);:litly  nioi'u  brownisli  tin^o  alon^  t\w  nntorior  nuir^^iii  bctwoon 
the  tip  ut'  llu!  first  lon^ritiKlinal  vein  and  tli(«  apex  of  tin;  win^; 
tlio  costa  is  clollit'd  witli  black  lialrs  wliicli,  in  tiie  male,  an'  inncli 
jonjfcr  and  form  a  dense,  conspiruous  friiiffe;  all  the  veins  aro 
elotlii'd  with  moderately  Ion;;  hairs;  pnufiirea  very  short,  hardly 
lonfjer,  sometimes  evidently  shorter,  than  the  diseal  cell. 

Jldh.  Wasliinfrt(»n,  I).  ('.  Immatnr«>  speeiinens  of  n  paler 
colorinjj:,  witii  uniformly  pale  feet,  and  without  any  trace  of  a 
darker  tiiif^c  near  the  apex  of  the  winjf,  often  occur. 

I  possess  Romu  specimens  from  (ieor^ia  and  Pennsylvania  the 
niales  of  whicli  itavu  no  conspicuous  f'rinp;  of  hairs  alon;;  the 
costa;  the  pubescence  t»f  their  costa  is  not  porce|)tibly  lonj^er 
tlian  that  of  the  female;  the  two  l)asal  joiids  of  the  antenmu 
seem  to  l)e  more  intensely  yellow.  This  is  what  I  formerly 
described  as  J),  mrorrula  ;  but  I  donl)t  now  tliat  it  is  a  distinct 
species,  and  placis  it  among  the  synonyms,  until  further  observa- 
tion proves  the  contrary. 

3.  D.  niffripes  ().  S.  %. — rVrriipineo-ochrac«a,  ft-ninruni  apice  nigro; 
uliri  fulvusiuntibvat ;  prcptarca  celluld  discuidali  non  longiur. 

OcliracHous,  with  a  I'jddish,  ferrugiiions  tinj?H  ;  tip  of  tlin  femora  Mackish  ; 
wiiius  yullowisli ;  piiefurua  nut  longer  than  the  disuul  cull.  Long. 
Corp.  0.4. 

Syn.  Dicrunoptycha  niijTlpr.s  0.  Sackes,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Su,  Pldl.  185!),  p.  218. 

Head  cinereous,  antenna)  black;  two  i)asal  joints  ferruginous- 
yellow  ;  rostrum  brownish,  palpi  black.  Thorax  reddi.sh-yellow  ; 
])leura},  nietanotum  beyond  the  suture,  scutellum,  and  metathorux 
with  a  strong  hoary  bloom;  metathorax  darker  at  the  basis; 
luilteres  pale  ;  coxa?  and  basis  of  the  femora  yellowish-ferriigi- 
nous,  the  remainder  of  the  feet  is  clothed  with  a  dense,  black 
pubescence,  which  almost  entirely  conceals  the  tawny  ground 
(■()Ior ;  tip  of  the  femora  black,  with  a  yellow  band  befon;  it, 
pspecially  distinct  on  the  front  part.  Abdomen  brownish-yellow; 
the  segments  of  the  venter,  from  the  third  to  llie  seventh,  havo 
transverse  black  spots  iu  the  middle,     "Wings  tinged  with  brown- 


up 

. 'I  . 

11 

1 

i 

»r 

'm 

,■■  ■   M 

11 

■■ 

'IiMlHl 

-Bit  ^>4m 

, 

' 

•  ''  •^t.^H*f| 

i 

•  •■  '  '^L''«'  '■'  9 

* .' 

f 

P 

.  •■''  '■  , 

■  •  1*' 

ii 

i< 

■    •'    '    •   ■■  t  :   ')!>m 

I- : 

i 

;  '_   'f^i 

■  '>>  "fii-  i 

!'■.'•■ 

'■i       '-r   Mi 

;  V  ■' 

f   , 

'       (  ;■    .;      \*.   e':M 

,  \ 

■'4?::i^-i 

■  / 

». 

« 

w  'I*." 


120 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMKHTCA. 


[part  IV. 


ish-yellow,  which  color  is  more  satunito,  ahnost  ferruginous,  along 
the  anterior  margin  ;  there  is  a  fringe  of  black  hairs  along  the 
costa,  between  the  ti}»  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  the  apex 
of  the  wing;  the  surfaet!  of  the  wing  is  slightly  infuseated  along 
this  fringe  ;  veins  finely  pubescent  ;  the  diseal  cell  is  at  least 
three  times  longer  than  it  is  broad;  the  priufurca  is  not  longer 
than  this  cell. 

JIuh.  Dalton,  Ga.  ;  a  single  male  specimen,  taken  by  me  in 
1859. 

Pome  remarks  about  the  male  forceps  of  this  species  (Tab.  lY, 
fig.  J  I)  will  be  found  in  the  descrii>tion  of  the  plates  of  the  male 
genitals,  at  the  end  of  tiiis  volume. 


■iir' 


,ji;V,i>|  ■.•■',..  t   ; 


Gen.  X.    OIU]IIAR«A. 

One  Rny)rnarginal  cell  ;  four  posterior  cells  ;  f/Zsrd/  cell  oprn,  codlesccnt 
trltli  (lie  si'Ciiiid  postcriDr  all ;  i/n'iit  rii>s.i-ri tii  tihoiit  the  iniddic  itf  the  iriiit/, 
and  hence,  tiie  fouitli  posterior  cell  very  long  (Tab.  I,  lig.  it).  Tihiie  without 
spurs  at  tlie  tip:  enipodia  distinct.  Antenniu  IG-jointed.  Basal  pieces 
of  the  male  forceps  elongated,  slender,  with  horny,  slender,  daw-sliaped 
appendages  at  the  tip  ;  ujjper  valves  of  the  ovipositor  small,  slender, 
pointed. 

Kostrum  projecting,  cylindrical,  much  shorter  than  the  liead  ; 
eyes  large,  glabrous ;  front  comparatively  narrow.  Collare  ex- 
tended in  a  somewhat  elongated  neck  ;  mesonotiim  moderately 
'•onvex,  rather  narrowed  anteriorly ;  mchosternum  very  long. 
Feet  long  and  slender,  apparently  glabrous  (the  jiuln^sceiice 
being  microscopic)  ;  the  usual  excision  between  the  two  last 
tarsal  joints,  on  the  under  side,  exists  here  in  the  male.  Abdo- 
men elongated,  narrow.  Wings  elongated,  rather  narrow  (Tab. 
1,  lig.  \)).  The  auxiliary  vein  ends  in  the  costa  a  little  distance 
anterior  to  the  inner  end  of  the  submargiiial  cell  ami  at  a  con- 
sidi'rable  distance  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal 
vi'in  (this  distance  being  more  than  one-third  of  the  breadth  of 
the  wing);  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  stout  and  runs 
ol)li(|Uely  into  the  costa  which,  at  and  be\M)nd  that  point,  seems 
to  be  slightly  incrnssated  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  immediately 
precedes  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  the  llrst  longitudinal  vein 
reaches  far  beyond  the  1ii»  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  ends  in  the 
costa  at  a  point  which  is  distinctly  nearer  to  the  apex  of  the  wing 
than  to  the  tip  of  the  au.\iliary  vein  ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein 


OniMAROA, 


121 


issues  from  tlic  firnt  at  about  i1h>  middle  of  tlio  Ic.ifrdi  of  tlie 
wiiitf ;  tiie  priufuiTa  is  aii<rularly  lu'iit  iit-ar  its  basis  (in  my  spoci- 
nifiis  ('v<'n  witii  a  vostigo  of  a  stump  of  a  vein);  its  rnuaiuiiif; 
|n)rli(»ii  isj  nearly  straiuflit,  the  len^tli  of  this  portion  beinj^  about 
two-tiiirds  of  the  subniarginai  cell  ;  the  portion  of  the  seeond 
l()iijj;itudinal  vein  which  is  l>eyond  the  origin  of  the  third,  Ih  very 
Lrentiv  arcuated  :  the  marginal  cross-vein  Ih  at  about  the  middle 
of  the  distance  between  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and 
the  inner  end  of  the  sul)marginal  cell ;  the  stignni  is  indistinct, 
forming  an  elongated  streak  on  both  sides  of  the  lirst  longitudinal 
vein,  between  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  ti»e  marginal  cross- 
vein  ;  the  first  posterior  ceil  is  a  good  deal  shorter  than  the  sub- 
marginal-,  as  the  small  cross-vein  is  about  opposite  the  middle  of 
tlie  di.-.tance  between  the  inner  end  of  the  submarginul  cell  and 
the  marginal  cross-vein  ;  the  veins  inclosing  the  lirst  jmsterior 
cell  are  straight,  parallel,  converging  at  the  tip  only  ;  the  inner 
end  of  the  second  posterior  cell  is  not  quite  in  one  line  with  ihe 
snial!  cross-vein,  but  i)rojects  a  little  towards  the  basis  of  the 
wing;  the  third  posterior  cell  is  short,  i)etiolate  (and  hence,  it  is 
the  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth  vein  which  is  forked);  the 
fourth  posterior  cell  is  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  second,  as 
the  great  cross-vein  is  removed  to  the  middle  of  the  wing,  a  litth; 
beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  vein  ;  fifth  longitudinal  vein 
nearly  straight;  the  seventh,  for  nearly  one-half  of  its  length, 
niiis  so  closely  along  the  sixth,  that  they  appear  coaiesccnt ; 
heyoiid  this,  however,  the  seventh  vein  diverges  from  tin!  sixth 
and  runs  in  a  nearly  straight  line  towards  the  margin  of  the  wing. 
The  venation  of  this  genus  along  the  anterior  margin  has  an 
unmistakable  rescml)lanco  to  that  of  Dicrdnojili/cfia ;  they  have 
ill  comnion  the  great  distance  between  the  tips  of  the  auxiliary 
and  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  the  length  of  the  latter,  tlu; 
shape  and  position  of  the  stignui.  'ind  the  position  of  the  niarginal 
cross-vein  ;  both  have  distinct  empodia.  Tlu;  dilVerenees  (al»senee 
of  a  discal  cell  and  unusual  jiosition  of  the  great  cross-vein  in 
Orimnrga)  arc  obvious;  but  these  difTerences  notwithstanding, 
I  incline  to  believe  that  the  place  of  the  present  genus  is  next  t(» 
I>i('ranopfi/<-ha.  We  ought  not  to  overlook  at  the  same  time  the 
remarkable  analogy  in  the  structure  of  Ihi!  tliorax  of  Orimon/n 
h'm\  of  To.r<n'rhi)m  :  in  both  the  same  oblong  shape,  comparatively 
luurow,  when  viewed  from  above,  a  long  neck,  and  a  remarkable 


%XJ, 


4"  s;T*'»i 


K 


122 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


lil'iBU'i?, 


(levelopniont  of  the  mesosternum.  Such  analogies  are  to  i)e  kept 
in  view,  till  further  discoveries  poMit  out  their  true  sign ifica nee. 

The  foregoing  (lescri[>tion  has  been  prepared  from  two  speci- 
mens found  in  Gernuvny,  and  which  I  owe  to  Mr.  Loew's  com- 
munication. They  belong,  if  I  am  not  mistaken,  to  Limnohia 
alpina  Zett.  {Dipt.  Scand.  X,  p.  389,  69)  ;  two  other  species 
described  by  the  same  author  (1.  c.  70,  71; — L.  vinjo  and  juw- 
nilis — api)arently  belong  to  the  same  genus.  A  species  similar 
to,  or  identical  with  the  one  I  have  now  before  me,  has  been  seen 
by  me  in  Mr.  Bellardi's  collection  in  Turin ;  I  believe  that  it  was 
taken  in  the  north  of  Italy.  No  American  species  has  as  jot 
been  discovered. 

The  name  of  this  genus,  introduced  here  for  the  first  tifnc,  is  de- 
rived from  dptijuapyoj,  meaning  extravagantly  fond  of  moantairiH, 


mm' 


¥'  \\ 


Gen.  XL    ELLIS^TERA. 

One  snbtnarginal  cell ;  four  posterior  CfUa  ;  discal  cell  open,  coalesceiit 
with  the  third  posterior  cell ;  praefurca  straight,  very  closely  approximated 
to  the  first  longitudinal  vein  (Tab.  I,  fig.  10).  Antennae  16-jointed.  Tibiae 
without  spurs  at  the  tip ;  empodia  not  distinct.  Forceps  of  the  male  rather 
elongated. 

As  I  have  not  seen  this  interesting  European  genus,  I  borrow 
the  description  partly  from  its  author.  Dr.  Schiner,  partly  from  u 
written  communication  of  Mr.  Loew;  the  description  of  the  vena- 
tion I  prepare  from  specimens  of  wings  which  I  have  before  me :' — 

Head  rounded,  transverse,  rather  closely  applied  to  the  thorax; 
rostrum  very  short;  antennae  of  moderate  length,  Ifi-jointed; 
first  joint  short  cylindrical,  second  globose  ;  the  third  round(Ml 
oval,  but  little  loliger  than  bri)ad  ;  the  following  joints  almost 
globose,  with  short  hairs.  Front  broad  ;  eyes  glabrous,  rounded. 
Thora.x  gently  convex;  oollare  distinct,  but  short;  transverse 
suture  distinct ;  metathorax  well  developed  ;  abdomen  narrow, 
ihe  two  halves  of  the  forceps  long  and  narrow,  leaving  an  open 
space  between  them  when  closed ;  ovipositor  short,  arcuated  at 
tiu!  tip.  Feet  long  and  slender;  tibia3  without  spurs  at  the  tip 
(the  pubescence,  as  it  reaches  the  tip  has  sometimes  the  apjiear- 
bnee  of  spurs,  which  do  not  exist) ;  enipodia  indistinct.  Wings 
folded  flat  over  the  body,  when  at  rest. 


'  Several  wings  were  kindly  sent  to  me  I)y  Dr.  Schiner  in  a  lett(^r. 


^.^' 


ELLIPTERA. 


123 


The  auxiliary  vein  hardly  readies  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
wing;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  ut  a  considerable  distance  from 
its  tip  (about  three  lengths  of  the  great  cross-vein)  ;  the  costa  is 
distinctly  incrassated  between  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and 
the  apex  of  the  wing;  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is  at 
about  the  middle  of  the  distance  between  the  two  last-named 
points ;  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is  again  at  about 
the  middle  of  the  distance  between  the  tip  of  the  first  vein  and 
the  apex  of  the  wing.  The  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  is  a  short  distance  beyond  th"  subcostal  cross-vein,  and  at  a 
Considerable  distance  before  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein ;  the 
latter  distance  is  more  than  double  the  length  of  the  great  cross- 
vein ;  the  praefurca,  starting  at  an  exceedingly  acute  angle,  runs 
very  close  by  the  first  vein  ;  beyond  the  origin  of  the  third  vein 
the  interval  between  the  first  and  second  veins  is  a  little  greater; 
no  marginal  cross-vein  is  perceptible  ;  the  stigma  is  rather  long. 
The  third  vein  has  its  origin  not  far  from  the  middle  of  the  distance 
between  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  and  that  of  the  first  longitudinal 
vein  ;  its  first  segment  forms  a  sharp  curve,  almost  a  quarter  of  a 
circle,  being  sometimes  provided  at  this  place  with  a  stump  of  a 
vein  ;  its  latter  segment  is  gently  arcuated.  First  posterior  cell 
shorter  than  the  submarginal ;  its  inner  end  almost  in  a  line  with 
the  third  posterior  cell,  which  is  coalescent  with  the  discal  cell ; 
the  second  posterior  cell  is  about  half  the  length  of  the  first ;  the 
great  cross-vein  is  almost  in  one  line  with  the  inner  end  of  the 
third  posterior  cell,  sometimes  a  little  anterior  to  it ;  the  fifth 
vein  is  gently  arcuated  beyond  the  great  cross-vein  ;  the  sixth 
aui'  ?uiventh  veins  are  nearly  straight ;  the  anal  angle  of  the  wing 
\?.  ;;iCf!erately  projecting. 

'i!  '  foregoing  description  applies  to  the  wing  of  EUiptcra 
omissa  Schin.  But  Mr.  Loew  informs  me  that  he  has  discovered 
a  second  species,  the  venation  of  which  is  somewhat  different; 
the  auxiliary  vein  is  longer;  and  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  nearly- 
opposite  the  inner  end  of  the  submarginal  cell. 

ElUptera  omissa  is  blackish  in  coloring,  and  has,  according  to 
Dr.  Schincr,  somewhat  the  appearance  of  IHcranomyia  mono  V. 
(or  morioides  0.  S.) ;  it  is  not  rare  in  Austria. 

The  most  remarkable  feature  of  the  venation  of  this  genus  is 
the  course  of  the  second  vein,  which  is  so  much  approximated  to 
the  first,  as  if  to  foreshadow  an  absolute  coalescence.    The  position 


5  '-mi 


?    i 


.  V 


>u 


^\-r,  .f   Li 


124 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV 


of  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  also  unutiual.  The  incrassation  of 
the  costa  beyond  the  junction  of  the  auxiliary  vein  it.  likewise 
observable  in  Orimarga,  Toxorrhina,  and  Anlocha.  Tiiere  is 
perhaps  a  certain  relationship  between  ElUptera  and  Orimarr/a  ; 
but  the  latter  has  distinct  enipodia,  which  tlie  former,  accordin},^ 
to  all  accounts,  has  vot.  On  the  other  hand,  the  course  of  the 
second  vein,  the  shape  of  the  wing,  and  the  absence  of  empodia 
somewhat  remind  us  of  Antocha. 

ElUptera  (from  irxtinu,  I  omit,  perhaps  on  account  of  this 
genus  having  been  overlooked  so  long)  has  been  first  introduced 
by  Dr.  Schiner,  in  X't^Q'i  {Wiener  En  to  moL  Monalsvhr.  Vol.  VII, 
p.  222,  and  also  Fauna  Austr.  Diptera,  II,  p.  559). 


'i^n  '  '■  • 


Oen.  XII.    AXTOCHA. 

One  submarginal  cell ;  four  posterior  cells  :  a  Hiscal  cell ;  nu.riliary  vein 
indistinct,  being  closeli/  uppUed  to  the  _fir.it  loiiijlludinaf  vein  ;  the  latter  con- 
vergent towards  the  costa  and  finally  coal«aceiit  with  it ;  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein,  at  its  origin,  forms  an  acute  angle  with  the  first  longitudinal: 
anal  angle  almost  square  (Tah.  I,  fig.  11).  Wings  with  a  milky  tinge. 
Antennffi  IG-jointed,  rather  short.  Tibise  without  spurs  at  tlie  tip.  Em- 
podia indistinct.  Ungues  with  small  teeth  on  the  under  side,  at  the  basis. 
Forceps  of  the  male  with  comparatively  small  claw-shaped  horny  append- 
ages (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  10,  forceps  of  A.  saxicola,  from  above). 

Rostrum  cylindrical,  somewhat  projecting;  palpi  slender,  rather 
prolonged,  although  shorter  than  the  head  ;  first  j(»int  elongated, 
second  and  third  shorter ;  last  joint  somewhat  elongated.  The 
antennae,  if  bent  backwards,  would  not  reach  the  root  of  the 
wings  ;  basal  joint  short ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  subglobular, 
last  joint  more  elongated  ;  the  flagellum  is  beset  with  short  hairs 
and,  on  the  under  side,  with  a  delicate  pubescence ;  no  distinct 
verticils.  Eyes  glabrous,  almost  contiguous  on  the  under  side 
of  the  head  ;  front  narrow.  Collare  but  moderately  developed  ; 
thoracic  suture  deep.  Knobs  of  the  halteres  rather  large.  Feet 
comparatively  short,  moderately  stout ;  tibia?  without  spurs  at  the 
tip;  empodia  indistinct ;  the  ungues  have  small  teiith  on  the  under 
side,  near  the  basis,  like  those  of  Dicranomyia ;  the  last  tar.sal 
joint  of  the  male  is  excised  on  the  under  side  in  the  interval 
between  it  and  the  preceding  joint.  The  comparatively  broad 
wings  are  distinguished  by  the  shape  of  their  anal  angle,  which 
is  that  of  a  rectangle  with  a  rounded  point ;  the  course  of  the 


ii'il-^ 


■fi'^.V 


ANTOCIIA. 


125 


uiixiliiiry  anil  first  longitudinal  veins  is  peculiar;  the  former  is 
flosfly  approximated  to  tlie  latter  and  therefore  rather  indistinct ; 
the  liiller,  instead  of  running  i)arallel  to  tlie  costa  and  tlien 
turning  suddenly  towards  it  (as  it  u.sualiy  does),  gradually  nierges 
into  tlie  costa,  which  is  inerassated  beyond  their  junction.*  The 
iiiiirgiiial  cross-vein  is  feebly  murked,  altliongh  ])or('cptiblc.  The 
origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is  like  tluii  of  J-Jrioptera, 
that  is,  before  the  middle  of  the  length  of  the  wing  and  at  a  very 
iicnte  angle;  the  pra,'furca  is  i)erfectly  straight  and  (piite  as  long 
as  tii(>  rrniainder  of  the  second  vein,  or  longer;  tlie  sulnnarginal 
cell  is  by  one  half  longer  than  tlie  first  jiosterior;  tlie  latter  is 
square  at  its  inner  end,  the  small  cross-vein  lieiiig  eomiiarativcly 
long;  discal  cell  small,  almost  square;  its  inner  end  is  obrupie, 
arcuated;  owing  to  the  shortness  of  the  first  ])osterior  cell,  the 
discal  cell  is  unusually^  near  the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  three  last 
longitudinal  veins  are  nearly  straight.  The  stigma  is  elongated, 
its  outline  rather  indefinite. 

Tlie  wings  of  the  sjiecies  described  below  have  a  ])eculiar 
uiilky-wliitish  tinge ;  they  are  distinctly'  iridijscent,  when  held 
obliquely  towards  the  light.  Besides,  they  show  another  ])e('uli- 
arity :  it  requires  a  magnifying  power  of  loO  to  discover  the 
microscopic  pubescence  on  their  surface;  so  magnified,  they 
appear  covered  with  black  dots,  emitting  very  short  hairs  (much 
less  power  is  rcipiired  to  show  the  pubescence  on  the  wings  of 
most  of  the  other  Tipiiliilat).  The  forceps  of  the  nmle  (Tab.  Ill, 
tig.  10)  has,  on  the  usual  basal  jiieces,  a  double  claw-shaped 
appi'iKlagc,  which,  as  well  as  I  could  perceive,  consists  of  a  horny 
and  of  a  soft  part,  closely  joined.  The  ovipositor  is  of  moderate 
k'ligtli,  somewhat  arcuated. 

The  peculiar  venation  and  the  milky  white  tinge  of  the  wings, 
the  shape  of  the  anal  angle,  etc.,  render  this  genus  easy  of  recog- 

'  In  ordpr  to  nspertain  this  peculiarity  of  tlie  venation  with  more  pre- 
cision. F  cmnjii-Hsscd  a  wine;  of  A.  sa.rirolii  between  two  glass  j)lates.  Tliis 
ftraiirliteii-  tlie  fold  usually  existing  in  tlie  fJinnoliin  lietwecai  the  costal 
ami  fust  ioiiuMtiidiiial  veins  and  shows  the  course  of  the  auxiliary  vein 
with  en-ater  distinctness;  in  this  case  this  vein  appeared  separated  from 
tliM  (list  lonL'ifnilinnI  by  a  narrow  interval  for  about  one-third  of  its  length 
only:  licvoiid  that  both  veins  ran  close  along  side  of  each  other,  till  botii 
uiiiii'il  with  till'  costa.  Under  such  circumstances  tli«re  was  evidently  no 
room  for  a  subcostal  crosa-veiu. 
lU 


n  'i-ii'i'  "I 

mm 


i>:i;^ 


*  ''-I 

1l 


,    ?  ,  ■   .  .    ,»  <jif-vP  1."'!  ''i 


X 


m 

■M.'-:. 


■  \    ■•.;:■■> 

f  ■■/!■•    •   1.    • 

i;.:.    ,-;^  •% 
, -l  ■/■■■  ' 

J,,  I 

IK;' 


■  .-v 


.ii: 


'\  ■ 


,  '-'til 


•  lit*    Wfte  ■' 


126 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTn  AMERICA. 


LPART  IV, 


nition.  The  manner  in  which  the  first  lonf^itudinal  vein  joins 
the  costa  roiuiuds  us  of  Toxorrliina  ;  otliervviso  the  genus  stands 
isolated,  and  no  immediate  relationship  can  be  pointed  out.  The 
absence  of  distinct  empodia  and  the  presence  of  small  teeth  on 
the  under  side  of  the  ungues  constitute  a  leaning  towards  the 
Linuiobina,  which  is  balanced,  however,  by  the  structure  of  the 
forceps,  etc. 

Antocha  was  introduced  by  me  in  the  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sri. 
PhUad.  1850,  p.  219.  Since  then,  the  ily  species  (A.  opalizann) 
has  been  found  to  occur  in  Europe  alr>u  (conip.  Schiner,  Fauna 
jUidriaca,  JJi/jIcra,  Vol.  II,  p.  559). 

The  name  of  the  genus  is  derived  from  its  principal  eliarnc;  ■■ 
the  proximity  of  the  auxiliary  and  the  first  longitudinal  Vfiiia 
(avtoxri,  close  approximation,  connection). 


■i'iiii! 


m-:- 


mkm  ■ 


Description  of  the  species. 

1.  A.  opalizans  0.  S.  %  and  9. — Ochracea  vel  cinerea,  thoracis 
vitti3  iufuscatis  ;  halteres  capitulo  fusco  ;  ahe  opalizantes,  basi  pallida. 

Ochraceous  or  graj,  stripes  of  the  thorax  infuscated  ;  knob  of  the  halteres 
brown  ;  wings  opalescent,  pale  at  the  basis.     Long.  corp.  0.22 — 0..32. 

Syn.   Autochn  opnlizmis  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  220, 
Aiitocha  suxicola  0.  Sacken,  1.  c. 

T  ariable  in  size  and  coloring.  Head  grayish-brown  ;  rostnini 
yellowish,  sometimes  infuscated  ;  palpi  and  antennai  brown  ;  \\w 
first  joint  of  the  latter  sometimes  yellowish.  Thorax  eitlici' 
ochraceous,  or  brownish-gray,  with  some  yellowish  spots  on  tliu 
humeri  and  pleura? ;  in  both  cases  with  darker,  more  or  less  di.- 
tinct  stripes ;  halteres  pale,  with  a  more  or  less  l)r()wn  knob ;  foet 
tawny,  more  or  less  dark,  according  to  the  general  coloring  of  tlio 
specimen  ;  coxa?  and  base  of  the  femora  generally  paler.  Abdu- 
nieu  brownish  or  grayish-brown  ;  the  genitals  often,  but  not 
always,  yellow.  Wings  (Tab.  I,  fig.  11)  with  a  whitish,  somewlmt 
milky  tinge,  opalescent;  the  veins  at  the  basis  of  the  wings  pale 
yellow  ;  the  other  veins  more  or  less  dark  brown  ;  stigma  colorless. 

Hah.  Europe  and  North  America.  I  possess  specimens  from 
Palton,  Ga.  ;  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.  ;  Mon- 
treal, Can.  ;  Lake  Winnipeg,  11.  B.  T.  (Kennicott) ;  Illinois  (Lo 
Baron).  The  specimens  from  the  north  are  generally  larger.  This 
species  has  l)een  noticed  in  Europe  only  since  it  was  discovered  and 
described  by  me  in  Xorth  America ;  it  occurs  near  running  water, 


Ic 

bI 

u 

^t§ 

-s. 

^M 

nil 

m 

,n. 

H 

U 

H 

lis 

mm 

11(1 

B 

ATARBA. 


li-'T 


and  I  observed  the  p;va.y  variety  (.1.  i^nxicola,  oliin)  in  lurjre 
miiiibers,  in  May,  185U,  on  mossy  stones  in  a  creek,  near  Wasli- 
iiifTtoii,  1)  C,  performing  a  singular,  sideways  walk  along  the 
water's  edge,  probably  for  the  purpose  of  oviposition  ;  soiiit'  of 
tlieni  were  in  copulation.  1  have  no  doubt  now  that  A.  m.riwl-i 
is  only  a  variety  of  A.  opalizana ;  I  have  received  larger  speci- 
niciis  of  it  from  the  north,  and  I  understand  that  tins  variety 
also  occurs  in  Europe. 

Gen.  XIII.   ATARBA. 

One  submarginal  cell ;  four  posterior  cells ;  a  discal  cell ;  nn  mm-iiinal 
rrnxs-ri.in  t  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  nearly  opposite  the  origin  of  the 
second  vein  ;  the  suhcostal  cross-vein  at  a  distance  from  this  tip  wiiiili  is 
a  little  shorter  than  the  great  cross-vein  (Tab.  I,  lip.  13).  Kostruni  siiort. 
Antenine  IG-jointed,  rallirr  liwrj.  Tibire  witliout  spnrs  at  tlie  tip  (')  ; 
enipodia  distinct;  nngues  smooth.  The  large  forceps  of  the  male  consists 
of  two  elongated  subcylindrical  basal  pieces,  each  bearing  a  double  horny, 
claw-shaped  appendage. 

Eyes  ghibrous  ;  front  rather  narrow ;  rostrum  but  little  pro- 
jecting; palpi  rather  long,  especially  the  last  joint.  Antenna? 
rather  long,  reaching  beyond  the  basis  of  the  abdomen,  when 
liciit  backwards;  first  joint  short,  not  much  longer  than  tin' 
second;  joints  of  the  flagellum  elongated,  cylindrical,  gradiiiilly 
decreasing  in  length ;  they  are  clothed  with  a  dense  pulx'sccnce  ; 
a  single,  somewhat  longer  hair  is  per('eptil)le  on  each  segment, 
above  the  pubescence;  the  antenna)  of  tlic  female  are  but  littli^ 
shorter  than  those  of  the  male.  Collaro  short — the  head  being 
ratlier  approxinmted  to  the  mesothorax.  Thoracic  suture  dis- 
tinct. Feet  of  moderate  length,  comparatively  stout,  finely 
])ul)escent ;  empodia  distinct.  The  forceps  of  the  male  is  largo 
niid  not  unlike  Tab.  IV,  fig.  29,  in  appearance,  only  more  hairy; 
the  basal  })ieces  leave  an  open  interval  between  them,  even  when 
the  torce})s  is  closed  ;  the  ends  of  the  claw-shaped  appendages 
iire  distinctly  bifid,  showing  that  they  consist  of  two  closely 
approximated  horny  pieces ;  there  is  a  short  stump  in  the  ])lace 
of  the  anal  styh;  of  the  Limnohina  (one  of  my  specimens  has  a 
long  curved  aculcus  projecting  on  the  under  side ;  in  the  other 
iiiiile  specimen  this  organ  is  apparently  concealed  internally).  As 
tlie  si)eeinien,  which  I  believe  to  be  a  fenmle,  has  its  abdomen 
broken  off,  I  cannot  describe  the  ovipositor.  ' 


a  ill 


\  i. 


■m 


i||!x 


liijjH. 


128 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


[PAIIT  IV, 


Wiiif^s  (Tal).   I,  lijf.  i:>,  wiiifi-s  of  .1.   jiirlnonnx)  of  /node 


rnlc 


lonji'lli  and  brcadlli  ;  anal  aiijilc  fioiiu'wlial  lu'tijccliiig' ;  wins  willi 
u  hardly  pcroeptiljli"  pubcscr-nt't'.  'I'lic  lip  of  tlic  anxiliarv  vein 
and  the  origin  of  ilu-  situikI  l(injj,'iludiiial  voin  arc  a  litllc  iH'yniid 
the  middle  of  the  length  of  the  wing;  no  traee  of  a  marginal 
eross-vein  ;  the  pra'furra  is  short  and  arcnated  (less  than  one- 
third  of  the  renniining  portion  o|'  the  second  vi'in);  third  longi- 
tudinal   vein    gently   arcuated;    the    first    posterior    cell   a   little 


nhorter  than    the   snl)inaru'inal 


its    sides    nearly    par 


iiiei 


the 


diseal  cell  is  in>t  iniuh  longer  than  l)road  ;  the  great  cross-vein 
is  in  a  line  witli  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell;  liflh  vein 
slightly  arcuated  ijeyond  the  great  ero.vs-vein  ;  the  sixth  and 
seventh  veins  ar*-  nearly  straight. 

I  do  not  pereeiv<'  any  spurs  on  the  tibiii?  in  tiie  three  sppeinioiis 
which  I  have  l)ef(tre  me  ;  hiit  most  of  their  feet  ar(»  I)roken  otf, 
and  I  believe  formerly  to  have  seen  spurs  on  (he  middle  pair 
of  feet,  wliich  is  lost  now.  Tiie  qnestioii  about  the  spurs  is 
therefore  left  doubtful. 

'I'hc  general  appearance  of  the  body  is  not  tiidiko  Limnohia, 
only  the  antennai  are  comparatively  longer.  The  genn.s  can  be 
easily  recognized  by  its  long  antenme  and  the  absence  of  a 
marginal  cross- vein. 

The  name  of  this  new  genus  is  derived  from  ara|)3^f,  fearless. 


f^i 


Description  of  the  Kppcies. 

1.  A,  picticomis,  n.  sp.    'J, .— Ferrngineo-flava  ;  antennarum  flagelli 
articulis  singulis  diinidio  apicali  infuscato. 

Redfi  ish-yellow ;  the  latter  lialf  of  tlie  single  joints  of  the  antennal  flagelluiu 
infuscated.     Long.  corp.  0.2 — 0.25. 

Ocliraceons  yellow,  with  a  more  or  less  reddish  tinge.  Head 
yellow,  front  and  vertex  with  a  grayish  reflection  ;  palpi  iidus- 
cated  at  the  tip  ;  antennae  yellow  ;  the  single  joints  of  the  flagel- 
lum  pal  brown  at  the  tip,  this  brown  gradually  gaining  ground 
in  the  subse(pient  joints  till  the  last  joints  are  almost  entirely 
brown.  Thorax  reddish-yellow,  shining  above;  pleurnc  with  a 
very  slight  hoary  reflection  ;  halteres  ferruginous-yellow ;  feet 
yellow,  tarsi  brownish  towards  the  tip.  Abdomen  yidlovv ; 
penultimate  segment  dark;  forceps  yellow,  the  horny  claw-shaped 
ai)pendages  black.  Wings  with  a  pale  yellowish  tinge  ;  veins 
yellow. 


TKTC1I0I,AHIS. 


1«29 


]!(}}).  Dclinvftre  (Dr.  "Wilson) ;  District  Columbia  (?).  I  am 
iiiit  ([iiitf  sun.'  of  the  latter  locality. 

i)lisiri-<i(ii>n.  J  liiivc  for  coniparisoii  two  niaU's  and  a  spociincn 
williiiul  al)(loiii("M,  which  is  probably  u  female,  as  its  autcimiu  are 
sdiiu'whut  .shorter. 


Gen.  XIV.   TEIXIIOLABIS. 

One  sulmiarginiil  cell ;  four  posterior  c«^lln  ;  a  discal  cell ;  first  lo}\gi- 
tiiiliiiiil  )<iH  Will  .lAoiV,  its  tip  being  but  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
UiiL'tii  of  the  wing,  nearly  opi)osite  or  not  much  beyond,  the  inner  end  of 
tlie  .siibuiarginal  cell  (Tab.  I,  fig.  12).  Wings  very  hyaline,  stipnia 
louiiiltd.  Antenna!  l(!-jointed.  Rostrum  cylindrical,  distinctly  pro- 
Idiiut'il,  although  shorter  tlian  the  liead.  Culliire  proloiii/eil  in  a  uarnnr, 
liiH'iir  link.  Feet  rather  stout,  liairy  ;  tibine  without  spurs  at  the  tip; 
eni|ioilia  distinct,  liut  small.  (Jenitals  of  the  male  hairy  on  the  outside; 
forceps  with  large,  horny  appendages  and  an  anal  style  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  9). 

Eyes  frlabrous,  more  or  less  remote  above,  almost  contiguous 
below.  Palpi  short,  inserted  at  the  tip  of  the  short,  cylindrical 
rostrum  ;  last  joint  very  short.  The  elongated,  nock-like  collaro, 
although  shorter  than  the  head,  is  a  very  striking  feature  of  this 
genus.  Antenna)  of  moderate  length  ;  if  bent  backwards,  they 
would  not  quite  reach  the  basis  of  the  wings ;  scapus  of  the 
usual  structure ;  flagellum  with  oblong  or  rounded,  well-separated 
joints,  clothed  with  a  short  pubescence  and  with  verticils,  which 
are  a  little  longer  than  the  pubescence. 

Feet  of  moderate  length,  comparatively  short  and  rather  stout, 
clothed  with  a  rather  long  and  dense  pu)>escence  ;  ungues  appa- 
rently smooth ;  empodia  small,  but  very  distinct. 

The  forceps  of  the  male  consists  of  two  oblong  lobes,  some  vhat 
like  tho.'ie  of  Dicranomyia :  large  horny  appendages  on  their 
underside;  anal  style  distinct  (Tab.  Ill,  fig.  9,  represents  the 
forceps  of  T.  complca-a  from  above ;  fig.  9  a,  one-half  of  it,  from 
ht'low) ;  in  dried  specimens  none  of  these  organs  arc  perceptible. 
The  tip  of  the  abdomen  is  hardly  incrassated,  but  always  hairy. 
The  valves  of  the  ovipositor  are  of  moderate  length,  slender, 
arcuated. 

The  wings  (Tab.  I,  fig.  12,  wing  of  T.  comple.xa)  arc  coniv 
paratively  short,  often  broad  ;  they  arc  very  transparent  and  the 
microscopic  pubescence,  common  to  all  the  wings  of  Diptera, 
seems  to  be  more  coarse  and  scattered  here,  as  a  moderate  mag- 

9      August,  1868. 


•if'  -m 


ir. 


%i' 


'0,. 


■'  ■■■'  'l'"J6';  ■ti.'fl 


i-jIpvH: 


1/^^:t, 


i,  .'■ 


ISO 


DIPTERA  OF  NOHTII  AMEUICA. 


[PAllT  IV, 


iiifyiiij:^  power  sliows  it  distinctly.  'Yhv.  ytifjina  is  ^hort  ami 
iMnndril.  Tiie  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  al)uut  the  middle  of 
tlie  Icnj^th  of  the  wing;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  at  a  inoderati! 
distance  before  this  tip  ;  the  tip  of  tln^  lirst  longitudinal  vein  is 
at  a  comparatively  short  distance  beyond  the  tii)  of  the  auxiliary 
vein,  almost  opjxisite  the  tij)  of  tiie  sixth  longitudinal  vein,  and 
but  little  beyond  the  inner  end  of  the  submarginal  cell.  Tlio 
second  longitudinal  vein  originates  before  the  middle  of  tin; 
length  of  the  wing;  the  pricfurca  is  gently  arcuated,  and  (in 
both  species  which  I  have  before  me)  of  nearly  the  same  length 
with  the  renuiining  portion  of  the  second  vein,  or  a  little  shorter. 
The  marginal  cross-vein,  placed  very  near  the  end  of  the  lirst 
longitudinal  vein,  divides  the  marginal  cell  in  two  nearly  e(|uul 
halves ;  this  cross-vein  is  almost  in  a  line  with  the  iniu-r  end  of 
the  submarginal  cell  and  with  the  small  cross-vein;  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  arcuated  ;  the  discal  cell  somewhat  elongated, 
its  inner  end  narrowed ;  the  great  cross-vein  is  nearly  oi)posit(' 
the  small  one  ;  the  lifth  longitudinal  vein  is  straight ;  the  sixth 
nearly  so  ;  the  seventh  gently  arcuated. 

The  two  species  which  I  have  before  me  (a  North  Amorican 
and  a  ^Mexican  one)  have  nearly  the  same  venation  ;  only  in  tlio 
North  American  species  the  discal  cell  projects  on  the  inside 
of  the  cross-veins,  whereas  in  the  Mexican  one  the  marginuj 

« 

cross-vein  and  the  inner  ends  of  the  submarginal,  first  posterior, 
discal,  and  fourth  posterior  cells  are  all  in  one  line.  The  venation 
of  T.  simplex  Wied.,  as  figured  by  that  author  (Aiiss.  Zw.  T,  Tal). 
yi,  1),  fig,  8)  is  nearly  the  same,  only  the  marginal  cross-vein  is 
a  little  beyond  the  inner  end  of  the  subnmrginal  cell,  and  not  in 
a  line  with  it.  The  wing  of  lihamphidia  scapularis  Macfj. 
{Dipt.  Exol.  I,  1,  Tab.  X,  fig,  1),  which  is  undoubtedly  a  Tcucluh 
labis,  has  the  same  venation  ;  even  the  peculiar  curve  or  car, 
formed  by  the  first  longitudinal  vein  before  joining  the  costa,  and 
which  is  likewise  perceptible  in  the  two  species  before  nie,  is 
correctly  represented  by  Macquart, 

The  peculiarity  of  the  venation  of  Teucholabis  consists  in  tlio 
shortness  of  the  auxiliary  and  the  first  longitudinal  veins;  the  tip 
of  the  latter,  for  instance,  is  not  much  beyond  the  inner  end  of 
the  submarginal  cell ;  whereas,  in  the  other  Tij)uUdae,  it  is  usuiilly 
more  or  less  far  beyond  this  end.  The  marginal  cross- vein,  beinjr 
near  the  tip  of  the  first  vein,  is  thus  naturally  brought  in  one  line 


TK.rciIUl.AlUS. 


131 


witli  lilt"  iiiiitT  oikI  of  the  siihiiiiirjyiiml  cell.  Tlu^  coiiipanUivt* 
l(iij:tli  1)1'  tlif  ct'll.s  ill  tlio  uj)iciil  liull"  of  thu  wiii^?  iiiwl  tin?  corre- 
h|iniiilinjr  .sliortnt'SH  (if  tlio  two  hasnl  cells,  aro  uinoiij^  tlu;  strikiii}^ 

clllll'llfll'I'S    of    tills    jrCIlllS.       'I'llO    StolltlH'SH    of    llio    vciiis    tiinl    tlio 

c'lt'iiriii'ss  of  tlio  iiiciiilii'iiiiu  of  the  wiii}^  aro  iikowisc  cluinu'ti'i'istic. 

'J'ciic/inldhis  sooiiis  to  be  jicciiliar  to  tlio  Aiiicriniii  coiiliiu'iit, 
at  li'iist  no  si»ot'i('.s  iK'loiijfiiijjf  to  it  has  us  yet  boon  discovoroil  in 
Kiii'iipo.  IJosidos  tlio  North  American  species  dosoribeil  by  nie, 
the  lullowiiiuf  species,  hy  former  aiitli(»rs,  beloiij:^  here  : — 

Lininohia  .^tiuijih:!'  Wied.  Aiixs.  Zu\  J,  \>.  b\\),  from  llnizil.  I 
jiavc  seen  the  original  speeinieii  in  Mr.  Loow's  collect iitn. 

Liiiiiiuhia  /{an'l/iorax  Wied.,  from  l>razil,  accordiii}?  to  Dr. 
k><ciiiiier,  who  also  descrilies  a  new  species — T.  t<piiii<jcra  (lici.-ir, 
ote.  ilrr  Xorara,  J>iph'ni,  j).  44). 

I,'li(iniji/ii(li(i  )<cajiiil(iriti  yi[\v(\.  Dipt.  EjcoI.  I,  1,  Tab.  X,  lig.  1  ; 
likewise  I'roiii  IJrazil,  is,  to  all  appearances,  a  'J'cKclioluhis. 

I  liav(!  seen  several  spccimons  from  Mexico  in  Mr.  Jiellardi's 
CDJIcrtioii.  Ill  ilrawiiig  the  generic  character  I  had,  besides  2\ 
viiiii/ilcra,  a  male  specimen  from  Mexico  before  me,  which  1  owe 
to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  IJcllardi.  Its  wings  uro  somewhat  nar- 
rower than  those  of  T.  comjdc.ia. 

This  genus,  lirst  established  by  mo  in  ISoO  {Pmc  AvniJ.  Nat. 
Sri.  riiiliiil.  p.  '2'2'.>),  for  the  North  American  7'.  conijilc.ru,  and 
now  ((iirolMirated  by  the  comparison  of  scivoral  other  species,  is 
very  easily  disliiignisiial)lc  I)y  its  neck-like  col.  .'c,  its  broad,  clear 
wings,  and  the  peculiarities  of  its  venation.  No  iiiwiiodiato  rela- 
tionship can  1)0  pointed  out. 

The  naiiic  is  derived  from  rfi;t»>  weapons,  and  xa^ij,  forceps, 
ill  iilhision  to  the  horny  processes  of  the  male  forceps. 

OI).t(-n-afio)K  ]Jesides  the  South  American  and  Mexican  species 
mentioned  aliove,  as  belonging  to  I'cuvlwlubix,  I  have  seen  in  Mr. 
l)t'lliir(li's  Mexican  collection  two  forms,  closely  related  to  this 
genus,  l)iit  which  may  perhaps  bo  separated  from  it.  One  of  them 
is  (lisiiiigiiisliid  by  the  presence  of  a  supernumerary  cross-vein 
iit  tlie  extremity  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  dividing  the 
iiKirginnl  ceil  in  two  parts,  and  by  the  shortness  of  the  tirst 
]iosl('ri(ir  cell,  in  consequonco  of  the  snbiiiarginal  cell  being  in 
iinmitliMte  contact  with  the  discal  cell.  The  l(!-jointed  antemnv, 
till'  (ievelopnieiit  of  the  collare,  the  stoutness  and  ])ubeseenee  of 
tile  leet,  the  shortness  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein   and  of  the 


■■-/IP 

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yj'l  ;,;•,;.  ;j:5j) 


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1- '.11         . '  ,  ■ 


I'l'J  T»ri'Ti:i!.\  tiK  NdltTlI   AMKrnCA.  [I'AHT  tV. 

uuxiliiiry  vein,  llir  course  of  tlit-  sccniid  Idiifritudiual  vi'iii,  llu' 
Iiosilioii  of  tli(!  iimrjiiiiiil  ci'dss-vtin,  llic  liairy  uiipcaraiic*'  nt' 
the  male  lurci-ps,  and  liiiully  llif  jfciii'nil  a)i|)caniii(-c  and  cnlonv- 
tittii  (il  tho  body,  riMidor  ovideiit  its  close  rolutiuusliip  to  Tcuchd- 

I  (ill  IK.' 

'I'lu;  other  fonn  is  at  once  ooiispieuouH  by  its  rostrum,  Avliicli  is 
nmcb  more  olonj^atcd  than  is  thi;  cuso  in  'I'luchohihin,  and  gives 
it  lilt'  apiicarancc  of  a  Jl/iomii/iidia.  Tliis  rcsoiuiilanco,  however, 
is  entirely  supcrlieial ;  the  venation  of  the  wings,  as  well  us  the 
.strneture  of  the  body,  very  plainly  shows  that  these  inserts  are 
most  closely  allietl  to  'J\'iicli(ilaln\i.  The  JVtcniijihidia  vhalijbvi- 
vnilrix  lioew  {W'icn.  Entouiol.  Jlfimolfichr.  ISOI,  p.  3;}),  from 
Cnita.  is  not  a  lihumphidia,  but  belongs  to  this  form  of  Ttucho- 
Inbitt. 

Descn'jition  of  the  s/iecles. 

I.   T.  complcxa  O.  S,     '^  and  9.— Ol'scnre  ochracea,  thoracis  vittis 
tril>u8  bruiiiieis  ;  ulis  hyuliniB,  »tigiuate  subrotundo,  fiitiuo. 

Browiiish-ot'liraceoua,  thorax  with  tliive  lnowii  stripes ;   wings  liyali 
stiiiuia  lounded,  brown.     Long.  corp.  0.'li> — 0.27. 

SvN.    Ti'itcholuhis  comiilcrn  0.  Sackkx,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  I'liil.  IS.*)?),  p.  223. 

Head  dark  brown,  with  a  honry  bloom  on  the  front;  antenna; 
and  palpi  black  ;  the  former  with  oblong  joints  on  the  (lagelluin. 

'  This  volume  was  already  in  press,  when,  through  the  kindness  of  Dr. 
Fidiiner,  I  loceived  his  work  on  tlie  Dipteia  of  the  Voyage  of  tlie  "  Novara"' 
(AV/xc  (I.  Oestcrr.  Frei/ntte  A'<'C((r«,  ftc.  Zoolai/isclier  T/teil ;  Dijttcrn;  Wieii, 
18liS) ;  it  contains  a  detailed  description,  with  figures,  of  the  new  genus 
/'iirii/roiii'aii,  tlie  generic  uljaraoters  of  whicli  liad  l)een  publisljed  some  time 
eiiilier  (IVrc.  Zool,  But.  (ies.  in  Wivn,  18G(!).  Paratropcsa  (type:  P. 
siii'jnlni-is  Schin.,  from  Colombia,  South  America)  is  evidently  the  aliove- 
nii'utioned  form  of  Tcurhohihis,  of  which  I  have  liad  a  glimpse,  in  18(!r),  in 
Mr.  Ht'lliudi's  collection.  The  comparison  of  what  I  say  alwut  it,  as  I  find 
it  among  my  notes,  with  Dr.  Schiner's  description  sliows,  that  we  agree 
in  the  interpretation  of  the  veins  forming  tlie  aubmarginal  and  first  pos- 
terior cells  ;  but  that  we  disagree  in  the  interpretation  of  the  anterior 
branch  of  the  second  vein,  which  I  considered  as  a  supernumerary  cross- 
vein.  Such  an  interpretation  permits  me  to  retain  the  genus  among  those 
with  a  single  snbmarginal  cell,  as  its  relationship  to  Teurhohihis  seems 
otherwise  evident  to  me.  Paratropesa  is  undoubtedly  a  good  genus,  and 
I  am  glad  to  have  had  the  opportunity  to  identify  it  l)efore  the  issue  of  the 
present  volume.  Dr.  Schiner's  description  of  Paratropcsa  will  be  found 
iu  the  Appendix  II,  at  the  end  of  this  volume. 


TllAIMASTuI'TKItA. 


l:J3 


Tlinnix  liniwiiisli-oclinu'cous,  witli  ihrcc  hrowii  stripes;  llic  iiitfi-- 
iiiciliiili'  'iiii'  hcji'iiis  lit  tln'  (•(illarc ;  t|n'  liittTiil  ones  iire  alilnTvinleil 
liit'dic  iiiid  exteiided  l)ey(tii(l  tlie  suture  l)eliiiHl  ;  seiitelliim  yellitw, 
iiictiitli'iiix  iimre  ur  less  l»ro\vii  in  the  middle,  yellow  (»ri  tin.'  sides; 
iilciine  yellow,  with  a  iiiofe  or  less  distinct  l)roNvn  stripe,  niiiiiin^; 
t'l'niii  the  eollnre  to  the  Imse  of  the  haltei'es  ;  the  latter  pale. 
JMil  pale  yellowish  ;  tips  of  the  femora  and  of  the  til)iit'  brown  ; 
last  joints  of  tiie  tarsi  iirown.  Alxloinen  l»rown,  posterior  inarLnns 
of  the  seirnieiits  u  little  paler;  male  forceps  tawny,  ^^*in^xs  ('\\i\). 
I,  lijf.  I'J)  hyaline,  veins  hrown,  costal  and  snljcostal  tawny; 
iiiiterior  niarjiin  distinctly  hairy ;  stignui  hrowii,  rounded,  near  tht; 
tip  of  the  first  lon;?itudinal  vein.  (For  the  further  description 
of  the  venation  conii)are  the  fi^enerio  characters.) 

Ildl)  \Vashington,  l).  C;  Trenton  Kails,  N.  Y.,  in  June; 
Illinois  (.Mr.  Kennieott).  A  specimen  from  CJeorgia,  in  tho 
IJerlih  .Museum,  seems  to  behtiig  here. 

One  of  my  specimens,  a  nuile,  shows  a  slij^'ht  diirercnce  in  the 
venation;  tho  latter  portion  of  the  second  longitmlinal  vein  is 
more  straiuht,  and  tho  cross-vein,  closinj;  tho  diseal  cell,  is  a 
little  nearer  to  tho  npe.x  of  the  wing,  which  changes  tho  shape 
of  the  diseal  cell.  Tiio  origimvl  description  of  this  species  was 
drawn  from  four  specimens ;  I  have  only  two  left  at  presjont. 


•'s(   i 


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I 


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,\U{ 


■1.*; 


m 


tl:  •-■'I 


•m 


%' 


\-t  n, 


''■-■ 


Gen.  XV.    Tll.il'm  iSTOPTeR.4.> 

Not  having  seen  this  European  genus,  I  translate  tho  following 
description  by  Mr.  Mik,  from  the  IV/7j..  Zoo/.  Jial.  Gcsclltich.  in 
]Vfi),  iStiC),  p.  802.  Tho  appended  woodcut  is  copied  from  a 
fvpvv  in  the  same  vohune : — 

Iliad  rounded,  transverse,  somewhat  flattened  ;  occiput  rather 
sti'onu'ly  developed  ;  rostrum  moderately  prolonged  ;  i)alpi  four- 
joiiitid,  the  two  last  joints  of  eipud  length,  more  slender  than 
the  two  lirst ;  front  broad  in  l)oth  sexes  ;  antenna;  rather  short, 
ll'i-jiiiiited  ;  lirst  joint  cylindrical,  oi  the  length  of  the  rostrum, 
the  second  cyathiform,  transverse,  tho  following  joints  oldong, 
sessile,  somewhat  verticillate,  gradually  diminishing  in  size ;  tho 
last  joints  indistinct.  Eyes  round,  glabrous.  Thorax  convex, 
gililidse,  projecting  over  the  narrow  collar*.';  transverse!  snturo 
distinct;  scutelluni  mirrow ;  metathorax  well  developed.     Abdo- 

'  duvfjiarrk,  woiiderfal ;  wTipo'»,  wing. 


I 


>,  ■ 


-^. ' 


m 

il 


134 


DTPTKUA  OF  NOHTir  AMKUICA. 


[part  IV. 


WkV: 


Hi; 


im  ■ 


moil  with  seven  st'giiK'iits,  sliort ;  the  forceps  with  stout,  ol)tiist> 
appeiKhiji'es  ;  ovii)o.sitoi  loiijjf,  with  a  gently  iireiiated  tip.  l'\t.t 
loiijT  and  slender;  tiie  tibite  without  spnrs ;  enipodia  indistinct; 
nn,L'"nes  smooth.  Win<;s  eonipiiratively  long  ;  lonfiitu<lina!  veins 
pnli(  scent,  the  inaigin  Iringed  with  hairs;  the  an.xiiiary  vein  ends 
in  the  costa  about  the  middle  of  the  length  of  the  wing;  S'-eond 
longitudinal  vein  not  forked,  connected  l)y  a  cross-vein  with  ihc 
first  longitudinal  vein;   third  longitudinal  vein  not  forked  ;  tlio 

fourth    longitudinal     vein    is 
''^*    '  forked  a  short  distance  fmni 

the  small  cross-vein;  its  prin- 
cipal branch  runs  straight 
to  the  nnirgin  ;  the  anterinr 
branch  is  forked  ;  the  braiiclus 
of  this  fork  are  long<'r  than 
the  petiole;  fifth  and  sixtli  veins  straight;  the  seventh  is  some- 
what sinuated ;  no  discal  cell ;  the  sultcostal  cross-vein  is  very 
near  the  origin  of  the  i>ra'fnrca ;  the  great  cross-vein  is  in  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  (juito  far  from  the  branching  of  tin;  fourth 
vein  ;  hence,  the  second  ba?al  sell  is  almost  half  as  long  as  the 
first  ;  the  anal  angle  of  the  wis  g  rounded,  but  little  projecting. 

Tyiie  of  the  genus  T.  cnUrala  Mik,  found  near  (Jortz,  in 
Illyria.  The  author  describes  it  as  a  very  delicate,  i)ale  yellow 
species,  al)out  0.2  lin.  long,  with  dark  brown  tijis  of  the  fenn)ni 
and  of  the  til)i;e,  looking  like  Fji-iojitfra  inihuta  Meig.  It  is  on 
the  author's  authority  that  1  Icmvc  this  genus  among  the  Liiiino- 
binu  anoinula,  to  which  he  ruluiti  it. 


i:l.;-'f 


H  '  v^r 


■:;*v :} 


m: 


ERIOPTERINA. 


135 


Section  III.  ERIOPTEHINA. 


Two  siiliiii'irfiiiuil  filln;  four  (very  seldom  live)  jiosttTior  celln  ;  discai  cell 
soiiictiiiu'S  olost'd,  l)ut  very  oftei;  djien.  N<)rni;il  nuiiilter  of  the  Jititeiinal 
joints  sixtt'cn.  Kyes  ylalnoiis.  Tihiiv  iril/ioitt  sjiins  at  the  Uji ;  eiupodia 
distirct ;  uiigtioH  biiiouth  on  the  under  .side. 

Tlic  Erl(>i<lcri)}a  liol*!  an  intcrnuHliato  position  hotwocii  tlio 
LiiiiiiohiiKi  and  the  LiminiiihiliiKi.  \a\\v  \\w  lattiT,  tlicy  liavt'  two 
!-iil)inarii'inal  vv\\>  and  ir)Joint('(l  antt'nniu  and  distinct  cnipddia ; 
l)Ut,  lil<('  tlic  tni'incr,  tiwy  liavc  no  sjturs  at  1  lie  tip  of  i lie  tihise.  Simi- 
lar lo  all  the  s)»Mr!ess  Tijuilidn,  thcylnive  only  four  posterior  cells; 
Claihira  is  the  only  exception,  the  only  tipidideous  insect  to  me 
kiKiwii  which  has  no  spurs  at  the  tip  of  the  til)ia'  and  nevertheless 
five  posterior  cells.  IJesides  the  characters  enumerated  at  the  head 
of  tins  i)ara^'raph,  the  typical  Ei'ioi>tcviiia  (the  <:enera  Ji'liif/iho- 
lojiliin^,  /•Jrioplcrd,  and  Triinicrn)  have  some  strikinj?  peeuli.    ities 


of  the  venation   in  common.      The  subcostal  cr 


oss-vein  is  placed 


at  a  very  considerable  distance   before   the  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
vein;  the  second  lonti'itudinal  vein  originates  nearer  than  usual 


SIS,  a 


to  the  root  of  the  \viii<j,  and  the  jtraM'urca  forms,  at  its  ba 
very  acute  angle  with  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein  (compare  Tali. 
I,  fig.  14-1>(),  and  Tab.  II,  llg  1).  In  the  other  genera,  these 
typical  characters  gradually  disajipcar.  Already  in  Si/iitjiln/d, 
ly  related  as  it  is  to  the  three  f'ornier  genera,  the  priefiirca  is 


CIO: 


fi'ciilly  an-uatcd  at  its  basis.  (iiKi/i/mnn/id  loses  another  important 
cliiii'iicter ;  its  subcostal  cross-vein  is  only  at  a  niod<'rate  distance 
fmiii  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein. 


ftiDiiomi/io,  owing 


to   th 


linsi'iice  of  a  second  sulimarginal  cell,  and   the  nb.sence  of  spurs 
at  the  tip  of  the  tiliiic,  has  to  be  placed  among  the  Ki'iopti'ri 


nn 


hut  its  immediate  relationship  has,  for  a  long  time,  seemed 
(loiii)tl'iil  to  me.  I  believe  now  that  J'.^ilocoiwpa,  the  Knropean 
representative   of    Gnuphomijia,   forms    the    transition   betvveeu 


•T-'E.jiir'li';/  .. 


I        t 


IH 


S-' 


130 


Dn'TEKA  OF  NOUTH  AMKIUCA. 


[I'AllT  IV, 


■.^■^■jii 


m.i-' 


Goniomyia  and  tlic  tyi)it'al  Kriupterina.  Tliat  Cri/jftol(iI)i)< 
Iti'loiitrs  Ihm'o  will  hardly  be  (jiicstioiicd.  Chulura,  with  its  live 
posterior  (•oils,  looks  exactly  like  the  Limnopfnlhui ;  its  ro 
sciiiiilaiicc  would  be  coiiiplete  if  it  had  spufs  at  the  tip  (jf  the 
tibiiu. 

('hionca  has  been  hitherto  placed  at  the  end  of  the  I'ijndidr, 
as  ail  auoiiialotis  fj;roup,  without  any  distinct  relationship.  Tlio 
strict  apitlicatioii  of  the  characters  upon  which  the  classification 
adopted  by  nie  is  based,  points  out  its  place  very  clearly. 
Chiourn  has  no  spurs  at  the  tip  of  the  tibitc,  which  would  locate 
it  either  aiiionc^  the  Erioptri'ina  or  among  the  Limnobina.  Its 
distinct  enipotlia  and  smooth  ungues  determine  its  location 
among  the  former.  If  we  compare  Chionca  with  the  Euro|)eau 
Trhnicra  jiilipes  we  cannot  but  bo  struck  by  the  analogies 
between  them  ;  the  same  incrassated  male  forceps ;  the  same 
stout,  hairy  feet;  and  even  the  anomalous  structure  of  the  an- 
tennte  of  Chionea  is  foreshadowed  iii  Trimicra  in  the  abrupt 
reduction  of  the  size  of  the  three  last  antennal  joints.  Chionca 
lias  therefore  to  be  placed  next  to  Trimicra,  and  is  closely 
allied  to  J'Jrioptera. 

The  review  of  the  genera  of  Eriopterina  just  given  shows  that, 
upon  the  whole,  this  section  is  less  homogeneous  than  any  other 
(except  the  Lininohina  anomala).  The  link  connecting  some 
of  the  geni'i'a,  like  CUidura,  for  instance,  witli  the  typical  forms, 
is  apparently  artificial ;  a  Limnophila  with  the  spurs  of  the  tibiie 
so  short  as  to  appear  obsolete,  would,  to  all  appearances,  approach 
Cladiira.  The  same  remark  may  be  applied  to  the  Limnophilse 
with  f'Uir  posterior  cells,  and  G)wphomijia ;  the  former  may 
have  obsolete  spurs  ;  they  would  then  be  hardly  distinguishable 
from  the  Erioi>teri;,a.  Is  the  distinction  between  those  genera, 
based  upon  the  presence  or  absence  of  spurs  on  the  tibia?,  the 
expression  of  a  real  fact  in  nature  or  only  an  artificial  sub- 
division ?  I  believe  this  distinction  to  be  a  real  one,  although 
I  confess  that  it  would  be  very  desirable  to  discover  some  more 
characters  to  support  it.  The  male  forceps  of  both  Gnophomtjia 
and  Cladura  is  very  different  from  that  of  most  Limnophilina  ; 
still,  it  would  be  necessary  to  show  that  it  is  more  cognate  to 
the  forceps  of  the  Eriopterina.  Here,  as  in  many  other  cases, 
the  discovery  of  new  forms  may  help  to  solve  these  difficulties. 


■r  ■ 


ERIOPTEUINA, 


137 


Besides  the  cliaractors  of  tlie  Erioplerina  wliiV-h  have  ah'cady 
l)('('ii  oiiumoratcd,  there  is  one  which  deserves  to  he  ineiitioned 
here.  In  this  group  of  TipuUdx  the  anterior  l)raiH'h  of  tlie 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  quite  frequently  forked,  while  the 
jiofttrrior  branch  is  sinq)!e,  and  thus,  when  the  discal  cell  is  open, 
it  coalesces  with  the  third  and  not  with  the  second  posterior  cell. 
AVc  find  this  structure  in  two  North  American  Erioptcra'  (/v. 
caloplcra  Say,  and  pnrva  O.  S.),  three  North  American  and 
several  European  lihi/pholopJiiis ;  in  all  the  Ooniomijia',  wiiich 
have  no  discal  cell,  and  in  the  European  Pxiloconopa  lalrralifi 
Mac(j.  (flavolimbata  Hal.).  Among  the  other  Tipulida:  this 
structure  is  rare  (compare  the  Introduction,  page  33). 

I  am  not  aware  that  any  genus  of  Eriopferina,  foreign  to 
Euroj)e  and  North  America,  has  been  published,  unless  Lachnotrra 
IMiilippi  (  Fcr/t.  Zool.  Bat.  Ges.  in  Wien,  18(15,  p.  filf),  Tal).  XXIII, 
fig. .")),  from  Chile,  belongs  here.  The  venation  of  this  genus  is  not 
uidike  that  of  Goniomyin ;  it  also  reminds  of  a  Limnophila  with 
four  posterior  cells.  The  statements  of  the  author  are  not.  com- 
plete enough  to  admit  of  any  certain  conclusion.  The  translation 
of  the  description  is  given  in  the  Appendi.v. 

The  following  new  genus,  from  Mexico,  is  in  Mr.  JJellardi's 
collection,  in  Turin  : — 

Sigmatomera,  nov.  gen.  (from  aiyfia,  the  letter  s,  and  jui'poj, 
part). 

Two  sabmarginal  cells,  four  posterior  cells,  and  a  discal  cell ;  the  tip 
of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  not  much  beyond  the  basis  of  the  second  sub- 
marginal  cell ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  at  a  luoiierate  distance  from 
tliis  tip;  tibia)  without  apparent  spurs;  empodia  small;  antenna;  (%) 
16-joiiited,  more  than  once  and  a  half  the  length  of  tJie  liea.  and  the 
tlioias  taken  together;  joints  suhreniform,  nodose;  e3-es  {%  )  very  larj;e, 
ciinvfx,  almost  contiguous  on  the  upper  as  well  as  on  the  under  side 
of  the  head. 

The  very  large,  convex,  apparently  bare  eyes,  come  almost  in 
contact  on  the  front ;  they  are  separated  l)y  a  small  triangle  above 
tlie  antenna;,  and  by  a  very  narrow,  linear  space  above  this 
triangle.  The  rostrum  is  rather  short,  and  shows  the  geiicrnl 
structure  of  tlie  Limnophilina — two  stout  lips  being  visible 
helow  the  oblong  epistoma.  The  i)aipi  are  of  moderate  length, 
and  the  last  joint  is  more  prolonged  than  is  generally  the  case 
among  the  Limnophilina.      The   antennu?  remind  of  those  of 


(        A?  *t 


,    5 


li   * 


'\    ^' 


m  • 


138 


JUPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


[part  IV. 


^*-,. 


If;-. 


HI' 


Nephrotoma.  The  first  joint  is  very  sliort,  the  second  ahiiost 
rudimental ;  tlie  third  joint  (first  joint  of  tlic  fliigelluni)  is  more 
than  four  times  the  length  of  the  first  and  second  talvcn  togetin'r; 
it  is  subcylindrieal,  with  a  rounded  projection  on  the  under  sido 
near  tlie  tip;  the  fourth  joint  has  about  four-fiftlis  of  the  len<;tli 
of  the  tliird;  it  has  almost  the  shape  of  a  recumbent  S;  it  is 
attenuated  at  the  basis  and  in  the  middle,  whereas  the  inlcr- 
niediate  parts  are  incrassated,  as  also  the  tip  of  the  joint  wliich 
projects  distinctly  on  the  under  side;  the  following  joints  (from 
the  fifth  to  the  fifteenth)  have  exactly  the  same  shape  as  tlio 
fourth,  oidy  they  very  gradually  decrease  in  length  and  this 
peculiar  shape  becomes  less  and  less  distinct;  the  sixteenth  anil 
last  joint  is  subcylindrical  and  almost  rudimental.  The  joints  of 
the  flagellum  arc  densely  clothed  with  a  delicate  down  ;  each  of 
them  bears  two  longer  hairs  on  the  upper  side  near  the  basis,  aiid 
two  similar,  only  shorter  hairs,  on  the  projecting  sinuosities  of  tlie 
under  side. 

The  collare  is  narrow  and  but  little  developed.  The  thorax 
has  on  the  upper  side,  between  the  transverse  suture  and  the 
scutcllum,  a  pair  of  peculiar  pits  or  impressions,  originatiiiti'  ou 
each  side  near  the  root  of  the  wing  and  running  towards  tho 
middle  (I  do  not  know  whether  they  were  not  accidental  in  the 
described  specimen).  I  cannot  say  anything  positive  about  tiie 
male  genitals,  except  that  they  do  not  give  to  the  tip  of  the  abdo- 
men a  club-shaped  appearance.  The  feet  (the  specimen  had  only 
a  single  anterior  foot  left)  are  very  long  ;  their  pubescence  is  sliort 
and  not  at  all  striking.  No  spurs  are  perceptible  at  the  tip  of  the 
tibia;.  The  last  joint  of  the  tarsi  of  the  male  has  no  excision  on 
the  under  side. 

The  wings  are  rather  long  and  moderatelj  broad.  The  marginal 
cross-vein  is  very  little  before  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein. 
The  stigma  is  inclosed  between  the  subcostal  and  marginal  cross- 
veins.  The  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is  rather  before 
the  middle  of  the  anterior  margin  ;  the  pra-furca  forms  a  straight 
line  with  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  first  submarginal  cell  shorter 
than  the  second  ;  the  latter  very  square  at  its  basis,  nearly  of  the 
same  length  with  the  first  posterior;  the  discal  cell  somewhat 
elongated. 

The  coloring  of  the  oidy  species  T  have  seen  is  yellow  (it  will 
be  published  shortly  in  ^[r.  Bellardi's  work  on  Mexican  Diptera). 


RIIVPIIOLOPIIUS. 


en.  XVI.  RIIYPIIOLOPIIIS. 


131) 


Two  submarginal  cells  ;  four  posterior  cells ;  discal  cell  present  or 
absent.  Wings  puhesccn!  on  the  whole  surfacn  (Tab.  I,  fig.  14,  wing  of  A'. 
nuhilns;  fig.  15,  A',  rubilliis).  The  second  longitudinal  vein  originates  at 
a  more  or  less  acute  angle,  before  the  middle  of  the  anterior  margin  ;  the 
subcostal  cross-vein  is  a  considerable  distance  (two  or  three  lengths  of  the 
great  cross-vein)  anterior  to  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein.  Antennre  16- 
jointed.  Tibioe  without  spurs  at  the  tip ;  ungues  smooth  on  the  under 
side ;  empodia  distinct. 

This  gomis  is  closely  allied  to  Eriopfcra  and  distinguished  from 
it  hy  the  wings,  which  arc  densely  pubescent  on  the  whole  surfocc. 
As  in  EriopU'va,  the  intermediate  pair  of  feet  is  usually  the 
shortest  hero  ;  however  this  character  is  less  striking  in  It.  vubi- 
lu!t.  The  antennic  of  some  species  are  longer  than  usual  in  the 
male  sex  and  the  joints  of  the  flagolluni  are  elongated,  strongly 
pcdicclled,  and  pubescent  (the  genus  Ormo.sm  Rondani  is  founded 
upon  this  character).  The  structure  of  the  forceps  of  the  male 
varies  in  different  species,  and  the  study  of  these  variations  would 
probably  afford  an  insight  into  the  true  affinities  between  the 
species.  I  have  not  had  the  necessary  opportunities  for  the  study 
of  these  parts  on  living  specimens.  The  priiicipal  modification 
in  the  venation  of  the  wings  in  this  genus  consists  in  the  presence 
or  absence  of  a  discal  cell ;  when  it  is  absent,  we  generally  find 
that  the  anterior  branch  of  the  fourth  vein  is  forked  (as  in  Tab. 
I,  fig.  15)  ;  this  constitutes  the  genus  Das^yptera  of  Pr.  Schiner ; 
but  this  is  not  always  the  case;  sometimes,  as  in  R.  hot(  '-icJuot, 
it  is  the  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth  vein  which  bears  the 
fork.  The  course  of  the  seventh  longitudinal  vein  is  also  variable  ; 
sometimes  it  is  nearly  straight  (i?.  innocens)  ;  sometimes  arcuated 
at  th*^  basis  in  such  a  manner  that  its  first  half  runs  very  near  the 
si.xth  longitudinal  vein  (li.  nigripiliin) ;  sometimes  arcuated  in 
the  opposite  direction,  Avith  the  concavity  towards  the  sixtli  vein  ; 
in  this  case  the  tip  of  the  seventh  vein  is  a])proxiniated  to  the 
tip  of  the  sixth,  and  the  axillary  cell  is  broader  in  the  middle  than 
at  the  end.  This  is  the  case  with  11  hoInlrichuH,  and  reminds 
of  a  similar  course  of  the  seventh  vein  in  Kriopiera  (subgenus 
Erioptera). 

Dr.  Schiner,  in  subdividing  the  genus  Eriojitcrn,  adopted  two 
genera  for  the  species  the  wings  of  which  are  hairy  on  the  whole 
surface:  Rhypholophus,  with  a  discal  cell,  and  Dosyptcra,  with- 


■■■■>     |.-'  '''>:!'.■■"  '51 


•     '  ■*■'■■■■  ■i'-^'.^jf;  ivR'^ill 

,1.,    ,    ..;.l-  ,■■  ,  •*)  r;,.n.'ti|.r< 

'    i     '    '^   t  -i^'sv-^—  ■'■}  "mil 


•  •■'■  •'■»■''' 


•1;:' 


".  ■ '  'V.  .. 

lit!  •-..  :, 


\  ''■(?*'; 


■•  ...^;\n. 


,•^3 


f-- '"; 


■'>. 


•  ■■  I' 


Si 


140 


Dll'TKRA  OP  NOIITIT  AMEUICA. 


[I'AIIT  IV. 


liii^Jr-^ 


i-  ;.-' 


out  (liscal  cell,  uiul  with  the  unterior  bniiicli  of  the  fuiirtli  vein 
forked.  Tliis  suljdivisiou,  ucconliiig  to  my  opinion,  is  net  salis- 
factorv.  I  posst's.s  a  North  Xinorican  spocies  (and  Euro|»i'aii 
sjx'cii's  of  tlio  same  kind  may  also  occur)  wliicii  has  no  discal  cell, 
but  liic  posterior  hrancli  of  the  fourth  vein  of  wliicii  is  forkc(|. 
8ucii  a  species  would  neither  be  a  ]iln/j)fioh>jihi(>i,  nor  a  Dci't^ 
(era.  We  nnjflit  cnhirgo  the  character  of  DdHijplvra  and  admit 
in  it  all  the  species  without  a  discal  cell,  liut  in  the  family  of 
Tiptilidiv.  we  have  abundant  evidences  of  the  fact,  tliat  the  men; 
presence  or  absence  of  the  discal  cell,  if  unsupported  by  other 
characters,  has  but  very  little  systematic  value.  Moreover,  in  tliu 
genus  Erioplera  itself,  we  have  the  i»roof,  that  a  discal  cell  may 
be  formed  by  the  forking  of  either  the  anierior  or  the  jioxlfnOr 
branch  of  the  fourth  vein  (compare!  \\  that  genus  the  subgenera 
Ac)/})fiona  and  3lcsoci/pho)ia).  Therefore,  a  subdivision  based 
upon  the  mere  presence  or  al).senee  v>:"  a  discal  cell  would  not  Ix;  a 
natural  one.  The  comparison  of  the  structure  of  the  forceps  of 
the  males,  in  connection  with  the  v^-nation  and  with  the  structiins 
of  the  antennte,  would  alone  enaldc  us  to  arrange  the  species  of 
the  present  genus  in  natural  groups.  Not  having  species  enough 
for  such  a  distribution,  nor  having  had  an  op|)ortunity  to  study 
the  structure  of  the  male  forceps  of  many  species,  I  am  uiuil)le 
to  point  out  their  natural  affinities.  As  to  an  actual  subdivision 
in  genera,  I  do  not  see  any  necessity  for  it  at  present ;  in  adopting 
the  two  genera  lUnjpholophus  and  Erioptera,  based  upon  the 
nature  of  the  pubescence  of  the  wings,  we  have  done  enough,  I 
think,  for  any  purpose  of  systematic  distribution. 

The  structural  affinities  between  Rlii/pholophufi  and  Erioptn-a 
arc  very  great.  Besides  the  difference  in  the  nature  of  the  pubes- 
cence, I  am  not  able  to  point  out  any  character,  peculiar  to  (iiie 
of  these  genera  and  foreign  to  the  other;  this  may  be  partly 
owing  to  our  as  yet  very  imperfect  knowledge  of  these  genera. 
The  coloring  of  Rhypholophus  is  decidedly  more  dull  than  that 
of  Erioptera :  gray  and  grayish-brown  are  the  prevailing  coltM's 
in  it. 

The  generic  name  of  EhypholopJnis  has  been  first  proposed  by 
Kolenati  for  a  single  species,  discovered  by  liim  in  Austria 
(Wiener  Entom.  Monatschr.  1800,  p.  303).  It  was  retained  for 
the  same  species  by  Dr.  Schiner,  in  his  Fauna  Auxiriaca.  In 
the  present  work  the  definition  of  the  genus  has  been  eidarged, 


:H,:r.. 


ml--- 


RIIYPIIOLOPHUS. 


141 


80  as  to  einbrttcc  all  tho  E.  ioplerse  the  wings  of  which  are 
pubosceut  oa  tlio  whole  surface. 


r 
I 

M 
I 
I 

^{ 


f 

8i 


Table  for  determining  the  species. 

Discal  cell  closed,  or,  if  open,  it  coalesces  with  the  second  posterior 
cell.  2 

Discal  cell  open ;  it  coalesces  with  the  third  posterior  cell  (Tab.  I, 

5 
3 
4 


1  nubllus  0.  S. 

2  innocens,  n.  sp. 

3  nigrlpilus,  n.  sp. 

4  holotrichus,  0.  S. 


[ 


flg.  15). 
Wings  variegated  with  gray  or  brown. 
Wings  nnifornily  colored. 
Wings  clouded  with  gray. 
Wings  spotted  with  brown  in  all  the  cells. 
Four  basal  joints  of  the  antennae  pale. 
Anteniu'e  altogether  blackish. 
Thorax  reddish,  with  a  distinct  black  line  in  the  uiiddle. 

6  rubellus,  n.  sp. 
Thorax  gray,  without  any  distinct  stripe.  6 

Knob  of  the  halteres  yellow ;  wings  with  a  conspicuous  atigmatical 

spot.  6  meigenli  O.  S. 

Knob  of  the  halteres  infuscated  ;  stigmatical  spot  not  conspicuous. 

7  monticola,  n  sp. 


Description  of  the  species. 

1.  R.  nilbilllS  0.  S.  %  and  9' — Cinerens,  viitd,  thoracis  distinct^, 
fusL£L;  alis  griseo  nebulosis,  cel1ul&  discoidali  clause ;  venis  longitudi- 
nalibus  sixtd,  et  septioi^  versus  apicem  subparallelis. 

Gray,  thorax  with  a  distinct  brown  stripe ;  wing  clouded  with  grayish ; 
discal  cell  closed ;  sixth  and  seventh  lon(,'itudinal  veins  subparallel 
towards  the  tip.     Long,  corp,  0.23 — 0.27. 

Syn.  Erioptera  nubila  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Na  .  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  227. 

Brownish-gray  ;  a  distinct,  narrow  bn  wn  stripe  over  the  tho- 
rax;  thorax  sparsely,  abdomeu  dfjnsely  clothed  with  rather  long, 
soft,  pale  yellowish  hairs  ;  antenna  brownish-black,  paler  at  the 
basis  of  the  flagellum,  with  short  verticils ;  palpi  black ;  halteres 
pale,  slightly  infuscated  at  the  base  of  the  knob,  the  tip  of  which 
is  clothed  with  a  short  golden-yellow  pubescence  ;  feet  brownish, 
coxae  and  basis  of  the  femora  paler ;  knees  pale  ;  femora  with  an 
indistinct  brownish  band  before  the  tip ;  wings  (Tab.  I,  fig.  14) 
grayish-white,  with  gray  nebulosities ;  they  form  two  more  or  less 
marked  bands  across  the  apical  portion  of  the  wings ;  a  third 
band  passes  over  the  cross-veins ;  a  cloud  in  the  first  basal  cell ; 
another  in  the  axillary,  and  some  nebulosities  i  the  spurious 
11 


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142 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV, 


coll ;  stigma  large,  brown,  square  ;  all  the  veins  dark  b.'owi ; 
di8(.'al  cell  present;  the  seventh  longitudinal  vein  is  sinurted  in 
the  middle  ;  its  latter  portion  is  rather  a|)pr()xiinatcd  to  tiie  si.xtli 
vein ;  the  great  cross-vein  is  usually  before  the  middle  of  tlio 
discal  cell. 

IJab.  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.  Occurs  com- 
monly  in  the  .spring  and  in  autumn,  and  may  bo  seen  in  copulation 
at  both  seasons 

li.  fasripennis  Zett.,  evidently  allied  to  II.  nubilun,  and  origi- 
nally found  in  Norway,  has  been  also  received  from  Greenland 
;St8eger,  Orcenl.  AnlUater  in  Krojer's  Tidskrift,  etc.  1845,  j). 
355,  10);  its  description  from  Zetterstcdt,  Dipt.  Sound.  X,  ]». 
3777,  is  reproduced  in  the  Appendix  I. 


sM 


S.  R.  innocens,  n.  sp.  %  and  9  • — Fuacano-cinereufl,  vittis  thoracis 
indiHtinctis ;  alarum  celluliA  omnibus  creV)re  fusco-maculatis  ;  celliilu 
disuoidali  clauslk ;  veuis  lougttudinalibus  Bixt&  et.septini^  divergentilms. 

Brownish-gray  ;  stripes  of  the  thorax  indistinct ;  all  the  cells  on  the  wings 
densely  spotted  with  brown  ;  discal  cell  closed  ;  sixth  and  seventh  longi- 
tudinal veins  divergent.     Long.  corp.  0.2. — 0.25. 

Browni.sh-gray ;  antenna;  and  palpi  blackish ;  stripes  of  the 
thorax  very  indistinct;  abdomen  grayish-brown;  male  forceps 
reddi.sh-brown,  with  strong,  short,  black  horny  appendages ; 
halteres  somewhat  infuscated  ;  feet  brownish :  tip  of  the  femora 
darker.  Wings  grayish,  with  dense  brown  dots  in  all  the  cells ; 
several  larger  brown  spots  along  the  anterior  margin  ;  in  tlie 
intervals  of  these  spots,  the  costal  and  first  longitudinal  veins 
are  pale  yellow.  Discol  cell  closed  ;  the  sixth  and  seventh  longi- 
tudinal veins  are  throughout  strongly  diverging,  and  thus  tlie 
axillary  cell  is  much  broader  at  the  tip  than  in  the  middle. 

Hab.    Washington,  D.  C,  in  April ;  New  Jersey. 

In  some  specimens  the  spots  are  less  dense  in  some  of  the  cells, 
especially  in  the  basal  ones. 


Syn.   Eric 


M'H 


3.  R.  nigrlpilllS,  n.sp.  %  and  J. — Fuscano-cinerens ;  alisimmacii- 
latis  ;  cellul5,  discoidali  clausd. ;  renis  longitudinalibus  Bixtd  et  septitiia 
divergentibus  ;  antennarum  basi  pallidfl. 

Brownish-gray ;  wings  immaculate  ;  discal  cell  closed  ;  sixth  and  seventh 
longitudinal  veins  divergent ;  basis  of  the  antennae  pale.  Long.  cuip. 
0.2—0.22. 


Biivriioi.oriii's. 


I-5.J 


Brownish-gray;  pnlpl  blackish;  utiti'iinic  brown,  four  Ixisul 
joints  palo  yellow;  (lagellum  of  the  male  densely  clothed  with  a 
long,  soft,  pubescence;  only  a  few  verticillate  hairs  reach  abov(( 
it;  joints  elongated,  becoming  longer  towards  the  tip;  flugellnni 
of  the  female  with  a  much  shorter  pubescence,  and  liencc,  \vr\'\- 
cillate  hairs  more  distinctly  visible;  thorax  with  a  brownish  tinge 
above  and  an  indistinct  intermediate  brownish  stripe  ;  two  rows 
(if  blackish  hairs  on  the  posterior  pert  of  tlie  mesonotum  ;  coxa? 
grayish-brown  ;  feet  brown,  with  an  appressed  pubescence,  which 
appears  golden-yellow  in  a  reflected  light;  trochanters  and  busis 
of  the  femora  paler ;  knob  of  the  halteres  yellow  ;  its  basis  aiid 
the  stem  with  a  pale  grayish  tinge;  abdomen  grayish-brown; 
horny  appendages  of  the  male  forceps  sharp,  black.  Wings  uni- 
formly gray,  with  a  somewhat  more  brownish  tinge  in  the  region 
of  the  stigma;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  approxinuvted  to  the  sixth 
on  its  anterior  half,  strongly  diverging  beyond  the  middle,  and 
thus  the  axillary  cell  much  broader  at  the  tip  than  in  the  middle ; 
discal  cell  e'ongated,  narrow;  the  inner  end  of  the  third  posterior 
' ill  is  nearly  opposite  its  middle  ;  all  the  veins  comparatively 
slender. 

Hab.   Washington,  D.  C.     Two  specimens, 

4.  R.  holotricllllS  O.  S.  9« — I'u«canns  ;  ali?  imtnaculatis  ;  cellul4 
discoi(tali  aperti,  cum  secundi  posteriori  conflneiis  ;  venis  sixt^  et  sep- 
tima  loiigitudinalibus  convergentibus  ;  antennis  nigris. 

Biownifsh  ;  wings  iininaculHte ;  discal  cell  open,  confluent  with  the  second 
posterior  cell ;  sixtli  and  seventh  longitudinal  veins  convergent;  antennjB 
black.     Long.  corp.  0.21^. 

Syn.  Erioptcra  hofotricha  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  226. 

Palpi  and  antennae  blackish  ;  thoru..  unif  rmly  pale  yellowish- 
gray  above,  with  some  pale  hairs;  stripes  haidly  .arked  at  all ; 
iialteres  yellowish;  coxa;  and  basis  of  the  femora  brownish- 
yellow  ;  the  remainder  of  the  feet  brown ;  abdomen  grayish- 
brown,  with  a  pale,  erect  pubescence.  Wings  of  a  uniform  palo 
yellowish-brown  color  ;  veins  not  darker  than  the  ground  color; 
a  darker  shade  in  the  stigmatic  region  ;  discal  cell  open,  confluent 
with  the  second  posterior  cell ;  the  latter  portion  of  the  seventh 
vein  is  rather  approximated  to  the  sixth  vein,  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  axillary  cell  is  not  broader  at  the  tip  than  in  the  middle. 


"''<  •'*■  "..'/' 


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DII'TKUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'ART  IV. 


Nub.  Washington,  D.  C  ;  three  female  spceimcns.  One  of  Ihiiu 
has  the  diseal  cell  elo.sed  on  one  of  the  winfi;.s. 

I  jxtssess  a  male  specimen  which  is  rehited  to  Jl.  Iwlotrk-hus, 
and  very  like  it,  but  i>robabiy  distinct :  the  dineal  cell  is  closed  ; 
the  veins  are  darker  than  tiie  gronnd  color;  the  antennu)  are 
densely  i)ubeseent  on  one  side,  and  with  longer  verticils  on  tiiL- 
other;  joints  subcylindrical,  moderately  long;  thorax  with  two 
brown  lines  on  the  hind  part  of  the  mesouutum,  before  the  suture, . 
etc. 

A.  R.  rilbelllis,  n.  ap.  %  nnd  9  • — Tliorace  rnliescpnte,  Iine4  inter- 
medin fus-jil ;  alls  iminacuIatiH  ;  CKllula  diHcoidiili  upertd,  lUiu  tertia 
posteriori  coiiHuunte. 

Tliorax  reddish,  with  a  brown  line  in  the  middle;  wings  immaculate; 
diseal  cell  open,  confluent  with  t*<e  third  posterior  cell.  Lung.  corp. 
0.2—0.23. 

Palpi  brown ;  antenna;  brownish,  the  very  stout  second  joint 
sometimes  a  little  paler ;  if  bent  backwards  they  would  hardly 
reach  the  root  of  the  wings  ;  those  of  the  male  have  nothing  un- 
usual in  their  structure  ;  the  pubescence  is  not  very  conspicuous, 
and  the  verticils  of  moderate  length  ;  the  antcnnce  of  the  female 
do  not  differ  much  from  those  of  the  male.  Thorax  reddish- 
yellow,  sometimes  with  a  grayish  bloom ;  a  dark  brown  stripe  in 
the  middle ;  a  row  of  pale  yellow  hairs  (easily  rubbed  off)  on  each 
side  ;  halteres  pale  ;  their  knob  very  slightly,  often  more  distinctly, 
infuscated  ;  feet  brownish,  coxa?  and  basis  of  the  femora  brownish- 
yellow  ;  knees  pale.  Abdomen  brown,  with  pale  yellow  hairs; 
the  last  segment  and  the  genitals  brownish-yellow  ;  forceps  of  the 
male  rather  large,  its  horny  appendages  black  at  the  tip.  Wings 
(Tab.  I,  fig.  15)  grayish,  darker  in  the  region  of  the  stigma; 
diseal  cell  open,  confluent  with  the  third  posterior  cell ;  the  latter 
portion  of  the  seventh  longitudinal  vein  is  approximated  to  the 
sixth  in  such  a  manner  that  the  axillary  cell  is  not  broader  at  the 
tip  than  in  the  middie. 

Hah.    West  Point,  N.  Y.,  in  numbers  ;  Delaware  (Dr.  Wilson). 

6.  R.  meigenii  0.  S.  %  and  9  • — Thorace  vittis  nullis  ;  alis  stigmate 
obscure  fusco  ;  Tenia  crassis,  fuscis  ;  celluld,  discoidali  apert&,  cum  terti^ 
posteriori  confluente. 

Thorax  without  stripes  ;  wings  with  a  dark  brown  stigma  ;  veins  stout 


,:fmf':.i: 


i 


RnYPIIOLOPHT'S. 


145 


brown  ;  diioal  cell  open,  confluent  m ith  the  third  posterior  cell.     Long, 
corp.  0.2—0.25. 

SvN.  Kiioptera  meiyenii  0.  Sackes,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  I'hil.  1859,  p.  22(J. 

llciul  grayish,  rostrum  and  palpi  brown  ;  nntoiiiuf  brownish ; 
tii/sc  of  the  male,  if  bent  bacliwunirt,  would  not  ri-ueh  much 
beyond  the  root  of  the  wings ;  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  are 
t'loiigati'd,  subcylindrical,  with  a  long,  soft  pubencence;  those  of 
the  female  have  the  joints  shorter,  beset  with  verticils  and  scat- 
tered hairs,  but  without  any  conspicuous  pubescence.  Thorax 
of  a  uniform,  dull  yellowish-gray ;  beset  with  yellow  hairs  on  the 
back,  as  well  as  on  the  pleura-  .ind  on  the  halteres ;  the  latter 
with  a  yellow  knob.  Abdomen  brown,  with  a  soft,  long,  erect 
yellowish  pul)escence  ;  genitals  of  the  male  reddish-brown ;  horny 
appfiiiJages  black ;  feet  brownish  ;  coxaj  and  basis  of  the  femora 
paler;  knees  likewise  somewhat  pale.  Wings  brownish-gray, 
shorter  and  comparatively  broader  than  in  li.  ruhellus  and  It. 
montirola  ;  veins  much  stouter,  dark  brown;  stigma  distinct, 
brown  ;  usually  there  is  a  clearer  spot  at  the  end  of  the  first  basal 
cell ;  discal  cell  open,  coalescent  with  the  third  posterior  cell ; 
seventh  longiti-  Mnal  vein  somewhat  arcuated,  approximated  to 
the  sixth,  in  its  latter  portion,  in  such  a  manner  that  the  axillary 
cell  is  not  much  broader  towards  the  tip  than  in  the  middle ;  the 
great  cross-vein  is  usually  anterior  to  the  inner  end  of  the  discal 
cell. 

Hah.   Middle  States ;  not  rare. 

It  R.  moiiticola,  n.  sp.  % . — Thorace  vittis  nuUia ;  alls  immacn- 
latis:  articulJH  antennarnm  maris  elongatis,  pedunculatia,  longe  pubes- 
centibus ;  cellulU  discoidali  aperti,  cum  terti4  posteriori  conHueute ; 
stigmate  pallido. 

Thorax  without  stripes  ;  wings  immaculate  ;  joints  of  the  antennse  of  the 
male  elongated,  pedicelled,  and  with  a  long  pubcsceni'e  ;  discal  cell  open, 
confluent  with  the  third  posterior  cell ;  stigma  pale.     Long.  corp.  0.22? 

Head  and  thorax  brownish,  with  a  bluish-gray  bloom,  some- 
what concealing  tlie  ground  color.  Tiie  antenme,  if  bent  back- 
wards, would  reach  some  distance  beyond  the  root  of  the  wings ; 
the  joints  of  the  flagellum,  beginning  with  the  second,  are 
elongated  and  narrow,  terminating  in  an  elongated  point,  to 
which  is  fastened  the  following  joint ;  each  joint  bears,  on  both 
10     August,  1868. 


.J        ■■■  ',.-  ,.y    ;t^ 


Mil 

mmm 


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■••';-.: 


146 


DirTKRA  OF  NOnTII  AMKUICA. 


[PAIIT  IV. 


r.:.  • 


?|i?».    !- 


hiilcH,  a  tuft  of  loiif?  ami  soft  liuirs;  no  verticils,  above  this  puht's- 
Cfiicf,  are  ai»j>iiri'iit  (thtru  are  only  13  joints  on  both  antrnntu  of 
my  sitociiMcii,  but  tlio  tip  may  be  broken  off).  Palpi  blai'kihh ; 
lialtiTfs  with  a  somewhat  infuscated  knob,  paler  at  tlie  root;  feet 
brownish  ;  eoxte  and  l)asis  of  the  femora  brownish-yellow.  Wings 
uniformly  grayish;  the  stigmatie  region  very  slightly  darker; 
veins  brown,  comparatively  slender;  diseal  cell  open,  confluent 
with  the  third  jtosterior  cell  ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  slightly 
sinuated  in  the  middle,  feebly  divergent  from  the  si.xth. 

J/uh.  White  Mountains,  N.  ]I.  ;  a  single  nmie  specimen,  the 
Blxlomcn  of  which  is  broken.  The  peculiar  structure  of  the 
antennoj  of  this  species  will  render  it  easily  recognizable  ;  they 
must  be  remarkable  for  their  length,  if  those  of  nty  specimen  are 
imperfect,  as  I  have  every  reason  to  suppose  they  arc.  The  size 
of  this  species  is  about  0(pial  to  that  of  the  preceding  ones;  it 
could  not  be  accurately  given,  on  account  of  the  broken  abdomen 
of  my  specimen. 

Oen.  XVII.   ERIOPTERA. 

Two  submarf^inal  cells  ;  four  posterior  cells  ;  disoal  cell  present  or  absent. 
Win(ja  pubescent  along  the  veins  only.  The  second  longitudinal  vein  usually 
originates  at  a  very  acute  angle,  some  distance  before  the  middle  of  the 
anterior  margin  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  at  a  considerable  distancH 
(two  or  three  lengths  of  the  great  cror-g-vein,  or  more)  from  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein.  Antenna»  Iti-jointe  >  Tibijc  without  spurs  at  the  tip; 
ungues  smooth  on  the  under  side  ;  empo<lia  distinct. 

The  rostrum  is  short ;  the  palpi  likewise ;  their  two  intermedi- 
ate joints  rather  stout.  Kyes  glabrous,  separated  above  by  a 
broad  front ;  almost  contiguous  on  the  under  side  of  the  head. 
The  antenme  are  generally  short,  with  oval  or  oblong  joints ;  in 
some  species,  the  males  have  the  antennas  longer  than  usual, 
reaching,  if  bent  backwards,  beyond  the  basis  of  the  abdomen ; 
in  such  eases  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  elongated  and  pedi- 
celled.  Thoracic  suture  well  marked,  often  deep  and  glossy  at 
the  bottom;  the  longitudinal  suture,  connecting  it  with  the  scu- 
tellum,  is  generally  well  marked.  The  feet  are  of  moderate  length, 
comparatively  sliort,  usually  pubescent,  sometimes  conspicuously 
hairy;  the  intermediate  pair  (as  it  was  already  noticed  by  Meigen) 
is  shorter  than  the  two  other  pairs.  Erioplcra  has  this  character 
in  common  with  the  allied  genera  Hhypholophus,  Trimicra,  Sym- 


]■  _ 


ERIOPTERA. 


14T 


plecta,  and  Gnophomi/ia.  Tho  lust  joint  of  tlio  tursi  somcwliut 
pi'itjt'C'ts  uljove  and  bt-yond  tlio  ungues,  not  (juitf  so  much,  bow- 
ever,  UH  in  Triiuicra. 

Tlie  furce'ps  of  tlie  nuile  consists,  as  usual,  of  two  luovablo 
hiisiil  pieees,  to  wliieh  liorny  apixMidaj^es  aro  fastenod,  the  number 
uiid  sliape  of  whieh  are  vurial>le  in  diU'erent  species ;  in  some 
tliey  appear  like  a  i)air  of  stronj?  hooks  {E.  venusla,  Tab.  IV, 
fig.  1(1);  in  others  sevciral  horny  branches  are  visible  on  each 
side  {E.  vfHperliiia,  Tab.  IV,  lij(.  20,  E.  armaia,  llg.  14). 

The  ovipositor  of  the  female  is  of  moderate  length  in  some 
spe(!ies  and  rather  long  in  others.  The  upper  valves  are  arcuated 
and  p<Mnted ;  the  lower  ones,  likewise  pointed,  but  less  curved, 
sometimes  reach  only  the  middle  of  the  upper  ones  with  their 
tip,  sometimes  very  nearly  the  end.  The  little  horny  projections 
noticed  by  Sohummel  at  the  basis  of  the  upper  valves  of  S'jvi- 
plecta  {lieilragc,  etc.  p.  158),  seem  to  be  common  to  all  the 
Eriopler/v. 

The  wings  are  more  generally  broad  than  narrow ;  in  some 
species,  as  in  the  European  E.  atra,  they  are  shortened  in  the 
mule,  which  apparently  renders  them  unlit  for  Hying.  The 
pul)escence  along  the  veins  is  usually  long  enough  to  give  to 
the  whole  wing  a  hairy  appearance ;  in  some  species  however 
(as  in  the  North  American  E.  septemlnunis,  or  the  European  E. 
cili(i7-is  Schum.),  it  is  much  shorter,  and  such  species  ndght  not 
1)0  recognized  for  Eriop(era%  if  the  other  distinguishing  characters 
were  overlooked.  (More  will  be  said  about  such  cases  under  the 
head  of  Trimicra.)  The  venation  shows  considerable  modifica- 
tions in  different  species;  the  subdivisions  of  the  genus  are  prin- 
cipally based  upon  these  differences,  which  will  bo  explained 
below. 

Ik'i^ides  the  North  American  and  European  Eriopiterse  at 
present  known,  only  three  species  from  all  the  rest  of  the  world 
have  been  published.  They  belong  to  Chile,  and  have  been  de- 
scril)ed  by  Blanchard  and  Philippi  (Blanch.  Gay''s  Fmina,  VII, 
p.  343,  and  Philippi  in  Verh.  Zuol.  Bot.  Ges.  in  Wien,  1865,  p. 
016). 

Mr.  Loew  (Bernst.  u.  Bernstein fni(7ia,  p.  37)  says  that  he 
recognizes  eight  well-defined  species  of  Erioplera  in  amber ;  he 
does  not  describe  them. 

The  name  Erioptera  (from  tpior,  wool,  and  nnp'ov,  wing)  has 


■■,'    lit.    '    .;•.! 


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148 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV, 


]i0P''  mtrodncccl  by  Moigcn  ns  early  as  1803  {Tlligcr^s  MiKjazin, 
Vol.  VI).  Ii;  th«!  (irst  volume  of  his  principal  work  (Si/ftlcm  it. 
lieschr.  etc.  Vol.  I,  p.  lOS)  he  mentions  among  the  clis'r.tfter.s 
of  the  gmus  that  "  the  wings  are  pubescent  a'oiig  the  veins 
only."  It  must  not  bo  overlooked,  however,  that  at  the  time  of 
the  publication  of  this  volume  he  had  not  seen  any  of  the  species 
with  the  v-ings  hairy  on  tlie  whole  surface.  When  he  obtained 
such  a  species  (E.  varia,  Vol.  VI,  p.  237)  ho  included  it  in  the 
same  geiuis.  Since  Meigen,  Erioptera  has  been  understood  by 
later  authors  (Macquart,  Zetterstedt,  Staeger,  and  Walker)  in  the 
same  sense,  that  is,  as  including  the  species  with  the  wings 
pubescent  on  the  whole  surface,  as  well  as  those  pubescent  along 
the  veins  only. 

In  1S33  Mr.  Curtis  {Britiah  Entomol.  444)  proposed  the  adop- 
tion of  the  genus  Molophilas  for  a  species  which  he  described  as 
Molophilua  brecipennis,  but  which  later  English  entomologists 
unanimously  considered  as  synonymous  with  E.  alra  Meig.' 
The  characters  upon  which  this  genus  was  established  (modified 
shape  of  abdomen  and  thorax,  small  size  of  the  wings,  and  large 
size  of  the  male  forcep.s)  do  not  warrant  its  retention  in  the  sense 
of  the  author,  but  the  name  Molophilus  may  be  well  retained  for 
the  subgenus  to  which  E.  atra  be'ongs. 

In  1848  Mr.  Rossi  {Si/st>vi.  Verz.  etc.  p.  12)  proposed  the 
generic  name  of  Cheilotruhia  for  the  European  species  having  u 
discal  cell  {E.  imhula  and  E.  cinerascens),  however  without 
nearer  defining  this  new  genus. 

In  18()0  Mr.  Kolenati  {Wicn.  Entom.  Monatschr.  Vol.  IV) 
adopted  the  genus  Jiln/pholophns  for  a  new  species,  discovered 
by  him  in  Austria.  This  name  has  been  retained  in  the  present 
volume,  but  in  a  more  extended  sense. 

'  The  synonymy  of  ^1/.  ^<reripeniiis  with  ^.  atra  M.,  admitted  by  all 
English  authors  (lompare  Westwood,  Walker,  etc.),  is  probably  based 
upon  a  comparison  of  original  specimens.  If  we  hold  on  to  Mr.  Curtis's 
description  only,  this  synonymy  may  appear  doubtful.  He  (Brit.  Entvm. 
."if)?)  mentions  both  E.  atra  and  A.  ■•">  ina  among  the  species  found  in 
Kngland,  although  in  the  same  article  he  speaks  of  M.  hrevipmuis  as  a 
distinct  species.  In  the  description  of  this  species  he  says  that  the  wings 
are  ''straw-colored"  at  the  basis  ;  from  the  fact  that  the  author,  having 
both  sexes  before  him,  uuos  not  notice  the  difference  in  the  length  of  their 
wings,  one  would  infer  that  they  are  short  in  both,  and  this  is  not  the  caso 
with  E.  atra,  etc. 


ERIOPTEUA. 


119 


In  the  same  year  Mr.  llondaiii  (Prodr.  Dipterologice  Ilaliciv, 
Vol.  I)  proposed  a  series  of  now  generic  names  for  eertaiu  groii|)H 
(if  the  genus  Erioptera.  They  havo  already  been  eniunerafed 
ahove  (p.  12),  but  among  that  number  Ilisia  alone,  with  Eriop- 
tera macidala  M.  for  type,  has  been  deseribed  {Mas.  Canedr. 
Ill,  p.  91,  1805).  The  description  of  the  others  is  to  be  ex- 
pected i»  the  volume  of  Mr.  Kondani's  work  which  will  treat  of 
the  Tipulidse,  and  which,  as  far  as  I  am  aware,  has  not  yet 
iippeared.  This  circumstance,  as  well  as  my  limited  knowledge 
of  the  European  Eriopterse,  prevent  me  from  entering  in  a 
(ktuiled  examination  of  this  distribution. 

In  ISC.a  Mr.  Lioy  (Affi  List.  Vend.,  3d  series,  Vol.  IX,  p.  224) 
proposed  the  genus  Platytoma  (with  E.  vineraxcens  M.  for  type) 
for  the  Eriopterse  with  a  discal  cell  and  with  an  incrassated 
second  anteniml  joint. 

Dr.  Schiner  {}Vicnp.r  Entomol.  Monatschr.  Vol.  A'll,  18(;3, 
and  Fauna  Austriaca,  Diptera,  Vol.  II,  1804)  divided  the  genus 
Erioptera  (in  the  bioadest  sense)  in  four  genera,  which  may  be 
tabulated  thus  : — 


I.  Wings  pubescent  on  the  whole  surface. 

1.  A  (tiscal  cell  ...... 

2.  No  disca'   cell,  and  anterior  branch  of  the 

fourth  vein  forked         .... 
II.  Wings  pubescent  along  the  veins  only. 

1.  The  fork  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  aixl 

with  it,  the  great  cioss-vein,  are  in  their 
usual  position  ;  the  postirlor  branch  of 
the  fourth  longitudinal  vnin  is  forked  . 

2.  The  fork  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  and 

with  it,  the  great  iross-vein,  are  much 
nearer  to  the  root  of  the  wing  than  the 
small  croiss-vein    ..... 


Rhypholophua. 
Dasyptera. 


Trichosticha. 


Erioptera. 


Under  the  head  of  the  genus  L'hi/pho/ophitK  (comp.  )>.  \^'.))  I 
have  shown  why  Dr.  Schiner's  subdivision  of  the  .'<pe4'i«'.^  of  Stct. 
]("  wings  pubescent  on  the  whole  surface")  cannot  be  n-tained 
for  the  present.  In  the  same  way,  the  siibdivi.sioii  (»f  Section  11 
("wings  i)ub('sccnt  along  the  veins  only'')  is  inapplicable  to  the 
North  American  species.  The  definition  of  TrichoMicha,  as 
given  by  the  author,  excludes  two  North  American  species  {E. 
caloptcra  and  parva),  and  ptjrhaps  some  Euroj)ean  ones  ( E.  tunio- 


.,.ij«-5 


'■ft 


*  4  JLAtl 


5-  vm-:  i 


150 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


nota  Zett.  Dipt.  Scand.  X,  p.  3781  ?)  which  have  the  ante^-^or 
branch  of  the  fourth  vein  forked.  Wlietlier  we  enlarge  the  genus, 
80  as  to  admit  these  species,  or  whether  we  leave  it  in  the  accep- 
tation of  the  Fauna  Austriaca,  Trichosticha  will  contain  very 
heterogcp.eous  elcnioiits.  The  genus  Erioptera,  in  Dr.  Schiner's 
limited  acceptation,  is  a  natural  group,  wiiich  I  have  retained 
below.  It  is  to  be  regretted,  however,  that  the  author  transferred 
to  this  group  the  name  of  Erioptera,  which  belongs  nmch  more 
legitimately  to  his  genus  Trichodicha,  as  containing  Meigeu's 
most  numerous  and  typical  species.* 

In  the  Froc.  Acad.  Nat.  tici.  Philad.  1859  (p.  225),  I  have 
indicated  the  principal  groups  of  the  North  American  Eriopterif. 
They  are  substantially  the  same  as  those  which  have  been  mon- 
fully  defined  in  the  prestnt  publication.  If  I  have  retained  them 
in  the  [)osition  of  groups'*  or  subgenera,  it  is  because,  in  my  opinion, 
tiie  characters  which  all  these  species  possess  in  common  consti- 
tute between  them  a  link  of  aflhiity  more  important  than  the 
structural  differences  which  some  of  them  show.  Even  the  genus 
IVnjpholop/ius,  as  defined  al)Ove,  proves  by  the  position  of  its 
subcostal  cross-vein,  the  manner  in  which  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  originates,  and,  in  some  species,  by  the  arcuated  course  uf 
the  seventh  longitudinal  vein,  a  strong  afTiiiity  to  the  genus 
Erioptera  in  its  present  definition.  If  1  have  adopted  these  twd 
genera,  it  is  because  the  difference  in  the  pubescence  of  the  wings 
of  both  affords  a  ground  of  subdivision  as  simple  as  easily  apj))!- 
cable  to  all  the  species  at  present  known.  But  it  remains  to  he 
shown  yet,  whether  the  difference  in  this  character  is  indicative 
of  some  corresponding  modifications  in  otiier  organs.  Another 
potent  reason  for  not  further  subdividing  the  genus  Erioptera  in 
my  case  was,  my  unaccpmintamie  with  the  Euroi)ean  species,  the 
rather  small  number  of  the  North  American  ones,  and  the  com- 
paratively large  number  of  subdivisions  which  they  recjuire.  For 
all  these  reasons  I  have  preferred  to  indicate  the  natural  affinities 
existing  between  the  North  American  Erioptene,  and  to  distri- 
bute them  in  groups  accordingly,  leaving  these  groups  in  the 
position  of  subgenera. 

'  It  may  be  said  in  favor  of  Dr.  Srhin*^"^  noinenclaturH,  that  M«'igeii,  in 
his  earlier  worli  (KldsxijiraliDii,  etc.  18(i-l),  lias  figured  /^rio/ilmi  atni  as 
if  it  was  the  type  of  the  geinis.  In  liis  i.riiiciiial  woilv  tlie  ^Jl^'(ries  aie 
arrauged  iu  a  different  order,  uud  th^s  figure  is  uot  reproduced  at  all. 


i  ''* 


ERIOPTERA. 


151 


The  Xorth  American  spocios,  contained  in  the  genus  Erioptera, 
as  ddincd  above,  may  be  distributed  into  the  following-  groups  : — 

A.  The  pi."efurca  ends  in  the  second  snl)marginal  cell,  whiih  is  longer 
than  the  first :  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell  (or,  when  it  is  open, 
of  the  cell  with  which  it  coalesces)  is  on  the  aauie  line  with  the 
small  cross-vein  (Tab.  I,  fii;.  l(j,  17,  18). 

1.  The  posterior  branch  of  tin;  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  forked  (in 
other  words,  when  the  discal  cell  is  open,  it  coalesces  with 
the  second  posterior  cell ;  when  it  is  closed,  the  inner  end 
of  the  third  posterior  cell  is  nearer  the  basis  of  tha  wing 
than  the  innei        '  of  the  second). 

a.  The  seventh  loni.  tudinal  vein  is  arcuated  (converging  to- 

wards the  sixth)  in  such  a  manner,  that  the  axillary 
cell  is  broader  in  the  middle  than  near  the  margin  of 
the  wing  (Tab.  I,  fig.  16)  :  subgenus  Erioptera. 

The  six  species  of  tins  subgenus  (E.  chloropfii/Ila,  i^traminea, 
vespcrtina,  septemtrionis,  cJiryxocoma,  villoxa)  form  a  very  natural 
frroup  ;  their  venation  is  exactly  the  sume  ;  their  discal  cell  is  open, 
coaiescent  with  the  second  posterior  cell ;  their  third  posterior 
(•<,'I1  is  rather  long ;  their  male  forceps  seems  to  be  built  npoii  the 
same  plan,  and  consists  of  two  basal  pieces,  bearing  several  horny 
branches  each  (compare  Tab.  IV,  fig.  20,  the  forceps  of  E.  vefper- 
/iHfl) ;  their  wings  are  immaculate,  their  feet  without  \vell-mai4ied 
bands.  Although  the  above  named  si.x  North  American  species 
have  the  discal  cell  open,  the  mere  fact  of  its  being  closed  would 
not  i)revent  a  new  species  from  being  included  in  this  group,  if 
the  agreement  in  the  other  character,-  'vas  sufficient.  The  present 
groui>  almost  answers  to  Dr.  Schiner"-  geims  'Tricho.sticha ;  but 
it  seems  to  me  that  Erioptera  is  a  more  appropriate  name  for  it, 
as  it  will  probably  include  the  majority  of  the  species,  as  well  as 
till-  most  t3'pical  forms,  of  the  genus  Erioptera  in  the  sense  of 
Mi'igen's  principal  work. 

b.  The  seventh  longitudinal  vein  is  straight,  diverging  from  the 

sixth;  hence  thf  axillary  cell  is  much  broader  near 
the  margin  of  the  wing  than  in  the  middle  ;  discal  cell 
closed. 

*  The  fork  of  the  posterior  branOh  of  the  fourth  longitudi- 
nal vein  (conta  ■m-ita.  the  third  postt-rior  cell)  has 
the  usual  structure,  that  is,  consists  of  two  gently 
arcuated  branillwiS  (Tab.  I,  fig.  17)  :  aubgeuua 
Acjphona. 


:  '^  .^'>■ 
■^^.' . 


»Hr>«v 


.-i;-:;^;/. 


■■".'( 


152 


DirTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV, 


fit     ■■ 


The  three  species  belonging  liere  (E,  venuala,  grajjhica,  and 
armillaris)  are  very  closely  allied.  They  have  haiidsonicly 
vai'iegated  wings,  and  bands  on  the  feet  differing  from  the  ground 
color.  The  male  forceps  has  a  very  different  structure  from  lliat 
of  the  preceding  and  of  the  following  groups:  it  has,  on  each  of 
the  basal  pieces,  a  single,  strong,  hook-shaped  horny  a})pendage 
(Tab.  IV,  fig.  16,  a,  b;  forceps  of  E.  venusla).  The  lower  valves 
of  the  ovipositor  are  as  long  as  the  upper  ones. 

**  The  fork  of  the  posterior  branch  of  the  fourtli  longi- 
tudinal vein  (containing  the  thinl  posterior 
cell;  has  an  angular  anterior  branch  which 
emits  a  stump  of  a  vein  inside  of  the  discal 
cell  (Tab.  I,  fig.  18);  subgenus  Hoplolabis. 

Only  a  single  North  American  species,  E.  armala,  belongs  to 
this  „i'oup.  Its  forceps  is  entirely  distinct  in  structure  from  that 
of  the  preceding  group  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  14a,  14);  its  wings  are  lil<e- 
wise  variegated  with  brown,  but  its  feet  are  of  a  uniforndy  pale  color. 

2.  The  anterior  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  forked  (in 
othei'  words,  when  the  discal  cell  is  open,  it  coalesces  with 
the  third  poHt trior  cell)  ;  when  the  discal  cell  is  closed  the 
inner  ends  of  the  second  and  third  posterior  cells  are  nearly 
in  oue  line  :  subgenus  Mesocyphona. 

E.  caloptera  Say,  and  E.  parva  0.  S.  belong  hore ;  both  arc 
distinguished  by  the  iiibove-mentiont;d  peculiarities  in  the  vena- 
tion, and  their  relationship  is  further  proved  by  the  resemblance 
in  the  coloring  of  their  body.  The  position  of  the  two  brown 
stripes  on  tlie  lliorax  is  (juite  peculiar,  and  not  to  be  found  in  the 
other  Erioptcra' ;  the  feet  have  dark  bands.  The  forceps  of  E. 
caloptera  is  represented  on  Tai».  IV,  liy:.  lo.  The  discal  cell  of 
this  spe«ies  is  generally,  that  of  /.'.  parva  always  open.  AVlion 
closed  in  the  former  spi'cies,  the  slinpo  of  the  discal  cell  is  such 
that  the  inner  ends  of  the  second  and  third  posterior  cells  are  in 
one  line;  this  is  lur  from  being  the  case  with  the  oihi'v  Eriopterfe 
with  a  closed  discal  cell,  as  E.  vcuiiftn,  (jrapliica,  artttala,  etc. 
The  shape  of  the  discal  cell  in  iIm-c  latter  species  evidently 
shows  that  it  is  the  jiosleriur  and  not  the  anterior  branch  of  tlio 
fourth  vein  which  is  forked. 

B.  The  prfpfurca  ends  in  the  <frst  snbmarginal  cell,  whiih  is  longer  thin 
the  second  ;  the  inner  end  of  tiie  discal  cell  (or  ratiier,  as  it  is 
always  open,  of  the  second  posterior  cell),  us  well  as  the  great  cruss- 


\-  >■ 


ERIOPTERA. 


US 


vein,  are  not  in  one  line  with  the  small  cross-vein,  bnt  nuicli  nearer 
to  the  root  of  the  wing  (Tab.  I,  fig.  1!)) :  subgeuuH  Molophilus. 

The  peculiarities  of  the  vonation  of  this  group  are  :  1.  That 
tiie  second  longitudinal  vein  emits  the  third,  not  from  its  main 
stem,  as  usual,  but  from  its  po.sterior  branch  (as  in  some  species 
of  Amalopitt)]  hence  the  first  subnmrgijial  cell  is  longer  than  the 
second  ;  the  latter,  in  all  the  species  which  I  have  seen,  has  its 
inner  end  in  one  linC  with  the  inner  end  of  the  first  posterior 
cell,  both  inner  ends  being  nearly  square;  the  first  submarginal 
cell  has  usually  a  somewhat  rounded  inner  end,  and  the  marginal 
cross-vein  is  but  a  short  distance  beyond  it ;  in  IJ.  iirsina  nearly 
in  one  line  with  it ;  2.  That  the  first  bifurcation  of  the  foiulh 
longitudinal  vein  takes  place  at  a  considerable  distance  before 
the  small  cross-vein,  and  that  the  great  cross-vein  is  also  removed 
backwards  to  a  corresponding  distance  ;  the  consequence  is,  that 
the  inner  ends  of  the  second  and  fourth  posterior  cells  are  nearer 
to  tlie  basis  of  the  wing  than  the  inner  ends  of  the  first  posterior 
and  of  the  submarginal  cells.  The  discal  cell  seems  to  be  always 
open  (this  is  the  case  with  the  North  American  species,  as  well 
as  with  the  European  species,  which  I  find  mentioned  in  the 
authors).  The  third  posterior  cell  is  rather  long  in  most  species, 
and  has  its  inner  end  more  or  less  opposite  that  of  the  first 
posterior  cell ;  in  E.  ursina,  however  {and  probably  in  the  related 
European  species),  it  is  much  shorter. 

Dr.  Schiner  has  retained  the  nam»!  of  Erioptera  for  this  sub- 
division, but  this  name  is  more  properly  applied  to  another  group. 
As  Mulophilus,  a  generic  name  proposed  by  Mr.  Curtis  for  a 
species  of  this  group  with  very  short  wings,  unfit  for  flying, 
(laniiot  well  be  retained  in  this  narrow  sense,  we  may  apply  it  to 
the  whole  group. 


A 


Table  for  determininff  tli(' upecirs. 

The  pr.nefurca  ends  in  the  second  submarginal  cell  (Tab.  1,  fig.  16,  17, 

J         18).  2 

'The  praefurca  ends  in  the  first  submarginal  cell  (Tab.  I,  fig.  10).      13 

Tlie  discal  cell,  when  open,  coalesces  with  the  second  posterior  cell 

(Tab.  I,  fig.  16)  ;  when  closed,  the  inner  ends  of  the  second  and 

third  posterior  cells  are  not  in  one  line,  the  inner  end  of  the  latter 

{         being  anterior  (Tab.  I,  fig.  17,  18).  3 

The  discal  cell,  when  open,  coalesces  with  the  third  posterior  cell ; 

wht-n  closed,  the  inner  ends  of  the  second  and  third  posterior 

cells  are  nearly  in  one  lino.  12 


I  ii'iSW.^ai'i. » 


*   'I 


.■■     ■'■X'.l:V'ii 


r^'ir-' 


•-''■  ■''.*' ^ 


,iii-.   < 


%.i-^ 


'  I 


;))»'  '•''' 


^:m- 


m 


■■■•■;:; 
;'  [■■A 


iii.'. 


154 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


1  septemtrioniB  0.  S. 


2  villosa  0.  .s'. 


8 


10 

11 

12 

13 
14 
15 


'  Discal  cell  open  ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  arcuated  in  sur-h  a  man- 
ner tliat  the  axillary  cell  is  broader  in  the  middle  than  near  tlm 
margin  (Tab.  I,  fig.  1(J).  4 

Discal  cell  cloaed ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  straight,  diverging  from 
the  sixth,  and,  hence,  the  axillary  cell  much  broader  near  the 
margin  than  in  the  middle  (Tab.  I,  fig.  17,  18).  y 

(  Knob  of  the  halteres  jeliow. 
(  Knob  of  the  halteres  infuscated. 

(  Body  and  wings  yellow  or  green. 
(  Body  and  wings  brown. 
/  Cross-veins  not  infuscated,  feet  yellow.  7 

<  Cross-veins  infuscated,  feet  conspicuously  clothed  with  black  hairs. 
'  3  chrysocoma  0.  s: 

Front  and  humeri  with  sulphur  yellow  marks,  the  remainder  of  tlie 
head  and  of  the  thorax  being  of  a  saturated  reddish  or  brownish- 
yellow.  4  vespertina  0.  s. 
Whole  body  pale  green  or  pale  yellow.  H 

(  Body  pale  green.  5  chlorophylla  0.  S. 

X  Body  pale  yellow.  (j  straminea,  n.  sp. 

No  stump  of  a  vein  inside  of  the  discal  cell ;   femora  with  brown 

bands.  10 

A  stump  of  a  vein  inside  of  the  discal  cell  (Tab.  I,  fig.  18)  ;  femora 

without  brown  bands.  10  armata  O.  S. 

(•Wings  with  a  broad  brown  band  and  a  large  brown  spot  before  it, 

j  nearer  the  basis  (Tab.  I,  fig.  17).  7  venusta  0  .S. 

I  Wings  with  a  very  narrow  brown  band  and  numerous  brown  spot?) 

••         and  marks.  11 

r  Prevailing  color  of  the  body  and  of  the  wings  yellowish, 
j  8  armillaris,  n.  sp. 

Prevailing  color  of  the  body  and  of  the  wings  brownish. 

9  graphica  0.  s. 

Swings  brownish,  with  numerous  white  spots.         11  caloptera  S'li/. 
Wings  pale  grayish,  with  small  dark  spots  along  the  margin,  at  the 


tip  of  the  longitudinal  veins. 

{Prev.ailing  color  of  the  body  yellow. 
Prevailing  color  of  the  body  brown  or  black. 

(  Size  from  0.2  to  0.2.') ;  color  brown. 
(  Size  hardly  0.1  ;  color  black. 

{Antennae  altogether  brownish. 
Two  basal  joints  of  the  antennae  yellowish. 


12  parva  0.  s. 

13  pubipennis  0.  .s'. 

14 

IT) 

16  ursina  0.  v. 

14  hirtipennis  0.  S. 
15  forcipula,  n.  sp. 


I  "I 


ERIOPTERA. 


155 


Description  of  the  species. 

A.  The  prfcfurca  ends  in  the  second  snbmarginal  cell,  which  is  longer 
than  the  first ;  the  inner  end  of  the  di^cal  cell  (or,  when  it  is 
open,  of  the  cell  with  which  it  coalesces)  is  on  the  same  line  with 
the  small  cross-vein. 
1.  The  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  forked. 

a.  Seventh  longitudinal  vein  arcuated,  convergin;;  towards  the 
sixth  (Tab.  I,  fig.  16)  :  subgenus  Erioptera  (compare 
above,  page  151). 

1.  E.  septemtrionis  0.  S.     %  and  9.— Fuscano-ochracea,  alia  im- 
maculatis,  venarum  villosie  perbrevi,  halteres  capitulo  infuscato. 

Brownish-ochraceous,  wings  immaculate,  the  pubescence  of  the  veins  very 
short,  the  knob  of  the  halteres  brown.     Long.  corp.  0.2 — 0.25. 

Syn.  Erioptera  septemtrionis  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  1859,  p.  226. 

Body  ochracoous,  more  or  less  tingled  with  brownish  ;  front 
infuscated  in  the  middle ;  palpi  brown  ;  antenna)  brownish,  more 
or  less  pale  at  the  basis ;  thorax  brownish  above,  with  more  or 
less  snlphur  yellow  in  the  humeral  region ;  a  brown  stripe,  niore 
or  less  distinct,  along  the  middle  of  the  mesonotum  and  of  the 
collars ;  pleurae  usually  pale,  with  a  brown  stripe,  running  from 
the  collare  to  the  root  of  the  halteres ;  in  some  specimens,  the 
pleurae  are  brownish ;  knob  of  the  halteres  dark  brown  ;  feet 
brownish-yellow;  abdomen  brownish  above,  venter  paler.  Wings 
immaculate ;  veins  brownish,  their  pubescence  very  short,  not 
long  enough  by  far  to  reach  from  vein  to  vein  and  thus  to  cover 
tiie  surface  of  the  cells. 

Hab.  Maine  (Packard) ;  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. ;  seems  to  be 
more  common  in  the  north.  I  possess  a  male  from  Washington, 
1).  C,  which  is  altogether  brownish,  humeri  yellowish,  forceps 
reddish ;  a  female  of  very  large  size  (locality  uncertain)  has  the 
same  dark  coloring.  I  believe  that  they  belong  to  E.  septem- 
trionis, which  can  always  be  distinguished  by  the  dark  knob  of 
the  halteres  and  the  short  pubescence  of  the  wings. 

2.  E.  Tillosa  0.  S.     %  . — Fnsca,  alls  fuscescentibus,  conspicue  fusco- 

villosulis,  halteribus  flavis. 
Brown,  wings  brownish,  with  conspicuous  brown  hairs ;  halteres  yellow. 

Long.  corp.  0.25. 
Syn.  Erioptera  villosa  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  226 


■>m!i' 


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156 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


ma 


i.i.^^ ': 


it*:.:!:;:.  I 


IJrown  ;  antennae  and  palpi  of  the  same  color;  a  sulphur  yellow 
spot  on  the  humeri,  extending  towards  the  root  of  the  wings; 
halteres  yellow ;  their  tip  with  a  line,  silky,  golden  yellow  pubes- 
cence ;  abdomen  with  a  long,  soft,  pale  brownish-yellow  pubes- 
cence; genitals  paler  than  the  abdomen,  yellowish-brown;  the 
horny  appendages  of  the  male  forceps  are  pale,  with  their  tips 
only  black.  Feet  brownish-yellow,  rather  stout,  pubescent  with 
brownish  hairs,  which  look  golden  in  a  reflected  light.  Wings 
with  a  somewhat  dusky  tinge  ;  pubescence  of  the  veins  long, 
brown. 

I  possess  a  single  male  specimen,  captured  by  myself  in  the 
Middle  States  of  the  Union ;  the  precise  locality  I  am  unable  to 
give. 

3.  E.  ctarysocoma  0.  S.     %  and   9.  — Flava,  alia  flaveacentibus, 
punctia  paucia  fuacia  ;  pedibus  uon»picue  fuaco-villoaulia. 

Yellow,  winga  yellowiah  with  a  few  brown  dota ;  feet  with  a  conapicuoua 
brown  pubeacence.     Long.  corp.  0.2 — 0.22. 

Syn.   Erioptera  chrysoconta  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  1859,  p.  226. 

Bright  yellow ;  palpi  brownish  ;  antennro  brownish,  basal  joints 
yellow  ;  those  of  the  male  have  a  dense,  even  pubescence  on  one 
side,  and  long  verticils  on  the  other.  Thorax  somewhat  more 
saturate-yellow  above,  in  well-preserved  specimens  with  obsolete 
hoary  lines,  visible  in  a  reflected  light,  and  indicative  of  the 
intervals  of  the  ordinary  stripes  ;  halteres  yellow ;  abdomen 
slightly  tinged  with  brownish  above ;  male  forceps  yellow,  the 
horny  appendages  likewise  ;  when  the  forceps  is  open,  a  pair  of 
internal  horny  appendages  become  perceptible,  the  tip  of  which 
is  black.  The  feet  are  rather  stout,  and  clothed  with  long  brown 
hairs,  which  makes  them  look  altogether  brown  ;  the  basis  of  the 
femora  on  the  front  feet  and  nearly  the  whole  femora  of  the  other 
two  pairs,  except  their  tip,  are  yellow,  and  devoid  of  this  brown 
pubescence  ;  the  front  feet  are  conspicuously  elongated.  Wings 
with  a  yellowish  tinge,  purely  yellow  along  the  anterior  margin, 
and  more  brownish  behind ;  the  costa  has  a  fringe  of  golden 
hairs,  especially  towards  the  apex ;  small  brown  dots  at  the  tip 
of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  on  the  marginal  cross-vein ; 
still  smaller  ones  on  the  subcostal  cross-vein  and  at  the  tips  of  all 
the  longitudinal  veins;  the  central  cross-veins  are  dark  brown, 


(-.  ■     ■•  'i 


EniOPTEIlA. 


167 


wliiMViis  tlio  other  veins  nre  ycllowish-browu  ;    costa  and  first 
loiiuiliidiiiiil  veins  yellowish. 
Jlab.    Washington,  1).  C,  and  farther  north;  not  rare. 

4,  E.   vesperlina  0.   S.     %   and    9- — Ochracea,  thorace   superne 

snttirate  rufo-fuHco  ;  }iuuitiris  sulphureo-tiavis  ;  alia  imiuauulati:) ;  vuiiis 

palliilis ;  halteribiis  llavis. 
Ocliiaceous,  thorax  of  a  saturate  reddisli-brown  above ;  humeri  Huljihur 

yellow  ;  wings  immaculate  ;  veins  pale ;  halteres  yellow.     Long.  corp. 

0.22—0.25. 

Sy.N.  Krioptera  vespertina  0.  Sackbn,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  18.^9,  p.  22G. 

Ochraceons,  witli  a  sliglit  brownish  tinge;  front  sulpliur  yellow, 
brown  in  the  middle;  rostrum  yellowish,  i)alpi  browni.sh;  anteniue 
l)n)Wiiisli ;  two  ))asal  joints  somewhat  pale,  but  infuscated  at  the 
tip;  ijasis  of  th(!  tlagelluni  likewise  pale.  Thorax  rcddisii-ltrowu 
abi»vo ;  the  usual  f(nir  stripes  hardly  indicated  by  faint,  yellow, 
dividing  lines ;  pleura;  yellowish,  very  slightly  hoary ;  humeri 
sidpliur  yellow  ;  halteres  yellow  ;  feet  slender,  brownish-ycdlow  ; 
alidomen  i)rownish-oehraceous ;  horny  appendages  of  the  male 
forceps  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  20)  brown  at  the  tip.  Wings  with  a  slight 
gniyish  tinge  ;   veins  pale. 

Ilab.  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Florida ;  Wisconsin  (Kcnuicott)  ; 
not  rare. 

a.  E.  chloropliylla  0.  S.     %  and  9 .— Pallide  viridis  tota. 

Altogether  pale  green.     Long.  corp.  0.2 — 0.25. 

Svx.  Krioptera  chlorophylhi  0.  Sackkn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  1859,  p.  226. 

Body  pale  green  ;  antenna;,  halteres,  veins,  genitals,  cte.  like- 
wise ;  the  eyes  aloue  being  black.  The  ovipositor  of  the  feyiale 
is  rather  long  ;  the  upper  valves  but  little  curved  (wing,  Tab,  I, 
fig.  1(1). 

Hah.  Middle  States ;  not  rare. 

6.  E.  straniinea,  n.  sp.     %  and  9  • — Pallide  flava  tota. 
Altngt'ther  pale  yellow.     Long.  corp.  0.2 — 0.23. 

The  whole  body,  including  the  wing-veins,  is  uniformly  pale 
vi'll.iw  ;  the  last  tarsal  joint  slightly  infuscated. 

For  a  long  time  I  took  this  species  for  a  mere  variety  of  E. 
<lili)r(ijihj/lla ;  1»ut  the  ujjper  valves  of  its  ovipositor  are  shorter 
and  uuich  more  arcuated. 
12 


iv^i 


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1^: 


158 


DII'TERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  rv, 


b.  Seventh  longitudinal  vein  straight, diverging  from  the  sixth; 

diHcnl  cfU  closed. 

*  The  fork  of  tlu'  ])o.sterior  branch  of  the  fourth  loiii,'!. 

tudiiial    vein    connists    of    two    gently    arcuiit.Ml 

branches:  subgenus  Acyphoiia  (coniiiire  p.  i.'.2;, 

7.  E.  voniista  0.  S.  %  and  J.— Alis  llavescentibus,  fasciis  d  :.ilms 
fuscis  ;   femora  ante  apiceui  annulo  fusco. 

Wings  yellowish,  with  two  brown  bands  ;  femora  before  the  apex  witli  n 
brown  band.     Long.  corp.  0.23. — 0.25. 

Syn.   Krioplcra  venitsia  0.  Sacke.n,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  1850,  p.  2127. 

IJody  l)ro\vn  ;  antenna)  palor  on  their  basal  half;  thorax  reddish 
above,  with  a  faint  indication  of  a  doubh?  stripe  in  the  nnddlc; 
genitals  reddish-yellow  ;  halteres  and  feet  palo  yellow ;  ffiiiura 
with  a  brown  band  before  the  tip;  on  the  front  femora  there  is 
an  iiulieation  of  a  second  band  about  the  middle  ;  win<,fs  (TmI).  1, 
lig.  IT)  pale  yellowish,  with  two  '  wn  baiuh ;  the  lirst  bejiiiis  at 
the  origin  of  the  pncfurca,  is  broadest  in  the  middle,  and  reaclns 
the  posterior  margin  so  as  to  include  the  tip  of  the  seventh  Imiiii- 
tudinal  vein  ;  the  other  band  lies  almost  entirely  beyond  tlif 
central  cross-vein  ;  it  runs  through  from  the  anterior  to  the  \w<- 
terior  margin  ;  it  is  almost  of  e(|ual  breadth  ;  it  includes  a  jiale 
s|)ot  at  each  end;  in  some  specimens,  the  spot  at  the  aiitcrinr 
margin  is  connected  with  the  yellow  of  the  apical  portion  of  tlic 
wing;  in  this  case  a  brown  spot  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudina! 
vein  is  isolated  from  the  band  ;  the  cross-vein,  closing  the  discal 
cell,  is  clouded;  the  tip  of  the  anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein 
and  the  tips  of  both  branches  of  the  fork  which  includes  the  third 
jiosterior  cell,  and  the  subcostal  cross-vein  are  likewise  clouded. 

JIab.  Middle  States ;  common  (I  have  seen  specinien>  from 
New  York,  Virginia,  Georgia,  Illinois,  Connecticut,  etc.), 

8.  E.  arniillariSf  n.  sp.  %  and  9*  —  -Alls  flavescentibus,  fascii 
media,  angusttl  ot  nebulis  parvis  in  venarum  initio  et  apice  sitis,  fuscis; 
femora  pallida,  fusco-anuulata,  vel  fusca,  pallido-annulata. 

Wings  yellowish,  with  a  narrow  brown  band  in  the  middle,  and  small 
lirownish  clouds  at  the  origins  and  at  the  tips  of  the  veins  ;  fenioia  pale, 
with  brown  bands  or  brown  with  pale  bands.     Long.  corp.  0.2;?— e.i">. 

IJody  brown;  antennte  paler  on  their  basal  half;  thorax  rcdili^li 
above,  with  a  faint  iudicatiou  of  a  doubh    stripe  in  the  niiihllc: 


EmOPTKRA. 


mo 


jronitiils  roddisli-yoHow  ;  Imltcri'S  yellow;  foot  pule  yellow;  llif 
fcMioni  of  some  si»i'('iiiiciis  arc  i»al<'  y('lh)W,  witii  ii  ltr..wii  liaiid 
liL'I'oiv  llie  tip  ;  ill  ulliiT  .s))i'c'iinciis  tlii-y  an;  dark  hrowii,  with  ii 
jMilr  l)iiiiil  ;  wiiiji's  ycllowisli ;  a  ii;  row  hrowii  i)and  runs  aloiijr 
the  central  eross-veiiis,  aiiW  goiierully  does  not  go  l)('y<jnd  tlie 
(rrciit  eross-veii) ;  s<»metiiiies,  however,  it  is  eonneeted  with  a 
(loin!  Ill  tl.e  end  of  the  anal  cell  ;  .wmall  brown  elouds  at  the  tip 
of  ill!  llic  veins  (except  the  thirdj,  on  the  sul)costal  and  the  diseal 
cioi^s-veins,  at  the  oriiriij  of  tin;  pra'fnrea,  and  the  inner  end  of 
the  third  post((rior  cell;  the  middle  portion  of  the  liCth  lonj,n- 
tudiiiid  vein  infiiscated  and  surronnded  liy  a  more  or  less  extended 
loiul,  which  sometimes  expands  so  as  to  coalesce  with  tint  spots 
at  the  oritrin  of  the  pnefurca  and  at  the  tip  of  the  seventh  vein, 
and  forms  a  band  not  nnliUe  the  inner  liand  of  ii'.  vcnunla. 

JIah.    Trenton  Falls,  X.  Y.  ;  Washinp'tun,  1).  C,  etc. 

This  s])eeies  is  in  all  respects  similar  to  U.  rennsta,  only  the 
brown  picture  of  the  wings  is  less  extended,  If  we  imagine  some 
of  the  spots  more  expanded,  two  bands,  perfectly  similar  in  shape 
1(1  those  of  L\  iriiiis/a  will  be  formed.  Still,  alihongh  I  have 
seen  nnnierous  specimens  of  /v.  vc)iut<la,  I  lound  its  pictnre  rather 
coii-tant,  and  I  have  not  observed  any  specimens  with  brown 
t'cinora,  as  they  occnr  in  7^',  arinillay'is.  The  following  species — 
E.  graphica — shows  also  the  most  striking  analogy  to  /.'.  nniiil- 
laris  in  the  distribution  of  the  spots  on  the  wings;  only  the  body 
as  well  as  the  wings  is  a  shade  darker  brown.  If  J'J.  fjraphira 
(lid  not  exist,  I  would  feel  less  hesitati<m  about  uniting  E.  nrmil- 
l(iri)i  and  vouifki ;  but  JJ.  (jraphica  is,  to  all  appearances,  nothing 
but  a  (lark  colored  ./v.  armillarifi,  and  anybody  would  hesitate  to 
consider  (jraphlva  and  vennxla  as  the  same  species.  I  invite  the 
aitt'iition  of  collectors  to  these  three  species. 

9.  r.  sirapliica  0.  S.  %  and  9. — Fusca,  alis  fuscescentibus,  fasciii 
iiii'(tia  aiii,'ustil  et  nehulis  ])luriuiis  fii-eis  ;  in  marinne  antico  inajoiibus, 
ill  |«istico  parvis  ;  femora  fusca,  aiinulo  ante  apicem  pallido. 

Brown,  wings  brownish,  with  a  narrow  brown  band  in  the  middle,  and 
iiuiiiernus  brown  clonds  ;  harger  ones  alons{  tbe  anterior,  smaller  ones 
along  the  posterior  margin.     Long.  corp.  0.25 — I". 27. 

Sy.n.  Eriopivra  grai  '  ira  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila.  1859,  p.  227. 

liody  l)rowniKh;  antcnnic  ])aler  at  the  basis  ;  thorax  yellowish- 
gray  above,  with  a  faint  browu  stripe,  divided  in  two  by  a  lougi- 


PJflfiJ 


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IGO 


DIPTKIIA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  tv, 


tudiiial  prayisl»  line,  in  tlic*  middle;  the  sides  of  the  mesoiKilinii 
ami  two  stripes  on  tlio  pleuni;,  durk  brown;  ui)doim!M  l)r()wii; 
hulteres  pale  ;  femora  durk  brown,  except  the  basis  of  the  uiileiinr 
Olios,  and  a  pale  bund  Home  distanee  before  tlie  tip ;  the  tips  of  ilic 
tiljiie  and  of  tlio  tarsi  likewise  infuseuted  ;  wiii^^s  with  a  slight 
brownish-gray  tinge  ;  a  brown  band  runs  along  the  central  cniss. 
veins;  broad  at  the  anteri(n' end,  it  soon  Itecomes  narrow;  tips 
of  all  th(!  veins  with  small  gruy  clouds;  similar  clouds  on  ihc 
discal  cross-vein,  and  at  the  inner  end  of  the  third  posterior  cell; 
the  clouds  at  the  tip  of  the  first  and  of  the  second  longilndiiml 
veins  are  larger;  the  liflli  longitudinal  vein  is  infuscated  iiinl 
clouded  at  the  two  intervals  before  the  great  cross-vein;  the 
cloud  on  the  second  infuscation,  in  connection  with  a  large  cldiij 
on  the  anterior  margin  and  another  cloud  at  the  tip  ot' the  sevinili 
longitudinal  vein,  form  an  interrupted  transverse  band;  the  veins 
are  infuscated,  whcu'ever  there  is  a  cloud  upon  them  ;  in  the 
intervals  of  the  clouds  the  veins  are  yellowish. 

JIdh.    Washington,  1).  C.     Caught  in  numliers. 

The  position  of  the  clouds  is  exactly  like  that  in  the  preoediiii: 
sp  -'Mes  ;  only  the  tinge  of  the  wings  is  darker,  and  the  clinids 
larger  and  darker.  The  coloring  of  the  body  of  both  species  is 
also  very  similar;  only  that  of  E.  gj'aphica  is  darker  (couipiUT 
the  observations  at  the  end  of  the  preceding  species). 

**  The  fork  of  the  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth  lonci- 
tudinal  vein  (containing  tlie  third  postcrinr 
cell)  has  an  angular  anterior  branch,  whiili 
emits  a  stiiinp  of  a  v«'iii  inside  of  the  disciil 
cell:  subgenus  Hoplolabia  (conip.  p.  I'i2), 

10.  E.  arniata  0.  S.  %  and  9  •— l''uscana;  abdominis  segmentornm 
margines  postici  pallidi ;  pedes  pallidi ;  aire  fnsco  niaculatie ;  veiiM' 
triincus  abruptus,  in  cellulam  discoidalem  porrectu.s. 

Brownish;  hind  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  pale;  feet  palf: 
viugs  with  bi'owu  spots  ;  a  stump  of  a  vein  inside  of  the  discal  cell. 
Long.  Corp.  0.23—0.25. 

Stn.   Erioptera  armata  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  227. 

Body  brownish  ;  thorax  yellowish-gray  above ;  stripes  indis- 
tinct ;  kni)b  of  the  halteres  infuscated  ;  abdomen  brown,  liiiul 
margins  of  the  segments  pale ;  feet  yellowish.  AVings  (Tali.  I, 
fig.  18)  with  five  or  six  brown  spots  along  the  anterior  margiu; 


KniOITRRA. 


MM 


tlic  I'li'^t,  II  sMiiill  lint,  is  fill  llic  limiicral  oross-vcin  ;  tlic  scm-oikI  at 
till  Miiiriii  <il'  tlu!  prii't'iirca  ;  it  docs  iu>l  iviu'h  tlu;  costa ;  the  third 
iMiii>  Irniii  till'  (iisla,  across  tlic  siilicnstal  cross-vciii  to  tlic;  pnv- 
I'mni ;  tin'  t'niiriii  spot  is  liir>.'r,  and  lies  lirtwccii  tlio  costa  iiiid 
the  iiiiu'r  end  of  tin-  first  siiimiiir^riiial  cell;  tlic  fourth,  t'luially 
liirffc.  covers  tlic  tip  of  (lie  first  loiii^itiidiiial  vein;  cross-veins 
int'iiscated  and  clctiided  ;  tips  of  all  the  lonjfitiidinal  veins,  except 
ilii.  third,  with  small  linnvii  clouds;  the  third  posterior  cell  is 
s(|imr<'  at  the  inner  end,  ami  emits  a  lon^  stump  of  a  vein  from 
till' aiijrlc  of  this  sipmrc  inside  of  the  discal  cell;  in  soino  speei- 
iiHiis  this  stiiiiip  roaches  tho  opposite  .side  of  the  cell,  uiul  thus 
divides  it  in  two. 

Udh.  Washington,  D.  C. ;  New  York  ;  Illlnoi.s  (LolJaron)  ; 
Wisconsin  (I'lke)  ;  usiiall}'  in  tho  .spring. 

The  mule  forceps  of  this  species  ('rail.  II,  fig.  14,  I4f/)  is  dis- 
tinguished hy  long  slender  horny  processes  (compare  the  descrip- 
tiuii  ill  the  explanation  of  the  jilates). 

2.  Tlie  anterior  branch  of  tho  fourth  longitudin.al  vein  is  forked  (in 
othur  wonts,  \vli«ii  tli«  di.scal  cell  is  open,  it  coali'scos  vvitli 
the  third  po.sterior  cell)  ;  when  the  discal  cell  i.s  closed  tho 
inner  ends  of  the  second  and  third  posterior  cells  are  nt^arly 
in  cue  lino:  subgenus  Mesocyphona  (cotupare  p.  I.'i2). 

11.  E.  caloptera  Say.     %  and  9  • — -^lis  fuscanis,  guttis,  guttulisque 

liuipidis. 

Wings  brownish,  with  hyaline  spots  and  smaller  dots.    Long.  corp.  0,15 — 

0,25. 

SvN.  Krlnptfta  cnliptcrn  Say,  .Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  17,  1. 
Kriiipttra  citlojitira  WiKi>.  Aiiss.  Zw.  I,  p.  2'^,  1. 
Jiriojitera  caloptera  0.  Sackk.n,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  yc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  226. 

Brownish-yellow,  thorax  with  a  whitish  tinge  above,  and  with 
two  (listiiiot,  dark  brown  stripes;  similar  stripes  on  the  plcuric  ; 
one  above,  another  in  the  middle,  and  a  third,  less  distinct  one, 
along  the  coxa;;  feet  whitish,  with  a  brown  band  before  tlie  tip 
of  the  femora.  Wings  brownish  (which  color  is  more  intense  on 
their  anterior  portion),  covered  with  numerous  white  spots ; 
those  along  the  margins  are  larger,  esjiecially  on  the  anterior 
one;  tho  e  in  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  in  the  subniarginal 
and  ])o,sterior  cells  (oxce)»t  the  fourth)  are  smaller,  nnmenjus, 
and  crowded  together;  a  hyaline  band  over  the  central  cross-veins. 
1  \      August,  1868. 


w  m.. 


ii ... 


'fm^'. 


i!.--": ."    ? 


r-'     '■    .  ; •'' 


"-='  v'ij 


'•  ■';;! 


V 


n 


102 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[PAllT  IV. 


Ilah.    United  States,  coinmon  ;  occurs  also  in  Cuba. 
Tiiii  Uiscai  cell  of  this  species  is  souietim*.  i  closed,  but  genoi'iillv 
open. 

13.  K.  parvil  0.  S.  %  and  J. — Alia  sublimpidis,  ncbulis  in  nuugine 
piuvi-s  novem  vel  decern  obsuuris. 

Wings  subliyaline,  nine  or  ten  small  dark  clouds  along  the  margin.  Long, 
corp.  (i.l.'J— 0.2. 

Sy.\.   Krioptera  parva  0.  Sacken,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18.')9,  p.  227. 

]5rownish-yellow,  thorax  paler  above,  with  two  distinct  dark 
brown  strii)es  ;  similar  stripes  on  the  pleural ;  feet  whitish,  with 
an  obscure  band  before  the  tip  of  the  femora.  "NVinj^s  with  a 
grayish  tinge;  small  gray  clouds  along  the  anterior  and  posleriur 
margins,  at  the  tips  of  all  the  longitudinal  veins  ;  those  of  tlit- 
anterior  margin  somewhat  larger ;  central  cros.s-veius  clouded. 
Discal  cell  open,  coalescing  with  the  third  posterior  cell. 

Hab.  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Orange,  N.  J.,  in  June,  not  rare; 
Dalton,  Ga.  The  coloring  of  its  body  is  very  like  that  of  E. 
valoptera. 

B.  The  prjBfurca  ends  in  the  first  ?  .'omarginal  cell,  which  is  longer  than 
the  second  ;  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell  (or  rather,  as  it  is 
always  open,  of  the  second  posterior  cell),  as  well  as  the  great 
cross-vein,  are  not  in  one  line  with  the  small  cross-vein,  but 
much  nearer  to  the  basis  of  the  wing  (Tab.  I,  fig.  19)  :  subgenus 
Molophilus  (compare  p.  153). 

13.  E,  ]ill1)ipeiiliis  0.  S.  J. — Flava,  fronte  et  humeris  snlpluueo- 
tlavis  ;  pedibus  anticis  fuscis  ;  alis  immacuiatis,  costa  et  apice  llavo- 
villosis. 

Yellow,  front  and  humeri  sulphur-yellow  ;  front  feet  brownish  ;  wings  im- 
maculate, costa  and  apex  with  a  golden-yellow  fringe  of  liairs.  Long. 
Corp.  0.2. 

Syn.   Erioptcra  pubipennis  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18r)9,  p.  i'li. 

Body  of  a  saturate  yellow  ;  front  and  margin  round  the  thorax 
sulphur  yellow;  this  margin,  if  viewed  in  a  certain  light,  lui.<  ;i 
hoary  reflection ;  mesonotum  reddish-yellow ;  i)a]pi  brown  ;  mi- 
temiic  pale,  brownish  at  the  tip ;  halteres  pale  yellow ;  fore  IVft 
brown,  clothed  with  blown  hairs;  the  two  other  pairs  yellow, 
with  tho  tips  of  the  tibia?  and  the  tarsi  brown  ;  wings  grayii^h, 
thickly  hairy  ;  costu  yellow,  with  a  fringe  of  golden-yell  nv  haii> 


EUIOPTEUA. 


i);3 


niiiniii};  also  rouml  the  apex,  Tlic  third  posterior  cell  is  sonie- 
wliiit  loiijier  than  tiie  lirst,  nearly  of  the  same  length  with  the 
second  marginal  eeil. 

Hah.    Washington,  D.  0. 

The  description  is  drawn  from  n,  number  of  female  ppecimens. 
I  possess  several  niale  specimens  from  I'ennsylvania,  which  are 
soinewliat  darker  in  coioriiig;  tiie  antennae  are  veiy  long,  but 
little  shorter  than  the  body;  l)rown,  basal  joints  yellow;  the  long 
fvliiidrical  joints  of  the  tlagellnm  clothed  with  long  hairs;  the 
sulpliiir  yellow  on  the  front  and  the  humeri  is  Diuch  lessi  striking  ; 
tilt'  lialtores  are  slightly  brownish  and  tiic  pubescence  of'  the 
anterior  margin  of  the  wings  lias  a  more  brownish  tinge.  I  am 
uucertain  whether  these  specimens  belong  to  the  same  species. 

14.  E.  llirlipeniliP  O.  S.  9-  —  I'usca,  griseo-pniiuosa,  antennis 
pallide  t'uscis  ;  ala;  iiniiiauulatin,  pulie  iiigresceiite. 

IJrown  witli  a  grayisli  bloom,  antuini:v  pale  brown ;  wings  immaculate, 
witli  a  l)lackish  pubesi-ence.     Long.  oorp.  0.2 — 0.25. 

Syx.  Erioptera  hirtipeiinin  O.  Sackkx,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  228. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brown  ;  antenmc  brownish  or  blackish ; 
secDixl  joint  generally  slightly  paler  ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  short 
subcylindrical ;  front  with  a  gray  bloom  and  some  scattered  hairs, 
which,  in  a  certain  light,  have  a  golden-yellow  reflection.  Thora.x 
dull  grayish-brown  ;  stripes  obsolete  ;  in  somewhat  immature 
sjteciniens  a  very  indistinct  pah;  longitiidinal  line  is  sometimes 
perei'i'ftible  ;  humeri  with  an  inconspicuous  pah;  yellow  spot; 
hiiltci'cs  brownish,  their  I)asis  pah;  ;  aljdonicn  grayish-brown,  with 
a  golden  yellow  pulx'scenee  ;  ovij)ositor  fi'rrugfinous  ;  feet  black- 
ish, co.\a!  and  basis  of  the  femora  paler  ;  wings  immaculate,  with 
a  blackish  i)ubescence  ;   root  of  the  wings  pale. 

Hub.  AVashington.  I).  C.  ;  Maryland;  the  ])res('iit  description 
M'as  drawn  from  four  fresh  specimens,  wiiirli  1  I'ouud  in  Orange, 
>'.  .1. 

l*i.  E.  foi'Cipillil,  11.  sp.  '^  and  9- — Viisca,  mesjonoto  [lalliili!  fiis- 
caiio,  aiitfiiiiis  f'liscis,  basi  jiallidis  ;  alidouifii  fuscum,  gi'iiitalia  llavida; 
al.Y  iiuiiiaculat;i\  pulw  t'uscaiia. 

Brown,  mfsoiidtum  pale  lirowiiisli.  antenna'  brf^n.  pa'fl  nt  tlu!  basi.'^  ;  aV 
duiiieii  liniwii,  ucnitals  vdhiwisli  ;  wing.s  iiiiuiMcuU^H^  witU  a  liyawnifll 
Jiiilicstence.     toiij;.  tioi^i.  C>.U — tt^i. 


■-:-^\ 


•■'Sfi*'.'' 


H- 


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ut 


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llir^i-  r 


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tii  fl,( 


U!i    1. 


ilJjl 


!  ■  I. 

10  ■    s  .1 


;J, 


ill 


104 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  TV. 


Roetrum  and  \):^\)i  brown;  aiitcniiie  In-own,  two  basal  joints 
pale  yellowish;  joints  of  tho  fliifrelhini  in  tlio  fomalo  nitlici- 
cIongattMl,  almost  cylindrical  ;  in  the  male  they  are  shorter;  I'miit 
l)rownish  with  a  gray  bloom  (the  male  has  sonic  yellow  on  the 
vertex).  Thora.x  pale  Ijrownish  above  ;  stripes  generally  ubs'  'dt' 
in  front,  sometimes  visible  on  the  posterior  i)ortion  of  the  w\os(i- 
notuni  :  hnineri  M'ith  rather  conspicnons  snlphnr-yellow  spots; 
haltcrcs  infuscatcd,  except  their  basis,  which  is  nalc ;  feet  brown, 
coxa;  and  biisi,-  of  the  femora  yellowish;  abdomen  brown,  with 
g(»l(len-ycllow  hairs;  its  tip,  inclndinsr  the  male  forceps,  is  yellow- 
ish ;  horny  appendages  of  the  male  dark  brown  ;  ovipositor  fer- 
ruginons ;  wings  immaculate,  with  palo  veins  and  a  brownish 
pubescence. 

JI(th.    South  Orange,  N.  J.  ;  three  specimens. 

This  si)ecies  is  most  closely  related  to  the  former,  but  will  he 
easily  distinguished  by  its  paler  coloring,  the  yellowish  biisid 
joints  of  its  antennae,  the  more  elongated  joints  of  tho  flagelhiiii 
in  the  female,  tho  more  distinct  sulphur  yellow  spot  on  the 
humeri,  etc. 

In  both  of  these  species  the  nudes  seem  to  bo  comparatively 
rare.  Having  found  recently  a  male  spcciiu'  u  of  A'.  fi)rci/>iila, 
I  examined  its  forceps,  which  has  a  v^.y  peculiar  structure: 
rather  large,  broad  at  the  basis,  showing  several  coriaceous 
appendages,  the  outer  ones  linear,  the  inner  ones  soniewliut 
foliaceous ;  each  half  of  the  forceps  bears  a  pair  of  brown  horny 
api)endages,  curved  against  each  other,  so  as  to  form  a  sei)arate 
little  forceps,  which  opens  and  shuts  when  the  large  forceps  is  ia 
motion.* 

16.   E.  Iirsina  O.  S.     %  . — Nigrescens,  pilis  longis  nigris  vestlta. 

Blackish,  clothed  with  long  black  hairs.     Long.  corp.  O.OS. 

Syn.   EriopUra  iirsiiia  0.  S.mken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  228. 

Grayish-black  ;  the  body,  the  veins,  and  tho  posterior  margin 
of  tho  wings  covered  with  long,  black  hairs,  which  appear  golden 
in  a  reflected  light;  hnlteres,  antennte,  and  feet  black.  Tlio 
venation  is  peculiar  and  different  from  that  of  the  two  precedinj; 

•  I\  farripuhi  has  hcen  added  since  tliis  volume  is  in  press  ;  for  this 
tt»ason  it  has  not  beeu  comprised  iu  the  numerical  data  given  ou  pago« 
3S  aud  '6*1^ 


with  liattfucd, 


•'"W 


TRTMICUA. 


105 


ppccios ;  tho  niari^iiial  cross-vein  is  almost  on  ono  line  witli  tlio 
iiiiui'  end  of  tlio  lirst  siibniarjrinal  cell;  llie  latttT  is  hut  very 
liiilc  aiilorioi"  to  tlu.'  innt'i-  end  of  tlio  scc-ond  snhniarjiinal  and 
|ii<l  [(ostorior  fells;  tlie  third  posterior  cell  is  niiieli  shorter  than 
llic  first  (tiie  venation  can  of  course  be  perceived  only  when  tho 
liairs  iire  nii)l)ed  olf). 

lldb.  \Vasliiii<!,'ton,  I).  C,  and  3Iarylatid  ;  forms  clouds  in  tho 
<\)\-\\\'S,  near  runninu,-  waters.  'I'his  species  seems  to  be  very  liko 
the  Knropeaii  E.  marina  Meig.  ;  but  1  have  liad  no  opportunity 
lui'  a  com[)arisoii. 

Gen.  XVIII.    TKIIfllCKA. 

Two  sutmi.ircinal  cells;  fmir  ])<)steri<)r  cells;  a  discal  cell;  the  second 
loiiL'itiiiliniil  vein  originates,  at  a  iiidre  or  less  acute  angle,  het'ore  the 
niiiMIe  of  the  length  of  the  wing  ami  a  considerable  distance  (more  than 
till'  liieadtli  of  the  wing)  before  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  the  sub- 
costal cross-vein  is  at  a  considerable  distance  (three  lengths  of  the  great 
cross-vein,  or  more)  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  seventh  longi- 
tii.liiKil  vein  straight.  Wings  and  their  veins  glabrous  (Tab.  II,  (ig.  1). 
.\iitcnnii'  lil-Jointed;  lltrec  lust  Joints  of  thi  j'iniillinn  (ilniiptlij  smaller.  Tibiio 
withcul  spurs  at  the  tip  ;  nngn(>s  small,  smooth  on  the  under  side,  inseited 
uiiiler  a  projection  of  the  last  tarsal  joint  :  euipodia  small,  but  distinct. 
Fdrccps  of  the  male  with  large,  incrassatcd  basal  pieces,  a.ul  a  double 
claw  shaped  horny  appendage  fastened  to  them  on  each  side  ;  ovipositor 
with  llattened,  curved,  pointed  upper  valves  and  short  lower  ones. 

Ivostruni  and  palpi  short ;  eyes  glabrous,  separated  above  by  a 
moderately  broad  front  and  almost  contiguous  below.  Antennae 
of  nioderale  length,  or  rather  short,  as  they  would  iiardly  reach 
the  mot  of  the  wings,  if  bent  l)ackwards  ;  joints  of  the  flagelluni, 
cs|H'cially  the  basal  ones,  short,  ()l)loiig  or  subcyliiulrical.  with 
moderate  verticils;  tho  three  last  joints  of  the  antenna'  are 
ahniplly  snmller  than  the  ]irece<ling  oiu's  (this  peculiarity  may 
lie  iKTccived  even  in  dry  s])ecimens).  Feet  cotni)aratively  h)ng, 
iiinn'  or  less  clothed  with  hair,  soinctinies  conspicuously  hairy; 
iiitorauMliiite  ]>air  conii)aratively  siiort  ;  femora  sometimes  I'on- 
si»icu(Uisly  incrassate(l  at  the  tip.  The  position  of  the  ungues 
iimliT  a  ])rojection  of  the  last  tarsal  joint,  which  likewise  exists 
i;i  Miiuc  degree  in  Erinjifcrn  and  Si/miilcrtn,  is  purlicidurly  strik- 
ing here.  The  forceps  has  very  stout  f)asal  pieces,  ch»sely  applied 
tocMih  other  (iiiid  not  with  an  opi'U  interval  l)et\veen  them,  us  in 
i>[lu,j>lc(Aa).     The  wings  (Tab.  II,  fig.  1)  are  rather  long  \xiA 


!^' 


it.'-;: 


1  y-.  If 


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1        '..f 

'  -'-ii 

':  ■^' 

"S 

1     —*vt 


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'I! 


m 


w^ 


ICG 


DIPTEUA  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


[I'AIiT  IV. 


•J 


liM 


foiiipiiniLivel;,  narrow.  Tlio  voiiatioii  lias  iiotliing  al)nonnal,  ami 
strikes  at  (jiice  by  {\w  straiglit  foiu'sc  and  tlio  paralU'lisiu  of  ihc 
veins  cndinji;  in  the  apex  of  the  \vin<^,  between  the  latter  poi'iidu 
of  tlie  lirst  longitudinal  vein  and  the  second  posterior  cell ;  hciice 
the  rather  long  lirsl  antl  second  subi.'iurginal  and  lirst  posteridi' 
cells  have  parallel  sides  and  are  narrow  and  linear.  Discal  cdl 
subtriangular ;  tlie  great  cross-vein  a  little  anterior  to  it;  iIip 
auxiliary  vein  ends  opposite  the  marginal  cross-vein  ;  the  tiist 
longitudinal  vein  some  distance  beyond  it;  the  origin  of  tlio 
second  longitudinal  vein  is  some  distance  before  the  middle  of 
the  anteri(n'  margin  ;  the  priel'iirea  is  straight,  and  its  curvature 
near  its  origin  is  none  or  almost  none;  ])etioIe  of  the  first  sub- 
marginal  cell  shorter  than  the  great  cross-vein;  the  nuirginul 
cross-vein  is  a  trifle  beyond  the  inner  end  of  the  lirst  subnnii'ginal 
cell ;  the  sixth  as  well  as  the  seventh  longitudinal  veins  are  nearly 
straight.  The  stigma  is  almost  imi)erceptible,  hardly  nnirked  at 
all.  The  venation  of  the  European  T.  pilipcs  and  the  >«urlli 
American  T.  (uioDKihi.  are  exactly  alike. 

2'n'inicra  forms  a  lUTtural  transition  between  Erioptera  ami 
Chiuiu'.n  on  one  side  and  Hyinplecla  on  the  other.  The  position 
of  its  sul)costal  cross-vein  and  of  the  origin  of  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  proves  its  relationship  to  Erioiitera.  Sijinplfrla 
possesses  the  same  characters,  somewhat  weakened  however;  its 
priKfurca  is  more  distiiu'tly  arcuated  near  its  (n-igin,  and  this 
origin  is  somewhat  less  near  the  basis  of  the  wing;  moreover  it 
has,  like  Trimicra,  the  great  cross-vein  somewhat  anterior  id  tin; 
discal  cell.  I>ut  although  the  sinuatcd  course  of  the  sevi'iith 
longitudinal  vein,  ami  the  structure  of  the  male  genitals  ^iilll- 
ciently  distinguishes  Si/inplcctd,  both  genera  are  very  closily 
allied.  The  European  species,  Si/nijilcvla  .sliclica  and  f<iinili.<, 
are  very  like  Trimicra  in  outward  api)earance,  but  I  have  liinl 
no  opportunity  to  examiiu)  the  structure  of  their  forcejis.  Anioiiu- 
the  Erioptenxi  with  short  hairs  along  the;  veins  sonu'  might  pii'- 
hai)s  be  mistaken  for  Trimicnv.  ])Ut  the  piiljescence  of  the 
wing-veins  of  this  genus  is  much  more  nunute,  hardly  ]mi'- 
coptible;  the  seventh  longitudinal  vein  runs  straight  to  the  pus- 
terior  margin,  the  axillary  cell  being  broadest  near  the  nmrgin ; 
the  inner  ends  of  the  second  and  third  iiosferi<ir  cells  are  mi  eiio 
line,  undoing  it  appear  doubtful  which  of  the  brandies  ol  \<.<\ 
fourth  lonyitudiuui  vein  is  furcate.     The  Erioplcrm  of  tht  £(•;•>  on 


\m\ 


J 

r-: 


TRIMICUA. 


IG7 


wlipre  tlic  short  ])ubesccncc  occurs  (subg.  Erwplcra  nol».)  liavc! 
the  .seventh  vein  areuiited,  its  tip  being  appritxinmted  to  liie  tip 
of  tlie  preceding  vein,  tiie  tliird  posterior  eel!  is  longer  than  the 
second,  showing  distinctly  tlnit  it  is  tlie  posterior  l)rancli  of  the 
fourtii  longitudinal  vein  which  is  forked,  etc.  I  have  Ijci'orc  uie 
a  luu'opean  /•yn'o/i/crti  of  that  kind  {Litnnohia  ciliaris  Schnni.  ?), 
the  appearance  of  which,  at  lirst  sight,  is  very  deceptive,  as  its 
venation  in  most  p(jints,  and  its  coloring,  are  not  uidike  those 
of  Triinic}-a. 

^Vhen  I  first  established  this  genus  (I'roc.  Acad.  Xdl.  Sd. 
riiildd.  iSdl,  p.  2'.)(t)  upon  a  small  North  American  species,  f 
was  not  at  ail  aware  of  the  existence  of  the  Kuroi)ean  T.  ju'lijics 
Fab.,  a  much  larger  and  more  striking  form,  the  true  type  of  tin; 
genus.  All  the  characters,  indicated  by  me  at  that  time  as  dis- 
tinctive of  the  genus,  are  to  be  found  strongly  nuirked  in  T.  pilijn'.-^. 
The  genus  Gitoidtonujia  of  the  Fauna  Auslrlaca  {Diideru)  is  not 
Oiiopliotnijia  O.  S.,  but  Triniicra. 

]5esides  Europe  and  North  America,  Trimicra  has  been  found 
ill  Mexico,  South  Aiueri'.'a,  South  Africa,  and  Australia.  I  have 
seen  a  species  from  Mi'xico  in  ^\\\  Bellardi's  C(dlectioii  ;  one  from 
Montevideo  in  the  IJerlin  Museum.  Lininob/a  Ji(r/i])c.-<  \\'n\k. 
iLi.<t,  etc.,  I,  p.  50),  from  the  Swan  (liver,  Australia,  and  (/iio- 
jilidiiti/ia  iiujonspicna  lioew,  from  CallVaria  {/Icrl.  Hnhnn.  Z. 
isiii),  p.  5'.)),  are  Tr'imicrse.  Dr.  Schiner  (/I'c/.sc  </.  Aoca/v/,  etc., 
pp.  \'l,  43)  describes  two  .species  from  the  i.sland  of  St.  Paul  (  T. 
oiilnrrUva  and  T.  i^t,  pauJi),  and  one  (  T.  sidnci/t'iiKiK)  from  Sidney. 
Those  species  which  I  have  seen,  although  coming  from  distant 
parts  of  the  world,  are  very  much  alike  in  coloring. 

The  name  (from  nifij,  three,  and  /itxpoj,  small)  alludes  to  the 
small  size  of  the  terminal  joints  of  tlie  antenme. 

Description  of  ihe  sjirrirfi, 

]•   T.  nilOIliala  0.  S. — Fu.scano-cinerfa,  tlioraco  lineis  trilnis  t'liscis, 
ali.s  imuuiculatis,  uiodice  fiisuescfUtibus  ;  anteiiniri  iiigris. 

Binwiiisli-iiray,  thorax  witli  tliMH'  brown  lines,  wings  immaculate,  some- 
what tinged  with  hrowiiish  ;  ant^'imiu  black.      Long.  corp.  (>.:> — O.;!;'). 

Sy.n.    Tiiiiiicra  iDionidla  O.  S.\rKi;.\,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  IStll,  p.  li'.)o. 

Brovnish-gray  ;  vertex  brownish  in  the  middle,  with  a  dark 
line  exteiideii  over  the  front;  the  latter  j-ellowj^h  yij.  the  ^'uW*, 


[     .. 


>M 


■  I 


.  1   t 


1^ 

f 

m 


m 


I 


imiiti. 


!    t, 


!f!?^ 


108 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMEllICA. 


[I'AIlT  IV. 


:H-. 


aloiiji'  lilt'  nrbits  of  tlic  eyes;  antoiiiia)  anil  [)a]\n  blackisli-brown  ; 
till'  spiice  ()('('ii|tiL'(l  hy  llio  usiiiil  slripos  on  llie  nicsonotuin  is 
hntwiiisli,  witli  tlirt'c  dark  brown  lines;  tiie  intfrniudialc  one  is 
osin'ciiilly  (iistiiict  ;  llu(  iatoral  ones  are  cnrvctl  anteriorly  and 
extended  Iteyond  tiio  suture  posteriorly;  tin;  Imineral  region  is 
yellowish  ;  pleune  hoary  below,  witli  a  lirown  stripe  between  the 
ecdhire  and  the  root  of  the  lialteres;  nietatliorax  l»rownish,  with 
a  hnaiy  bloom  ;  lialteres  yellowisii,  sonK'tiines  infnseated  ;  feet 
brownish,  tip  of  the  femora  broadly,  tip  of  the  tibia'  only  a  little 
infnseated  ;  alulomen  brown,  the  lateral  iiiarfiins,  as  well  as  those 
of  the  siiif^lo  seji'iiients,  paler;  foreeps  of  tin;  male  reddish. 
AViiiffs  slightly  tinged  with  brownish;  cross-veins  with  hardly 
pcreeptible  brownish  clouds. 

Jlah.  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  New  Kocliello,  \.  Y.  ;  Xewp.Tt, 
K.  1.  ;  in  June,  also  in  August  and  Sejiteniber ;  always  near 
water. 


Gen.  XIX.    CIIIO\EA. 

Xo  trill  (js.  Antenn.T  (J-iointed,  strnctm-e  atmormal  ;  feet  stoat,  hairy; 
aVidoiiu'ii  sliort ;  last  st'sjineiit  very  large,  suljulobiilai',  iiKdosing  tlie  liasis 
of  the  forceps  ;  the  latter  coniparatively  la'tre  and  sstronsr,  with  strotii^ 
claw-shaiied  ajiiieiidatres  ;  ovipositor  pointed  ;  the  upper  and  lower  valves 
divaricated  at  the  basis. 

Head  rounded,  front  convex;  rostrum  short;  palpi  with  four 
.ssliort  joints ;  first  joint  of  the  antennae  cylindrical,  elongated; 
the  second  of  e(pial  length,  club-shaped  at  the  tip;  the  third 
.short  conical ;  the  remainder  of  the  antenna  slender,  filiform, 
with  three  joints;'  joints  of  the  scapus  pubescent,  those  of  the 


flagellum    with    rather    long    verticil? 


Tliorax    conniarativelv 


small ;  the  transverse  suture  visible  at  the  sides  only  ;  scutelliini 
short  and  broad ;  last  al)donunal  segment  very  large,  rounded  on 
the  under  side,  inclosing  the  basis  of  the  forceps.  Feet  stout, 
coniparatively  long,  hairy;  coxse  large;  the  hindmost  femora 
(aecording  to  Dr.  Harris)  arc  very  thick  and  somewhat  bowed  in 
the  males;  tibiiB  without  spurs  at  the  tip;  empodia  distinct; 
ungues  smooth  ;   the  fourth  joint  of  the   tarsi   is   somewhat  iii- 


crassated  on  the  under  side,  at  the  Inisi^ 


Halt 


eres  s 


liort, 


Willi 


'  For  the  nnniher  of  antennal  joints  1  rely  upon  Dr.  Sehiiier  (/'iiiniu 
Austr.  I>ijil.  II,  )).  TiTo),  who  had  se^-n  liviiii;  speeiiiieiis.  It  seems  to  me 
that  I  can  eouut  foijr  joints  in  the  only  siieiinien  in  my  possession. 


8!  '  !-■ 


CIIION'EA. 


1C9 


a  large  knob.  "  Tlic  bofly  of  (ho  fcinalo  ends  in  a  swonl-sluipcil 
borer,  resembling  tliat  of  a  grasshopper.''    (Harris.) 

Tlie  relationsliip  of  Vhionea  has  been  d'seussed  un  p.  loO. 

Tliese  in.set'ts  oeeur  on  snow  in  winter;  the  larviv  live  under- 
ground, apparently  ui)on  vegetable  matters,  and  have  Iteen  de- 
scribed in  detail  l)y  Brauer  (  Verb.  ZooL  Jlof.  Vcr.  in  Wicn.  llS.')4). 

Chionea  (from  x'^'^v,  snow)  arancvides  has  lieen  deseril)ed  for 
■the  first  time  by  Dalwian,  in  l.SK)  (/v.  Vcfcnb^\  Acad,  llatidl.  bSlC, 
102;  Tab.  J  I,  fig.  2).  A  second  Kurojiean  species,  Ch.  i-7'(i)<sipcs, 
has  I)cen  described  since  by  Boheman.  Harris  (fn.t.  of  M(i.<s. 
Jiijnr.  to  Veget.  1841)  first  mentioned  the  American  species,  (Jh. 
viiJijd.  Later,  Mr.  Walker  descril)ed  two  North  American 
('hidiicT,  (Jh.  anpcra  and  ^cda,  the  former  of  which  is  ])rolKdily 
synonymous  with  Ch.  vuUja.  The  descriptions  of  ^Ir.  Walker's 
s^pecies  are  reproduced  in  the  Ai)i)endi.\  I  to  this  volume. 

1  have  never  had  an  oi)portunity  to  observe  any  sj)ecies  of  this 
genus  alive,  and  possess  only  a  single,  somewhat  mutilated  sjx'ci- 
iiieii  of  one  of  the  North  American  species.  Partly  from  this 
specimen,  partly  from  Dr.  ]Iarris's  and  Dr.  Schincr's  statements 
{Fauna  Aui^tr.  1.  c.)  the  foregoing  generic  dcscri}»tion  has  been 
drawn.  Assuming  tliat  my  specimen  is  Chionea  vulja  llarr.,  I 
describe  it  under  this  name. 

Description  of  the  species, 

!•   C.  valga  ITakr,     %  . — Rufa,  fascescens,  pedibns  pallidioribus. 

Browiii.^h-red,  feet  paler.     Long.  corp.  0.22. 

SiN.    Chioiita  vdli/it  IIarkis,  Ins.  Injur,  to  Veget.  etc.  1841. 
Cliinnia  aspc  .v  W.\lki;u,  List,  etc.  I,  p.  82. 

Head  brownish-red,  in  a  reflected  light  the  front  and  vertex 
phow  a  hoary  bloom;  palpi  brown;  front  with  an  imi)resse(l 
tnuisverse  line  between  the  eyes  ;  vertex  l)r()ad,  rounded,  sparsely 
clothed  with  erect,  blackish,  rather  long  hairs;  the  brownish  aii- 
tonuie  are  but  little  longer  than  the  head,  from  the  point  of  its 
eoimection  with  the  collare  to  the  extremity  of  the  labium  (llieir 
di'scription  is  given  al)0vc).  Thorax  reddish-brown  (injured  by 
the  pin  in  my  specimen);  halteres  brownish-yellow.  Al)donicn 
short,  pubescent  with  yellowish,  segments  contracted  (at  least  in 
tlic  dry  specimen'),  so  that  the  last  joint,  which  is  horny  and  siiti- 
trloliultir,  appears  to  be  larger  iu  size  than  the  remainder  of  the 


m 


,, 


., 


■'■;    2 


i '  '  ♦  ? 


I 


i 


us 

m 


::■!:- 


170 


DII'TKHA  OF  NOUTIt  AMKllICA. 


[I'AIIT  IV. 


tfw.':' 


ali(l(iiii('ii  ;  tlio  c'i»l(tr  of  tlio  iibduiiicii  is  jkiIc  hrowiiisli  ;  liisl  jninr 
r('(l(li.sli-l)r()\vii,  witli  brownish  hairs,  c'S})('(MnIiy  on  its  rounded 
under  siih;  ;  its  iipiKM'  side  convex,  witii  lui  ojten  spiiee  luluw 
(fornieate)  ;  foreeps  liir<ro,  reddish;  iiorny  appenchi^n's  slont, 
elaw-sliaped,  ending  in  a  ratiier  l)iuiit  jjoint.  Feet  paler  lliiin 
the  l»ody,  re(Misii-yello\v,  ratiier  uiiif'orndy  lieset  willi  lonjr,  l)lacl<- 
isli  liairs  ;  tlu'  hairs  on  tlie  under  side  of  tlio  first  tarsal  joint  are 
sliorter,  but  denser  than  tliose  on  tlie  upper  side;  undi'r  side  of 
tile  following  joints  with  a  niicroscopie  pnlieseenee  ;  under  side 
of  the  last  joint  not  oxeised  in  the  male;  the  len-iMli  of  the 
femora  is  e(pial  to  about  three-ipiarters  of  the  length  of  the  IhhIv. 
Jlab.    jNIassachusetts  ;  Canada  (Harris). 


'i     : 


Wi   ':i^ 


Gen.  XX.    SVIWPI.ECTA. 

Two  siibniargiiinl  rcll.s  ;  four  posterior  cells  ;  discal  cell  closed  ;  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  originates  before  the  middle  of  the  length  of  the 
wing  and  at  a  considerahle  distance  (ahout  ecjnal  to  the  breadth  of 
the  wing;  before  the  tip  of  the  anxiliary  vein  ;  tlio  sal  corital  cro.-^s-vein 
is  at  a  considerable  distance  (three  lengths  of  the  great  cross-vein  or 
more)  from  the  tip  of  the  anxiliary  vein;  tlu' seventh  loiif/iiudiintl  rdn  is 
titrdiii/li/  liisiniuitid  (Tab.  I,  fig.  2(',  wing  of  .S'.  jiinicti/icrniis).  Wings  and 
their  veins  glabrous.  Antenna)  lii-jointed.  Tiliia'  witliout  spurs  at  th« 
tip;  ungues  small,  empodia  distinct.  The  forceps  of  the  male  consists  of 
two  elongated  sul)cylindrical  basal  pieces,  witli  two  l)lunt  horny  np]ieii(l- 
ages  attached  to  eacli  of  them  (Tab.  IV,  lig.  21,  forcejis  of  X.  pinic/ijK niiis, 
from  above).  Ovipositor  with  curved,  pointed  upper  valves  and  short 
lower  ones. 

TIh'  eloso  relationsliip  between  this  genus  and  Trimicra  \\\\< 
already  been  pointed  out  under  the  head  of  the  latter  genus. 
However,  tlii!  three  terminal  joints  of  the  aiiteiuiai  are  not  ab- 
ruptly suuiller,  the  wings  are  somewhat  l)roader,  the  seeoiid  vein, 
after  originating  from  the  first,  describes  a  gentle  eurve  (and 
therefore  does  not  form  an  aeute  angle  with  the  first)  ;  tlio 
seventh  longitudinal  vein  is  liisinuated,  not  straight;  the  basal 
pieces  of  the  foreeps  are  subeylindrieal,  elong.ated,  and  not  so 
much  incrassated  as  in  Trimivra,  leaving  a  large  interval,  (lis- 
tiiuitly  perceptible  even  in  dry  specimens,  between  them  and  the 
horny  appendages,  'i'lie  structure  of  the  feet  is  the  same,  and 
the  ungues  are  also  inserted  under  n  slight  projection  of  the  last 
tarsal  joint. 

Meigeii  adopted  thin  genus  in  18.50  ( Mti(j.  Zwrijl.  etc.  VI,  p. 


SYMl'LECTA. 


171 


28'2).  Since  tlion,  it  lins  Ix'cii  retained  l)y  all  tlio  subsequent 
initlioi's.  Its  nanio  (from  ovi',  with,  and  nx;xw,  to  eunneet)  alludes, 
]  su|»i)iise,  to  tlie  HUpernuinerary  eross-vein  of  S.  pidicliiiciinifi. 
A  liitle  earlier  than  Mei^^en,  in  1.S2.'),  St.  Fiirgeau  (/'Jiici/cl. 
Mi'llmd.  Inx.  Vol.  X,  p.  5.sr))  proposed  to  eall  tliis  genus  Ilrbihia. 
.Meigeu'.s  name,  as  that  given  by  the  monographer  of  the  order 
iiiid  consecrated  by  a  long  usage,  ought  not  to  be  superseded. 

Three  Kurojx'an  species  are  known  ;  one  of  them,  which  has  a 
superiiuinerary  cross-vein  in  the  first  snbnuirgihal  ceil,  occurs  also 
ill  Aiiicrica  (.S.  piiinliiK'niiis).  In  this  s})ecies  it  is  tlie  posterior 
linnicli  of  the  fcjurth  longitudinal  vein  which  is  forked  ;  in  the 
t\v(i  oilier  species  (,S.  .^hnilix  and  atUiiva)  it  is  the  anterior  oik' ; 
this  is  indicated  in  each  case  by  the  shape  of  tlie  discal  cell. 
Like  Ti'imicra,  the  three  species  of  SipDjdi'cta  have  the  great 
cross- vein  anterior  to  the  inner  eiul  of  the  (lisc(d  cell,  and  rather 
ohliijue.  The  supposed  new  genus  and  species  [ilituiritra  vid- 
vrnplera  Philippi  (  Vcrh.  Zool.  Hut.  Gc><elhch.  1805,  p.  (llf),  'I'ab. 
XXIII,  fig.  4),  is  undoubtedly  Hymjilecla,  and  not  at  all  unlikely 
the  same  H.  jmnctipenyiis  M, 

Description  of  tlie  Kprctes, 

].  S.  iilinctipennis  0.  S.  %  and  9. — Cinerea,  thoracis  vittis  trilms 
fuscirt ;  alls  alliicantibus,  venis  transversis  obscure  nebulosis ;  veiiul3, 
transversa  supernunieraria  in  cellulil  marginali  secundd,. 

(iray,  thorax  witli  three  brown  stripes,  wings  whitish,  cross-vein.-'  clomled  ; 
a  supernumerary  cross-vein  in  the  second  marginal  cell.  Long.  corp. 
(1.23—0.25. 

Sys.  Limudbid  piiiiclijimnis  "MEia.  Eur.  Zw.  Ins.  I,  p.  147;  Tab.  V,  fig.  7. 
Sijmplecta  ptiiictijieniiis  Mrio.  1.  c.  VI,  p.  283. 

Si/mplectu  piiiirfi/)ein>i!i  O.  Sacken,  Proe.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  ISaO,  p.  2'.'8. 
Si/iiijilecfit  cava  Walk.  List,  etc.  I,  p.  48. 

Head  gray,  anteiinsE  and  palpi  black;  thorax  gray,  hoary  on 
the  ])leura' ;  three  distinct  brown  stripes  above ;  the  lateral  ones 
cross  the  transverse  suture  ;  knob  of  thi'  halteres  infuscated  ;  feet 
'ii'owu;  abdomen  gray,  darker  above;  wings  (Tal).  I,  fig.  20)  with 
a  whitish  tinge;  a  supernumerary  cross-vein  about  the  middle  of 
the  lirst  submarginal  cell  ;  the  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  is  forked,  and  hence,  the  inner  end  of  the  third 
posterior  cell  is  ncHver  the  bftsis  of  the  wing  than  the  inner  in»l 


m 

'.  '■'■.•'•■,':■ 

'■'•■  '  %^  ■. 

lit:: 


P. 


I 


« 


172 


DTPTllRA  KK  NOUTH  AMKUirA. 


[part  IV 


of  till!  second;  tlu!  first  is  pointi'd,  tl.c  Iiitlcr  s()Hiiri' ;  tlio  jiTciit, 
cruss-VL'iii  is  some  distance  iintt-rior  to  liic  di>cal  cell;  all  tin' 
cross-veins,  the  oriixin  of  tlio  jM'a'I'ureii,  and  tlio  lip  of  llie  iir>i. 
lonjt'itndinal  vein  are  clouded  with  brownish-jri'ay. 

Connnon  everywhere  in  tlu!  spriiij^  and  in  antninn.  I  possess 
specimens  from  Washinirton,  J).  ('.  ;  Mol)iie,  Ala. ;  Mew  York; 
Canada;  illinois  (Kennieott).  'I'he  snpernunierary  cross-vein  (if 
the  lirst  snl»inarji:inal  cell  is  wanting  iu  hoiuc  specimeus;  the  disral 
cell  is  sonietimes  open. 


))     '• 


Gen.  XXI.    (JIVOPIIOMYIA. 

Two  suliniarpiniil  cells;  four  posterior  cells;  a  discal  cell;  the  sccdiii 
loniiituilinul  vein  oiiginutes  somewhat  hefore  tho  niiilillt;  of  tint  aiitfiinr 
luaii^iii,  a  coiisiihiialilo  distanct)  anterior  to  the  tip  of  the  au.xiliary  vein  ; 
pra'furca  very  sliglitly  arcuated  at  tlie  basis,  nearly  straight ;  suhuostnl 
cross-Vein  at  a  small  or  moderate  distaiu-e  (hardly  exceeding  the  Inirtli 
of  the  great  cross-vein)  from  the  tip  of  the  aaxiliary  vein  ;  seventh  lini.'i- 
tndinal  vein  nearly  straight.  Wings  glal)rous  (excejjt  an  almost  niiem- 
Seojiic  pnheseeiice  in  the  apical  cells  of  (i.  hirliitisa).  Antenna'  lil-jdinicl. 
Tibiie  without  spurs  at  the  tij) ;  tarsi  with  distinct  empodia.  The  foreeps  n( 
the  male  (Tab.  IV,  lig.  I!),  forceps  of  <i.  Irisli.i.siiitd  when  open)  con-i>ts 
of  two  comparatively  short  basal  pieces,  and  a  pair  of  elaw-shaped  hdniy 
appendages  ;  a  second  pair  ol'  horny  appendages,  below  the  first,  is  shditt  r 
an<l  stouter. 

IJody  and  feet  rather  stout ;  the  latter  of  moderate  lenutli, 
their  i)ubcsccnce  short;  femora  slif^htly  incrassated  before  the 
tip.  Front  broad,  very  convex ;  eyes  glabrous,  almost  contieii- 
ous  on  the  under  side  ;  rostrum  short ;  palpi  of  moderate  lenjitii ; 
last  joint  somewhat  elongated.  Anteniue  lO-jointcd  ;  when  brut 
backwards  they  reach  a  little  beyond  the  root  of  the  wings  in 
both  sexes  ;  joints  of  the  flagellum  elongated,  snbeylindrieal  iu 
G.  trif<tif<xima ;  short,  subglobnlar  iu  G.  Imiuot^a;  verticils  niiu'li 
longer  in  the  former  than  in  the  latter.  CoUare  someuliat 
elongated  in  G.  IriMinfiima ;  short  and  stont  in  G.  liictuosit. 
Suture  of  the  thorax  distinct.  The  wings  are  rather  Ijroad  in  (I. 
luctuona;  narrower  in  G.  /r/.s//8.s'/»ia  (Tab.  II,  fig.  5,  wing  of  <l. 
t7'islit!i<iina).  Tli(^  marginal  cross-vein  is  close  by  the  inner  ciiti 
of  the  first  sulmiarginal  cell;  the  great  cross-voin  is  more  or  le-^> 
posterior  to  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell  ;  the  latter  elmigaii  d  ; 
the  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  longitudinal  veins  are  ni'arly  straight 
(more  details  about  the  venation  and  the  dillereuces  between  that 


GNOPIIOMYIA. 


1T8 


of  tlif  two  North  American  npocics  will  bo  j^ivcn  1)p1o\v  in  the 
(iL'scriptioii  ot"  those  speeies).  'I'iic  iioniy  iippciKhijfcs  of  tiio  for- 
ceps of  (/.  trif<tiKsima  lire  rciiitukaltly  slciiilor,  aiino.it  linear  and 
poiiitiMl ;  the  forn.'sjiontlinj?  appciiiiiij^cs  of  G.  Iiirtuonn  seem  to 
Ik'  shorter.  Tlie  ovipositor  of  tlio  female  {(/.  /r/W /,>•.%•//»«;  Ims  liio 
upper  valves  of  moderate  length  and  breadth  (Tal).  IV,  ti<r.  lU, 
fl);  inerassated  and  nreuated  on  the  inidcr  ttidn  at  the  basis, 
wliirli  ffives  a  peenliar  appearanec  to  their  maniicr  of  atlaclnnenl  , 
tlie  lower  valves'  are  very  .short,  reaehing  but  little  beyond  the 
i)asis  of  the  upper  pair. 

Closely  allied  us  (inojihomyia  is  to  Trimicra  and  St/mjilccid, 
it  may  at  onee  be  distinguished  by  the  posiliun  of  the  -nlicnslal 
eruss-vein,  whieli  is  nuieh  nearer  to  tlio  tip  of  the  au.xiliary  vein 
tliaa  is  the  ease  in  tho.se  genera  ;  by  the  posititMi  of  the  great 
(Tdss-vein,  whieh  is  not  ant'  rior  to  the  inner  end  of  the  discal 
coll;  by  the  structure  of  tiie  forceps  of  the  nuile,  etc.  JJoth 
North  American  species  are  altogether  black;  the  knob  of  the 
lialteres  of  one  of  them  only  is  yellow.  I  have  seen  two  ."south 
American  Gnophnm]iifr  in  the  Herlin  ^Museum,  one  of  wliirh  is 
tlic  Limuohin  nigrina  AVieti  /l(/.s.s'.  Z}i\  II,  j).  37.  A  hand-nne 
,<])ecies  from  the  Cai)e,  with  brown  wings,  banded  with  white  (in 
the  same  mu.seum),  is  either  a  GnophoHnjii',  or  closely  related  to 
this  genus. 

Tlic  genus  Gnophomijia  (from  yid^n?,  darkness,  and  ^iia,  fly) 
was  introduced  by  me  in  the  I'rov  Arad.  Nat.  Sci.  I'/iilud.  ]Hi')'.), 
p.  "22o.  The  genus  described  under  this  name  in  the  Fauna 
Aitxtriaca  is  Trimicra  (comp.  above,  page  l(i"). 

A  genu.s  closely  allied  to  the  present  one  is  I'KiJnconojm  (from 

4i>.65,  glabrous,  and  xoivw^,  gnat).     It  was  estalili>lied  by  Zctter- 

stetlt,  in  1840  {Fauna  La})ponica,  p.  BIT,  and  later  /////.  Sfonil. 

X,  p.  4007),  upon  a  single  species  (/'.  Wiir/cnii),  fowiid  in  the 

iioriliorn  parts  of  Sweden.     The  genus  has  harilly  been  noticed 

since,  although   sc^veral   other  species   occur  in   Enrojte.      'i'lie 

typical  species,  P.  mcigenii,  I  have  not  seen,  but  have  liefore  me 

an  ap|)arently  undescribed  species  from  Germany,  larger  than  P. 

mri<icnii,  and  distinguished  by  the  frequent  absence  of  the  mar- 

iriiial  cross-vein.     Of  another,  smaller  species,  I  have  a  single 

spieimen  from  the  north  of  Italy.     It  has  no  marginal  cross-veia 

and  its  discal  cell  is  open,  coalescing  with  the  tliird  posterior 

cell.     There  is  but  little  doubt  that  this  species  u  the  i^rioiitcr^ 
13 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)  872-4503 


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174 


DIPTERA  OF  NOIlTir  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


Internliii  M«('(|.  //"-V.  Nntur.  Jh'jif.  II,  p.  r»53  (syn.  Limnnhin 
Jlavolimlxiln  llnl.  in  Wulkcr's  lux.  lUit.  Dipt.  Ill,  p.  304).  The 
two  species  which  I  have  before  me  otlicrwise  ngree  in  their 
vciialit)!!,  am'  tlid'er  in  it  from  Gnophomnia:  the  anterior  hraiicli 
of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is  sliorl  and  oblique,  almost  like 
that  of  (roviovnjia,  thus  modifying  the  .^Iiape  of  the  first  siili- 
maririnal  cell  (it  seems,  however,  that  in  1*.  mcvjruii,  which  1 
have  not  .seen,  tiio  first  subnuirginal  cell  has  the  same  shape  a<  in 
(inojjinvnjia)  ;  tlie  petiole  of  this  ct-ll  is  lonj-or  ;  the  niargiiml 
cross-vein  seems  to  be  usually  wantinjr.  The  abdomen  of  tin' 
Gcrnmii  species  is  niore  clul)-shait"d  at  the  tip  than  that  of  (iim. 
jiliiinnjia,  and  the  Atrceps  has  a  dilTerent  structure.  Again,  the 
three  Kuropean  s|iecies  agree  among  themselves  in  their  coloriiej-; 
they  have  yellow  stripes  on  the  ^Kles  of  the  thora.x  and  a  ycllnw 
scutellum,  I)esides  some  other  yellow  nufrks  ])eculiar  to  ami  v  i,\' 
them.  'I'he  known  American  sjiLcies  of  (tnuptiomijia  are  .'.Itu- 
gether  dark  in  their  coloring,  except  the  halteres  of  G.  iris(i>'f>iiiin, 
which  are  yellow. 

Psihconona  supplies,  in  my  opinion,  the  missin.^  link  between 
the  J-Jriopli'vina  and  the  genus  Goiiiomyia,  tlie  link  for  whidi  I 
have  been  looking  unsuccessfully  in  the  Froc.  Avail.  Nut.  S  /. 
riiilad.  ISaO,  J).  2;{0.  This  has  become  jjarticularly  evident  to 
me,  since  I  have  seen  J'.'^iloronojia  Idltnilis  Mac(|.,  the  venalinn 
of  which  (short  first  submarginal  cell,  oblicpie  anterior  branch  if 
the  second  vein,  open  discal  cell,  coalescent  with  the  iJnnl 
posterior  cell)  very  forcibly  reminds  of  Honiomijia.  The  pn  va- 
lence of  yellow  in  the  coloring  of  PfihroiKifia  increases  tlio 
probal)ility  of  the  relationship  of  these  two  genera.  My  kincv. 
ledge  of  r.-iilocutiojia  is  not  sufficient  to  ciiable  me  to  dcciiju 
upon  th(!  degree  of  this  relationship;  but  at  the  same  time,  I 
have  seen  enough  of  this  genus  to  convince  me  that  it  would  be 
l)remature  to  unite  it  with  Gnophomi/ia. 


Drsrription  of  tlie  species. 

1.    G.  lllclllOi«a  0.  S.      ^.— Atra,  lialteribus  atris ;  alis  obscure  in- 

finnatis. 
Black,  opaque ;  halteres  black ;  wings  smoky  blackish.     Long.  corp.  O.'^'l. 

Syn.    Gnnphnm<i'ut  liictiwsa  O.  Sackrn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18.')'.>.  p.  --4- 
Limnnbia  ui(jnrola  Walkeh,  Traus.  Eut.  Soc.  Loud.  V,  n.  8.  part  VII. 
p.  6G. 


'f% 


li'f: 


»■■: 

« 

ONOPHOMYIA. 


n:» 


Tilt'  whole  body,  inclmliiiir  the  luilriTPf,  of  a  (loop,  oj  ii(|iio 
liliick  ;  Vi'Ivot  Idin-U  on  tlio  tliorax.  AViii<rs  sinuky,  nearly  hlack  : 
((iMal  crll  still  darkor;  .stijriiia  hardly  distinct  ;  u  shi>rt,  almost, 
iii:iii)-((i|ti('  ])iil)os('on:'C  in  the  npical  portion  of  tin?  winprs  ;  th(; 
vciiiiiion  is  somewhat  diilVreiit  from  that  of  the  fol!o\vin<r  speeies  ; 
till'  iiiileri(»r  Itraneh  of  the  seeoml  loiiijitiidinal  vein  is  almost  ini- 
|M  r(i|itil)'y  arcuated  ;  tho  posterior  l»raneh  and  the  tiiird  vein 
iiif  (|iiite  straitrht;  the  peti(»k'  of  the  first  snlinnirjrinal  cell  (tliat 
is,  tlie  distance  Itetwi-en  its  inner  end  and  the  tip  of  the  pru'fnrea) 
is  not  much  lonjircr  than  the  distanei;  between  the  tip  of  the 
|ini'turca  and  ihe  simdl  cross  vein.  The  force|)s  of  the  male  is 
hairy;  the  horny  appendajr<'S  seem  to  he  soim-what  stouter  than 
ill  the  followinjr  species;  the  joints  of  the  flaj^ellnin,  at  least  the 
four  or  live  basal  ones,  are  short,  not  much  lonper  than  broad, 
willi  a  delicate,  short  pubescence  on  the  under  side. 

Hall.  Flori(hi ;  I  oanirht  a  sin<rle  mah>,  in  March,  IS'jS.  That 
Mr.  Walker's  L.  oigrii-nln  has  been  i»ul»lishe(l  later  than  iSat^, 
ii|i|)cars  from  the  circumstance  that  .Mr.  Hellardi's  work,  jniblishcd 
in  tiiat  year,  is  quoted  by  him  in  the  same  paper  (i)age  2d). 

'2.  <■.  fristissinia  O.  S.      %  ami  9- — Nipra.  pedilms  pii'fis;  halteres 
tapitulis  liavis  ;  ala^  .siil)liyalina>,  stigniato  oliloiiijo,  ohscuro. 

Black,  feet  blaikish-lirown  ,  knob  of  Die  halteros  yellow  ;  wings  subliya- 
liiif,  sti^iiia  oblong,  dark.     Long.  corp.  0.2!j — 0.35. 

iJv.N.  Gnoplirimyi'a  tn'.itin.ilma  O.  Sackk.n,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  IS.")!*,  p.  224. 

IJody  black,  but  little  shinin<r ;  incsonotum  more  jriblxise  tlian 
ill  (I.  lui'fuotia;  a  slight  lioary  reflection  on  the  lower  part  of  the 
iileiira'  and  sometimes  on  the  front  ;  feet  dark  brown,  co.xie  black; 
stem  of  the  halteres  brown,  knob  yellow;  winjrs  (Tab.  11,  liir.  f)) 
-liyiitly  tinji'cd  with  brownish-fi^ray  ;  sti<rnia  blackish,  elon^''ated, 
ilividcd  loniritndinally  in  two  halves  by  the  first  lonirilndinal 
\t':ii;  the  marjjrimil  cross-vein,  usually  placed  at  the  inner  end 
'<\'  the  fust  subniarp;iiial  cell,  is  sometiiiK's  a  little  posterior  to  it; 
iMitli  iiranches  of  (he  scc^n^l  lonfritudinai  vein  and  the  third  vein 
iire  arcuated  ;  ihe  ]>etiole  of  the  first  submarfrinal  cell  is  loiiL'-er 
here  than  in  (f.  lu<ti(0)ia;  whereas  the  small  cross-vein  is  dose 
ly  the  'H-iirin  of  the  third  vein.  The  forceps  (Ta}).  IV,  li-^.  10) 
and  the  ovipositor  (fljr.  I'.^a)  have  been  described  above. 

Not  rare ;  Washi:ipton,  I>.  C.  ;  New  York  ;  Virginia;  Ui)per 
Wisconsin  River  (Kennieotf*. 


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176 


DIPTERA  OF  XOUTII  AMEUICA. 


Gen.  XXII.    PglLOCOIVOI'A. 


[I'AKT  IV. 


This  Eurojjeun  gt'ims  lu'liig  hut  imperfectly  known  hy  nic,  I 
have  to  coiiliije  myself  to  the  reiiiurks  nh'endy  given  ubuiU  il  iu 
the  geiiu-s  Gnoplivmyia  (eouipare  p.  W>). 

Gen.  XXIII.   C;0.\IO]»IYIA. 

Two  submarginal  cells  ;  th>'  jhst  nn/  short,  snhlrianfjii/ar,  owing  to  tlie 
oliortiifss  and  the  obliijue  (lirt-ution  of  the  anterior  hranch  of  the  st'con.l 
loiiijitu'iinal  "eiii  (Tab.  II,  lig.  4,  wing  of  (/.  .iitlirimnd  ;  fiij.  '2,  G.  inljiliii- 
rrlla)  ;  no  marginal  tross-vein  ;  four  postt"-'or  tells;  disial  cell  opiMi  or 
closed  ;  when  open,  it  is  coalesceut  witli  the  third  i>osti"rior  cell ;  wiin;s 
glabrous.  Antenn<-e  IG-jointed,  rather  shoit.  Feet  long,  slender ;  tiliiie 
without  spurs  at  the  tip,  tarsi  with  distinct  enipodia.  Forceps  of  the  ni.iie 
with  several  branches  and  linear  appendages  (Tab.  IV.  fig.  17,  forceps  of  (i. 
blanila  ;  tig.  lt<,  of  G.  coijnatdlii).    Oviitositor  of  the  female  slender,  arcuated. 

Ho.striun  and  palpi  short;  the  joints  of  the  latter  nearly  of 
C(|ual  leiiirth.  The  auteiiiue,  if  bent  backwards,  would  lutt  reach 
beyond  tiie  root  of  the  wings;  the  joints  of  the  llagelluni  are 
.short  sul)cylindrical  or  oval,  verticillate ;  in  (r.  sulplmvcUa  the 
basal  joints  in  the  male  are  strongly  incrassated.  The  f«'et  aiv 
more  or  less  jjubescent ;  sometimes  this  pubescence  is  hardly  pcr- 
ceptil)le.  The  wings  vary  iit  length  ;  they  aro  comparativi'ly 
short  in  G.  imlphurclla  (Tal).  II,  lig.  2),  and  longer  in  G.  Huh- 
cinerea  (Tab.  II,  lig.  4)  and  hlanda.  The  venation  has  many 
striking  peculiarities ;  the  tip  of  the  au.viliary  vein  is  noaiiy 
opiKJsite  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  often  a  little 
before  or  a  little  b'-yond  it;  never  so  much  beyond  it  as  iu  tin- 
otlier  EriopU'rina  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  at  this  very  tip  {G. 
Hithi'itH'i-t'a,  (xxjnatcUa,  si  IphKrcllu),  or  quite  near  it  {G.  blamla). 
The  pnefurra  originates  al»out  the  middle  of  the  anterior  nuirgin; 
it  is  more  or  less  arcuated  ;  the  hr.st  subniarginal  cell  is  very  .short; 
its  petiole  l)eing  long  and  its  inner  end  being  posterior  to  the  tiji 
of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  or  at  the  utmost,  nearly  opposite 
this  tip  {G.  blanda)\  the  anterior  branch  of  the  second  loniri- 
tudinal  vein  is  short,  running  oblicpiely  towards  the  costa  and 
reaching  it  at  a  short  distance  beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  loniri- 
tudinal  vein,  or  at  this  very  tip  {G.  hlanda);  this  course  of  tlie 
anterior  branch  of  the  second  longitudiiuil  vein  gives  to  the  first 
submarginal  cell  a  triangular  shape  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is 


H- 


h  '\ 


OONIOMYIA. 


177 


wnritiiiir  in  all  IIh*  sppcit's  to  luc  known  ;  tlio  rolatlvp  length  of  tlio 
si'I'dih!  siiliniiirftinul  and.  of  tlw  first  |>ostt'rior  cells  is  soniowlint 
varialdc;  tlicy  are  of  (MjUtil  length  in  (i.  stil/,/ii(r>ll<i ;  the  sub- 
niuiirinai  is  a  trillo  longer  in  (i.  v<>(jn(iliU(i  and  t<iihrititn-(i ;  a 
{Toiiil  (jesil  loiiirer  in  (i.  hlamhi;  the  discal  <'ell  is  open  in  some 
siu'cies  and  ejcoed  in  others;  this  cliaraeter  is  in  some  measiire 
cviii  viirialile  within  the  same  species,  and  therefore  not  entirely 
rcliidile;  whenever  the  diseal  cell  is  open,  it  coalesces  with  the 
third  posterior  cell,'  and  thus  it  heconies  appari-nt  that  it  is  the 
anterior  liraneh  of  th<  fourth  loiigitudiiuil  vein  which  is  fttrked  ; 
fit'tii.  sixth,  and  seventh  veins  nearly  straiglit ;  the  latter  somc- 
tiiiiis  slighth'  curved  In-fon;  the  tip.  The  veins  almost  glaltrous, 
except  in  some  rare  cases,  when  they  show  a  more  distinct, 
ultliiiugh  very  short  pubescence. 

These  delicate  insects  arc  distinguislied  by  the  frcfpient  occur- 
rence of  a  jiecnliar  sulphur  yellow  in  their  coloring,  and  in  this 
nspcet  the  European  and  the  American  species  agree  with  each 
otlicr.  Tiiey  are  not  nuiin'rou.- — four  <ir  five  being  known  i" 
Kiu'iipe,  and  four  iiaving  been  discovered  in  Anu'rica.  The 
pecidiar  shape  of  the  first  sultniariiinal  cell  distinguishes  them 
easily  ;  and  if  we  add  t<>  that  the  relative  j)osition  of  the  tip  of  tlu; 
auxiliary  vein  to  the  origin  of  the  second  vein  (so  ditl'erent  from 
the  other  Erioptrritio).  tin;  absence  of  the  marginal  cross-vein 
'nt  least  in  all  the  species  known  to  inc);  the  coalescence  of  the 
diseal  cell  with  the  third  i)osterior  cell,  whenever  it  is  open  ;  and 
the  peculiar  structure  of  the  nnile  force]»s,  visible  even  in  dry 
specimens,  we  will  have  sullicicntly  characterized  the  genus. 
The  majority  of  the  European  species  have  the  forceps  of  an 
analogous  structure  ;  one  or  two  of  them  seem  to  be  dtlTerent  ; 
I  have  not  seen  the  species  of  the  latter  kind  and  have  therefore 
no  opinion  about  them. 

In  speaking  of  the  genus  Pxiloconopa  (compare  alxjve,  p.  1T4) 
I  liave  alluded  to  the  possible  relationshi})  between  it  aiid  d'onio- 
mijia,  especially  ai)parent  in  the  European  P.  latcraliff  ^laccp  ; 
this  discovery  seems  to  resolve  the  doubts  which  I  formerly  enter- 
tained (Proc.  Avad  Nat.  Sri.  Philml  ISf)!),  jt.  230)  about  the 
location  of  Goniomyia  among  the  Eriuptcrina. 


i,  V 


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'  Kxcpptions  are  merely  individual ;  tlina  1  have  seen  a  specimen  of  C 
suhi-inma,  the  disoal  cell  of  wliich  was  coalescent  with  the  second  posterior 
cell. 

12      Sept.,  1868. 


i  * 


ITS 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMEllFOA. 


[I'AKT  IV. 


]{y  all  iiR'iins  the  position  of  Ounioiiiyia,  as  proved  l»y  its 
flia  raft  ITS,  is  on  the  t'Xtri'nio  limit  of  llie  group  of  I-Jrinfiti  rinu, 
and  tliis  view  is  strengtlicnt'd  by  the  foUowing  oiirunistanri' :  The 
snialliic'ss  of  tlie  (irst  sulnnarginal  cell  seems  to  foresliado-.v  its 
entire  disappearance;  and  indeed,  I  possess  two  specimens  wlicix' 
this  disappearance  actually  takes  place  through  the  ol)l!teratiiiii 
of  the  branch  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein.  One  (»f  tiicsc 
specimens  resembles  G.  sulp/uurlla  very  much;  it  i:;  bnnlv 
possible  that  it  is  un  accidental  abnormity'  of  u  specimen  of  this 

'  While  this  volume  was  in  press,  I  have  found  a  second  specimen  of  the 
same  kind,  and  have  had  tlie  u]ip()rtunity  to  examine  it  \vh<^n  it  was  >till 
alive.  It  is  not  an  accidental  abnormity,  but  a  new  species  closely  allicil 
to  (i,  sul)>ltuicl/(i,  Altlioagh  a  new  genus  niiijht  be  easily  formed  u|iou 
this  speoies,  I  prefer  to  leave  it  in  the  genus  (I'lmiomi/iu,  until  more  speciej 
of  the  same  kind  are  made  known.  Thus  Guuluwijin  will  contain  spi-iii's 
with  li.'o  and  with  one  subinarginal  cell,  just  as  Limnopliila  contains  speci«d 
with  ./iVe  and  with  ^b«r  posterior  cells. 

<iioiiioiii)'ia  iiianca,  n.  sp.     %. — Flava,  sulphnreo  maculata,  hal- 
teribus  sulphureo-llavis  ;  alfe  celluli  submarginali  uniia,. 

Yellow,  marked  with  sulphur  yellow,  halteres  sulphur  yellow  ;  wings  with 
a  single  submargiual  cell.     Long.  corp.  0.2. 

Rostrum  yellowish,  palpi  brown  ;  front  brownish  in  the  middle  ;  two 
basal  joints  of  the  antenna;  yellowish,  considerably  infusuated  ;  the  liist 
is  small  ;  the  second  much  larger  than  the  first,  rounded;  llagcllum  blatk- 
ish,  slender,  with  long  verticils  (somewhat  similar  to  those  of  (i.  sulj'lnt- 
rdla),  which  give  the  tlagellum  a  feather-like  appearance.  Thorax  yellmv, 
pale  brownish  above  with  faintly  indicated  stripes  and  a  slight  gray  bloom; 
collare  and  upper  part  of  the  pleurrp  sulphur  yellow  ;  the  remainder  of  the 
pleuriB  with  a  hoary  bloom  ;  halteres  with  a  sulphur  yellow  knob.  Alulo- 
men  and  male  forceps  yellow.  Feet  yellowish-tawny  ;  the  tips  of  the 
femora,  tibife,  and  tarsi  hardly  darker.  Wings  immaculate,  with  a  sliu'iit 
grayish  tinge  ;  the  venation  is  precisely  like  that  of  G.  stilpliiirrlla  (Tali. 
II,  fig.  2),  except  that  the  posterior  branch  of  the  second  longitudinal  vtiu 
is  obliterated ;  tins  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  shortly  before  its  tij*, 
takes  a  sudden  turn  towards  the  anterior  margin,  in  conse(iuence  of  wliicli 
the  subinarginal  cell  is  trumpet-shaped,  that  is,  very  considerably  narrower 
at  its  inner  than  at  its  outer  end.     The  discal  cell  is  closed. 

The  forceps  of  the  male  (which  I  have  examined  on  a  living  specimen) 
belongs  to  the  same  type  of  structure  as  those  of  the  other  species  of 
(iduioiniiia,  but  the  structure  is  more  simple  than  that  of  the  two  species 
the  forceps  of  wliich  I  have  figured  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  17  and  18).  There  are 
two  lateral,  elongated,  subcylindrical  (digitiform)  lobes,  converging,  but 


1; 

,,  ^ 

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(lOMOMYlA. 


IT'.) 


species;  tlic  s])ociincii  is  too  iiiijicrft'clly  jjrrscrvi'd  to  allow  a 
rliisf  I'onip'irisoii.  Till!  other  spcciiiicii,  liowrver,  Ijcloiigs  to  u 
<|M cits  wliicli  is  inaiiilVstly  disliiK.'t  from  nil  known  Guniuttnfio', 
liiit  wliicli,  at.  tin;  same  time,  sliows  the  characters  of  this  gcims 
ill  a  most  strikinjr  iiianiuT  ;  the  vcnatittii  (except  the  aliseiice 
v(  the  lirst  suitiiiarjriual  ceil)  reseniiilcs  that  of  (/.  fniliiliarrlln, 
hut  tlic  aii.xiliarv  \eiri  is  much  shorter ;  the  marjriiial  cross-vein 
is  absent;  the  discal  cell  is  open  and  coalesces  witli  the  third 
]Mi>terii)r  cell  ;  the  c(jsta  has  a  remarkal)le  whitish  tinjre ;  other- 
wise the  colorinj^  and  the  general  api)earance  of  the  insect  arc 
tlmse  of  (Untioii.ijia.  The  structure  of  the  male  forceps  would 
lie  decisive  as  to  the  relationship  of  this  species ;  )»ut  the  speci- 
men is  u  female. 

The  iianie  of  this  genus  occurs  for  the  first  time  in  Meijron, 
Vdl.  I,  )).  1  K>,  as  (lononiyia.  Megerle  sent  him  A.  tciwlla 
niider  that  generic  denomination,  which,  however,  Meigon  did 
iidl  adopt.  It  was  revived  afterwards  hy  ^Ir.  Stephens  in  his 
(•,iliiii,iitt('.  etc.  (1S2-2),  and  by  Mr.  Curtis  in  his  OKide  {iH'.il),  in 
connection  with  the  same  species,  liui  without  any  definition.  I 
have  defined  the  genus  in  the  Prvr.  Acad.  yut.  Sci.  riiilml.  1869, 
ji.  :.'2II,  and  descril>ed  the  four  North  American  species  lielonging 
to  it.  In  1IS()4  Dr.  iyi^hiuin'  (Fauna  Aufln'oia,  J>ii>t.  \oi.  11,  \i. 
;')4;i)  gave  this  genus  a  wider  dellMition  l)y  admitting  in  it  some 
species  which,  according  to  my  opinion,  it  is  better  to  separate, 
and  which  m.'W  form  the  genus  IJm/icda. 

As  the  name  of  this  genus  is  jirobably  derived  from  yun'tt,  angle, 
in  allusion  to  the  shaj)e  of  the  fork  of  the  second  longitudinal 
vein,  I  proj)ose  lo  amend  it  in  (luniomyUi. 


Table  for  the  determination  of  the  species. 


,  (  Wings  .«potte'l. 
i  Wings  uot  spotted. 


4  blanda  0.  S. 


not  lapping  over  each  other  in  repose  ;  imineiliately  above  tind  parallel  to 
tlit-ni  i.s  a  single,  long,  lioiiiy  style,  the  tip  of  which  reaehes  lieyomi  the 
tip  of  tht)  lolies  ;  below  the  lobes,  some  siuall,  black,  horny  organs  are 
piTcfptible. 

//"''.    South  Orange,  N.  .1..  June  30,  186^  ;  a  single  specimen. 

The  first  longitmlinal  vein  in  my  specimen  comes  to  an  abrupt  termina- 
tion before  reaching  the  costa. 


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MITKK.V  (pI'   M  ItTII   .\Mi:UlC.\. 


[I'AItT  IV. 


Foinnra  with  n  distiiiut  lirown  biiud  bfforu  tliu  tip  ;  knnh  of  tiin  IiiiIIhiph 
liMiion  yt'llow.  1  Bulpburella  <>.  s. 

2  cognatella  <>  s. 
'3  Bubclnerea  o,  .>. 


j:  „- , 

*  K>'in(>ra  witiiout  brown  band 
o  (  Antuiinie  orango  at  thu  budid. 
(  AuteiiniB  eutiruly  black. 


Description  of  the  sycfiV.v. 

1.  a,  Nlllplllirella  <>.  S.  ^  ami  9  .— Sulpbnreo-flava,  fuHco-varit-- 
gata;  nntennis  basi  iuiiantiains,  in  uiaru  vt'itii-illirt  longin :  fcnioiilms 
aniiulo  fusuo;  celUilil  discuidali  (in  sipeuiuuiiibus  typiuis)  clau.-'il. 

8iil]i)iur  y»*ll()w,  variegated  with  brown  ;  antennip  oraii,i{«  yellow  at  tlie 
basis  ;  those  of  tlio  main  with  long  verticils  ;  femora  with  a  brown 
band  ;  discal  cell  (in  normal  specimens)  closed.     Long.  corp.  0.2—0.2'). 

Sy.n.    Cunomyia  stiliibunllu  0.  Sackk.v,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1851),  p.  230. 

Front  and  vortex  sulphur  yellow,  iiifust'iited  in  the  niitldlc; 
proboscis,  palpi,  uiul  anteniiii;  brown  ;  basal  joints  of  the  hitter 
orange  yellow;  flajrellum  of  the  nnil(!  incrassatod  at  the  base  and 
slender  Iieyond  it,  with  long,  featluiry  vertieils;  that  of  the  feinale 
riiforni  with  short  verticils ;  eollure  sulphur  yellow;  inesonotum 
lii^lit  bi'own,  yellow  along  the  margins;  seutellum  yellow  with  a 
brown  line  in  the  middle;  metathorax  yellowish,  infiiseated  in  the 
middle;  ]deurto  yellow  above;  a  yellow  stripe,  nnirgined  with 
brown,  runs  from  the  fore  co.xie  backwards;  halteres  yellow; 
knob  lemon  yellow;  coxa)  pale  yellow;  femora  slightly  iiicras- 
sated  at  the  tip,  with  a  yeliow  band  beyond  the  middle  and  a 
l)rown  band  near  the  tip,  which  is  ycdlow ;  anterior  pair  of  fenioru 
darker,  their  tip  brown  ;  tibite  tawny,  infuseated  at  the  tip  ;  lursi 
fuscous.  Abdomen  of  the  male  lemon  yellow;  base  of  the  sej.'- 
ments  brown,  genitals  yellow;  abdomen  of  the  female  brownish; 
])osterii»r  margins  of  the  segments  yellow,  genitals  ferruginous. 
AVings  (Tab.  II,  fig.  2)  slightly  gray,  pale  at  the  base,  stigma 
pale;  origin  of  the  pnijfurea  a  little  posterior  to  the  tip  of  the 
au.xiliary  vein,  strongly  arcuated  ;  the  remainder  of  the  course 
of  the  second  vein  is  parallel  to  the  first;  the  distance  between 
the  tips  of  the  two  branches  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is 
nearly  e(pial  to  the  distance  between  the  tip  of  the  anteriur 
branch  and  that  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  inner  ends  of 
the  second  subniarginal,  first  posterior,  discal,  and  fourth  ]iiis. 
terior  cells  are  nearly  on  one  line  ;  the  third  vein  is  arcuated, 


Sv.N.    Iiimiimi 


rioxioMYlA. 


isl 


stPMitrlv  (•iiiivcr<riiijr  ti>\viinls  ilic  nntrrior  hrniicli  of  tho  fourili 
vein;  tl'isfiil  ('"'ll  cliix'tl  ill  the  iiiiijnriiy  of  tin-  siicciiiit'iis. 

('(iiiiiii'iii,  ill  sMiiiiiicr;  NN'iisiiiii^lnii,  I)  ('. ;  'rrciitoii  Kiills,  N  V  , 
lie.  Aiiiniijr  fiftfcn  s|i('ciiM('iis  wliirli  1  IudI  lit'f(»ro  iiu.',  wIumi  I 
fir«t  ilrscril)oil  tills  species,  only  oiiu  liiui  tlie  discul  coll  opi  ii. 

2.  (ri.  CHKtiatella  O.  S.  %  ami  9- — SulplmiHO-flava,  fuhco  viirinirata, 
iiut.'iinis  li.isi  amaiitiai'is,  in  iiian-  tieiise  |iuli('sreiitilius,  veilicillis  lii«vi- 
liiis ;  (lediliiis  iiiiicMiloriliiiH  ;  celluld  disitoiilali  npuita. 

giil|>liiir  Vfllow,  v.irit'u'attMl  with  lnown  ;  aiiteiiiiie  orange  yellow  at  tho 
liasis,  ileiisi-ly  piilii'so'iit  aiiil  with  (<hi>rt  vcititils  in  tlie  male;  tuft  iiiii- 
I'oli TOILS  ;  (lisi-al  cell  open,      l.ont,'.  eoip.  0/2— (•.2.'). 

SvN.    diiiiDmyiii  coijnalflhi  O.  Sackk.n,  I'rou.  Ai\  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  iS.ltt.  p  2'.W. 

A'ci'V  liki!  tlio  prceediiiff,  l)iit  easily  «listiii,ifiiislietl  l»y  tlie  lolluw- 
in<.'  cliaraetcrs  :  Tho  aiiteiiiiie  of  the  male  are  covered  on  every 
jiijiit  with  a  short,  dense  piilsescence,  which,  lieiiifjf  interrupted  at 
tlio  articulations,  makes  tho  anteinne  appear  moniliform ;  the 
lialteres  (li«th  stem  and  knoh)  are  infuscatetl  ;  the  pleura;  are 
yt'llow,  with  a  brown  stripe;  tho  fiet  aro  iiiiilornily  ))al('  tawny, 
only  the  tips  of  tho  tarsi  darker;  the  discal  cell  is  open  (at  least 
ill  the  normal  specimens) ;  the  inner  aiijile  of  tho  niarj^inal  cell  is 
niuro  acute,  the  prsefurca  runiiiiiji;  oldiipiely  from  tho  first  loiijjfi- 
tiuliiKil  vein;  tho  anterior  hranch  of  tho  second  longitudinal  vein 
is  more  ohlicpio,  and  therefore  somewhat  longer;  the  distance 
between  the  ti|)S  of  both  branches  of  this  vein  is  aliout  twice  tho 
kiiirtli  of  tho  ilistance  ))etween  the  tip  of  the  anterior  branch  and 
that  of  tho  first  longMtuilinal  vi-in  ;  the  third  vein  is  straight, 
altlioiiuh,  in  its  whole  course,  somewhat  converging  towards  the 
aiitfrior  branch  of  tho  fourth  ;  the  second  siibniarginal  cell  is 
soiiifwliat  longer  than  the  first  posteri<jr.  The  forceps  of  the  male 
(Tal).  IV,  lig.  IS)  has  a  somewhat  ditforont  structure  from  that  of 
G.  fiiljtfito'flln. 

Hub.   AVashington,  D.  C.     I  had  seven  specimens. 

3t  G.  siibciiierea  0.  S.  %  and  9-  —  Pulplmreo-flava:  mesonoto 
ciiiHivo-fuMco ;  antennis  nipris  ;  pedibus  nnieolorihus;  fellulA  disioidah 
(in  spcciiuinibus  typicis)  clansS,. 

Sulplnir  yellow ;  mesonotum  grayish-brown  ;  antenna>  black ;  feet  uni- 
coldious ;  discal  cell  (in  the  normal  specimen)  closed. 

Syn.   (Junomijia  subcintrea  0.  Sacken,  rroc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  I'liil.  1859,  p.  231, 


t )' 


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182 


DII'TKUA  OF  NCJIITII  AMF.KICA. 


[I'AIIT  IV. 


Uo^tnini  jcllow,  palpi  hrown  ;  aiilemiii'  black;  (linsc  uf  tin. 
imilc  liinc  niodcrati'ly  l<iii<;  vertieils  ;  tlmrax  siilplmr  vcjlnw; 
iiK'si/noliiiii  jiniyisli-ln'ow  II ;  pli'iirtu  willioiit  any  hrowii  stri|)i'>, 
iiiiiiuriiily  yillow  lialltTcs  very  hiijrlilly  inru.H-atfd  ;  toi'l  jiah; 
lawny  NN'iiijr's  (Talt  II,  li^^  4)  cuinparativcly  Iniijrcr  than  in 
the  pr<'<M  liiiit''  «;pfcics  ,  tlif  discal  coll  is  floscd  iii  iioniiai  >|m ci. 
iiK'iis  ;  iIm'  lip  (jI  tlu'  auxiliary  vein  is  a  little  posterior  to  ijic 
o^i^^ill  of  the  pra-l'iirea  ;  the  interval  Itelweeii  the  tip  of  the  liiM 
loiifiitudiiial  vein  and  the  anterior  hi'anch  of  the  seecjiid  vein  is 
five  or  >ix  times  shorter  than  llie  interval  Ijetween  the  tips  nt'ilic 
two  I»rain.he»  of  tlie  seeoiid  vein  ;  the  inner  end  ol  the  seeond  >n\i- 
maruinal  eell  is  pointed,  very  little  anti'rior  to  the  inner  end  ol" 
the  lirst  posterior  cell  ,  the  third  vein  is  straijrht  and  very  link' 
converge  lit  \\itli  the  anterior  l)raiieli  of  the  fourth;  the  inner  (ml 
of  the  mar<;iiial  cell  (aiiule  ot  the  privfurea)  almost  acute;  the 
inner  ends  of  ilie  lirst  and  fourth  posterior,  and  of  the  discal  (lij, 
nearly  in  one  line  Ahdoinen  Itrown  above;  iiiarifins  of  the  ^-cjr- 
niciits  vellow  ;  \  enter  and  forceps  of  the  male  yellow;  the  laller 
with  linear,  liairy   slightly  dusky  a])pendages. 

J/iih  Trentcjn  Kails.  N.  V. ;  Washiii,a:toii,  1).  C.  Amoiif?  twelve 
fipeciuiens,  the  di.scal  cell  is  open  in  one  only. 

4.  ii.  blaildil  ".  S.  %  and  9- — Aire  stigmate  et  marginii?  anterinris 
parti'  apii'iiii  liisuis  ;  vennlis  transvei^is  iiifa.soatiH  ;  vena'  longituiliiialis 
seiiniil;i>  rauii  aiiteiioris  ajx'x  cum  apiue  vena)  longitu<linalis  [niiiKt' 
coinuidens. 

Wings  with  the  stigma  and  the  apical  portion  of  the  anterior  martiiu  iii- 
fuscated  ;  cross-veins  clouded  :  tlie  tip  of  tlie  anterior  l)raneh  of  tlw 
seeond  vein  is  coincident  with  the  tip  ot  the  lirst  longitudinal  vt.in. 
Long.  Corp.  0.2;") — (i,2S. 

SvN.    Gonomijia  blamtu  O.  S.vcKEN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18.')t),  p.  2:>1. 

nostrum  srray,  marp-ined  with  yellow  aliove ;  front  and  vertex 
gray,  margined  wit'«  yellow  aloiifr  the  eyes;  antenna)  hrowii ;  twn 
l)asal  Joints  yellow,  Thorax  <rray  al)(jve,  with  two  approxiiiiiiud 
hrowiii.sh  strijx's  in  the  middle;  two  hardly  distinct  lateral  stri|it)s; 
scutellum  brownish,  gray  in  the  middle;  juetathorax  brownish; 
pleura'  i)ale  yellow,  slightly  hoary;  haltercs  dusky,  with  dark 
kindis  ;  feet  pale  yellow,  jtubesccnt ;  tips  of  the  femora,  of  the 
tibia',  and  the  whole  ol  the  tarsi  dark  brown  ;  abdomen  griiyisli- 
brown  ;   lateral  and  posterior  margins  of  the  segments  yelluw; 


EMPKDA. 


183 


vciiti  r  yellow  ;  male  forcops  yellow,  with  Itlnck  horny  nppeiKJufres 
(Tiili  IN',  lii;.  17).  Wiii^f.s  with  the  cross-veins  uiul  the  inner 
(•nils  1)1' the  itasal  cells,  iind  of  the  second  sulinnirf^inn!  nnil  seciintl 
|)ii>lerior  cells  cloniled  ;  the  sti^nuiund  the  jxirtion  of  the  anterior 
iiiiii'uin  iK'tween  it  and  the  tip  are  blackish  ;  the  pnel'nrca,  stronj^ly 
arcuated  at  the  Imsis  is  parallel,  durinpr  the  remainder  of  its  course, 
til  the  lirst  lon^ntudinal  vein  ;  the  tip  of  the  anterior  branch  of  the 
fiiTiiiid  lon<iitudiiial  vein  is  coincident  witii  the  tip  of  the  lirst 
lonfiitudinal  vein  ;  the  origin  or"  the  pncfnrca  is  a  little  anterior 
tu  lilt'  tip  of  tho  auxiliary  vein;  the  second  sul)niar}iinal  cell  is 
loiifiir  than  tho  first  jtosterior;  generally  there  is  a  stiinii)  of  a 
vein  near  the  origin  of  the  pnefurca,  and  an  indication  of  a  second 
stump  at  tho  inner  end  of  the  second  posterior  cell ;  discal  cell 
oiK-ii ;  the  great  cross-vein  is  a  considerable  distance  befnre  tho 
iiiiier  end  of  the  discal  cell. 

JIdh.  Washington,  L)  C. ;  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y  ;  South  Caro- 
lina (Berlin  Museum). 

Gen.  XXIV.    E^fPEDA. 

Two  snbmarifinal  cells ;  tlie  first  rather  short,  owing  to  the  shortnosa 
ami  the  oliliiiue  ilirectiuii  of  the  anterior  brancli  ol  tlio  second  longitudinal 
vein  ;  a  distinct  marginal  cross-vuin  connecting  the  first  and  second  longi- 
tudinal Veins  is  inserted  a  considerable  distance  lietore  the  inner  end  of 
the  lirst  subniarginal  cell ;  four  posterior  cells  ;  discal  cell  closed  or  ojien  ; 
when  open,  it  coalesces  with  tlie  si'-oiid  posterior  cell.  'Wings  glabrous. 
Aiiteiinte  ltJ(?)-jointed.  Tibiie  without  spurs  at  the  tip,  tarsi  with  distinct 
eiupodia. 

Tills  genus  is  undoubtedly  allied  to  Goniomyia,  as  the  general 
appearunce,  tho  coloring,  and  in  part  also  the  venation  of  the 
species  show.  Dr.  Sehincr  {Taana  Audriuca,  Dipkra,  II,  p.  542) 
gave  a  wider  definition  to  GoDiomyia,  so  as  to  ei'ibrace  tliis  grouji 
of  species  also.  I  think,  however,  that  it  is  sufliciently  distinct,  to 
be  introduced  as  a  separate  genus,  leaving  Goiiionnjia  with  its 
former  definition  (as  adopted  l)y  me  in  1S.59).  Empeda  diifcrs 
from  Goniomyia  in  the  following  characters  :  1.  The  marginal 
cross-vein  is  present ;  I)ut  owing  to  the  shortness  of  the  ante  rior 
branch  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  it  is  not  this  branch,  but 
the  i>etiolo  of  tho  first  submarginal  coll,  which  the  cross-vein 
connects  with  the  first  vein  ;  the  cross-vein  is  thus  ])laced  between 
the  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  and  the  fork  of  the 


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[I'AllT  IV. 


tt' 


s('i-iiii<l.  iiml  iit'iinr  to  tlM>  tunnt'i'  tliiiii  to  iIm'  liitt)  r.  (('otiipiiic 
(111-  liLMiiis  "if  iIm'  uilijrs  of  iIk!  Kiirn|>('iill  ,s|K'cii'S  nnhila  and  //'/r,/ 
ill  Si  hiniuiifrH  lirilrinir,  rtc.  Till).  11,  li>;  4  iiiid  f),  wliicli.  in 
rrjrard  l<»  iIm-  |Misiiiiiii  nf  ihc  cross-vciii,  ai(»  in  pcrrcct  a^Tciinrni 
vvillilJH'  Ami'iiraii  ;<|iccics.)  *i.  'I'lio  auxiliary  vein  is  lonjiir  iliiui 
ill  (iiininiiii)iii,  that  is,  it  cxlt'iids  bt'yDiid  tiir  orijiiii  of  liif  stcniKl 
loii^ntiidinal  viin  to  ii  distance  wiiicli  is  (•(|iial  to  iiaH'  tlio  lirrmlili 
uf  llic  wiiiir,  III'  a  litllr  sliortcr;  the  onjss-voiii  is  very  iniir  its 
tip  (this,  ar<'(irdiiijx  lt»  llii!  saiiit-  li|.''iiiTs  of  Sclimiimcl,  is  also  tlio 
disc  wit li  flif  Kiii'iipcaii  species),  li.  Wliciicvcr  iIk;  di.scal  cell  is 
open,  it  ciialcscc.-*  with  the  st'coixl,  iint  with  tiut  /hirtl  poslcijur 
eel!  (Ilic  latter  is  tlie  ease  in  Ouiu'onnjia) ;  in  ntlier  wonls,  it  is  ma 
the  (iii/irior  hraiich  uf  the  fourth  lonjfitudinal  vein,  but  the 
jK>.<lirinr  one,  which  is  forked  (this  nfrain  is  distinctly  nientiniicd 
by  Sihincr,  I.  e.  p.  i'tH,  lines  4  and  14  from  the  bottom,  for  tlio 
Knropean  species,  and  li^rured  by  Schimmn'i).  4.  The  forci|i,s 
of  the  male  has  a  dill'ereiit  struetiife ;  1  am  unable  to  describe  it, 
not  havinjr  ob.served  it  on  any  living  specimen,  but  even  dry  outs 
sho  plainly  that  the  forceps  has  a  more  simple  structure,  and 
none  d"  the  numerous  brunches  which  distinguish  the  forceps  of 
O'uiiiiinn/ia. 

IJesides  the  single  North  American  species,  described  licjow, 
three  Kuropean  species  nnd(Mibtedly  belong  hero  :  Limnnhm 
dihilii  Z«'lt.  (Sehiner);  Limn.  Jlava  Schum.  ;  Limn,  nuhila 
SLdiiim. 

The  name  of  thi.s  new  genus  is  derived  from  f/xrttfioj,  steady, 
unshaken. 


Description  of  the  species. 

1.   E.  stif^niatica,  n.  sp.     %  . — Fuscana.  halteribua  palliiiis,  nlir<  im- 
luaciilatis  ;  cellula  discoidaliH  aperta,  ciini  secmida  posteriori  conthit'iis. 

Brownish,  with  pale  halteres,  iniinaculate  wings,  and  an  open  discal  ctll 
coalescent  witli  the  second  posterior  cell.     Long.  corp.  0.2. 

Dull  J)rouMiish  ;  antennae  black  ;  in  the  male,  with  rather  long 
verticils;  a  sulphur  yellow  spot  on  the  humeri;  halteres  jinle 
yellow;  forceps  of  the  male  reddish-brown  ;  feet  tawny.  AViiijrs 
nearly  hyaline;  veins  brown;  stigma  very  slightly  tinged  with 
brown  ;  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  nearly  in  the  middle  of  llif 
distance  between  the  origin  of  the  prtefurca  and  the  marginal 
cross- vein  ;  the  distance  between  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal 


■f   ■. 


cRvrTot.Ani!*. 


isf) 


vein  ami  tin'  tip  of  tlip  aiilt-riur  Imiiuli  of  ilic  soroiid  is  disfinrily 
(.liorli'i"  tliaii  till!  (listaiicc  Ix'twi'cii  tlic  tips  (»f  Imili  hranclifs 
ot"  llif  second  vein  ;  third  uiid  loiirtli  vt-ins  honirwliat  cou- 
viTiriiip ;  discal  cell  open,  continent  with  the  second  posteriof 
(•(■11  (tor  more  details  altuut  the  venation  conipi'.ro  the  generic 
rimrai'tcrs). 

Hill).  TreiitcMi  Fails,  X.  V.  A  male  specimen  ;  another  one, 
which  is  injured,  has  only  the  thorax  and  the  wings  left. 

Gen.  XXV.    CRYPTO  LA  BIS. 

Two  »iubinnr|{inal  ccUh  ;  the  inner  tnnri/lniil  ctll  is  short  and  almost  tri- 
nminl'ir  (Tiili.  II,  llg.  11),  owing  to  the  sliortiiess  and  the  very  (>bli(iue  course 
of  tlif  iii(i'l'ur(!ii ;  the  origin  of  the  latter  is  a  little  lieyond  tlie  midille  of 
tilt'  leiictli  of  the  wing  ;  four  jiosterior  cells  ;  disail  rvll  apiti :  the  |iostfiior 
branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  forked.  Wings  glabrous,  except 
nn  iiimost  microscopic  pubescence  in  ttie  apical  portion  of  tlie  wing.  An- 
feini.T  l(i  jointed.  Tibire  without  spurs  at  the  tip;  enipodia  distinct. 
Fi)reepfl  of  the  male  with  very  small  horny  appendages ;  ovijwsitor  of  the 
Jtmali'  without  any  apparent  horiiif  valves. 

The  l)(jdy  is  short  and  stout ;  the  antenna?,  if  extended  back- 
wards, would  not  quite  reach  the  root  of  the  wing;  joints  of  the 
fliiui'lliim  oval,  with  rather  htng,  vertieillatc  hairs.  Rostrum 
short;  palpi  with  subcyllndrieal  joints  of  nearly  etjual  length. 
Fci't  rather  short  and  stout,  strongly  pubescent;  those  of  the 
intermediate  pair  much  shorter  than  the  hind  ones;  tibiiu  slightly 
inerassated  towards  the  tip ;  ungues  very  snuill ;  empodia  distinct. 
Tliorncie  suture  distinct.  Wings  (Tab.  II,  fig,  11)  comparatively 
short  and  broad  ;  the  auxiliary  vein  cuds  a  little  beyond  the  origin 
of  the  S(!cond  longitudinal  vein ;  the  rather  indistinct  subcostal 
cross-vein  is  at  a  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  which 
is  etjual  to  about  one  and  a  half  the  length  of  the  great  cross-vein  ; 
owing  to  the  shortness  of  the  prajfurea,  the  subcostal  cross-vein 
is  a  little  anterior  to  the  origin  of  the  latter;  the  branches  (»f  the 
second  vein  and  the  third  vein  are  straight,  the  two  latter  nearly 
parullfl ;  the  veins  separating  the  first,  second,  and  third  postcri(»r 
cells  are  gently  arcuated  ;  the  second  submarginal  cell  is  equal  in 
length  to  the  first  posterior  cell ;  the  discal  cell  being  open,  coa- 
lesces with  the  second  posterior  cell.  Ihe  inner  marginal  cell 
(included  between  the  pnefurca  and  the  marginal  cross-vein)  is 
not  elongated,  as  usual,  but  has  the  shape  of  an  almost  equilateral 


.  ■■     '•■'■,  ir 


,■••  ! 


■  ^'^  " 


■     •>  .  ip/i.  -y 
I/:.,     i  i-    ;•!•  ^^-tm 


,     it 


:<c  '^ 


W-;'-   '■ '  -   -5b  **."'    •      >! 

',  ■• .' ,•■■■■.  .■'■>a 


■  ■ '"  ."liv 


U' 


i  i-i 


isr, 


DIPTEUA  OF  NOKTir  AMKIllCA. 


[PAUT  IV. 


Iriiiiijrlo  ;  this  is  due  to  tin*  short lu'ss  ami  tlic  oltli(iu('  course  of  the 
pru'l'iin-ii.  the  oriiriii  of  wiiich  is  ii  liith'  lu'vond  tin-  niiddlf  ol  iln. 
It'iijrth  oftlie  \viii<i: ;  the  tip  oriiic  prii'fiirca  almost  tvtincidcs  with 
th(!  oriijiii  of  tilt'  tliinl  loiifi-itiidiiial  vein.  The  portion  of  tiic  litiji 
vein  l)t'\oiid  tlie  {ircat  cross-vein  is  at  an  obtuse  an<;le  witii  tlie 
j)revious  course  of  liiis  vein  ;  tiie  sixtli  lonji'itiidinal  vein  is  jreiitiv 
arcuated;  tlie  seventli  nearly  straifilit.  The  forceps  of  the  male 
(Tal).  Ill,  liir.  l;{  from  above,  li^j;.  V.io  from  btdow)  has  two  smull 
horny  appendai;-es  which,  in  the  state  of  repose,  are  cjo-clv 
applied  to  the  under  side  of  the  llosliy  basal  j)ieces  ;  hence,  niid 
owini;  to  their  sniallness,  they  are  indistinct.  The  ovipositor  df 
the  female  is  soft,  obtuse,  without  any  apjiareiit  horny  hiimls 
(Tab.  Ill,  lijr.  \->l>,  side  view;  l.'Jc,  from  above).  This  structiiiv 
of  the  ovipositor  renders  the  reco}i:nition  of  the  sexes  very  dillieiilt 
in  dried  specimens. 

The  <>-enus  Cri/jilolahis  (from  xpvrtroj,  concea'ed,  and  jia.Ji?, 
forceps)  has  been  introduced  by  me  in  iSf)!)  {/'roc.  Acad.  Xil. 
Sci.  riuliid.  )).  '2"24),  for  a  sin<>Ie  species  which  I  discovered  in 
A'ir«rinia.     >.'o  other  species  has  been  added  to  it  since. 


HI  91 


;H 


►     J>:-L  i        ■ 


1.  C.  parailoxa  0.  S.     %  and  J.— Tliorace  livido,  nigro-vitt.ato:  aii- 
teiiiiis  iiigris  ;  {)e(lil)us  basi  pallidiH  ;  alis  iiniiinculatis. 

Thorax  livid,  with  Idaek  stripes  ;  autonna'  Idack  ;  fwt  pale  at  the  basis; 
wings  iniuiaciilatt'.     Long.  corp.  d.l — 0.115. 

Sy.n.    Cri/iitolaliis  jHirado.ra  O.  Sai'Ken,  Proc;.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  I'hil.  IS.'i'.l,  p.  ^.'i. 

Head  blackish  ;  ])alpi  and  antenna'  black.  The  c(dor  of  the 
thora.v  is  livid,  l)ut  it  is  scarcely  apjiarent  between  the  black 
stripes;  the  intermediate  strij)e  is  double;  the  lateral  ones  aio 
extended  Imckwards  b(>yoiul  the  suture;  scutellum  jiale  ;  iinla- 
thorax  dark;  jileurie  blackisii;  ludteres  pale;  feet  hairy  ;  coxa' 
and  base  of  the  femora  i>ale ;  the  tips  of  the  latter  brown  ;  tilnu' 
]»rowiush  tawny,  infuseated  at  the  tip;  the  tarsi  likewise.  Alido- 
]uen  blackish  (often  ^:reenish  in  livinj^  specimens).  Wiiijis  liya- 
line,  without  any  apparent  stigma;  veins  brown,  costal  and 
auxiliary  veins  pale  yellow  ;  the  apical  j)ortioii  of  the  wings  i.s 
slightly  pubescent  along  the  middle  of  the  cells. 

/lot).  White  Sulphur  Springs,  A'a.  Twenty-one  specinious 
taken  im  the  30th  of  June,  I85i). 


;!! 


cLAnriiA. 


Oon.  XXVI.    CLADl'Ri. 


lt<T 


Two  siilnnarginal  cells  (cotnp.in)  above,  p.  :?4,  the  wing  of  ('.  imlirisa)  ; 
tin  poslirior  nils,  the  secoiul  jietiolato  ;  discal  cell  closed  ;  i>r!i'fan;i  arcii- 
ntcil  at  its  origin,  which  is  very  little  anterior  to  the  niiildle  of  the  length 
i,f  till'  wing,  hut  a  eoiisiderahle  distance  anterior  to  tlu-  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
v.iii  (this  distinco  heing  more  than  the  breadth  of  the  wing)  ;  subinstal 
cniss-vcin  a  short  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  seventh 
IdiiL'itudinal  vein  straight.  Wings  glabrous,  except  a  short  iiubesieiuo 
aloiis;  the  veins  in  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing.  Antenna'  Id-Jointed. 
I'Vt't  very  long,  pubescent;  tibia-  without  spurs  at  the  tip  ;  tarsi  with  dis- 
tinct cinpodia  ;  ungues  smooth  on  the  under  side.  The  ui>iier  side  of  the 
l;i>t  ahdoiuiual  segnu'nt  is  horny,  convex,  having  a  rounded  excision 
lictwcen  two  projecting  points  on  its  posterior  margin  (Tab.  IV,  tig.  'J  ', 
forceps  of  ('.  jhtrnfirriniitKn  ;  n,  horny  ('onvexity  ;  ^,  excision)  ;  the  forceps, 
inserted  nnilcr  the  convexity,  is  large,  and  consists  of  a  long,  cylin<liical 
li.isal  joint  and  a  horny  branch  upon  it.  Ovipositor  with  llatlened,  rather 
broad  valves. 

Hostnim  ami  ))al|)i  short ;  last  joint  of  llic  latter  stout  ;  front 
nuKJcratcIy  broad,  very  convex  above  tiu^  eyes;  tlie  lutlrr  jrla- 
brous,  almost  contifrnous  on  the  under  side  of  liie  head.  TIk? 
antenna',  if  l)ent  l)aek\vards,  woidd  reaeli  tlx^  root  of  the  winsxs; 
joints  of  tile  Hagelluni  subeylindrieal,  sii<;lilly  inerassated  at  the 
base;  vertieiis  of  moderate  lenjjtli.  Tiie  winjrs  are  ratlier  lonu- 
luul  comparatively  narrow  ;  tl-e  veins,  on  their  apical  portion, 
show  a  short,  but  distinct  i)ubescenee.  'I'lic  tip  of  tlie  auxiliary 
voIm  is  somewhat  beyond  the  inner  end  of  tiio  iirsi  suiiniariiiiial 
ceil ;  the  latter  is  shorter  than  the  second  subiimrfiMiial  ;  its  pctiule 
is  iibiiut  e<iual  in  length  to  the  interval  lietwceii  the  sulx'ostal  and 
nniffi-inal  .'ross-veins ;  the  marjxiiial  cross-vein  is  in  the  middle 
of  the  (I'stam-e  between  the  subcostal  cross-vein  and  the  tip  of 
the  first  lonu'itmlinal  vein  ;  the  pra'fnrca  is  stroiij^ly  arcnaicd  ;  ilie 
second  snI)maroMiial  and  first  posterior  ceils  are  of  nearly  e(pi;il 
Icnirth;  in  C.  jldro/i'rriKjnii'a  the  second  submai\u-inal  ceil  is 
divided  in  two  parts  by  a  cross-vein  in  itsnuddle;  this  is  iml  the 
case  with  the  other  species,  C.  iiuiinsa  ;  'hero  are  five  pii>li'rior 
cells,  the  petiole  of  the  second  posterior  cei!  is  nincli  shorler  than 
tliis  cell;  the  p<'ntafi'omil  shape  of  the  discal  cell  plainly  slmws 
that  it  is  the  forkinij  of  the  iioiitrrior  bran<'h  of  the  Iniirth  vein 
which  forms  one  of  its  sides;  the  jjreat  cross- vein  is  posterior  to 
the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell;  the  fifth,  si.xth,  and  seventli 
longitudinal  veins  are  almost  straight.      The   presence  of  five 


■^'^'^'■v^^fl 


.v1tV--i. 


'■,(•• 


V' 


"'  I 


!*;'• 


'!  > 


188 


DIPTKRA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


[part  IV. 


posU'rior  culls,  and  the  unusual  ^sizl'  and  structure  of  tlio  male 
iorccps,  render  the  recognition  of  tins  genus  very  easy. 

The  position  of  the  subcostal  cross-vein  near  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  ;  the  shape  of  the  inner  end  of  the  nuirginal  cell, 
which  is  hroad  and  not  pointed,  and  before  all  the  presence  of  live 
posterior  cells — these  characters  show  that  there  is  a  wide  interval 
between  this  genus  and  the  typical  Erinptcrina.  CUidiira  is 
placed  in  this  section  on  acc-^unt  of  the  absence  of  the  spins  m 
the  tip  of  the  til)iai ;  its  general  appearance  is  that  of  Liiinni/  Inla. 
and  the  oidy  character  which  may  be  indicative  of  a  relati(inslii|i 
to  the  /'Jn'ojiieri»a  is  the  pul)escencc  of  the  wing-veins,  which  is 
more  distinct  here  than  is  usual  among  the  LimnopliiUna. 

Chulura  (from  x».a6o{,  branch,  and  6vpj;,  tail,  in  allusion  to  tln' 
forceps  of  the  male)  was  introduced  by  me  in  the  Proc.  Acad. 
Nut.  Sci.  Philad.  1859,  p.  2"2i).  It  has  not  been  discovered  in 
Europe,  and  besides  the  two  North  American  species  described 
below  I  know  of  no  others. 


crus.s-vem 


m 


Description  of  the  species. 

I.  C  flaTOferrilginea  O.S.  %  and  9.— Flavo-ferrncinea;  plnura 
puiictis,  alidoiueu  fasciis  brumiei.s  ;  in  cellulS,  .sul)iiiargiiiali  seciiiula 
vmiula  transversalis  supcrnumeraria  ;  veuuho  trausveisae  omnes  in- 
fuseatfB. 

Fenuginons-yellow ;  plcnrre  spotted,  al)(lonien  banded  with  brown  :  tlic 
pecoiid  sul)inarj;inal  cell  lias  a  snpernnnierary  crci.s-vein  in  the  nii<liilf : 
all  tlie  cross-veins  infuscated.     Long.  coip.  0.3 — 0.35. 

Syx.  Chidura  Jlavofirru<]inca  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  ISfiO.  p.  2iil). 

Rostrum,  palpi,  and  antenna3  pale  ferruginous ;  the  two  latter 
infuscated  at  the  tip;  mesonotum  ferruginous,  shining ;  a  more 
or  iess  apparent  dag:k  line  in  the  middle  ;  a  brown  spf)t  on  the 
humeri  ;  pleura'  pale  yellow ;  wo  brown  spots  between  lln' 
humerus  and  the  l)asis  of  the  wing;  a  third  one  lower,  aliout 
the  middle  of  the  pleurte;  scutellum  and  metathorax  ferrugindiis; 
a  small  black  dot  on  each  side,  between  the  latter  and  the  basis 
!  f  the  halteres  ;  these  are  pale  ;  feet  hairy,  yellowish  ferrugiin'iis; 
tips  of  the  femora,  of  the  tibia?,  and  of  the  tarsi  ])rown.  AIkI"- 
men  ferruginous  ;  lateral  margins  of  the  segments  brown,  unitid 
by  a  pale  l)rown  band  running  across  the  middle  of  each  segnieiit; 
venier  yellow  ;  genitals  ferruginous,  shining.  Wings  yellowisli; 
costa,  first,  and  lifth  longitudinal  veins  ferruginous ;  the  othtr 


CLADL'RA. 


189 


veins  brown  ;  cross-veins  and  origin  of  the  procfurca  clouded  with 
brown  ;  slignui  i)alt' ;  a  supurnumerary  cross-vein  about  the  middle 
of  lilt'  socond  subniarginal  cell. 

llab.  Washington,  1).  C.  ;  October,  November.  Compared 
seven  specinien.s  ;  one  of  them  has  another  supernumerary  cross- 
vtiii  in  the  lirst  subniarginal  cell ;  it  is  a  little  anterior  to  the 
ti'o^i.s-vein  of  the  second  submarginal  cell,  and  occurs  on  both 
wiii,ir.5  of  the  si)eciuieu. 

3.  t".  indivisa  0.  S.     %  and  9. — Flava;  pleuriB  puiictis,  aliJomeu 
fasciis  brumieis  ;  ct'IluU\  siibmargiuali  seciinda  intt'grd. 

Yellow  ;  pleurie  spotted,  abdomen  b:;nded  with  brown ;  the  second  sub- 
marginal  cell  is  not  divided  by  a  supernumerary  cross-vein.      Long. 

coip.  0.28— (1.3. 

Syn.   Cladura  tndiviaa  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18G1,  p.  291. 

Somewhat  smaller  than  the  preceding,  and  paler  in  coloring; 
origin  of  the  prsv^Tiirca  and  cro.^is-vcins  but  indistinctly  clouded  ; 
no  supernume;;  y  cross-vein  in  the  second  subniarginal  cell 
(compare  the  wing  of  this  species,  on  page  IJ4) ;  otherwise,  the 
coloring  is  like  that  of  the  preceding  species. 

Numerous  specimens,  caught  at  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.,  in  Sep- 
tPiiiher,  18()0;  some  of  the  specimens,  probalily  recently  excluded, 
were  pale,  and  without  spots.     Massachusetts  (Scudder). 
14 


^  '•♦ '  '^"   r   *J 


,1    1, 


f 


^   , 


pi 


■*     i.  •* 


MhU 


iii^; 


!  ■ . 


t  ■ 


ii;;' 


iS'ii,  .    4. 


190 


DIPTERA  OF  NOllTII  AMEIUCA. 


[part  IV. 


Section  IV.  LIMNOPIIILINA. 


■  i;  ■' 


Two  submarginal  cells ;  nsnally  five,  seldom  four  posterior  cells  ;  discal 
cell  ginierally  present ;  subcostal  cross-vein  posterior  to  the  origin  of  the 
second  longitudinal  vein,  usually  closely  approximated  to  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  (considerably  distant  from  it  in  Triehovera  only).  Eyes 
glabrous  (pubescent  in  Truhoccnx),  Normal  number  of  antennal  joints 
sixteen. '    Tibiaj  with  spurs  at  the  tip ;  empodia  distinct ;  ungues  smooth. 

Tho  contrast  between  the  eharacters  of  the  two  sections  of 
Limnophilina  and  Limnobina,  has  been  exphiined  under  tin; 
head  of  the  latter.  This  contrast  shows  itself,  moreover,  iu 
anotiier  manner:  AVhile  "the  forms  of  Limnobina,  behjiiiriiif,' 
to  the  temperate  regions  of  Europe  and  America,  afford  but  little 
structural  diversity,  and  their  relationship  is  so  great  and  evidint 
that  one  is  more  tempted  to  unite  them  all  in  one  g  -nus,  than  to 
subdivide  them  in  several"  (compare  above,  p.  ;")!),  proeiscly  the 
contrary  is  the  case  with  the  species  of  Limnophilina.  The  struc- 
tural modifications  they  show  are  so  numerous,  that  the  desire  to 
introduce  new  generic  groups  is  restrained  by  the  fear  of  adopting 
too  many.  At  present,  the  section  Limnojihilina  consists,  i)ro])('riy 
speaking,  of  the  single  genus  Limnophila ;  Triehovera  is  an 
aberrant  form,  singular  in  its  structure  as  in  its  mode  of  life, 
Epiphragma  and  Ulomorphn  are  Limnophilse,  but  sufficiently 
well-defined  forms  to  be  separated  in)mediately,  as  several  otlior 
forms  will  have  to  be  separated,  when  better  known  (compare  the 
genus  Limnophila,  below). 

The  difference  between  the  Limnophilina  and  Eriopterina, 
besides  the  presence  of  spurs  at  the  tip  of  the  tibia;,  consists  in 
the  following  characters  :  The  subcostal  cross-vein  in  the  majority 

'  This  refers  to  the  European  and  North  American  species  ;  (hinnplisiln 
Westw.  has  {%)  18-,  and  (9)  IT-joiuted  antennae;  Ctedonla  Thil.  lias 
15-2-4  joints,  etc. 


^«-. 


MMNOPIIILINA 


101 


of  tlio  Erioptvrinn  is  fiir  atitorior  to  tlio  tip  of  tho  nnxilinry  vrin, 
ill  tilt'  Liuinop/iilind  it  is  usually  at  its  ti[t;  the  En'titilmna,  with 
the  ixct'ptioii  of  {'Indvra,  have  four  posterior  cells,  the  ninjorily 
of  the  Limnophilina  five  ;  iu  the  J'Jriojitcrina  the  diseal  eell  is 
very  often  open  ;  very  rarely  am<iii<i^  the  Limnophilina.  Chnhira 
{Eriopterina),  with  its  five  posterior  cells,  is  very  like  the  Lim- 
nojiliilina ;  on  the  other  hand,  the  Limmqihilinn  witli  four 
posterior  cells  are  very  like  some  Erioptfrina,  as  for  iiistaiicc 
(liKiphomtjin  ;  besides  tho  jjrcseiice  or  absence  of  spurs,  no  im- 
portuiit  structural  ditVerencc  has  liecn  discovered  yet,  in  order  to 
justify  the  present  location  of  these  forms  on  more  than  artificial 
prniiiids;  nevertheless,  such  difl'erences  in  all  probability  exist 
(I'diiiparo  also  p.  I'dCt). 

The  dift'erence  between  the  Limnophilina  and  the  Amalopinn 
consists  in  the  position  of  tiie  subcostal  cross-vein,  and  in  the 
piilK'scence  of  the  eyes  of  tho  latter.  In  both  characters,  Tri- 
chorn-a  shows  an  approach  to  the  Amalopinn.  Another  imi)ort- 
aiit  ditlerence  is  to  be  found  in  the  structure  of  the  penultimate 
posterior  cell.  \\\\\\v  Amalopina  this  cell  (compare  th-.  Tab.  II, 
fijj.  14-18)  is  evidently  formed  by  the  fork  of  the  poster iov 
branch  of  the  fourth  vein.  In  tho  Limnophilina  this  ceil  looks 
in  most  cases  as  if  its  presence  was  merely  due  to  a  cross-vein, 
separating  it  from  the  diseal  cell ;  and  indeed  in  the  few  abnormal 
specimens  that  came  under  my  observation,  in  which  the  di.scal 
cell  was  open,  it  coalesced  with  the  penultimate  posterior  cell,  and 
not  with  the  cell  preceding  it,  as  it  always  does  in  the  Amalopina  ; 
in  such  specimens,  the  anterior  branch  of  the  fourth  vein  had  a 
ili)ul)le  fork,  like  DoUvhopeza  (compare  ^leigen,  A'ol.  VI,  Tab. 
r»o,  lig.  10,  or  Walker,  Inx.  Brit.  DipL  Tab.  XXVIII,  fig.  .S />). 
I  liave  not  met  with  any  Lininophilina  yet,  which  have  the  diseal 
cell  normally  0])en  (exce])t  the  abortive  form  Jthicnoptila ;  com- 
pare p.  108).  This  peculiarity  in  the  structure  of  the  diseal 
cell  and  of  the  penultimate  posterior  cell  in  Limnophila  de- 
serves to  be  noticed,  although  it  has  been  too  little  observed  yet 
to  allow  any  general  conclusions  (compare  the  Introduction, 
p.  33). 

The  genera  Amalopis  and  Pedicia  have,  in  the  majority  of 
cases,  tho  fir.st  submarginal  cell  longer  than  the  second,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  peculiar  structure  of  the  fork  of  the  second  vein  (as  iu 
Tab.  II,  tig.  14);  such  is  never  the  case  among  the  Limnophilina. 


f  I  mmm 

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192 


DTPTEUA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  it. 


Tlic  Limnophiliua  are  fiirtlior  distiiiffiiisliod  by  tlie  ito.siiion 
of  tlio  grout  eross-vt'in,  which  is  gfiicrully  furlhor  Itoyoiul  tlic 
iniRT  t'litl  of  the  diseal  et'll  timn  is  usualh'  tlie  case  anidiig  ilic 
Tij).  hri'vtpulpi.  In  Trirhocvrn  this  cross-vein  is  at  the  very 
end  of^tlie  diseal  cell.  Kxceptions  occur,  husvevc'r  (conipaii  tlio 
genus  Ijimnophila  at  the  end). 

.Several  remarkable  foreign  forms  of  LimnojihiUna  have  liccn 
described,  but  as  I  have  not  had  the  opportunity  to  stuily  tliciii 
I  will  merely  enumerate  them  here.  (The  descriptions  of  tliesc 
genera,  with  the  necessary  remarks  and  quotations,  are  repro- 
duced or  translated  in  the  Appendix  II.) 

Gi/twplixtia  Westw'.  is  a  LinDiophUa  with  unipcctinate  an- 
tenme  in  both  sexes;  several  species  have  been  described  tidui 
Australia  and  South  America.  Mr.  West  wood  has  even  de- 
scribed one,  G.  annulala,  from  North  America.  The  descrii)li(iii 
is  reproduced  in  the  Appendix  I. 

(Jlcdonia  Philijipi,  from  Chile,  seems  in  no  way  distinct  from 
a  South  American  Gijnoplidia ;  Cloniophora  Schiner,  from 
Australia,  is  established  upon  Gi/noplistia  subfaHciala  "Walker, 
a  species  which  shows  some  structural  peculiarit"'S, 

Cerozodla  Westw.  from  Australia,  seems  also  to  belong  to  tho 
LimnophiUna;  it  has  32-jointed,  pectinate  antenna?. 

Pohjmoria  Philippi,  with  five  species  from  Chile,  may  be  one 
of  the  numerous  forms  of  Limnophila,  although  the  statenients 
of  the  authoi  are  not  complete  enough  to  admit  of  any  conclusion. 

Lachnocera  Philippi,  from  Chile,  is  either  a  Limno})hila  with 
four  posterior  cells,  or  perhaps  a  genus  related  to  Goniomijia 
(Eriopterina).  The  densely  pubescent  antennie  of  this  genus 
remind  of  the  antennaB  of  Limnophila  Icnta  O.  S.,  which  has  al.^^u 
four  posterior  cells  and  a  venation  not  quite  unlike  Lochnoccro. 

The  LimnophiUna  contained  in  the  Prussian  amber  are  (piitu 
numerous.  Mr,  Loew's  pamphlet,  Beiv^dcin  unci  Bern.stein- 
fauna,  1850,  merely  gives  tho  names  of  tho  genera  and  species, 
without  descriptions,  but  owing  to  the  author's  kindness,  I  have 
had  a  glimpse  at  the  specimens,  which  convinced  me  of  the  close 
analogy  of  some  of  them  to  North  American  forms.  Gylindm- 
toma  longicornis  Lw.  is  a  Limnophila,  closely  allied  to  L.  v\acro- 
cera  Say,  by  its  long,  pubescent  antennae,  its  somewhat  elongated 
last  joint  of  the  palpi,  and  its  venation.  Cylindrot.  brevicornis  Lw. 
is  a  Limnophila  of  the  typo  of  L.  tenuipes  Say ;  Cijlindr.  euccini 


EPIPHRAOMA. 


103 


and  Innrjipos  Lw.  arc  likewise  Limmtphiliv.  The  pjonns  To)vjmcra 
]j\v.  coiitiiiii.s  T.  (/racilivornis,  which  iK'hip.ijs  to  the  relationship  of 
tlie  North  Aiiiericaii  Lininajihild  rccondila  O.  S.  Tdin/xii/ii/rd 
Lw.  and  (Jritoneiiru  Lw.  seem  likewise  to  he  LimnopliUfv.  Tiio 
anilier  genus  Trirhoneura  Lw.  i.s  di.stingui-sheil  by  tlie  first  lonjii- 
tudinal  vein  being  incurved  towards  the  second,  and  ending  in  it, 
almost  as  in  the  Cylindrotomina.  I  take  it  to  be  a  JuiimajJiila 
with  four  posterior  cells  ;  what  api)ears  to  be  the  end  of  the  lirst 
vein,  is  in  reality  the  nuirgiiuil  cross-vein,  whereas  the  real  end  of 
this  vein,  touching  the  costa,  is  visible,  but  feebly  marked;  this 
.structure  reminds  of  a  sinnlar  one,  often  occurring  among  the 
Lbnnohina  (compare  Tab.  I,  fig.  2,  the  wing  of  Dicranotnijia 
jmbipennU),  but  not  observed  among  the  Liinuo/i/iiliiia.  The 
shortness  of  the  au.xiliary  vein  in  Trichonrnra,  the  course  of  the 
central  cross-veins,  the  position  of  the  great  cros.s-vein,  etc.,  re- 
mind of  the  wing  of  lAmnophila  qtiadrafa  (Tab.  II,  fig.  9),  and 
convince  me  that  Trichoneura  is  related  to  it. 


i'ff' 


■.•     ^  •# 


Gen.  XXVII.   EPIPIIRAUMA. 

Two  siibmarginal  cells ;  five  posterior  cells  ;  discal  cell  dosed ;  snb- 
costal  cross-Vein  at  the  tip  of  the  aiiriiliary  vein  ;  a  siijicniumind-i/  c/o.v.v- 
rein  hdiceen  the.  casta  and  the  aiixiliari/  n  in.  Wings  glahrou.-!,  h.inilsoniel  v 
pictured.  Kyes  glabrous.  Antennte  l(J-jointed  ;  two  basjil  joints  of  tlie 
llagelliim  incrassated,  almost  coalescent.  Tibia;  with  spurs  at  the  tip; 
euipofUa  distinct ;  ungues  suiooih. 

The  antenna),  bent  backwards,  do  not  reach  beyond  the  basis 
of  the  wings;  basal  joint  elongated  cylindrieal,  second  joint  short, 
cyathiform;  third  joint  elongated,  incrassated;  a  suture  a  little 
beyond  its  middle  indicates  that  it  consists  of  two  almost  coales- 
cent joints;  the  following  joints  are  elongated,  slender,  with 
rather  long  verticils.  Collare  moderately  developed  ;  thoraeie 
suture  deep.  Feet  rather  strong;  the  s^purs  at  the  tip  of  the 
tihioi  comi>aratively  long  and  distinct.  The  wings  (Tab.  II,  fig. 
8,  wing  of  A',  nolairb')  are  broad  and  handsomely  pictured  in  all 
the  known  species.  The  venation  is  nearly  the  same  in  the  thice 
species  which  I  have  before  iiu':  there  is  a  strong  supernunieriiiy 
cross-vein  between  the  au.xiliary  vein  and  the  costa  ;  the  origin 
of  the  pnefurca  is  very  strongly  arcuated,  often  with  a  stump  <if 
a  vein  ;  the  petiole  of  the  lirst  submarginul  cell  is  loiigiT  tliiui 
the  great  cross-vein  in  E.  jnvia  aud/asc/^t'/iHi.s;  shorter  than  tho 
13     Sept.,  1868. 


..V 


194 


PIPTKRA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


■■  i 


jj;n'at  cross-voin  in  /:,'.  ttolulriu- ;  the  iiiuor  ciuls  of  the  scroml 
submarjfinal,  ul'  llie  firnt  posterior,  and  of  tlie  diseal  cells  are 
nearly  in  oik;  line  ;  llie  fuurth  vein  urijfiiiates  from  the  liftii  smiuc- 
wiiut  fartlu-r  tlmn  usual  from  the  root  of  the  winji^,  and  its  orijiin 
is  very  much  arcuated.  The  abilonien  has,  a  little  before  tin- 
middle  of  the  segments,  a  transverse  impressed  line,  smootii  and 
shiniii}^  at  the  bottom,  interrupter!  in  the  middle,  and  of  a  darker 
coloring  than  the  surface  of  the  abdomen  ;  these  lines  e.visl  in 
several  other  genera,  but  arc  not  so  conspicuous  ns  here.  The 
foR'eps  of  the  male  is  large,  with  an  open  si>ace  in  the  middle, 
even  when  it  is  closed  ;  in  structure  it  is  not  unlike  that  of  the 
tyj)ical  Limnojihilu  ;  only  both  appendages  fastened  to  the  sub- 
cylindrical  basal  i»ieces  seem  to  bo  of  a  horny  te.xture ;  the  inner 
one  is  flattened.     The  ovipositor  is  slender  and  arcuated. 

Epiphrafjma  (from  tni,  upon,  and  ti'ay/ua,  partition)  was  intro- 
duced by  me  as  a  subgenus  of  Limnoplula  in  the  rroc.  Acad.  Nal. 
Sci.  I'/iilad.  1859,  p.  2;J8.  It  is  suHicicntly  well  characterized, 
however,  to  be  permanently  separated  from  Limnophita.  Besides 
one  European  (E.  jiicla  Lin.)  and  two  North  American  species, 
I  have  seen  a  couple  of  South  American  ones  in  European  col- 
lections; E.  hiafrio  Sehiner,  from  Columbia,  is  one  of  them 
{Itciae  d.  lYofartt,  etc.  p.  11), 


T'-,- 


1.  E.  fascipeiinis  Sav.  %  and  9. — Aire  maculis  pallide  fuscis, 
obscure  fusco-margiuatis,  subrotundis,  contluentibus,  fasciaa  for- 
nuintibus. 

Wings  with  pale  brown  spots,  margined  with  dark  brown,  more  or  less 
rounded,  coullueut,  and  terming  bauds  across  the  wiug.     Long.  corp. 


Syn.   Limnobia /(tsri/K'iinis  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  Ill,  19, 1. — Wied. 
Aiiss.  Zw.  I,  31,  U. 
Limnopltilii  (^K)>i]ihra<jiiui)  jmvonina  0.  Sacken.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil. 
1859,  p.  239. 

Head  brownish,  with  a  yellowish,  sericeous  reflection  ;  palpi 
brown  ;  antenuii)  browni.sh  ;  basal  joint  with  a  yellowish  bloom  ; 
the  two  or  three  basal  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  reddish-yellow. 
Thora.x  brownish  ;  the  mesonotum  has  a  broad  chestnut  brown 
anterior  margin  ;  the  remainder  of  its  surface,  as  well  as  the 
scutellura  and  the  nietathora.x,  are  of  an  opacjuc  yellowish-gray; 
the  separations  of  the  usual  stripes  are  marked  by  pale  brownish 


EPlPIIRAdMA. 


105 


lini's;  )>lcurrc  witli  a  yollowisli  .soriceous  roflpction ;  halt(!r<'S  \mU\ 
Imsis  tif  tlin  kiiub  iiil'iiscatud.  Alxloiiieii  brownish,  witli  a  gray 
ihist,  formiii}?  two  more  or  It-ss  di-stiiict  longitudinal  strip*'.-  along 
the  l)a('k.  Fcot  yellowish  tawny  ;  femora  with  a  brown  band  at 
till'  lip,  somctimeH  with  a  seeond  one,  preceding  it ;  tips  of  tho 
tiliiii'  and  of  tho  tarsi  brown.  Wings  with  a  pale  brown  i>icture, 
the  margins  of  which  are  <larker  brown  ;  the  spots,  taken  singly, 
lire  nmrt!  or  less  eircular,  bnt  most  of  t'  'ni  are  confluent,  so  as  to 
fui'iii  several  bands  across  the  wing.  Two  principal  bands  thus 
fiirmed  by  confluent  circular  spots  occupy  the  middle  of  the  wing; 
one  runs  from  the  costa  across  the  origin  of  the  pra-furcn  to  tlio 
tip  of  the  seventh  vein  ;  the  other  is  broader  and  begins  at  the 
t'dsta,  includes  the  discal  cell,  and  ends  at  the  posterior  margin 
on  liotli  sides  of  the  tips  of  the  fifth  and  si.xth  veins;  a  smaller 
brown  )»ieture  fills  the  basal  portion  of  the  wing,  and  seven  almost 
cunlluent  round  spot.s,  the  apical  portion. 

J/iih.  United  States.  I  have  seen  specimens  from  Georgia  (Ber- 
lin .Miiseuni),  Maine  (Packard),  and  Illinois  (Kennicott),  and  have 
tiiki'ii  tliein  alamdantly  in  May  and  June  near  Washington,  I).  C, 
and  in  the  White  Mountains.  A  number  of 'the  si)cciiiH'ns  from 
the  latter  locality  have  the  picture  on  the  wings  very  pale,  almost 
obsolete,  and,  at  first  sight,  might  be  taken  for  adifl'erent  species, 

3.  E.  solatrix  0.  S.  %  and  9  • — Alae  picture  irregular!  fusco  et  tes- 

tiueo  iiiixti. 

Wind's  with  an  irregular  picture,  which  is  brown,  mixed  with  yellowish 

(Tab.  II,  fijj.  8,  wing).  Long.  corp.  0,45. 

Sy.v.    Limnophila  (Epiphragma)  solatrix  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil. 
1859,  p.  238. 

Head  brownish,  sericeous  with  yellowish  ;  rostrum  and  palpi 
brown  ;  antennaj  brownish ;  basal  joint  dusted  with  gray ;  the 
st'i'uiid  brown,  the  basal  joint  of  the  flagellum  reddish-yellow. 
Tliora.\  brownish ;  mesonotuni  of  a  handsome  reddish-browu 
anteriorly,  with  .somewhat  darker  stripes ;  the  posterior  part  of 
the  niosoiiotum,  as  well  as  the  scutellum  and  the  metathorax,  arc 
of  a  peculiar  whitish  or  yellowish-white,  with  a  sericeous  reflec- 
tion;  pleura3  partly  brown,  partly  sericeous  with  yellowish; 
lialteres  pale,  a  part  of  the  knob  brown ;  feet  yellowish,  with  a 
brown  band  before  the  tip  of  the  femora.  Wings  variegated  with 
brown  and  tawny;  the  costal  cell  contains  two  angular  browu 


•i't^- 


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190 


DIl'fEnA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  IV, 


imirks,  Ix'sidos  the  two  iiifiiwcatcil  cross- voins  (Immoral  tiiid  siipcr- 
iiuiiK'niry) ;  a  larjje  spot  is  situatod  at  the  basis  of  tlic  wiiitr, 
between  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  the  posterior  niarj^in ;  ii> 
anterior  part  is  tawny,  the  remainder  brown  r,  a  l)ro\vn  hiiinl 
begins  at  the  posterior  margin,  before  tiie  tip  of  the  seventh 
hmgitudinnl  vein;  it  extends  to  the  fourth  vein,  where  it  assmncs 
a  tawny  color  and  emits  two  branches ;  the  posterior  bruiirh  is 
conneeted  with  the  two  angular  nuirks  in  the  costal  '.'ell ;  tln' 
anterior  branch  expands  into  a  large  brown  spot,  ocrupyini;'  u 
considerable  portion  of  the  marginal  ccdl  and  emitting  a  braiuli 
which  runs  along  the  central  cross-veins,  as  far  as  the  fifth  viin; 
the  apical  portioi»  of  the  wing  contains  a  band,  running  acrip>s 
from  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  to  the  tips  of  the 
fifth  and  sixth  veins  ;  this  band  emits  a  branch  towards  the  apex 
of  the  wing.  All  these  bands  are  very  irregular,  and  they  viiiv 
in  extent  in  different  .specimens;  those  of  the  ajjical  portion  uf 
the  wing  are  surrounded  with  irregular  dots,  streaks,  etc. 

Ilab.  Washington,  I).  C,  in  July  and  August.  A  IJraziiian 
specimen  in  the  Berlin  Museum  seems  to  belong  to  this  species, 

Gen.  XXVIII.   LIMIVOPIIILA. 

Two  sul)inargiiial  cells  ;  usually  five,  seldom  four  posterior  cells  ;  discal 
cell  closed ;  subcostal  cross-vein  posterior  to  the  origin  of  the  scfoiil 
longitudinal  vein,  usually  closely  approximated  to  the  tip  of  the  auxili:iry 
vein.  Wings  glabrous.  Eyes  glabrous.  AntennoB  16-jointed.  Tibi.u  with 
spurs  at  the  tip  ;  empodia  distinct ;  ungues  smooth. 

The  diversity  of  forms,  comprised  under  this  definition  of 
Limiiophila,  has  already  been  alluded  to  above  (p.  100).  1  iiiivu 
not  been  able  to  introduce  a  satisfactory  natural  arrangeimnt, 
partly  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  the  task,  partly  owing  to  the 
limited  materials  at  my  disposal,  especially  with  regard  to  the 
European  fauna.  Epiijhrarjma  and  Ulovio:  pha,  two  small,  but 
apparently  well  circumscribed  genera,  I  have  separated  lioiii 
Limnophila ;  but  it  would  be  pi'emature,  1  think,  to  do  the  same 
with  some  of  the  other  subdivisions,  adopted  by  me  in  lS;VJ. 
Some  American  species,  discovered  by  me  since,  do  not  exactly 
answer  the  definitions  of  those  subdivisions,  as  I  understood  llieiii 
at  that  time ;  often,  the  relationship  is  evident,  but  dilReult,  to 
define  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  The  present  genus  is  therefore 
left  in  an  uufinishcd  condition. 


,v,c  'i^ii 


LIMNOl'ITir-A. 


1P7 


Tlio  (lidlciilty  poiisistH  in  discovoriti^'  tho  proper  cliaracft'rs  for 
u  >.iilt(livisi()n.  Sonio  clmractcrs,  very  strikiiijr  at  first  sijflit, 
iinivf,  upnii  CDiiiparisoii,  to  1k!  of  a  sccoiulary  valiu'.  Wv  find, 
for  iiistiincc,  a  imiiilier  of  [jiiniinphihr  wliicli,  in  tlie  malt'  sex, 
Imvi'  tiic  antciiiiu!  much  loii^;er  than  in  tlic  fomalo,  and  of  a  dilVcr- 
eiit  >tnM'iur('.  Tiiis  wouUl  sccni  a  f?ood  character  for  a  siil)- 
(livi<inM.  Jlut  wo  soon  discover  that  L.  leniiipi-s  Say,  with  lont^ 
aiitciiiiii'  in  the  male,  is  very  closely  related  to  the  Knropean  />. 
(lifrliulliK  Meifreii,  and  to  the  North  American  L.  rvi-ontlihi, 
wliiili  have  short  nnlenniu  in  \nA\\  sexes,  whereas  it  is  much 
less  related  to  some  other  species  with  lonj;  anteiime  in  the  nniio 
sex.  Ill  the  sam<!  way,  the  nnml)er  of  posterior  cells  is  a  character 
of  a  very  secondary  value  for  any  subdivision  al)ovo  a  specilic 
one;  I  holieve,  for  instance,  that  A.  (jiKKlraln,  with  four  posterior 
cells,  is  more  related  to  L.  (r)iiii]}('.'<,  which  has  five,  than  to  some 
other  species  with  four  posterior  cellr.  The  presence  of  a  cross- 
vein  ill  the  seconil  basal  cell,  upon  which  Maccjuart  has  based  his 
genus  IiUoittvra,  is  not  a  sufficient  character  to  be  used,  unsup- 
ported by  others,  for  tin;  establishment  of  a  genus.  The  si)ecies 
wliieli  Mac(piart  would  Jiave  placed  in  this  genus  are  more  closely- 
related  to  souk;  species  without  such  a  cross-vein  (to  L.  jxx'tica, 
for  instance),  than  to  the  subgenus  Ephelia,  which  is  also  dis- 
tinguished by  this  cross-vein. 

The  most  reliable  characters  to  guide  us  arc  those  taken  from 
the  structure  of  the  male  forceps ;  but  in  order  to  be  available, 
they  must  be  supported  by  characters  supplied  by  other  parts  of 
the  organization.  Those  Limuophilse  which,  like  the  sul)genera 
Dachjiolabis,  Frionolabis,  and  Ephelia,  have  a  forceps  of  a  very 
peculiar  structure,  are  the  best  entitled  to  a  separation.  The 
remaining  Limnophilse,  with  a  forceps  of  the  typical  shape  (Tab. 
IV,  lig.  24,  25),  would  then  form  a  still  numerous  genus,  sub- 
flivided  in  groups,  indicative  of  different  degrees  of  relationship 
lictween  the  species.  I  have  to  confine  myself  for  the  present 
to  an  account  more  historical  than  critical,  of  the  subdivisions 
hitherto  adopted  by  other  authors  as  well  as  by  myself;  I  will 
add  to  it  suggestions  about  some  affinities  which  I  perceive,  but 
which  are  of  too  vague  a  nature  yet  as  to  be  available  immedi- 
ately. 

1.  The  subgenus  Prioiiolabia  0.  S.  (Proc.  Acad.  Kaf.  Sci. 
I'hilad.  1859,  p.  239),  has  Limnophila  riijibasis  O.  S.  for  type; 


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MPTKUA  OF  NoriTII  AMKIIIOA. 


[PAIIT  IV. 


till'  iiiitrr  ii|)|H'ii(la^os  of  tilt'  mule  forceps  (Till).  IV,  fip;.  "21,  fivm 
iiltDVt'.  (i|MMi)  are  liuriiy,  Itirge,  Hti'uiijf,  scrnili'd  on  tlio  iiisitlr  ;  tin; 
inner  ones  {h  h  of  tliu  li^:n^e)  are  not  jmrallel  to  llie  (inter  imir, 
ami  also  (lilVerenl  from  the  nsuul  strnetiire.  The  ovi|iositor  of  tin; 
female  Is  loii^  and  reniarkaljly  htrai^ht  ;  the  feet  rather  stout, 
hairy;  the  anteiiiiie  c'om|iaratlvely  short  in  liotii  sexes,  stniit, 
hairy;  their  vertlelLs  hut  littlo  a|»iiareiit  ;  the  \viii>f-veiiis  stdiit, 
often  infnseateil ;  the  venation  liku  Tul).  11,  fi^.  .'{.  The  mw 
species  LimnniiJiila  tniimla,  doscrihed  helow,  sliarcH  most  of  iln; 
aliove  cliaracters,  and  nniy  also  he  considered  as  a  Prionnltiltiii. 

2.  The  snlijfemis  Daihjluhbiti  O.  S.  {Proc.  Acml.  Xal.  Si-I, 
rinlinl  IS.")'.),  p.  ■J40).  Type:  Limnni>fiiln  vion/aiiu  0.  f^.  The 
forceps  of  tho  malo  (Tab.  IV,  lij^.  2(1,  frouj  ul)ove,  closed;  l'i; f/ 
from  tilt)  side)  has  dij^itiform  appendages  of  a  soft  texture,  not 
horny,  and  not  overlapping  each  other  in  repose;  ovipositur  of 
the  feiiiale  with  siiort,  rather  broad  upper  valves,  abruptly  tiipci-- 
iiig  towards  tlie  tip;  feet  very  long,  slender;  wings  usually 
spotted  ;  l)oth  liranche.s  of  the  secoinl  vein  and  the  third  vein  iiru 
long,  rather  straight;  lirst  sul)niarginal  cell  very  long;  gnat 
cross-vein  near  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell  (Tab.  II,  fig.  ')] 
head  narrowed  posteriorly;  collare  broad;  antennie  comparatively 
slioit,  verticils  short,  bristle-like.  Since  the  adoption  of  this  .miIi- 
genus,  I)r.  Schiner  lias  introduced  it  a.s  a  genns,  including  live  ur 
si.x  European  species;  they  arc  closely  related  to  JJ.  monlann. 
and  have  the  same  spots  or  clcjuds  on  the  cross-veins  and  at  tin' 
origin  of  some  of  the  veins,  the  intervals  of  the  veins  being  with- 
out spots.  One  of  the  European  species,  ]J.  dilatata  Loew,  !:< 
very  large,  and  has  the  wings'reniarkably  dilated  anteriorly.  Tlic 
North  American  Liuincphila  cubitalis,  of  which  I  have  seen  only 
dried  specimens,  soonis  to  have  a  forceps  of  a  structure  analogous 
to  that  of  Ihictylolabis;  the  ovipositor  seems  to  be  peculiar  (coin- 
pare  the  description  of  the  species  below)  ;  the  venation  and  lln' 
structure  of  the  antennaj  are  not  unlike  those  of  Duvtijlohibiif ;  but 
the  feet  are  stouter,  and  the  wings  without  any  spots.  If  J  had 
followed  Dr.  Schiner's  precedence  in  adopting  DactylolubiA  u,s  a 
genus,  I  would  have  been  in  doubt  whether  this  species  beloiijrs 
to  it  or  not.  Rhicnoplila  Now.  (Verh.  Zool.  Hot.  Ges.  in  M'ien, 
1807),  specimens  of  which  were  kindly  communicated  to  me  Ijy  Dr. 
Schiner,  is  a  Dacti/hlabis  with  somewhat  abortive  wings.  The 
wings  are  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  rather  narrow ;  the  venatiou 


MMNoPllir.A. 


109 


\<  tlint  of  Dncliffolfl'i'*,  with  the  I'nlluwiiijr  •liflTt'iTiuM's  :  tin;  disciil 
icll  i>  (i|H'ii  and  (;oiili'S('('iit  witli  tlie  luiu'lli  posttTior  cell ;  ihcrc 
i^  ii  .^iiiMTiiumcrary  cross-vein  in  tin;  first  Kultinurffiiml  i-t'li.  'I'Ik; 
l)(i(lv  i^  sliorlcr  iMul  stouter,  tlic  feet  stronj^er  timn  in  Itmii/li'luhis. 
Tiu'se  (liU'erenees  notwitlistandin^^,  I  do  not  tliinlv  tlint  tlic  sepu- 
laiiini  lit'  Ji/iirnn/ifila  from  Jtactijlolahiri  is  iii'fcssury.  'I'lie  oidy 
flMcJi's,  li   H'(><lzir/,ii,  occurs  in  Austria. 

;l.  Tlie  sul)<f(nius  Laidomnxli.r  ().  S.  {/'ror.  AfOil.  Xul.  S'-i. 
I'hildd.  is.V.l,  p.  "2X1).  Very  ionj?  liliforni  antenna'  in  tiie  male, 
Hliiiiit  lis  loiif?  as  tiu!  l)ody,  witii  a  lonjr,  erect  pulieseence  on  tlie 
(laifelluni ;  palpi  unusually  lonj;;  forceps  soniewluit  peculiar,  etc. 
(niiiipan?  helow,  tlio  description  of  tlie  species).  Oidy  a  sinjilu 
Noitli  Anieri(!an  species,  A.  umrrorera  Say,  is  known.  The 
Limniijihila  loiu/iroriiiH  Loow,  contained  in  amber,  seems  to  he 
I'l'lulfd  to  this  species. 

4.  Suhi,'euus  Dicranophrnrjina  O.  S.  {Proc.  Acad.  Nnt.  Sfi. 
riiildd.  IsftO,  p,  240),  distiufyuished  by  a  cross-vein,  connecting 
lioth  bran(!hes  of  the  second  vein.  The  only  North  American 
."ipirii's,  1).  fu/icovfiria,  is  a  delicate,  rather  small  species,  \viti» 
slt'iiiltT  foet  and  broad  wings,  rounded  posteriorly,  and  densely 
tpotted  with  brown. 

5.  JtUi)jitcra,  introduced  as  a  gronus  by  Macquart  (///x/.  Krittir. 
bil't.  1,  p.  04),  hn.s  beeni  aihipted  in  Dr.  Schiner's  work  (1.  c.  II, 
p.  548).  It  is  principally  based  upon  the  presence  of  a  suiier- 
miiiu'rary  cross-vein  in  the  second  basal  cell.  The  antenna)  of  the 
male  arc  much  longer  than  those  of  the  female,  filitbrm,  j)ul)es- 
ci'iit ;  the  body  slender,  the  wings  banded  with  brown,  etc.  Two 
Kunipean  and  one  North  American  species  are  known ;  tliey  are 
very  closely  allied,  and  the  picture  of  tlieir  wings  is  nearly  the 
same.  The  wings  in  the  female  of  one  of  the  European  species 
art'  abortive. 

fi.  Ephelia,  a  genus  introduced  by  Dr.  Schincr(l.  c.  II,  p.  540), 
is  likewise  based  upon  the  presence  of  a  su|)ernumerary  cross- 
vein  in  the  second  basal  cell;  the  anteiinie  are  short  in  both 
si'.xes,  the  wings  are  rather  broad  and  spotted  with  brown,  the 
!>pots  lying  along  the  margin  and  on  the  veins.  Two  European 
aiul  one  American  species  arc  known.  The  forceps  of  the  hitter 
(Tab.  IV,  fig.  23)  has  the  outer  horny  appendag(!s  st(»ut,  blunt, 
biiid  at  the  tip,  and  therefore  sufiicieutly  distinct  from  the  usual 


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2U0 


DIPTEUA  OF  NOUTII  AMLIUCA. 


[PAUT  IV. 


type?  of  the  genus  Limnopliila.    I  have  not  had  an  opportunity  to 
exiiniino  the  forcei)S  of  the  European  species. 

T.  /'(frildxlold,  a  genus  a{loj)ted  by  Dr.  Schiner  (h  c.  ][,]), 
T);')!)  for  four  European  species  of  large  size  and  with  spotted 
wiiiiTS.  No  American  species,  belonging  here,  are  known  as  yit; 
and  1  have  not  had  sulHcient  opportunity  to  study  the  p]iu'o])(;iii 
six'cies.  P.  2>ictij)enniii  reminds  of  LimnophUa  luteipeniux  in 
the  .'Structure  of  its  head  and  thorax ;  P.  imnclala  is  quite  dilTi  r- 
ent  in  tliis  respect,  and  P.  harbipea  still  more  so.  The  ahovc 
quoted  si)ecies,  it  seems  to  me,  .show  a  leaning  towards  Prioiu,. 
labifi  on  one  side,  and  to  the  group  of  which  L.  lutciperuiis  0.  S. 
is  tlie  type  on  the  other.  Like  the  latter  group,  the  spcciis  of 
Pcerilotitola  have  the  pits  on  the  humeral  part  of  the  mesoiiotiiin 
very  distinct,  and  also  the  corresponding  blackish  double  dots  vu 
the  front  part  of  the  intermediate  stripe  of  the  thorax. 

8.  LimnophUa  luteipennis  O.  S.,  L.  contemjAa,  n.  sp.,  ami/,, 
inornojn,  n.  sp.,  form  a  natural  group,  distinguished  by  the  sliiiu- 
ture  of  tlie  head,  narrowed  behind  ;  a  neck-like  prolongation  of 
the  collarc  ;  the  venation  (length  of  the  second  submarginal  cijl, 
arcuated  course  of  the  posterior  branch  of  the  second  vein,  in- 
curved tip  of  the  seventh  vein,  etc  ,  compare  Tab.  II,  fig.  ](i,  tip' 
wing  of  L.  hdeij)ennis)  ;  the  structure  of  the  antcnme,  tlic  jnims 
of  the  flagellum  of  which  are  rather  elongated,  with  distinct,  imt 
moderately  long  verticils,  etc.  These  species  have  very  dislimi 
l^its  on  the  humeral  part  of  the  mcsonotum,  and  a  corresjiomlii  ir 
double  dot  on  the  antei'ior  part  of  the  intermediate  thonnic 
stripe.  Their  forceps  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  25,  forceps  of  L.  l.deijiciini^, 
half  open)  has  nothing  peculiar  in  its  structure,  and  beloiiu.-  tna 
type  rather  common  among  the  Limn  o  phi  I  ae.  I  have  sitn  uiif 
or  two  Europ(!an  species  belonging  to  the  same  group. 

9.  LimnophUa  temiijjes  Say,  imhecilla  0.  S.,  recondila  0.  S., 
and  the  YAn'o])Ciin  discicoUis  Meig.,  are  evidently  allied ;  tlnir 
venation  is  the  same;  the  inner  ends  of  the  second  subiiiaruiiial 
and  first  posterior  cells  are  in  one  line  ;  the  small  cross-vein  i; 
perceptibly  arcuated;  the  first  submarginal  cell  is  short  aiul  I 

a  long  ))etiole ;  the  pra?furca  is  long  and  forms  a  very  striiidit 
line  with  this  petiole  ;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  comparatively  .slinn, 
and  ends  before  the  inner  end  of  the  second  subnmrginal  cell :  the 
marginal  cross-vein  is  generally  somewhat  oblique,  etc.  Tliu 
joints  of  the  flagellum  are  elongated,  slender,  with  very  Ion;.' 


LIMNOPIIILA. 


201 


verticils  (llio  antpimoe  of  L.  Iciniipcs,  %,  are  very  loiif^,  filiform; 
c()iiil>iiro  tiio  (IcscTlption  of  this  si)eeies).  The  voiiatioii  of  this 
finiiil)  rcscnil^les  that  of  L.  qnadrala  0.  S.  (Tab.  II,  lij^.  \)), 
altliiiuuli  tiio  latter  has  only  four  posterior  cells,  and  this  resem- 
liIaiicL-  may  be  li'dicative  of  a  relationship.  The  same  remark', 
althoii<!'li  in  a  lesser  degree,  may  apply  to  the  venation  of  the 
gt'iius  Ulomorpha. 


mK 

HHffll 

^H 

Wl'Tflil  MMiiHi 

v^^^B'  I'd' ,;.     ''il'i^'t' (T^^^B 

I^B  jV-;,;  {^il/ifljjl 

w^k '  '' ''  "'4  ^''^  '^Hi 

'i^^^^^^D  '■■  ■                      '^,  *t^St^^Sk 

I^H.i;                           ''-^L?^ 

Some  .ffeneral  remarks  on  the  venation  of  Limnophila  may  find 
tlieir  plaee  here: — 

1.  The  marginal  cross-vein  is  apt  to  be  very  weakly  marked  in 
iiinny  species  of  Limnophila ;  but  I  have  never  found  it  al)so- 
luit'ly  wanting.  I  perceive  it  in  two  European  specimens  of 
IdiDpti'm,  although  Dr.  Schiner  mentions  the  absence  of  this 
vein  aiiiong  the  characters  of  the  genus. 

2.  lihicnojitila  (compare  above,  page  198)  is  the  only  Limno- 
phila with  an  open  discal  cell,  wliich  I  have  seen,  and  this  ex- 
ceptional case  is  evidently  due  to  the  abnormal  and  abortive 
(■(iiidition  of  the  whole  wing.  But  it  is  worthy  of  notice  that  in 
llliicnnptila,  as  well  as  in  those  single  specimens  of  Liranophila 
ill  which  the  discal  cell  is  adventitiously  open,  the  anterior 
branch  of  the  fourth  vein  bears  a  double  fork,  similar  to  that  of 
Dolivhopeza,  the  posterior  branch  having  no  fork  at  all.  In  the 
Amalopina,  when  the  discal  cell  is  open,  each  of  the  branches 
of  the  fourth  vein  has  a  fork  (compare  above,  p.  11)1). 

3.  The  great  cross-vein  in  the  genus  Limnophila  is  very  often 
nearer  to  the  middle  than  to  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell ;  in  the 
suligciius  Dadijlolabis,  however,  it  is  usually  near  the  inner  end 
of  this  cell. 

4.  The  venation  is  always  somewhat  variable  in  different  speci- 
mens of  the  same  species,  which  applies  esjiecially  to  the  relative 
icnjrtli  of  the  petioles  of  the  first  submarginal  and  of  the  second 
posterior  cells ;  also  to  the  position  of  the  great  cross-vein,  and 
of  the  marginal  cross-vein.  These  variations  ought  to  be  taken 
into  account  in  reading  the  descriptions  of  the  species. 

Several  larvtc  of  Limnophila  have  been  observed  ;  those  of  L. 
punctata  M.  by  Scheflfer  (in  Rossi's  System.  Verz.  Oestcrr.  Dipt. 
p.  10),  in  decayed  beech-wood  ;  L.  {Epiphrarjma)  pida  by  IJremi, 
in  uak-wood  ;  L.  dispar  IM.  by  Ferris  {Ann.  Hoc.  Entom.  de  Fr. 
I84ii,  p.  331,  Tab.  VII,  fig.  5),  in  dry  stems  oi  Angelica  sylces- 


Md 


f: 


^yi 


U'l.v- : . 


202 


mi'TEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


//•/x,  in  Avliich  tlie  larva  diifi^  Ifiiigitudinal  l)urro\v,s.  The  Inttir 
larva  is  llie  only  one  which  has  bct'ii  tlcsoribod  and  fi<j:iin(l  in 
detail.  It  is  cylindrical,  glabrous,  of  a  livid  gray,  with  a  iKuiiy, 
Mack  head  ;  its  .structure  i.s  in  no  way  distinguished  from  the 
other  larva'  of  the  Tipulidfv,  as  described  in  the  Iiaroduetimi  tn 
this  vitlunie.  I  have  already  observed  al)ove  (p.  4)  that  .Mr. 
]IeeL!:<'r's  (SilzinKjsbi'r.  d.  ]Vic>}.  Acad.  \o].  XI)  description  (if 
the  larva  of  Limnojihila  jilcdi/plera  ]Mae(i.  is  evidently  ernuR'- 
ous ;  the  larva  is  apparently  that  of  Jioldophila.  I  may  ulso 
remark  here  that  Limnubia  jdatyptrra  ]Macq.  quoted  by  \)\\ 
tSchiner  (/>/;)^  Auati'.  II,  p.  572),  among  the  unknown  species 
of  doubtful  location,  cannot  well  be  anything  else  but  Liinm- 
jihila  hos2)es  Egger  (1.  c.  p.  554). 


;•( 


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4-^ 


8-, 


9. 


Table  for  determining  the  species. 

Five  posterior  cells.  2 

Four  i)o.steiior  cells.  26 

A  siiiienimnerary  cross-vein  in  the  second  basal  or  in  the  first  sub- 
marginal  cell.  3 

No  supernumerary  cross-vein  in  the  second  basal  or  in  the  first  .sub- 
marginal  cell.  5 

A  supernumerary  cross-vein  in  the  second  liasal  cell.  4 

.\  supernumerary  cross- vein  in  the  first  submargiiial  cell. 

20  fuscovaria  0.  S. 

Antenna;  of  the  male  much  longer  than  those  of  the  female. 

3  fasciolata  0.  S. 

Antenn;e  of  the  male  not  conspicuously  longer  than  those  of  the  fcinale. 

19  aprilina  <>.  .S'. 

Thorax  shining  hlack.  6 

Thorax  not  shining  black,  7 

Wings  with  large  brown  spots.  1  macrocera  Snii. 

Wings  not  spotted.  2'J  munda,  ii.  sp. 

Marginal  cross-vein  some  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  first  longitmliiial 
vein.  ?^ 

Marginal  cross-vein  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  whirh  is 
incurved  immediately  beyond  it.  IS 

Inner  end  of  the  second  submarginal  cell  considerably  anterior  to 
the  inner  end  of  the  first  posterior  cell.  fl 

Inner  end  of  the  second  submarginal  cell  in  a  line  with  the  first 
posterior  cell,  or  almost  so.  12 

Petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  three  or  four  times  shorter  than 
this  cell.  II' 

Petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  nearly  as  long  as  this  cell. 

IS  ultima  0.  S. 


« 


LIMNOPIIILA. 


203 


11 


/■'\VingR  with  some  indistinct  clouds  along  the  second  loncitndina!  .ein 
111'         and  on  tlie  central  cross- veins.  13  luteipennis  O.  S. 

(wings  of  a  uniform  coloring,  without  spots  or  clouds.  11 

(  Ilalteres  yellow.  1:.  inornatB,  n.  sp. 

(  Knol)  of  the  halteres  brownish.  14  contempta,  n.  sp. 

(•Discal  cell  very  much  elongi.ted,  its  inner  end  conspicuously  anterior 
I  to  the  inner  end  of  tlie  first  posterior  cell.  11  areolata  0-  S. 

"  ]  Discal  cell  of  tlie  ordinary  size  ;  its  inner  end  not  anterior  to  tlie  inner 
'^         end  of  tlie  lirst  posterior  cell.  13 

Petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  not  longer  than  the  great  cross- 
vein.  14 


r 


13 


14 


I  Petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  distinctly  longer  than  the  great 
^         cross-vein.  15 

( Petiole  of  the  second  posterior  cell  not  longer  than  this  cell. 
!  r»  teauicornis,  n.  sp. 

Petiole  of  the  second  posterior  cell  three  or  four  times  longer  than 
this  cell.  17  brevifurca  V.  S. 

r  ( Thorax  gray,  with  four  brownish  stripes  {L.  ultima).  9 

1  Thorax  yellowish  or  brownish.  16 

Antenna^  of  the  male  much  longer  than  those  of  the  female ;  thorax 


(' 


U\ 


brown  .above. 


7  tenuipes  Sai/. 


i  Antennae  of  the  same  length  in  both  sexes  ;  thorax  reddish  or  yellow- 
*•         ish  above.  17 

.  (  Thorax  shining  above. 


(  Thorax  opa(iue  above  ;  front  gray. 
Thorax  gray,  or  brownish-gray. 


8  recondita,  n.  sp. 
9  imbeclUa  O  S. 

^^(  Thorax  gray,  or  hrownisli-gray.  19 

^  (  Thorax  yellow,  or  brownish-yellow.  24 

,„  ( fireat  cr,oss-vein  usually  at  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell.  20 

( Great  cross-vein  nearer  to  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell.  21 

no  (  Wings  spotted  with  brown.  23  montana  0.  S. 

(  Wings  immaculate.  24  cubitalis,  n.  sp. 

o,  (  Hind  tarsi  white.  6  niveitarsis,  n.  sp. 

( lliuii  tarsi  not  white.  22 

r,,,  (  Wings  spotted  with  brown.  2  unica,  n.  sp. 

(  Wings  not  spotted  with  brown.  23 

/Pifth  longitudinal  vein  and  central  cross-veins  margined  with  narrow 
23'         brow?i  clouds.  21  rufibasis  <>■  S'. 

'  Winsis  unicolorous.  Itj  fratria,  n.  sp. 

Petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  twice  the  length  of  the  great  cross- 
vein,  and  conspicuously  arcuated.  1(>  toxoneiira  0.  S. 
Petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  not  longer  than  the  great  cross- 
vein.  25 
/  Antennie  of  the  male  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  thorax. 
2"i !                                                                                      4  poetica,  n.  sp. 
'  AnttMin.T  of  the  male  shorter  than  the  thorax.            12  adusta  <).  S, 
20  i  '^'"ly  py^y-                                                                 25  quadrata  (>.  S. 


24, 


'  Body  yellow. 


20  leuta  0.  S. 


i- 


mM 


204 


DII'TEKA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[rAHT  IV. 


Sjinopticnl  lahlc  of  the  sjiccus,^ 
Fin;  jiostrndr  cells, 

A.  AiiteiiiKe  of  the  uialo  luiicli  longer  than  those  of  the  female. 

1  macrocera  Snj.  .O  tenuicornia,  n.  sp. 

2  unica,  ii.  sp.  0  niveitarsis,  u.  sp. 

3  fasciolata  O.  S.  7  tenuipea  Sui/. 

4  poetica,  a.  sp. 

B.  Aiiteniiic  of  the  male  uot  conspicuously  longer  than  those  of  the 

female. 


8  -3condita,  n.  sp. 
!>  imbecilla  O.  S. 

10  toxoneura  O.  S. 

11  areolata  O.  S. 

12  aduata  <'.  S. 

1  :'>  luteipennia  O.  S. 
14  contempta,  u.  sp. 
1")  inornata,  n.  sp. 
li)  fratria,  n.  sp. 

17  brevifurca  0.  S. 

18  ultima  O.  .S". 

II.  l-\)itr  jtostiirior  cells, 

25  quadrata  0.  S. 


(Suhg.  EPHELIA.) 
10  aprilina  o.  >. 
(Subg.  DICRANOPHRAGMA.) 
2(1  fuacovaria  <>,  >'. 
(Suhg.  PRIONOLABIS.) 

21  rufibaaia  0.  S, 

22  munda,  n.  sp. 

(Sul)g.  DACTYLOLABIS.) 
2;5  montana  O.  S. 
24  cubitalis  O.  S. 


20"  lenta  0.  S. 


Description  of  the  species. 
I.  Five  posterior  cells. 

A,  Auteuuifi  of  the  male  much  longer  than  those  of  the  female. 

1.   I^.  macrocera  Say.     %  and   9  • — ^''gra,  nitida ;   antennic  maris 
longitudine  corporis,  filiformes,  pilos;e  ;  alae  fusco  maculatse. 

Black,  shining;  antenna)  of  the  male  as  long  as  the  hody,  filiform,  be>et 
w  :li  liairs  ;  wings  spotted  with  brown.     Long,  corp,  0.3 — 0.4. 

Syn.    Limnobia  macrocera  Say,  Jonrn.  Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  20,  2. — Wiihe- 

MANN,  Auss.  Zw.  I,  34,  19. 
Ciilindroloma  macrocera  MAC(iUART,  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.  I,  108,  2. 
Limnopliila  (fAisiomaslij-)  macrocera  0.   Sackes,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So. 

Phil.  18r)9,  p.  234. 

Head  black,  sliiiiiiifr ;  front  above  the  aiitoniia?,  and  lowor  piirt 
of  the  head  yollowish-ferrniyiiious ;  rostrum  and  palpi  bliick; 
antennae  black,  except  the  basal  joints,  which  are  reddish ;  un- 


'  This  arrangement  is  purely  artificial  and  therefore  provisional ;  com- 
pare p.  197. 


LIMNOIMIILA. 


205 


foniiiv  of  tlio  male  as  long  or  a  littU;  I()n,trer  than  the  body,  slemU'r, 
lilirunii  ;  two  l»asal  joints  sliort,  tlio  lollowiiig  eluiigatvd,  cyiin- 
(Irinil,  of  nearly  t(iual  longtli,  flollicd  wilb  soft,  eroct  liairs ;  the 
tliinl  iuid  fourth  joints  havo  a  small  spine  on  tho  under  side,  at 
(hf  tip;  anconnie  of  tho  female  setaceous,  not  reaehing  nmeh 
licvdiid  the  basis  of  the  wing;  joints  eylindrieal,  clothed  with 
spiiise  hairs  ;  palpi  unusually  long,  longer  than  the  head  ;  last 
joint  elongated.  Thorax  black,  shining;  pleurtu  slightly  hoary; 
lialteres  pale  yelh»\v,  the  knob  sometimes  infuscated  ;  feet  dark 
tau  iiy ;  coxic  and  basis  of  femora  paler ;  tips  of  the  femora,  of 
thf  !il)ia',  and  of  tlie  tarsi  brown.  Abdomen  black;  three  or 
four  intermediate  segments  with  i)ale  ferruginous  spots  at  tho 
Inisis  (more  distinct  in  living  specimens)  ;  genitals  ferruginous- 
yellow.  Wings  hyaline,  spotted  with  Ijrown ;  a  >pot  at  the  inner 
cud  of  the  basal  cells;  a  large  square  one,  betwcfu  the  first  and 
fifth  longitudinal  veins,  acros.s  the  origin  of  the  pnefurca  ;  a  tiiird 
one  Ix'twecu  the  costa  and  the  discal  cell  ;  the  tip  of  the  wing, 
as  well  as  the  cross-veins,  is  clouded  ;  petiole  of  tiie  first  snl)- 
iiiaruinul  cell  very  .short,  sometimes  almost  obsolete  ;  the  scjond 
.Miliiiiarginal  very  little  longer  than  the  first  ])ost<'rior  cell ;  the 
iiiariiiiial  cross-vein  is  close  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein. 

//'///.  United  States;  not  common.  I  founil  male  specimens 
<|iiitc  commonly  on  the  2d  of  July,  1859,  near  the  so-called  Salt- 
|Miiii|,  ill  southern  Virginia  (al)out  twenty  miles  from  the  Moiit- 
jroiiicry  White  Sulphur  Si)rings).  I  caught  this  species  in  Florida, 
ill -March,  1858.      t^uebec  (Coiiper)  ;   Illinois  (LeDaron). 

The  forceps  of  the  male  is  like  that  of  the  typical  LimnophihT, 
tliat  is,  the  two  pairs  of  movable  appendages  are  sul)|>arallel  ; 
the  outer  one  is  slender  and  pointed  ;  the  inner  one  short,  stout, 
with  the  point  turned  u))wards.  (Aljout  the  suiigeiiiis  La.^io- 
iiKi.-'lij;  compare  p.  li)9.) 

N-  H. — Say  commits  a  mistake  when  he  compares  the  venation 
ti>  -Meig.  I,  Tab.  V,  fig.  7.  Wiedemann  quoti's  correctly  Meig.  J, 
Tall.  VI,  fig.  3. 

2.  1j.  uilica,  n.  sp.  9- — Thornce  cinereo,  antennis  fii?cis.  .irticnlis 
li.T^.-illlius  Virevibus,  rulis  ;  alis  stigraate  obspure  fiiseo,  i)r,Tt'urca'  l>asi  ft 
vemili.s  traiisvcrsis  fusoo-iielnilosis  ;  cellulis  submarginali  secuiula  et 
]i(KtHii<)ri  primil  snb.-pque  longis. 

Tliniax  irray,  anteiuiie  linnvii,  basal  joints  sliort,  reddish  ;  wing.s  with  a 
ilaik-luown  .stigma;  brownish  clouds  at  the  origiu  of  the  praifurca  aud 
Id 


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V  ■  .*>■:,: 


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.#■■■■11 


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u 


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th  '.  ^. 


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hi 

■  1 

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2ur> 


DII'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


on  the  pross-r«'iiis ;  second  snbmarginal  and  first  posterior  cells  nearly 
of  the  same  lentrth.     Jjong.  corp.  0.135. 

Head  yollowish-gmy  above  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  brown  ;  antciiiui' 
brown,  basal  joints  reddish  ;  those  of  the  female  (the  oidy  sex  I 
have  before  inc)  are  longitr  than  the  head  and  the  thorax  takni 
toj^cthcr  ;  the  first  joint  is  very  short,  not  longer  than  the  sccnnd; 
the  joints  of  the  llagelliun  are  elongated,  subcylindrieal,  witl: 
moderately  long  verticils  in  the  middle.  Thorax  yellowish-gniv, 
this  color  being  produced,  on  the  mesonotum,  by  a  dense  umv 
bloom,  apparently  upon  a  darker  ground ;  pleurto  somewhiit 
hoary  ;  halteres  yellowish,  with  a  faintly  brownish  knob.  Altiln- 
men  brown,  with  short  scattered  yellowish  hairs;  oviposiinr 
rather  short,  moderately  arcuated  ;  coxas  and  femora  tawny,  tiliiii' 
and  tarsi  brown.  Wings  with  a  brownish  tinge ;  stijzwna  diiik 
brown  ;  a  pale  brown  cloud  at  the  origin  of  the  prjcfurca;  aiidtlur 
one  on  the  central  cross-veins  ;  smaller  clouds  on  the  great  cidss- 
vein,  and  the  cross-veins  at  the  inner  end  of  the  third  and  fourili 
posterior  cells.  Tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  nearly  opposite  the 
inner  end  of  the  second  subniarginal  cell ;  the  petiole  of  the  first 
submarginal  cell  is  but  little  shorter  than  the  upper  branch  of  ilie 
second  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  at  the  tip 
of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  a  .short  distance  beyond  the  inini' 
end  of  the  first  subniarginal  cell ;  the  second  subniarginal  cell  is 
only  slightly  longer  than  the  first  posterior;  the  great  cross-vein 
is  opposite  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell ;  the  latter  is  eloiigiitid. 

Ilab.    White  Mountains,  N.  H.  ;  a  single  female. 

The  structure  of  the  antenme  of  the  female  renders  it  vciv 
probable  that  the  male  has  much  longer  antenme,  and  it  is  on 
this  supposition  that  this  species  is  placed  among  those  with 
elongated  male  antennte. 

3.  I...  fasciolafa  n.  sp.  %, — Fermgineo-flava,  thorace  cinerascente, 
antennis  maris  tliorace  mnlto  longiorilnis,  articulis  elongatis,  jniln's- 
ceiitibus  ;  alls  fusco-fasciatis  at  macnlatis ;  prppfiirc?e  Itasi  appfinlicti- 
lata  ;  venula  transversa  siipernumeraria  in  cellul/l  basali  secinida. 

Ferruginous-yellow,  thorax  grayish  ;  antennre  of  the  male  much  loiiu'cr 
than  the  thorax  ;  joints  elongated,  pubescent  ;  wings  banded  and  siioitcl 
with  brown  ;  a  stump  of  a  vein  at  the  origin  of  the  pr.-efurca:  a  suiihi- 
numerary  cross-vein  in  the  second  basal  cell. 

Syn.  Limno))liilafasciata  0.  Sacken  (non  ScnuM.),  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  I'liiK 
1859,  p.  234. 


I'i'': 


i.. 


JJ.MN(»1'II1LA. 


207 


l-'roiit  and  vcrtox  l)rn\viii.sli,  with  a  fi:ray  Ijloom ;  rostrum  ainl 
palpi  lirowu ;  antfiiiiit!  hrownii^h,  l)asal  joiiit.s  ycHowisli  ;  tliosu 
of  tlic  inalo  aru  iiiucli  loiiju'cr  than  the  tliurax  ;  lirst  joint  rather 
slmrt  ;  joints  of  the  (hTgclIuni  i.'h)nj^ati'(l,  suhcylindricul,  (h'nsoly 
piibcscL'Mt,  and  with  a  few  verticils  al)out  the  middle;  tiiorax 
ln'ouiiish  above,  with  a  yt'llowish-<:;niy  hloom  ;  j)leiira'  yellowish  ; 
lialleres  with  a  Ijrown  knoh  ;  abdomen  reddisii-yellow,  posterior 
jiiaruMiis  of  the  sefjnients  hrown  ;  last  segment  brownish  ;  I'oreeps 
yrlliiw.  AVings  almost  hyaline,  banded  and  spotted  with  brown 
as  I'lillows  :  the  inner  end  of  the  luisal  cells,  the  costal  and  siib- 
cdstal  cells,  three  large  sjiots  at  the  origin  of  the  prsefurca,  on  the 
supernumerary  cross-vein  of  the  second  liasal  cell,  and  at  the  V\\> 
of  the  seventh  vein;  these  spots  are  almost,  but  not  (pute  in  con- 
tact, and  thns  form  an  interrupted  band  ;  the  lirst  spot  is  connected 
witli  the  brown  of  the  anterior  nnirgin  ;  the  brown  stigma  and  a 
scries  of  spots  along  the  central  cross-veins  form  a  second  cross- 
l)aii(l ;  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  infuscated,  and  there  are  clouds 
at  the  inner  ends  of  the  three  intermediate  i)osteri(n'  cells. 
Marginal  cross-vein  near  the  tip  of  the  first  vein  ;  pnefurea  with 
a  stiniip  of  a  vein  near  its  origin  ;  the  inn<'r  ends  of  the  second 
siibiiiarginal,  first     ostcrior,  and  the  discal  cells  nearly  in  a  line. 

JInb.    Massachusetts  (Mr.  Scudder)  ;   a  single  male. 

My  only  specimen  is  somewhat  injured,  the  feet  and  the  tips  of 
the  aiiteinuo  being  broken.  This  species  is  very  like  the  European 
lAnmophila  (Iilioplcra)  pulchclla  ]\Ieig.  (syn.  L./afciala  Schuni. 
nun  J. inn.  according  to  Dr.  Schiner).  It  may  l)e  that  they  are 
the  same  species,  and  it  is  upon  this  assumption  that  I  introduced 
the  American  species  as  L.  faaciata  Schum.,  in  my  former  paper. 
Tlic  Kuropean  specie?  has  generally  abortive  wings  in  the  female 
sex  (compare  Schum.  Beitr.  etc.  Tab.  Y,  fig.  2).  L.  faaciolata 
is  closely  allied  to  L.  poctiva,  and  it  would  be  unnatural  to  sepa- 
rate them  on  account  of  the  presence  of  the  suiternumeraiy  cross- 
vein  of  tlie  former.    (About  Idioptera  compare  p.  lll'J.) 

4t  L.  poet ica,  n.  sp.  %  . — Ferrngineo-flava,  antennis  fiiscis,  articulis 
liasalibus  tlavis  ;  in  mare  thorace  plus  (juam  duplo  loiigioribus,  artitulis 
eloncatis.  pubescentibns ;  alae  immaoulatie,  stigraate  pallide  infuscato, 
pra'furciu  basi  appendiculattl. 

Reddish-yellow,  antt'iinnB  brown,  basal  joints  yellow  ;  in  the  male  the  an- 
tennae are  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  thorax ;  joints  elongated, 


'A'-M 


i--'\ 


f  i;'i'*->f't'' 


if!:/. 


tt:---\-i 


208 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'AKT  (V 


pubH.-<cent ;   wings  iinniaculate ;  stigma  p.ilo  brownish ;  a  slump  of  a 
vuin  near  tiie  origin  uf  tin*  pratfurua.     Lung.  corp.  0.35. 

llciul  reddish-yollow,  with  a  gniyisli  bloom  on  the  front ;  piilpi 
brown  ;  anttMinic  moro  tlian  twice  the  h'li^'th  of  tlie  thora.\,  brown, 
two  basal  joihtri  yellowish,  the  second  somewhat  infnseated;  joints 
of  the  flaj^elhini  eloiij^ated,  eylindrieal,  elothed  with  a  dense,  deli- 
cate pnbescence ;  a  few  sliort  verticils  abont  the  middle  of  the 
joints.  Thorax  reddish-yellow,  somewhat  shininu^  above,  suni(  - 
times  with  faintly-marked  brownish  stripes;  pleune  with  an  o|iii(iiic 
yellowish  bloom;  halteres  with  a  brownish  knob.  Feet  lawnv  ; 
tips  of  the  femora  and  of  the  tibiic  brown.  Aljdonien  yellow; 
last  segment  ))r(jwn ;  forceps  yellow.  ^Vin<;s  with  a  faint  pule 
))r(jwnish  tin<?e ;  stij^ma  pale  brown;  a  faint,  snnill  pale  brown 
cloud  at  tlic  ori.tyin  of  the  prtefnrea  (sometimes  obsolete);  ninr- 
ginal  cros.s-vcin  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein;  pctidli- 
of  the  first  submarginal  cell  about  the  length  of  the  grent  cross- 
vein  ;  this  cell  is  very  narrow  in  its  basal  half,  broader  towjinls 
the  tip;  the  inner  end  of  the  second  subniargimil  cell  very  little 
anterior  to  the  inner  ends  of  the  first  posterior  and  of  the  disciti 
cells  ;  the  petiole  of  the  second  posterior  cell  is  nearly  of  the  sumo 
length  with  the  cell  itself  (sometimes  longer) ;  the  great  cidss- 
vein  is  a  little  anterior  to  the  middle  of  the  diseal  cell ;  there  is  a 
stump  of  a  vein  near  the  origin  of  the  ])ra;furca. 

JIab.  Milton,  Mass.,  !May  18th  (Mr.  Scudder) ;  four  miili' 
specimens. 

5.  I«  tenuicoi'Ilis,  n.  sp.  %  and  9- — Nigrescens,  cinereo-pollinosa, 
antenni:*  nigrisi,  in  uiare  thorace  inulto  longioribus,  articulis  el()iif;;itis, 
pubescentibus  ;  in  femina  loiigitudine  thoracis  ;  halteres  capitnlo  inl'iis- 
cato,  abdomen  cum  forcipe  nigro-fusci ;  ahe  immacnhitje,  sstigmatt!  palliili). 

Blackish,  with  a  grayish  pollen,  antennje  black,  those  of  the  male  nuuli 
longer  than  the  thorax,  joint.s  elongated,  pubescent ;  those  of  the  feniali' 
of  the  length  of  the  thora.x  ;  halteres  with  a  brownish  knob  ;  abdomen 
and  forceps  blackish-brown;  wings  immaculate,  stigma  pale.  Loug. 
Corp.  0.28—0.32. 

Head  black,  clothed  with  a  gray  bloom ;  rostrum  and  palpi 
brown  ;  antenn*  black ;  those  of  the  male,  if  bent  baekwariU, 
would  reach  the  second  abdominal  segment ;  joints  of  the  fliiirt'l- 
lum  elongated,  slightly  attenuated  at  both  ends,  clothed  with  a 


■f  ';  i 


,'•!  V 


■.n 


LIMNOTIIILA. 


soo 


(lili(':it(\  (loiiso  ])ul)i'st'oiic(( ;  a  few  vorticillato  delicate  hairs  about 
till'  iiiiildlf  of  cucli  joint;   niittMiiiu}  of  tiie  fi'inale  shorlcr  tliiiii 
tliosf  i>\'  the  luiilc  ;   hciit  back  wards,  tlioy  wimld  reach  the  end  of 
the  thorax;  tht;   Ihi^'i'iliiiu   is  clothed  with  .scattered   hairs,  and 
sliDWs  110  vcstiu'c  of  a  |>iil)csceiice,  cxccjit  on  liic  underside  of  the 
jdiiiis  near  tiie  Itiisis.     (Jrouiid-color  of  the  thorax  hrownish-hlack, 
I'liitlieil  witii  a  fii'ayish  lijuoiii  ;  the  space  usually  occupied  by  the 
stHpes  liiis  less  of  this  bloom,  and  is  therefore  darker,  somewhat 
sliiiiiiijr.   clothed    with    a   short,    delicate,   erect,    yellowish-^-ray 
|iiil)fs('eiice ;    the   strip«'S   are    not   well   defined,   althou<rh    their 
gi  IK  ral  otitliuc  is  marked  by  the  more  dense  gray  Idoom  sur- 
roiinilin^'  them.      Halteres  pale,  knob  brownish.     CoxiC  yellow, 
the  front  ones  brownish  at  tlu;  extreme  basis  ;  feet  brown,  femora 
yi'lliiwisli  towards  the  basis.     Altdomcu  blackish-bruwii ;  venter 
vclliiwisli,  except  at  the  tip,  where  it  is  brown;  forcei)s  brownish- 
black  ;  ovii»ositor  <'long'ated,  slender,  ji'cntly  curved.     AViiiffs  with 
a  sli.L'lit  pale  brownish  tinj^e;  stie-ma  colorless  ;   tip  of  the  aux- 
iliaiT  vein  a  little  before  the  inner  etid  of  the  second  submartrinal 
cvW;  pra'ftirea  arcuated  near  the  ori{;iii,  otherwise  (piite  straight; 
lictiiile  of  the  first  .submarginal  vein  short ;   the  marginal  cross- 
vein  is  aliout  the  niidtlle  of  the  distance  between  the  tip  of  the 
lii'st,  longitudinal  vein  and  the  inner  end  of  the  first  subnuirginal 
cell;  the  inner  ends  of  the  second  subinarginal  and  first  posterior 
iclls  are  nearly  in  one  line ;  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell  is 
slightly  anterior  to  them;  the  great  cross-vein  is  nearly  opposite 
tliL' middle  of  the  discal  cell ;   ))etiole  of  the  .second  posterior  cell 
ii.-iially  shorter  than  the  cell  itself;  fifth  lougituilinal  vein  arcuated 
at  the  li]> ;  the  ajx'X  of  the  wing  is  finely  pubescent. 

H(ib.   White  Mountains,  N.  II.,  in  .July.     Three  male  and  one 
female  specimen. 

tt.  L,  iiiveitarsis,  n.  sp.  %  and  9- — Tliorace  iiigro,  cinereo-pol- 
liiioso  ;  auteimis  iiigris,  iu  mare  tliorace  uiulto  longioribus,  articulis 
(.■longatis,  pubesceutibus  ;  in  femina  tliorace  brevioribus ;  abdomen  fus- 
cesc'tMis,  forceps  in  mare  flavus  ;  tarsi  postici  albi  ;  alae  immaculat.-e  ; 
stiguiate  pallide  fuscescente. 

Thorax  black,  with  a  gray  pollen  ;  antennre  black,  much  longer  than  the 
tliorax  in  the  male  ;  shorter  than  the  thorax  in  the  female  ;  alidonien 
brownish  ;  forceps  of  the  male  yellow  ;  liind  tarsi  white  ;  wing.s  immacu- 
late ;  stigma  with  a  pale  brownish  tinge.     Long.  corp.  0.25. 
U      Sept.,  1868. 


r 


m 


210 


DII'TKIIA  OF  NORTH  AMEIUCA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


!      I 


llciul  black ;  front  broad,  witli  a  gray,  uliiiorit  silvery  ri'llcctiun; 
aiitoiiim;  of  the  mule  mure  than  double  the  len^lii  of  litail  ami 
thorax  taken  tof^ether;  first  joint  very  hliort ;  joints  of  thi-  liii;:v|. 
luin  liiiijj,',  cylindrieal,  elolhed  wiiii  a  deiiae,  delicate  j)ubesetii(i' ; 
the  verlieils  arc  liardly  perceptible;  the  antenme  of  the  female, 
when  l)ent  backwards,  would  liardly  reach  the  root  of  the  wiiiu^; 
joints  sJKjrt,  oval,  the  basal  ones  of  the  (laji-elluin  truncate  at  iIk 
end  ;  with  scattered  hair.s  and  iiieoiisi»ieuous  verticils  anidii;: 
tiieiii.  (Jrouiid  color  of  the  thorax  black,  clothed  al)ove  with  u 
yellowish-gray  pollen,  and  therefore  but  faintly  shiniii*^ ;  stiiiic* 
hardly  nuvrUed ;  pleurie  soniewhat  hoary ;  lialteres  yellowi.-li. 
Coxic  yellow;  feet  brownish-tawny,  pul)esceiit;  femora  and  tibia', 
towards  the  tip,  brownish  ;  hind  tarsi,  except  the  tip,  wliiti'. 
Al)doinen  brown  (in  some  specimens  mixc''  with  yellowi.-li) ; 
male  forceps  yellow.  Wings  with  a  faint  brownish  tinge  ;  sliunui 
pale  brownish  ;  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  nearly  opijosite  the  iiimr 
end  of  the  second  sul)niarginal  cell  ;  petiole  of  the  first  siib- 
inarginal  cell  about  ecpial  in  length  to  the  great  cross-vein; 
inarginal  cross-vein  faintly  marked,  close  by  the  tip  of  tlie  lir,-t 
longitudinal  vein;  inner  end  of  the  second  submarginal  cell  sunn.'- 
what  anterior  to  the  inner  end  of  the  first  posterior  cell ;  in  sijiiiu 
specimens  the  inner  end  of  the  third  posterior  cell  is  alim ...t 
pointed,  the  cross-vein  separating  it  from  the  discal  cell  liciiiu; 
very  short;  in  other  specimens,  however,  this  is  not  the  (•a.<e; 
great  cross-vein  nearly  opposite  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell, 
somewhat  variable  in  its  position. 

JJab.  Delaware  (Dr.  Wilson) ;  Maryland  (Cresson).  Three 
male  and  one  female.  The  tip  of  the  abdomeu  of  the  feuuilu  U 
broken  off. 


n  i 


i{r;![ 


!!'] 


>i\ 


T.    I.,  tenilipes   Say.      %    and    J*  —  Brunnea,  humeris  pleiirisqiie 

ochracei.s  ;  antemiis  maris  thorace  multo  longioribus,  articulis  eloiigatii, 
pubesceutibus  ;  aire  iiumaculata^,  pallida  iufuscatse. 

Brown,  humeri  and  pleura;  ochraceoas  ;  antennae  of  the  male  much  longer 
than  the  thorax  ;  joints  elongated,  pubescent ;  wings  immaculate,  with 
a  pale  brownish  tinge.     Long.  corp.  0.3 — 0.4. 

Syn.   Limnobia  tenuipes  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  21,  3. 
IJmnohia  humeralis  Wied.  (non  Say),  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  34. 
LimnophUa  tenuipes  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  235. 


LlMNUl'IIILA. 


211 


lldstnini  odiracL'niis,  paliii  dark  lirowii ;  front  brownish,  with 
ft  yrnv  hlooiii  ;  aiilcnna'  l>ru\vn,  juiU'r  at  the  basis;  those  of  tho 
mall'  iihoiit  onci-  and  a  iialf  tlio  h'li^ftii  of  tlu>  tiiorax,  lllirorni; 
jdiiils  sMijrylinih'icai,  flon^'ati'd,  chjthcd  with  u  dense  ]ml)e,>eenc(' ; 

II  lew  vci'lieilliite  liairs  oil  eaeh  joint  of  llie  Ihij^'elhini ;  tlie  anteiiniu 
(pf  till'  li-'nuiie  are  shorter  than  tliose  of  tiie  nude,  Ijnt  longer  tliaa 
tilt'  tiiorax;  joints  elongated;  no  |»nl)eseen('e,  hnt  h>ng  verticils. 
Tlmrax  In'own  above,  this  color  oeenpying  the  sjiaeo  of  the  ordi- 
iiiii'v  stripes,  whieh  are  not  otherwise  marked  ;  hnnieri  and  plenriu 
oclirurcoiis  ;  seutelliim  and  nietathorax  Itrown  ;  the  kiioli  of  tho 
lialiei'i's  is  more  or  less  inl'useated  ;  feet  long,  .slender,  dark  tawny, 
jiulr  at  the  basis,  darker  at  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  of  the  til)ia'; 
cuxiL'  oehraeeons.  Ainlonien  brown,  venter  paler.  The  ti})of  the 
auxiliary  vein  is  some  distan<'e  anterior  to  the  inner  end  of  tho 
.»i('C()iiil  .^iilnnarginal  and  lirst  posterior  cell,  whieh  are  in  one  lini-; 
the  marginal  cross-vein  is  some  distance  anterior  to  the  tip  of  the 
iir>t  loiigitmlinal  vein,  close  by  the  inner  end  of  the  first  suIj- 
iiiarginal  cell ;  the  prtcfiirea  is  long,  straight,  in  one  lino  with  tho 
petiole  of  the  lirst  snl)marginal  cell,  which  is  rather  long,  longer 
than  the  great  cross-vein  ;  the  small  cross-vein  is  arcnated  ;  tho 
great  cross-vein  is  usually  about  the  middle  of  tho  discal  cell. 
The  wings  are  slightly  tinged  with  brownish  ;  the  stiguu*.  is  nioro 
or  Kss  browi\ ;  sonii'tinies  (piite  \r.i\c. 

I/al).  United  States;  not  rare.  Washington,  D.  C,  Savannah, 
Oa. ;  Canada  (('ouper) ;  Illinois  (JjclJaron). 

Say's  descriptions  of  L.  Icnuijicti  and  L.  J)ume7'alis  arc  so 
iiiiicli  alike  that  the  choice  between  them  was  .somewhat  diflicult 
ill  identilying  the  present  species.  Still,  the  words  in  the  descrip- 
tion of  L.  feiiuipcti,  "antenmi;  long''  and  "wings  dusky,"  deter- 
niini'il  my  choice.  "Wiedemann  took  both  for  synonyms;  but  Say 
denies  this  synonymy  in  a  mannscriiit  note,  which  I  discovered 
ill  a  copy  of  Wiedeiiumn's  work,  in  tho  lil)rary  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  in  Philadelphia.  That  Wiedenninn's  L. 
IiKineralix  is  the  present  species,  results  from  his  comparing  it  to 
L.  (Iiscii-iil/ift  Meig.  And,  indeed,  these  sjjecies  are  most  closely 
allied,  with  the  only  exceptions  that  tho  European  sj^'cies  is 
sliirhtly  larger,  and  that  the  antenna}  of  the  nmle  are  like-  those 
ot  the  female,  and  not  at  all  elongated  and  ])ubescent  as  those 

III  L.  tnnii/icii.  The  coloring  and  the  yonation  of  both  species 
are  jirecisely  the  same. 


''; 


'2\-2 


MI'TKIIA  dl"  MiIlTII  AMKIUCV. 


[r.VUT  rv. 


mm 


M-f 


U.  Aii'eniiip  of  till)  mail)  not  perct'iJtibly  longer  tluiu  tlio^o  nf  tli» 
ft'Mialu. 

^.  I..  I'Cf'OlKlita,  n.  ^j>.  %  mill  9  •—'*'''» ^'"■f»''''""K!"»''i»  >iit''>i-*.  ^m- 
ti-niiiH  ntiliHi|iu<  hi'XiH  Innu'itiiiliiiK  nD'ilioci'i,  vi-iticiliis  JomriK  ;  iilis 
fii->  ii-llav(*-i'Hiitil>us,  htiu'iniitti  (Mincoloii  ;  |ii>tioli>  ci'lliilto  Huliuiai'i.'in,'iliH 
inhiiii'  longo;  ifUuli!)  HUlmtargliuili  hectiiulu  ot  poxturiori  prliuil  aMjUH 
Itini^is, 

Yellowish  rctl,  nhininj;,  nntfiinni  of  niodiTftto  Icniitli  in  lioth  sexes  ;  verticiU 
Imiij  ;  \vinj;s  with  fi  Vfllowislilirowu  tiiiife  ;  s  tin  ma  of  tin-  xnme  tdlor ; 
til)*  |>i-tioUi  iif  till-  lii'-^t  sultinaixiiial  cell  is  lom^  ;  tin*  sccoml  submai'i^iiial 
an<l  Hist  |ii>stiTior  cells  are  ut°  the  MamH  lenj^th.  Long.  corp.  (i.^iTi — 0,4 
(>()nietimes  smalltM). 

Iltiiil  yfll()\vish-rt'(l  or  ItroVYiiisli,  front,  sliiiiiiig',  with  Home  liluck 
liiiirs;  palpi  lirown  ;  first  joint  of  tiiu  tuitennii>,  anil  sonietinics  tin; 
Itiisis  of  till'  sccoinl,  yellow  isii ;  tlio  rcniaiiidor  of  tlio  aiitcimu! 
brouiiisii.  ^Tadinili^v  darker  towards  tlie  tip;  lirst  two  or  timo 
joints  of  llie  llaL'elliun  roundeil,  tiie  following  eloriffated  ;  verlieils 
loiiii-;  lient  baekwjirds,  liie  antennai  would  liardiy  reaeh  the  liasis 
of  the  winn-s.  'I'liorax  }'(dlowisli-rod,  or  redtlish-yellow,  in  snnic 
specinuMis  lirownisii-red  ;  it  is  nioro  or  h'ss  sliiniii<^  above  and  mi 
tlie  pleura^;  tlio  iuimeri  an.'  not  pereeptilily  jKder  than  the  rest 
of  ti)(!  niesonot\in»  ;  tlio  pleura;  but  slijiiitly  paler,  also  shiniii;r; 
halteres  pale,  sometimes  faintly  brownish.  Feet  yellowish-tawny, 
faintly  infuscated  at  the  tips  of  the  femora,  of  the  tii)iie,  and  nf 
tile  tarsi.  Alxhirnen  reddish-  or  yellowish-brown;  foreeps  oftln! 
male  of  the  same  eidor;  ovijxisitor  lon<r,  slender,  very  slijilitly 
arcuated.  AVinifs  with  a  yellowish-brown  tinge  ;  stigma  not 
ilarker ;  tip  of  the  nu.vilinry  vein  slightly  anterior  to  the  inner 
end  of  the  sei<»nd  subniarginal  cell,  which  is  in  one  line  with  tlie 
small  cross-vein  ;  the  latter  gently  arcuated  ;  pra'fnrca  as  long  as 
the  lirst  posterior  cell,  straight,  in  one  line  with  the  petiole  of  tlie 
lirst  subniarginal  cell ;  this  petiole  is  as  long  as  the  anterior 
bran<-h  of  the  second  vein  ;  the  obli(pie  marginal  cross-vein  is 
close  at  the  basis  of  this  anterior  branch  ;  the  great  cross-vein 
(slightly  variable  in  its  position)  is  usually  about  the  middle  of 
the  discal  cell. 

Ifab.  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Georgia,  etc.  Twenty  speci- 
mens. 

The  venation  of  this  species  is  almost  exactly  like  that  of  //. 
tenuipcs  Say;  the  long  verticils  of  the  antenna),  the  length  of  the 


T.IMNnl'lllI.A. 


•J!:J 


i,.i|>nsili)r,  etc.,  |ii'(ivi'  tilt'  ri'liiliiiiiN||i|)  of  (Ih'si-  >|i('«'!«'«i,  ilii  tlilVcr- 

rlii'C    ill    till'   lrll);'lli  uf   llic    intilf    lUllCMIIil-    lliil  wit  ll>tail(lill.u:        'I'lli' 

>!/.(•  nl'  iliis  spiTit's  is  MPiiicwliiit   viiriiiltlc.      In  suiiic  spt'ciiiit'iH 
till'  iira'riiiTii  lias  a  hltiiiii)  of  u  vein  near  its  oi-ig'iii. 

{>,  I..  illllM'4'illil  <>.  S.  %  and  9.  —  I'filliilf  ocliiaci-a,  fiirTt'sccim, 
ii|i;i<  a,  Imiiti'  riiicia-i'i'iiti' ;  antfiiiiis  iitiiii-tiiif  scxiis  l(iiiuituiliii)>  iiicili- 
oni,  vi'iiiiilli-*  lciiii;i-<  ;  alls  |iallii|i>  fu-fi>ll.'ivcscfiit  iliiis,  ^ti^;lllatl•  citii. 
I'ulnii  :  |ii-tiiilu  I'l-lliila'  >iil>inai>(iiialis  jtriliia'  loiigo;  crlliilirt  Huliiiiurgiiiali 
Hftuii'la  I't  iKisti'iion  piiiiiil  a'.|U(;  loiij^is. 

I'alf  l>iiiwiiisli  (icIirac'Mdis,  (iim(|ti(',  trout  iirayi.-*!!  ;  aiitt'iiiiH' of  tiofh  ^cxfo  of 
iiiii<li<rat«>  |i'iij;lli,  uilli  loii^'  vcitiiils  ;  win>;s  witli  a  pain  ,vi'llow  isli  Inow  11 
tiiiiii' ;  ^til;ma  i-oiiunlorous  ;  tlin  i>t'ti(ilM  of  the  (Irst  Hiilniiar^iiial  cfll  is 
lot);.' ;  tliu  Sfooiul  Mul)iiiari.'iiial  ami  liist  )i<ist>'i'ior  cells  uru  of  tliu  sau.'o 
li'iiuth.     Long.  Corp.  n.'.V.i — [K'AH, 

Syx.   /.imniijihilfi  iiiiliirilld  < ».  Sackk.x,  I'roe.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  I'liil.  If^t'iH,  p.  2:i7. 

This  s|i('i'i(',s  is  foiuafivalily  like  the  itrcciMlintj  in  all  tiir  iiii- 
])ortiiiit  cliiifactoi's ;  it  is  slio'hlly  siimlhT,  and  tlie  wiiiu's  nn; 
iiiirniwcr ;  hcsitlos  these,  tlie  unly  slrilsiiig-  dillereiic's  cdiisist  in 
tlir  ciiloriiijr.  'I'lie  body  is  eiitifely  n|tii(|iie  ;  the  fVoiit  is  gTuy  ; 
till'  thiirnx  pale  yellowish,  of  a  mure  saturate  ei)lor  aliove  ;  pleiu'iu 
ami  iiietatliofax  sli<i"litly  hoai'y  ;  the  first  joint  of  the  aiiteiiine  is 
limwiiisli,  with  a  <i'i'ay  bloom  alxive,  the  basis  of  the  (hiu'elliiin 
|mlcr;  the  winjrs  have  a  sliji^ht  yelIo\vish-<i'ray  tiiiu'e.  AW  th(! 
oilier  eluiraeters,  ineludiiif^  the  stnietiirc  of  the  anteiinie  and  the 
venation,  are  like  those  of  L.  rccoiiilita. 

JIdh.  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.  ;  Marylnml  (Crcsson).  In  one 
s|)eeinien  the  sti<rma  is  faintly  brownish.  The  indicated  diiler- 
eiiees,  iiotwithstaiidiiijr,  it  is  nt)t  impossible  that  this  speeies  is 
only  a  variety  of  the  preceding. 

10.  L.  toxoiieiira  O.  S.  %  &n<i  9 . — Pnllide  ocliracea,  fiiscescens  ; 
aiitt'niii.s  utriiis([UH  sexus  longitudine  nieiliocri,  fuscis  ;  alls  siiiiliyalinis, 
stiirniate  pallide  infuscato  ;  petiolo  cellula' siilmiarginalis  jirinia'  lon;;o, 
conspicue  arcuato ;  cellulis  submarginali  secunda  et  posteriori  piiui 
subiH(iue  longis. 

P.'de  ocliraceons,  brownish  ;  aiitenn.T  in  both  sexes  of  moderate  length, 
brown  ;  wings  snliliyaline  stigma  pale  brownish  ;  petiole  of  tlie  lirst 
Piilanarginal  cell  long,  conspicuously  arcuated;  second  subniarginal  and 
tiisl  posterior  cells  almost  of  the  same  length.     Long.  corp.  0  3—0. :?.'». 

Syx.  Limiwiiliila  toxoncum  0.  Sacken,  Prou.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18.')'.),  p.  23(J. 


* 

■■4  r  !^ 

'  '  • 

■ ' ' '  *.'' 

< 

' »  . 

'f. 


i 


AS 


*:,  .-,: 


ii...   t.':  ■ 


i.'''!; 


■!.  i  i 


214 


Dll'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMEllICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


Front  grayish  ;  \)i\\\n  iiifuscated  ;  rostrum  yolluwisli ;  iiiitciiiKi' 
brown;  basis  of  the  third  joint  j)alo  ;  joints  of  tlie  llauiliinu 
t'htnji'atod-olliptical  ;  verticils  niodorate.  Tiiorax  bro\vni,-li-y(  1- 
low  with  two  i)ale  brown  stripes,  which  become  paler  near  thu 
collare,  where  thoy  communicate  with  u  l>rown  spot  near  lliu 
humerus  ;  they  extend  beyond  the  suture  posteriorly  ;  jdcinii; 
l)ale,  sometimes  with  a  pale  brown  stripe;  halteres  pale,  slightly 
inftiscated  ;  fet-'t  pale  tawny,  tips  slightly  infuscated.  Abdoiiun 
brownish ;  ovipositor  arcuated,  of  moderate  length.  ^Vinus 
slightly  tinged  with  grayish;  stigniu  faintly  infuscated  ;  nnirgiiiiil 
cross-vein  at  the  tip  of  the  lirst  longitudimd  vein  ;  pnefurca  gently 
arcuated,  rather  short,  not  longer  than  the  )»etiole  of  the  lirst  siili- 
niarginal  cell ;  this  petiole  is  conspicuously  arcuated  ;  the  l)ranelits 
of  the  second  vein  are  nearly  parallel,  except  at  the  basis ;  tin' 
second  submarginal  cell  is  only  a  trille  longer  than  the  lirst  pus- 
torior;  the  second  posterior  cell  rather  long,  in  comparison  to  its 
petiole  (the  relation  between  them  is  varial)le) ;  the  great  crn.ss- 
vei:'.  is  usually  opjxfsite  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell. 

JIab.    Trenton  Falls,  N.  V. 

This  species  is  easily  distinguished  by  the  arcuated  peliulL' 
of  its  lirst  submarginal  cell. 


■ir-t 


11.  li.  arcolatil  0.  S.  7^  and  9. — Ochracoa;  al.-B  subliyaliiia",  iiii- 
inacii'.at.'B  ;  cellulil  discoitlali  flougata ;  ejus  aiigulus  interior  et  \iv:v- 
fui'tje  initium  ab  alai  basi  tVr»)  avjUH  ditJtante.s ;  celluK-e  subuiargiiialis 
secunda  et  posterior  prima  longissiin.'u  ;  pia;t'uica  bievis. 

Ocbraceous  ;  wings  subliyaline,  iinuiaeiilate  ;  discal  cell  elongatfd  ;  its 
inner  end  not  nimdi  more  distant  from  the  liasis  of  the  wing  tlian  tin' 
origin  of  the  prsefurca  ;  the  second  submarginal  and  the  lirst  posti'iioi- 
cells  are  very  long  ;  pra'furca  sliort.     Long.  lorp.  0.27 — O.I!2. 

Syn.    IJmiKipldhi  areohila  0.  Sackkn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  IS.V.t.  p.  '-■)'. 

Ochraceous  yellow,  antennie,  except  the  basal  joint,  slightly 
infuscated;  front  sometimes  with  a  yellowish-gray  bloom;  kimli 
of  the  halteres  more  or  less  infuscated;  abdomen  brownish  al)o\i'. 
venter  pale;   f\)rci'ps  ochraceous;   ovipositor  hmg,  slender,  very 

slightly  curved;   feet  yellowish,  the  latter  part  of  the  til)ia'  1 

the  tarsi,  except  at  the  basis,  brownish;  sometimes  the  tibiu'  lU'' 
altoirether  vellowish.  The  antenmv,  if  bent  backwards,  wniiM 
not  reach  much  beyond  the  root  of  the  wings;  the  joints  i<\'  tin' 
flagellum  are  about  twice  longer  than  broad,  gradually  beconiiii,;;' 


LIM.VOPIIILA. 


215 


more  sIciuUt  towards  tlie  tip;  the  verticils  arc  of  nioilerato 
li'iij;tli.  Wings  subliyaliiic,  with  a  slight  yellowish  or  brownish 
tinge  ;  veins  somewhat  juihcscent ;  those  near  the  costa  yellowish, 
the  other  veins  brownisii ;  stignni  pah;,  sometimes  very  slightly 
iutuseated ;  the  most  striking  character  of  the  venation  is  the 
.shape  of  the  discal  cell  (Tab.  II,  lig.  fi) ;  it  is  long  and  narrow; 
its  inner  end  reaches  the  middle  of  the  length  of  tlu;  wing, 
iind  is  but  little  more  distant  from  the  basis  of  the  wing  than 
the  origin  of  the  pra'furca;  the  second  suI)nKirgiiial  and  Hrst 
])i  sterior  cells  are  also  very  long,  and  have  their  inner  ends  ex- 
actly in  one  line,  ai,  a  distance  beyond  the  inner  end  of  the  discal 
cell,  which  is  about  equal  to  the  great  cross-vein  or  longer;  the 
length  of  these  cells  causes  the  jjra'furca  to  be  very  short,  dis- 
tiiutly  shorter  than  the  discal  cell ;  the  petiole  of  the  (irst  sub- 
iiiiirginal  cell  is  aluuit  eipnU  to  the  pra'furca  in  length,  or  a  little 
loiiu'er;  this  cell  is  elongated,  sometimes  angular  at  its  inner  end; 
tin  marginal  cross-vein  is  very  faint,  about  tln^  middle  of  the 
distance  between  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  the 
inner  end  of  the  first  submarginal  cell ;  the  subcosti.l  cross-vein 
i.s  at  a  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  which  is  a 
little  shorter  than  the  length  of  the  great  cross-vein  ;  great  cross- 
vein  more  or  less  near  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell,  often  a  little 
beyond  it. 

JIdh.  Trenton  Falls,  X.  Y.  ;  Maryland  ;  Washington,  I).  C. 
Not  rare  in  ^Fay  and  Juno. 

I'l.  L,  adnata  0.  S.  %  and  9- — Flava,  tliorace  fermi,'inpo,  nitido, 
fronte  cinerea. ;  prajfurca  brevi,  arcuatil ;  alai'uui  inargiue  apiuali  iii- 
fusL'ato. 

Yellow,  thorax  reddish,  shining,  front  pray;  jiricfurca  short,  arciiiitcd  ; 
a')ieal  margin  of  tlie  wings  clouded  witli  brown.     Long.  I'oip.  O.li — O.f). 

S^'.N.   Limnophihi  adustu  0.  Sackkn,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  i^c.  J'hil.  IS.'ilt,  p.  •2-ut. 

I  possess  a  series  of  specimens,  varying  consideralily  in  their 
size  and  in  the  coloiing  of  their  wings,  but  having  the  following 
characters  in  connuon  : — 

Jiead  gray,  opaipu;  above;  rostrum  brownish-yellow,  ]»alpi 
brown;  antenna;  short  in  both  sexes,  yellowish,  biisal  joint  sonie- 
tinn's  darker;  verticils  of  moderate  length,  blaek  ;  Itasal  j(tints 
uf  the   flagellum  elongatetl-elliptical,   becoming  more   long  and 


•:  t: 


^"S^jOBr* 


210 


PIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV, 


.i.':r 


l'-*-.-!  - 


•5   t  t 


,|-.-:^;' 


I'll  ■  :m,'     '' 


Il;i-r-  :• 


slender  towards  tlii'  tip.  Tliui'ax  rcddish-yollow,  shining;  nliuvr, 
sciiH'iiiiiL's  with  ii  faint  longitudinal  brown  line  in  the  ini(hllc- 
plenra'  paler  yellow,  with  a  hardly  perc'('ptil)le  yellowish  hliKini, 
which  is  also  ](ereeptil)le  Iteyond  the  suture  alcove;  halteres  with 
a,  more  or  less  infuseatod  knol).  The  auxiliary  vein  is  neaiiv 
opp(»site  the  inner  end  of  the  second  subiiiarji'iiial  cell  ;  its  tip  lias 
the  appearance  of  being  incurved  towards  the  first  longitudinal 
vein,  whereas  the  cross-vein  seems  to  be  placed  between  it  ami 
the  eosta;  the  i)riefurca  is  arcuatt'd  at  its  origin,  and  reniarkahly 
short,  not  longer  than  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  second  siih- 
niarginal  cell;  peti<»lo  of  the  first  subinargiiuil  cell  of  moderate 
length,  S(jnietimes  but  little  longer  than  the  small  cross-vein,  some- 
times about  the  length  of  the;  great  cross-vein  ;  first  sjlunarginal 
cell  gradually  tapering  towards  its  inner  end;  secon<l  subr,  .M'ginal 
cell  a  litlli'  longer  than  ihc  first  posterior;  marginal  cross-vein  at 
the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  not  far  from  the  middli; 
of  the  anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein  ;  great  cross-vein  usually 
about  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein 
slightly  sinuated  in  the  middle,  and  s(unewhat  curved  in  the 
opposite  sense  at  the  tip.  The  tip  of  the  wing,  between  the 
stigma  and  the  apex,  is  more  or  less  distinctly  clouded  with 
brown  along  the  margin.  The  ovii)ositor  of  the  female  is  moder- 
ately long,  slender,  perceptibly  arcuated. 

The  specimens  vary  in  the  following  characters  : — 

The  larger  specimens  have  a  yellowish  abdomen,  brownish 
along  tiie  lateral  margins  oidy  ;  the  feet  are  yellowish  ;  femor.i 
with  a  distinct  brown  band  before  the  tip  ;  tip  of  the  tibia)  brown  ; 
wings  with  a  yellowi><h  tinge;  stigma  dark  brown;  a  luinnw 
brown  cloiul  runs  along  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  and  the  central 
cross-veins ;  a  brown  nuirk  at  the  origin  of  the  ])riefurca ;  the 
cloud  at  the  tip  of  the  wing  is  dark  and  very  Avell  nmrked. 

A  series  of  smaller  specimens  have  a  brownish  abdomen,  and 
brownish-tawny^  feet,  excci)t  the  coxa)  and  the  basis  of  the  femora, 
which  are  pale;  the  wings  have  a  very  pale  tinge,  and  have  no 
clouds,  except  the  more  or  less  faint  apical  cloud  and  the  more 
or  less  infuscated  stigma;  the  latter  is  sometimes  quite  pale. 

Between  these  extremes,  gradations  in  size  and  coloring  occur, 
which  comi)el  the  describer  to  unite  all  those  forms  into  one 
species,  until  further  observation  bring.s  more  light  upon  the 
subject. 


LIMN'OPIIILA, 


217 


Halt.  United  States;  I  have  scon  specimens  from  most  of  the 
.Middle  and  Northern  States;  as  far  Houtli  as  (icnrgia,  west  as 
Noilliern  Illinois  and  the  Ui)i»er  Wisconsin  Kivc;',  >uid  norlli  as 
.Maine  (Mr.  Packard).  The  h;i»ecimen  from  Maine  is  one  of  the 
larji'est  and  most  clouded  upon  the  winjis;  a  scries  of  specimens 
fntni  Delaware,  Pennsylvania,  and  Maryland  are  small,  with  pale- 


culured  wings. 


13.  L.  «llfeipenili9  0.  S.  %  and  $>• — Fnscana,  thorace  lineil  media 
fiisi-a,  pleuria  canescentibuM  ;  alls  fusfani.s,  i)el)iilis  obsoletiis  j)aiu;is  ob- 
sc'Uiis  ;  celliilasubuiarginalis  secunda  posteriori  priuiAconspiciie  loiigior; 
longitudiualis  septiinaj  apex  inciirvua. 

Browiiisli,  tliorax  with  a  brown  line  in  the  middle,  pleura  grayish  ;  wings 
brownish  with  a  few  obsolete  clouds  ;  sei.-diid  subiiiarginal  cell  con- 
siderably longer  than  the  first  posterior ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  in- 
curved at  the  tip.     Long.  corp.  0._8 — 0.3. 

SvN.   Liiimophila  lutelpcmiis  0.  S.\ckk.\,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18')!),  p.  2:j(j. 

Head  narrowed  posteriorly,  meeting  a  neck-like  prolongation 
of  the  collarc ;  front  and  vertex  hr(nvnish-gray ;  rostrum  and 
palpi  brown  ;  antenniie  brown  ;  first  joint  grayish  above ;  l)asis 
of  the  third  joint  pale;  joints  of  the  flagcllnm  rather  short, 
liociiining  more  slender  towards  the  tip ;  verticils  moderate. 
Tliora.x  opaque,  brownish  above,  gray  on  tiio  sides ;  stripes 
nearly  obsolete,  but  a  brown  longitudinal  lino  in  the  middle 
always  distinct,  llaltercs  with  a  dusky  knob.  Feet  tawny  ;  tips 
of  the  femora  very  faintly,  tips  of  the  tibiie  and  of  the  tiirsi  more 
distinctly  infuscated.  Abdomen  yellowish-brown  ;  venter  paler  ; 
forceps  brownish-yellow;  ovipositor  of  moderate  length,  gently 
arcuated.  Wings  (Tal).  II,  fig.  10)  tinged  with  brownish;  there 
ai'o  faint  brownish  clouds  at  the  origin  of  the  pra-furca,  the  inner 
ciid  of  the  second  submarginal  cell,  and  on  the  marginal  cross- 
vein  (other  clouds,  on  the  cross-veins,  at  the  inner  oml  of  the 
second  posterior  cell,  and  at  the  tips  of  the  si.xth  ami  seventh 
longitudinal  veins  are  almost  obsolete,  and  generally  invisible 
except  in  fresh  specimens)  ;  veins  brown  ;  first  longitudinal 
ferruginous  ;  pncfurca  of  moderate  length,  straight,  except  at  tho 
basis;  petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  about  half  the  length 
of  the  prajfurca,  gently  arcuated  ;  marginal  cross-vein  aI)ont  the 
niiddle  of  the  distance  between  the  inner  end  of  the  first  snb- 
iiuirginal  cell  and  the  tip  of  tho  first  longitudinal  vein ;  branches 


'.:■'■   -.4?:  'H'^-^-imisi 


.,■';  IV  ':' 


■'■■     ■)  ,»  ,  ■.;  wAf^ 


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t  I-    :  ,   *; 


It!'; 


;■"']■;  » 


218 


DIPTEIIA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[rAUT  IV. 


of  tlic  socoiid  longitiuliiuil  vein,  t'spcoially  the  posterior  one, 
arcuated  ;  second  sul)niurjriiial  cell  longer  tlian  the  lirst  posterior, 
by  a  distance  aliout  o(|ual  to  the  length  of  the  great  cross-vein  ; 
second  posterior  cell  short,  in  comparison  to  its  petiole ;  scveiitli 
longitudinal  vein  cons})icuously  curved  at  the  tip. 

JIah.  United  States;  common  in  the  vicinity  of  Washington, 
J).  C,  from  the  earliest  spring  through  the  greatest  part  of  tiie 
summer.  Florida  (in  March)  ;  South  Carolina;  Massachusetts 
(.Mr.  Scudder). 

The  forceps  of  this  species  is  represented  on  Tab.  IV,  lig.  2') ; 
the  inner  \ni'\r  of  appendages  is  ciliated. 

I  possess  a  specimen  without  petiolated  (second)  posterior  ('cli 
on  both  wings.  A  stump  sometimes  occurs  at  the  origin  of  the 
pripfurca. 

This  si)ccies,  together  with  L.  inornata  and  conlcmpta,  form  a 
separate  group,  distinguished  by  the  structure  of  the  antennii', 
the  shape  of  the  head,  which  is  narrowed  behind  ;  the  ncck-iikc 
prolongation  of  the  collarc,  the  venation  (length  of  the  second 
sulmiarginal  cell,  arcuated  course  of  the  posterior  branch  of  llic 
second  vein,  seventh  vein  incurved  at  the  tip),  etc.  All  these 
species  have  very  striking  pits  or  impressions  on  the  humeri, 
smooth,  and  as  if  horny,  at  the  bottom  ;  in  front  of  the  nicso- 
notum,  where  the  intermediate  thoracic  stripe  reaches  the  coiliire, 
there  are  two  small,  closely  approximated  dots  with  a  shining 
surface.  These  marks  are  either  black  or  brown,  and  somewhat 
different'in  size  in  the  diflercnt  si)ecies.  In  L.  Julcipenniti  tiiev 
are  shining  brown  and  very  distinct.  Similar  pits  on  the  hiinicri 
exist  in  many  other  species  and  in  dilTerent  sections  (compare  the 
Introduction,  p.  29),  but  they  arc  particularly  well  marked  in  the 
above-mentioned  three  species,  and  also  in  L.  fratria. 


14.  1..  contempta,  n.  sp.  'J,  and  $> . — Fuscana,  thorace  concolore, 
vittis  obsolc'tis,  pleuris  canescentibus  ;  alls  dihitissime  fusco  tiiutis, 
miicoloribus  ;  cellula  subniarginalis  s«^cuii(la  posteriori  prima  conspiciie 
longior,  longitndinalis  septima;  apex  iiiuurvns. 

Brownish,  thorax  of  the  same  color,  with  obsolete  stripes,  pleura^  ^vitli  a 
lioary  bloom  ;  wings  tinged  witli  pale  brcwn,  unicolorous  ;  second  siili- 
niarginal  cell  considerably  longer  than  the  lirst  posterior ;  seventh  longi- 
tudinal vein  incurved  at  the  tip.     Long.  corp.  0.21 — 0.2.'). 


Head  grayish-brown,  narrowed  posteriorly ;  rostrum  and  iial[>i 


■  •r.  y-<^ 


LIMNOPIIILA. 


219 


brown;  antennffi  brown,  third  joint  pale  at  the  basis;  flagelliini 
with  subcylindrical  joints,  gradually  bt'coniinj^  more  slender;  tiie 
ten  joints  before  the  tip  are  almost  linear ;  vertieils  moderate. 
Thorax  pale  brownish,  opaque  ;  two  brownish  stripes  above  are 
liiinlly  perceptible  ;  pleura)  somewhat  hoary.  Ilalteres  brownish, 
paler  at  the  basis;  feet  pale  tawny,  tips  of  the  tarsi  brownish. 
AViiitrs  with  a  pale  brownish  tinge ;  stigma  pale,  seldom  very  faintly 
(.'loiided  ;  veins  pale  brown  ;  the  venation  is  similar  to  that  of  L. 
UdeijioDiis  and  inornata.     Abdomen  brown  ;  forceps  yellowish. 

Huh.   Middle  States  ;  four  specimens. 

This  species  is  smaller  than  L.  lutcApennis  and  inornata;  of  a 
more  dull,  brownish  color;  the  veins  of  the  wings  are  paler,  etc. 
Tlic  impression  on  the  humeri  and  the  double  dot  in  front  of  the 
nit'sonotum  near  the  collare,  arc  small,  brownish,  but  distinct. 

15.  L.  inornata,  n.  sp.  % . — Fuscana,  thorace  griseo,  metanoto 
medio  infuscato;  alis  fuscano-flavescentil)us,  nnicoloribus  ;  cellula  sub- 
marginalis  secunda  posteriori  prima  conspicue  longior;  longituilinali3 
septinise  apex  incurvus. 

Brownish,  thorax  gray,  metanotnm  brownisTi  in  the  middle  ;  wings  tinged 
witli  brownish-yellow,  unicolorons  ;  secoii.i  submarginal  cell  consider- 
ably longer  than  the  first  posterior ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  incurved 
at  the  tip.     Long.  corp.  0.3. 

Head  narrowed  posteriorly,  meeting  a  neck-like  prolongation 
of  the  collare  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  brown  ;  front  and  vertex  gray, 
with  black  hairs;  antenna)  brown  ;  basal  joint  grayish  above  ;  the 
third  joint  (the  first  of  the  flagelluni)  is  a  little  longer  than  l)road, 
cylindrical,  attenuated  at  the  basis,  which  is  pale;  the  second 
joint  of  the  flagellum  is  of  a  similar  shape,  very  slightly  shorter  ; 
the  third  is  again  somewhat  shorter  and  more  slender;  the  fourtii 
and  the  following  joints  are  linear,  slender;  verticils  moderately 
long.  Thorax  bluish-gray  on  the  pleura) ;  mesonotum  opaque,  in- 
fuscated  in  the  middle,  in  the  location  of  the  usual  intermediate 
stripe  ;  brownish-gray  on  the  sides  ;  collare  and  nietathorax  gray  ; 
lialtcres  yellow.  Abdomen  brownish  ;  venter  paler ;  forceps 
reddisli-yollow.  Coxfe  reddish-yellow,  with  a  very  slight  gray 
hlooiu;  yellowish  at  the  base,  becoming  gradually  brown  towards 
tlietip;  tibiie  brownish-tawny  ;  their  tip  l)rown  ;  tarsi  brownish. 
Tiie  length  of  the  feet  is  comparatively  greater  than  in  /..  J>ilv'- 
pcnnis.     Wings  tinged  with  brownish-yellow  ;   stigma  pale  ;   a 


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BIPTKUA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


■f » :   ■  I-  •, 


m 


n 


very  faint  sliado  on  the  inai-giiial  cross-vein  ;  otherwise  the  winjr 
is  uiiieolorous ;  auxiliary  and  lirst  iongitiitlinai  veins  reddisii ;  the 
other  veins  hrown  ;  prailureu  of  moderate  l(!n<>th,  strain-lit,  exccpi 
at  tlie  basis;  jjctiolu  of  tlie  first  sul)niar<i'iiial  ceil  about  half  tin.' 
length  of  the  priufurea,  distinctly  longer  than  the  great  cross- 
vein,  gently  arcuated;  marginal  cross-vein  somewhat  n.earer  to 
the  inner  end  of  the  first  sul)nuirginal  cell  than  to  the  tip  of  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  ;  liranehes  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein, 
esi)eeially  the  posterior  n  arcuated;  second  subinargimil  coll 
longer  than  the  (irst  posterior  by  a  distance  which  is  a  littlu 
shorter  than  the  great  cross-vein  ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein 
curved  at  the  tip. 

Ilah.    Massachusetts  (Mr.  Packard);  a  single  male  specimen. 

This  species  is  very  like  L.  Iiiteijnniiiis  in  its  general  api)earaiice, 
but  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  unieolorous  wings;  the  thorax, 
although  brownish  above,  has  not  the  distinct  brown  line  in  tlio 
middle,  which  is  very  striking  in  hdeipennis ;  he  size  is  some- 
what larger;  the  feet  are  considerably  longer;  in  L.  Iiiff'ij)ciiin'x. 
the  fore  tarsi  of  the  male  are  about  0.'22  long,  in  L.  inonmln 
about  0.32  ;  the  head  of  the  latter  species  is  of  a  purer  gray,  tlie 
plcurie  more  bluish-gray;  the  second  sulimarginal  cell  is  a  little 
shorter.  The  only  specimen  in  my  possession  has  the  secmul 
posterior  cell  much  longer  than  its  ])etiole,  and  the  great  cross- 
vein  very  near  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell.  The  impressions 
on  the  humeri  and  the  double  dot  in  front  of  the  uiesonotum  are 
very  distinctly  marked,  black,  shining. 

16.  1a.  fratria,  n.  sp.  %  . — Fuacana,  thorace  cinereo,  mesoiioto  palliile 
iiifuHcato ;  antennarum  flagt-lli  articulis  usque  ad  apieem  brevilms  ;  alls 
uiiicoloril)US,  snbhyalinis,  parum  fuscaiio  tinctis  ;  cellula  subniait'i- 
nalis  secunda  posteriori  priiii^  inodice  longior.  •« 

Brownish,  thorax  yellowish-gray,  mesoiiotum  somewhat  brownish  :  joints 
of  the  flagellum  short  to  the  very  apex  ;  wings  unieolorous,  sulibyaline, 
very  faintly  tinged  with  brownish;  second  submarginal  cell  uiodeiately 
longer  than  the  first  posterior.     Long.  corp.  0.3. 

Head  yellowish-gray,  with  blackish  hairs ;  rostrum  and  palpi 
brown  ;  antennae  pale  brownish  ;  first  joint  cylindrical ;  the  secoml 
rather  large,  rounded  ;  all  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  not  niiieli 
longer  than  broad,  rounded,  gradually  diminishing  in  size  towurils 
the  tip  (not  at  all  linear,  like  those  of  L.  liUeipenrns  and  uiur- 


Wi'.t  J' 


LIMNOPHILA. 


221 


vnta) ;  verticils  moderate.  Tlionix  opaque,  of  a  dull  yellowish- 
{rni Y  ;  iiiesoiiotuni  yellowish-brown,  grayish  along  the  margins  ; 
KtriitL's  almost  ol)soi(;te ;  pk-uraj  and  metanotuni  hoary  gray. 
Iluhercs  yellow  ;  knob  somewhat  infuseatcsd.  Feet  yellowish- 
brown  ;  the  tips  of  the  femora,  of  the  tibiaj,  and  the  tarsi  darker ; 
abddiiien  brownish  ;  venter  paler  ;  foree[)S  reddish-yellow.  Wings 
uiiicolorous,  with  a  very  slight  brownisii  tinge ;  the  stigma  but 
faintly  clouded  along  the  marginal  cross-vein,  which  is  very  near 
the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  rather  distant  finm  the 
iniiei'  end  of  the  first  subniarginal  cell ;  the  petiole  of  the  latter 
is  of  about  the  same  length  with  tlie  distance  between  the  tip  of 
the  pnet'iirea  and  the  small  cross-vein,  and  distinctly  shorter  than 
the  great  eross-vein  ;  the  second  subniarginal  cell  is  therefore  but 
little  longer  than  the  first  posterior ;  praifurca  nearly  straight ; 
seventh  longitudinal  vein  very  gently  bisinuated. 

JIab.  Northern  States ;  a  single  male  specimen.  (I  liave  lost 
the  label  with  the  precise  locality;  the  specimen  is  caught  by 
mo,  and  therefore  either  in  the  State  of  New  York,  or  in  New 
Hampshire.) 

Tills  species  has  a  superficial  resemblance  to  L.  inornata,  but 
is  easily  distinguished  by  the  different  structure  of  the  antenna}, 
which  might  almost  be  called  submoniliform ;  by  the  much 
shorter  second  subniarginal  cell,  the  proximity  of  the  marginal 
iross-velii  to  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  the  much 
shorter  feet  and  tarsi.  The  impressions  on  the  humeri  and  the 
tloiibie  dot  in  front  of  the  niesonotum  are  black,  and  very  distinct. 
The  second  posterior  cell,  in  my  only  specimen,  is  shorter  than 
Its  ])etln|(',  and  the  great  erc'S-vein  is  a  little  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  (li.seal  cell. 

IT.  L.  1>revifurca  0.  S.  %  . — Fuscana,  thorace  concolore,  vittis  ob- 
soletis,  alls  (lilutissime  fusco  tinctis,  nnicoloribiis;  cellula  siibmarginalis 
setumla  e;  posterior  prima  subseque  lougre ;  posterior  secunda  perbrevis, 
petiole  longissimo. 

Brownisii.  thorax  of  the  same  color,  stripes  obsolete ;  wings  faintly  tinged 
Jvitli  brownish,  unicolorous  ;  second  submarginal  cell  of  almost  the  same 
length  with  the  first  posterior  cell ;  second  posterior  cell  very  short,  with 
a  very  long  petiole.     Long.  corp.  0.27. 

SvN.  Limnnphita  brevifnrca  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.  ISfiO,  p.  237. 

Head  brownish-gray,  antenna  and  palpi  brown ;  joints  near  the 
la 


■  '■-■. » ■  m 
■    ..  mm 


]:    M 


flU 


K  .  . 


11 


l\l-'\   '    » 


m 


0->.> 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


liiisis  of  tlic  fliifift'llurn  not  longer  than  broad,  somewhat  more 
eloiigalcd  and  slender  towards  the  tip ;  verticils  comparatively 
short.  Tiiornx  grayish-brown ;  an  obsolete  pale  brown  douhle 
stripe  above  ;  Iialteres  i)ale  at  the  basis  ;  knob  slightly  infuscated; 
feet  dark  tawny,  slightly  infuscated  at  the  tips  of  the  femora  and 
of  the  tarsi ;  coxa)  and  basis  of  the  femora  pale.  Abduinon 
brownish;  forceps  paler.  Wings  faintly  tinged  with  brownish; 
stigma  very  slightly  darker  ;  the  second  submarginal  cell  only  a 
trifle  longer  than  the  first  posterior ;  the  second  posterior  is  live 
or  six  times  shorter  than  its  petiole;  the  petiole  of  the  first  siil)- 
niarginal  cell  is  distinctly  shorter  than  the  great  cross-vein; 
marginal  cross-vein  very  faint,  about  the  middle  of  the  distance 
between  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  the  inner  end 
of  the  first  submarginal  cell ;  great  cross-vein  about  the  middle 
of  the  discal  cell ;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  straight,  except  the 
extreme  tip,  which  is  a  little  curved. 

llah.  Washington,  D.  C,  in  April.  I  Imd  eight  male  siieci- 
raens  when  I  first  described  this  species.  A  number  of  them 
were  swarming  round  a  spring,  in  the  woods.  One  of  the  speei- 
mens  has  a  faint  indication  of  an  adventitious  cross-vein  in  the 
middle  of  the  first  basal  cell.  The  black  pits  on  the  humeri  are 
well  marked,  but  the  double  dot  in  the  front  of  the  mesonotum 
is  obsolete. 

ISt  L.  ultima  0.  S.  %  and  J. — Gri&ea,  thorace  vittisquatuorfu-'cis; 
alls  hyalinis,  iinmaculatis ;  antennis  fusois,  articulis  flagelli  basalilms 
quatuor  coalescentibus,  incrassatis ;  cellula  subuiarginalis  secuiula 
priin^  posteriori  parum  loiigior  ;  vena  longitudinalis  septima  recta. 

Gray,  thorax  with  four  brown  stripes ;  wings  hyaline,  immaculate ;  an- 
tenna? brown  ;  the  four  basal  joints  of  tlie  flagelhim  are  coalescent,  in- 
crassated ;  second  submarginal  cell  but  little  longer  than  the  first 
posterior;  seventh  longitudinal  vein  straight.    Long.  corp.  0.2S— 0.33. 

Syn.   Limnophlld  ultima  0,  Sacke.v,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  238. 

Head  and  thorax  of  a  pui'c  gray;  antenna)  and  palpi  brmvii; 
the  antenna?,  if  bent  backwards,  would  hardly  reach  the  basis  uf 
the  wings ;  the  four  first  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  short  and 
almost  coalescent,  forming  an  elongated  almost  conical  body, 
which  is  stouter  than  the  remainder  of  the  antenna;  the  folhtwiiig 
joints  are  elongated,  subcylindrical ;  joints  rather  .short.  The 
thorax  has  four  distinctly-marked  brown  stripes ;  the  intermedi- 


LIMNOPIIILA. 


0  0 


ate  ones  nrc  npproxiniatcd.  iraltorcs  pnlc  ;  tlio  tip  sonu'tiincs 
sliirlitly  infuseatc'd  ;  Irct  I)r()\viiisli-pul)cs('('iit ;  spur.s  very  slmrt. 
Aljiloiiu'ii  <;niyisli-l)i'o\vii ;  forceps  of  tlie  same  color.  AViiiti's 
almost  liyaline,  distiiietly  broader  in  the  feiiiule  than  in  the  male  ; 
stiLMiia  pale ;  first  subniar<^^inal  cell  very  short,  licing  about  eipnd 
ill  liiiirth  to  its  petiole  ;  the  latter  is  peiitly  areiiated,  and  very 
IdiiH'  (al)ont  four-fifths  of  the  lenj^tli  of  the  pra>fiirea) ;  the  second 
siilmiiirginal  cell  is  very  little  loiiiror  than  the  first  posterior  ;  the 
finiiil  cross-vein  is  somewhat  oblicpie ;  the  discal  cell  is  somewhat, 
eloiij^atod,  the  cross-vein  at  its  inner  end  is  straight;  the  jx'tiole 
i)f  tlio  second  posterior  cell  is  usually  lonj^er  than  this  cell  ;  the 
seventh  longitudinal  vein  is  perfectly  strai;ji'lit.  The  marjrinal 
cross-vein  is  a  little  before  the  tij)  of  the  first  louj^itudinal  vein, 
a  little  i)eyoiid  the  middle  of  the  stigma  ;  but  as  the  length  of  tin- 
first  sulnnarginal  cell  is  somewhat  variable,  the  marginal  cros>- 
veiii,  which  is  usually  inserted  a  little  before  its  inner  end  (that 
is,  l)etween  the  petiole  and  the  first  vein),  is  sometimes  dose  liy 
tills  end;  in  some  specimens  even,  although  rarely,  a  little  beyond 
it  (that  is,  between  the  anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein  and 
the  first  vein).  The  position  of  the  great  cross-vein  is  also  v  ry 
viiriable ;  a  little  beyond  the  inner  end  of  tlie  discal  cell;  uv 
o}»|M)siie  this  inner  end,  or  even  a  little  before  it. 

Jlab.  Washington,  late  in  October;  Maine  (Packard) ;  Canada; 
the  northwestern  regions  of  Hudson's  Bay  Territory,  and  also  on 
the  Yukon  Kivcr  in  Aliaskn.  (Kennicott). 

The  forceps  of  this  species  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  24)  is  distinguished 
liy  the  great  length  of  the  basal  pieces,  and  the  comparative 
•siiialliiess  of  the  horny  appendages;  this  peculiarity  is  perceptibh; 
even  in  dry  specimens.  The  ovipositor  o''  the  female  is  long, 
u'liiily  curved.  The  black  humeral  pits  are  (iistinctly  pcrceptibk' ; 
I'lii  there  are  no  dots  ou  the  front  part  of  the  mesonotum. 

I!).  L,  api'iliiia  O.  S.  %  and  9. — (inerascens,  .ibdoniine  fiisco, 
jieililius  tt'staeeis  ;  alls  acl  costam  six  or  septein-niaculatis  ;  veiiis  tians- 
veisis  nebulo.si.s  ;  venule  trausversS,  superuumeraria,  in  diiuidio  cclliilre 
Imsalis  secundiB. 

Grayish,  abdomen  brown ;  feet  tawny ;  wings  with  six  or  seven  brown 
spots  near  the  costa  ;  cross-veins  clouded;  a  supernumerary  cross  vein 
in  the  middle  of  the  second  basal  cell.     Long.  corp.  0.2.'). 

bY.N.  Limnojihila  aiiriliua  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  '2',\^i. 


I,  ' 

I' 


'■a 


i 

■■■>,  ■  t<  ■' 


If.'   *,'',Lf  ■■'■F 


' ,  (\ 


V  -^^ 


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■>'.V' 


!:. 'ri 


224 


DIPTERA  OF  NOIlTir  AMKKICA. 


[I'ART  IV. 


Iff'lul  cincreons;  palpi  black,  short,  cspcfially  llio  three  hisL 
j(jints;  uiit«'iuiu3  hruwiiish-tuwiiy,  hasul  j(jiiit,s  lUirki-r;  they  iin^ 
sliort  ill  both  sexes;  when  l)unt  backwards,  tlicy  woukl  imt  rciii  h 
beyond  the  root  of  the  \viiif,'s;  Joints  of  tiie  lla<rclhiin  snl»}rlolMilar 
or  sliort-oval ;  those  of  the  male  are  clothed  on  the  under  side 
with  u  di-nsc  pulx'secnee  ;  verticils  distinct,  moderately  loiijr. 
Thorax  yellowish-j^ray,  with  indistinct  brownish  stripes,  \\w 
intermediate  doubh; ;  lialtcres  with  a  Ijrowii  knol),  S(jnieliiiie.s 
])ale ;  feet  with  a  comparatively  long  pnbesccnce,  tuwny,  <(i.\ie 
nnd  basis  of  the  femora  paler;  tips  of  ihe  femora  and  extreme 
tips  of  the  tarsi  sometimes  t-lightly  infnscated.  Abdomen  brown- 
ish, marj^ins  of  the  segments  darker.  Winj^s  with  Itrown  >-\u>\<. 
ulonjif  the  anterior  nuirgin  :  the  first  and  smallest  at  the  huiiK  ral 
cross-vein ;  the  second  between  it  and  the  o'-'irin  of  the  \n-,v- 
furca ;  the  third  on  the  latter;  the  fourth  r^t  the  tip  of  the  aux- 
iliary, the  fifth  at  the  tip  of  the  first  lonji-itudinal  vein;  there  are 
sniailer  spots  or  clouds  at  the  tips  of  all  the  loniritudinal  veins, 
except  the  third  ;  all  the  cross-veins  and  the  inner  end  of  the  fust 
submarp^inal  cell  are  also  clouded  with  brown  ;  the  first  and  (iflli 
longitudinal  veins,  in  the  intervals  of  the  brown  sjmts,  arc  usu- 
ally yellow.  The  petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  is  ratlur 
long,  longer  than  the  great  cross-vein  ;  prajfurca  angular  at  its 
origin  ;  sometimes  provided  with  a  stump  of  a  vein  ;  second  sul)- 
marginal  cell  distinctly  longer  than  the  first  posterior ;  a  su[ier- 
nunierary  cross-vein  in  the  middle  of  the  second  basal  cell ;  tiio 
seventh  longitudinal  vein  is  gently  siuuated  in  the  middle  and 
incurved  at  the  tip. 

Hah.  "Washington,  D.  C,  in  the  spring;  White  ^lountains,  X.JI. 

The  male  forceps  of  this  s])ecies  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  23)  is  somewhat 
peculiar;  the  hornj  appendages  are  short,  stout,  obtuse,  pro- 
vided with  a  deep  notch  at  the  tip  (1.  c.  fig.  23(7).  The  ovipositor 
is  very  long  and  slender,  gently  arcuated.  This  species  belongs 
to  the  genus  Ephdia  Schiner  (compare  p.  100),  and  is  very  much 
like  an  unnamed  European  species  (})erhaps  guttata  Macq.  ?)■ 

I  possess  a  couple  of  specimens  with  comparatively  shorter  and 
broader  wings,  larger  and  darker  spots ;  the  horny  appendages 
of  their  forceps  (as  I  have  noticed  upon  a  fresh  specimen), 
although  also  cleft,  are  less  blunt  at  the  tip  and  more  elongated. 
I  do  not  think  that  such  specimens  are  specifically  distinct. 


LIMNOPITTLA. 


225 


20.  I«  fliscovnrla  O.  8.  %  and  9 . — Ciiierascens,  abiloinine  fnsco, 
jif'liliiis  palliilis;  alls  latis,  dense  fu«co-i)iiiU'tatis  ;  ad  roHtaiii  iiiafuli!« 
in.'iJKiiliiH  t'us(  is  ;  veimla  tran.svtir»tl  HUiH'nutnu'rariil  in  cellulil  Hiib- 
iiiart;iiiali  ])i'iiiiil. 

(ir.iyi-'li,  aliiloiiK'ii  lirown,  feet  pale;  wings  broad,  densely  dotted  with 
Iniiwii  ;  largi'T  brown  sjxitrt  along  the  costa ;  a  s<U|iernuiuerary  cross- 
vein  in  the  lirst  snbniarginal  cell.     Long.  corp.  0.2-. — d.IJ. 

Sy.N.  Limii<>i>ltilii  {IHiriiintjihitKimu)  J'uscijfuric  O.  Sacke.n,  I'roo.  Ac.  Nat. 
So.  J'hil.  l.'-fili,  p.  240. 

Tlcnd  gray,  j)i'(»l)oscis  and  juilpi  In'own  ;  nntennaj  pale,  brownish 
towarils  tlje  tip,  with  niodcrati'ly  long  verticils;  when  hent  haek- 
wanls,  tlic  antenna;  wuiilil  hardly  reach  the  basis  of  the  wintrs  ; 
joints  of  tli(!  Ihijrelimn  short,  subjj^lubular,  ])ecoiniiifr  more  elongated 
and  slender  towards  the  lip.  Thorax  frrayisli,  with  three  narrow 
Ijidwii  lines;  the  internieiliato  one,  which  is  jtalor,  bejyins  in  two 
Ijlaclc  dots  near  the  colhiro ;  pleura)  with  two  brown  stripes; 
brown  spots  near  and  on  the  coxo3 ;  halteres  pale,  with  the  tip 
.>>li<!litly  dusky;  leet  pale,  j)ubescent ;  tip  of  the  tarsi  a  liUlo 
darker.  Alidonien  brown,  paler  on  the  margins  of  the  segment.^; 
lateral  margins  darker;  forceps  ])ale;  ovipositor  ferruginous,  long, 
slender,  nearly  straight.  Wings  very  broad,  variegated  with 
iiinnerous  little  brown  dots ;  iive  larger,  nearly  square  brown 
spots  along  the  anterior  margin  ;  a  supernumerary  cross-vein 
coinieets  both  branches  of  the  second  vein,  near  the  tip  of  tho 
anterior  one;  petiole  of  the  iirs*^  ubniarginal  cell  not  longer  than 
tho  small  cross-vein  ;  the  inner  end  e  this  cell  rather  broad,  not 
poiiiti'd ;  pnefurca  somewhat  angular  near  the  basis ;  second 
posterior  cell  short,  with  a  long  petiole. 

Hah.   Washington,  D.  C,  and  farther  north  ;  as  far  as  Quebec 
(Coiipcr);  not  rare. 

In  tlie  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phihid.  I  have  proposed  for  this 
species  the  subgeneric  name  of  DieranojjJirayma  (compare  p.  19!)). 

21.  L.  rilfiba^iis  O.  S.  %  and  9- — Cinerea,  halteribus  pallidis,  alis 
jiallidH  fusno-flavescentibus,  stigniate  fnsco;  venulis  centralibus  et  ven3, 
hingitudinali  quints  fusco-nebulosis  ;  pedibus  fuscis,  femorum  basi 
fernigineEl. 

Yellowish-gray,  halteres  pale,  wings  pale  brownish-yellow,  stigma  brown  ; 
central  cross-veins  and  fifth  longitudinal  vein  clouded  with  brown  ;  IVet 
brown,  basis  of  the  femora  ferruginous.     Long.  corp.  0.4 — 0.47. 
Syn.  Limiiophila  (Prionolabis)  rvjibasis  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil. 
18;')!),  p.  2:;!l. 
15     Sept.,  1868. 


t  *      '_     ■  *  ill ''i-HJt~l,B 


-m-  •  1 


r:m 


h  r 


lli'itr 


I    >  I 


S26 


niPTEHA  OF  NORTir  AMKUICA. 


[I'AIIT  l\. 


IIciul  yollowisli-gniy,  palpi  and  iintciimi!  lirown  ;  l)iisi>  dl  ili,. 
fla^nlliiiii  soiiK'tiiiics  fiiiiitly  I'lifi'scont  ;  tiic  aiiti'iiiui'  in  liotliM.\(>, 
if  Ijt'iit  liai'kwnnls,  would  not  reach  Ixyoiid  tliu  root  of  tlu'  wliiu;.; 
joints  of  thu  fla^,'c'lliini  not  much  longer  than  broad,  sonifwlmt 
luorc  elongated  towards  thu  tip,  clothed  with  Kcattrred  liaii'>,  Imt 
without  verticilrt.  Tlie  j?round-color  of  the  llionix  al)ovc  i-  n 
t^iullill<^  liluek,  but  it  is  almost  coiii))letely  hidden  nnder  a  lliii  k 
gray  dust ;  stripes  ol)sok>t(! ;  pleura'  gray;  iudleres  pah;  yclluw. 
C'oxu'  gray  ;  feet  rather  stout,  brownish-tawny  ;  femora  sonuulmi 
reddish,  except  the  tip,  which  is  brown  ;  tip  of  the  tii)ia!  and  ilic 
tarsi  brown.  Abdomen  grayish-brown;  Jiorny  jtarts  of  ili,. 
genitals  ferruginous  and  brown.  AVings  tinged  with  l)ro\vni>h- 
yellow,  yellow  at  tiie  root;  stigma  oldong,  brown  ;  central  (r(i>«- 
veins.  origin  of  the  pra'furca,  and  lil'tii  longitudinal  vein  sliuiiily 
clouded  with  brown ;  all  the  veins  brown,  except  those  near  the 
costa,  which  are  yellowish ;  the  margimd  cross-vein  is  very  iicur 
the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  although  (juite  close  iii 

it ;   it  is  about  the  middle  of  the  anterior  brs  tf  the  sccdinl 

longitudinal  vein  ;  the  petiole  of  the  first  sulmiarginal  cell  is  of  a 
variable  length,  but  generally  shorter  tlian  the  great  cross-vein 
(the  figure,  Tulj.  II,  fig.  3,  represents  one  of  the  shortest);  tiie 
second  submarginal  cell  is  but  slightly  longer  than  the  lirst 
posterior  cell. 

Hub.  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  New  York  ;  Massachusetts,  etc. 
Found  in  woods,  round  stumps  of  trees. 

The  size  of  this  .spet'ies  is  somewhat  variable  ;  the  wings  iire 
more  yellowisli  in  the  larger  specimens,  and  more  grayish  in  the 
small  ones.  The  male  forceps  (Tab,  IV,  fig.  27)  has  a  pair  nf 
large,  flat,  horny  appendages,  serrated  on  the  inside  ;  and  a  sccnnd 
pair  of  shorter  and  broader  appendages,  iiidei)endont  of  tlio  lii'-t 
(fig.  27,  b)  ;  the  number  of  indentations  of  the  large  appeiuinjrt'^ 
varies  according  to  the  size  of  the  specimen.  The  ovipositur  of 
the  female  has  long,  rather  straight,  slender  valves.  I  havu  ihd- 
posed  for  this  species  the  subgeneric  name  of  Prionolabis,  princi- 
pally on  account  of  the  peculiar  structure  of  the  forceps  (couipuiv 
p.  197). 


Ml 


23.  E>.  iniinda,  n.  sp.  %  and  9  • — Nigra,  thorace  nitido,  alis  pallide 
fuscescentibns,  stiguiate  fusco ;  pedibus  lutescentibus,  femorum  tibia- 
rumque  apicibus  fuscis. 


4^^  ss'! 


PI 


M.MNol'llll.A. 


2'27 


Bhrk,  tlii>mx  Hliiiilnjr,  wiiis'f*  witli  a  jiilc  lnowiiiifh  lingo;  HtiRina  lirowii ; 
f,-ct  vi'lldwirtli,  tiii.i  of  tlui  fomoni  and  of  llio  tibiiu  brown.  Jion^,'.  coi'i). 
(1.2')— 11.3. 

Ilnul  lilack,  oovored  ahovt;  wit  It  a  l)n>wuisli-grny  IdcMiiii,  uiid 
littler  (i|iiH|iM> ;  rostrum  and  pulpi  l)rn\vii  ;  ant<>niiie  Ijrowii,  clothed 
with  Mindt'ratoly  lonj;  hairs,  hut  without  verticils;  when  lieiit 
Imckwanis,  they  would  reach  l;ut  little  Ix'yond  the  root  of  the 
wiiiirs;  the  joints  of  the  llajrelluni  are  short,  soinewhut  ohcoiiical, 
hecitniiiifj;  cylindrical  towards  tlie  tip.  Thorax  hhu-k  and  shining 
iilidve  ;  pleura'  opiupjc  ;  haltorcs  yellowish,  knob  faintly  hrownish. 
Alidoaien  l)luckish-l»rowa,  the  nude  forceps  rcddish-I)lack.  Coxiu 
vcljdwisli  ;  icet  hrownish-yellow,  clothed  with  a  rather  loii<i:, 
lihii'k  pnhescence  ;  feiaora  and  til)ia'  inlnseatcd  at  the  tip ;  tarsi 
briiwn.  NN'inji's  with  a  slij^ht  brownish  tinge,  yellowish  near  the 
rdiit  ;  veins  brown,  exccj)t  those  near  the  costa,  wiiich  are  yellow- 
ish ;  sliirina  brown;  cross-veins  faintly  clouded  with  brownish; 
petiole  of  the  first  subniarfjiiial  >  r||  not  longer  than  the  great 
emss-vein  ;  second  subuuirginal  cell  but  slightly  longer  than  the 
lii'st  posterior. 

Jldh.  White  Mountains,  \.  II.,  in  July;  not  rare.  I  have 
seven  laiile  and  two  female  specimens. 

Tlu'  venation  of  this  si)ecies  is  very  like  that  of  L.  rujibosis 
(Tiili.  II,  lig.  .'5).  The  forceps  of  the  nuile  is  also  somewhat  like 
tliiit  of  the  latter  species;  the  outer  horny  appendage  is  elongated 
and  ciuved  ;  the  inner  one  stout  and  short  (compare  Talj.  IV, 
iifr.  •!',  foH'cps  of  L.  ri(Jil)O)^iK).  The  ovipositor  of'the  female 
liiis  long,  slender,  and  rather  straight  valves.  The  relationship 
(if  the  two  species  is  evident,  and  L.  munda  may  be  also  con- 
sidered a  Friouolabis. 


;jJ| 


211.  I„  inoiitana,  O.  S.     %  and  9. — Thorace  cinereo ;  vittis  quatuor 

fusfis ;  ali.s  fusco-niaculatis. 

Tliorax  gray  with  four  brown  stripes  ;  wings  spotted  with  brown.     Long, 
forp.  0.35—0.4. 

SiTN.   Limitiiji/iila  {Diicti/lolabis)  montami  O.  Sacken,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  I'liil. 
1859,  p.  240. 

Head  gray;  rostrum  and  palpi  brown;  antenna;  brown,  four 
husiil  joints  grayish ;  they  do  not  reach  much  beyond  the  basis 
of  iIh'  wings  in  both  sexes;  joints  of  the  fhigelliini  (dliptical, 
clothed  in  the  male  with  a  dense,  nueroscopie  pubescence  ;  verli- 


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DIPTKIIA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV 


t'ils  sliort,  bristle-like.  Thorax  yellowisli-g-ray  above,  willi  four 
brown  strijies,  the  intermediate  ones  aitproxiniated  ;  the  Intcnil 
ones  exti'Mil  over  the  suture  behind  ;  pleuriv,  sentelluni,  and  nicl,'- 
thorax  }j:rayish  ;  haltere.s  ])ale  ;  !V"t  very  lon<?  and  slender,  dark 
tawny,  ti|(s  of  the  femora  and  of  the  ii!)iic  darker;  tarsi  brown. 
Abdomen  brownish-j.!,'ray ;  foreeps  likewise  ;  ovijxt.sitor  IVrni- 
ginon.s.  "Winjifs  (Tab.  II,  fifr.  T)'  with  four  or  five  brown  spois 
ulon};  the  anterior  nniririn  ;  the  third  one  is  usually  prolonfiiMJ  in 
the  shape  of  a  l)aud,  over  the  central  cross-veins  as  far  as  the  (ifih 
lonuMiudinal  vein  ;  the  fifth  spot,  at  the  tip  of  the  anterior  branch 
oT  the  second  vein,  is  often  wanting;  the  posterior  end  of  iho 
disenl  cell,  and  the  inner  end  of  tho  second  ])osterior  ceil  are 
likewise  spotted  with  brown.  Marginal  cross-vein  at  the  tip  nf 
the  first  longitudinal  vein;  anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein 
arcuated,  almost  angular,  near  the  basis;  petiole  of  the  first  siil)- 
uiarginal  cell  about  the  length  of  the  great  cross-vein  ;  second 
snl)niargiiial  cell  only  a  trifle  longer  than  the  first  posterinr; 
discal  cell  elongated. 

Ifdii.  I'liited  States.  It  is  a  common  species,  and  occurs 
in  abumlanee  e.iseeially  in  rocky  localities,  alighting  upon  tlic! 
stone  ;  \  foiiiid  it.  in  this  situation  along  the  Hudson  Kiver  Kail- 
road,  near  New  York,  in  abundance. 

The  spots  vary  in  intensity  as  well  as  in  size;  those  at  the  tip 
of  the  second  vein  and  at  the  inner  end  of  the  second  posterinr 
cell  are  among  the  first  to  disappear;  tho  other  brown  marks  arc 
ai)t  to  become  very  pale,  almost  obsolete.  I  possess  a  couple  of 
specimens  with  an  adventitious  cross-vein  in  the  first  subniargiiial 
cell,  opposite  the  marginal  cross-vein.  Another  specimen  has  an 
adventitious  cross-vein  in  the  marginal  cell,  near  the  innor  end 
of  the  first  subniargiiial  cell. 

The  forceps  of  the  male  of  this  species  is  very  peculiar; 
instead  of  the  usual  horny  api)endages,  it  lias  a  pair  of  elongated, 
digitifonn,  soft  appendages,  which  do  not  overlap  each  other  in 
repose  (Tab.  II,  fig,  20  and  2(\a).  Tho  ovipositor  has  short, 
nther  broad  upper  valves,  abruptly  tapering  towards  the  tip. 
The  structure  of  the  forceps  and  of  the  antennnc,  and  the  peculiar 
venation,  have  induced  me  to  propose  for  this  species  the  sub- 
generic  name  of  Dacti/lolahis  (compare  above,  p.  198), 

'  The  figure  shows  only  the  veins  and  not  the  spots. 


LI  M  Norm  LA. 


229 


24,    L.  Clll»italiH,  ii.   sp.      %   and   9- — fiiipifa,  fiiscosrcns,  tlinrare 
fnsco-iiuailiivittato,  iicdilnis  tcstaceis,   alls  iimniiculatis,  stimiiatu  con- 
coloir,  i>t'tioli)  inlliila'  subinariiiiialis  iniiiia'  liicvissiuio ;   vmiulii  ti'an.s- 
■     versa  inargiiiali  ad  apiiein  longitudiiialis  prima'  siul. 

Browuish-gra.v,  thorax  with  four  brown  stripes,  feet  yellowish-tawny,  wings 
iaiinai'Ulate,  stij;iiia  colorless,  jn-tiole  of  tlie  lirst  sulniiart;inal  cell  very 
.short ;  niaru'iiial  cross-vein  near  the  tip  of  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein. 
Long.  corp.  O.'M — 0.4 

llcatl  {rniy,  with  short  black  luiirs  on  the  front  ;  antoiiiiii! 
lirowiiisli,  with  short  verticils;  Ix-iit  backwards,  they  \v».ukl  hardly 
reach  tiic  root  of  liic  wiiif^s.  Thorax  trray,  soiiicwhat  brownish 
ahovc,  with  four  brown  stripes;  ]dciira'of  a  lijrhtcr  gray;  haltcrcs 
vdlow;  feet  yellowish-lawny;  lip  of  the  til)ia'  and  tarsi  brownish  ; 
basis  of  the  co.Xic  grayish;  the  feet  an;  rather  .stout  and  clothed 
with  a  somewhat  conspicuous  blackish  pubescence.  Abdomen 
<Tavish-l)rown,  male  forceps  brownish-tawny  ;  ovipositor  ferru- 
friiions.  Wings  immaculate,  with  a  i»ale  yellowish  tinge;  veins 
pale  brownish,  except  the  first  longitudinal  and  the  auxiliary 
veins,  which  are  yellowi.sh :  the  stigma  is  hardly  ))erceptibie  and 
t'litirely  colorless.  The  petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  is 
about  the  length  of  the  small  cross-vein;  the  anterior  branch  of 
the  sec()nd  longitudinal  vein  forms  an  almost  right  angle  near  its 
origin  ;  the  prtefurca  originates  at  an  almost  acute  angle  ;  the 
second  subnuirginal  cell  is  only  slightl\  longer  than  the  first 
posterior  cell ;  the  great  cross-vein  is  near  the  inner  end  of  the 
iliscal  cell. 

lldb.    Virginia,  Ohio  ;   a  male  and  a  female  specimens. 

The  forceps  of  the  male,  as  far  as  can  be  judged  from  dry 
specimens,  resembles  that  of  L.  vionliind  ;  the  venation  also  re- 
minds of  this  .species,  especially  the  abrupt  angle,  formed  l»y  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein  at  its  (U'igin,  the  position  of 
the  great  cross-vein,  etc.  The  ovipositor  of  the  fenmle  is  very 
peculiar,  if  that  of  the  oid}'  female  in  my  posscssicni  csin  be  con- 
sidered as  nornml :  the  upper  valves  are  of  moderate  Iciigtli  and 
hardly  arciuited  at  all  ;  each  one  is  coinn-eted  on  the  under  side 
with  a  membrane,  which  seems  to  be  the  i)roloi)gation  of  tho 
valve.  The  dry  specimen  of  course  does  not  convey  i.  correct 
idea  of  this  structure.  //.  cnhilalix  is  certainly  related  to  />. 
mdtilaiui,  l)nt  I  am  uncertain  whether  it  is  to  be  considered  us  a 
Darhjiulabit;. 


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230 


DIPTERA  OF  NUllTII  AMEIUCA. 


[part  IV 


II.   Four  postrrior  cells, 

25.  I^.  ciliadrata  0.  S.  %  and  9- — Cinerea,  abdomiiie  fuscesceiite, 
aiiteniiis  palpisque  fuscis;  peiiilms  llavis,  fenioruin,  tiljianiui,  tarso- 
ruiiKine  apiuibus  fuscis  ;  alls  iiuiuaculatis,  stigmate  pallido,  cellulis 
posterioribus  quatuor. 

Yellnwisli-gray,  abdomen  brownish  ;  antenna)  and  palpi  brown  ;  feet  yel> 
low  ;  tips  of  the  fexnora,  of  the  tibia;,  and  of  the  taisi  brown  ;  wings 
immaculate,  stigma  pale;  four  posterior  cells.     Long.  corp.  0.28 — 0,32. 

Syn.    Limnophilti  qnadrata  0.  Sacken,  Froc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  185!),  p.  241. 

Front  and  vertex  yellowish-j^ray ;  palpi  and  antenna;  ]m)\\\\ ; 
basal  joints  of  the  ilagelliim  a  little  paler;  antennie  of  moderate 
len<,fth  ;  vertieils  rather  long.  Thorax  dark  yellowish-gray  ;  with- 
out distinet  stripes;  plenrie  slightly  lioary ;  halteres  pale;  feet 
yellowish  ;  coxio  and  l)asis  of  the  femora  pule  yellow  ;  tij).s  of  the 
femora,  of  the  tibia),  and  of  the  tarsi  brown.  Abdomen  brownish; 
genitals  yellow ;  ovipositor  slender,  long,  slightly  curved.  Wings 
(Tab.  II,  fig.  D)  faintly  tinged  with  pale  brownish  ;  stigma  eolor- 
less ;  veins  brownish.  The  auxiliary  vein  ends  a  little  before  the 
inner  end  of  the  second  sul)marginal  cell ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein 
is  close  l)y  its  tip;  the  pnefurca  is  long,  straight,  hardly  arcuated 
at  its  origin  ;  the  petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  is  longer 
than  the  great  cross-vein  ;  the  anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein 
is  obli(pie;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  at  the  inner  end  of  the  first 
sulmiarginal  cell,  and  somewhat  oblique;  the  inner  ends  of  the 
second  submarginal,  first  posterior,  and  discal  cells  arc  nearly  in 
one  line  ;  there  are  only  four  posterior  cells;  the  great  cross-vein 
is  about  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell. 

Jfdb.    New  York,  A'irginia,  Maryland,  etc.     May,  June. 

'J'he  ground  color  of  the  head  and  thorax  of  this  species  is  a 
shining  black,  but  it  is  concealed  under  a  gray  dust  or  bloom, 
wliieh  renders  it  oparpie. 

Although  this  species  has  only  four  posterior  cells,  while  /.. 
recondUa,  imhecilla,  tenuipes,  etc.  have  five,  there  are  abiimlunt 
signs  of  a  relationship  between  them.  Except  the  diirereiit 
iiundjer  of  posterior  cells,  the  venation  is  very  much  alike :  a 
long,  straight  priefurca,  forming  a  straight  line  with  the  posterior 
branch  of  the  second  vein ;  the  oblitpie  anterior  branch  of  this 
vein,  with  the  cross-vein  near  its  origin;  the  inner  ends  of  the 
second  submarginal,  the  first  posterior,  and  discal  cells  almost  in 


:Hi 


LIMNOPIIILA 


231 


OIK'  lino;  the  small  cross-vein  gently  arcuated  ;  the  end  of  tlie  fifth 
vein  strongly  arcuated  ;  the  long  verticils  of  the  antenna.',  the 
coni|)aratively  long  feet,  etc. 

20.  L.  lenta  O.  S.  %  and  9  • — Ochracea,  fronte  canescente ;  antennre 
iiijirirt  dense  pubescentes ;  aliB  iuiniaculat% ;  cellulis  posterioribua 
quatiior. 

Ocliraceous,  front  grayish  ;  antennte  of  the  male  densely  pubescent;  wing3 
immaculate;  four  posterior  cells.     Long.  corp.  0.27 — 0.32. 

Syx.  Liiimopliilu  lenta  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1850,  p.  241. 

Ocliraceous  yellow  ;  palpi  and  antenna}  (except  the  basal  joints 
of  the  latter),  brownish ;  the  antenna)  of  the  male,  if  extended 
])ack\vards,  would  reach  a  little  beyond  the  root  of  the  wings  ;  the 
joints  of  the  flagelluni  are  elongated-elliptical,  and  each  of  them 
i,<  clothed  on  both  sides  with  a  dense  pubescence ;  the  verticils 
are  but  little  longer  than  this  pubescence  ;  !n  the  female  there  is 
no  conspicuous  pubescence,  and  for  this  reason  the  verticils, 
although  short,  are  more  distinct.  The  front  and  vertex  are 
grayish,  the  former  even  with  a  slight  silvery  reflection.  Thorax 
ocliraceous  yellow,  opaque  above,  without  apparent  stripes ; 
liallores  yellow ;  abdomen  yellowish  ;  feet  pale  yellow ;  tips  of 
th(^  tarsi,  sometimes  also  the  extreme  tips  of  the  tibiai,  infuscated. 
Wings  subhyaline,  with  a  faint  yellowish  tinge  ;  veiri  yellowish 
or  yellowish-brown  ;  stigma  pale,  sometimes  faintly  iiifuscated  at 
the  cross-vein.  Prtefurca  comparatively  short  (not  much  longer 
tliaii  the  anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein),  strongly  arcuated 
at  its  origin  ;  petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  about  the  length 
of  the  great  cross-vein;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  usually  between 
the  inner  end  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  and  the  tip  of  the  first 
longitudinal  vein  ;  anterior  branch  of  the  second  vein  oblique ; 
the  inner  ends  of  the  second  submarginal,  the  first  posterior,  and 
the  discal  cells  are  nearly  in  one  line  ;  only  four  posterior  cells. 

JIab.   Virginia,  Maryland  ;  Illinois  (Kennicott). 

In  the  male  forceps  of  this  species  the  usual  falciform  appen- 
dages are  less  parallel  and  more  diverging  at  the  tip,  when  in 
repose,  than  in  the  other  species.  The  shape  of  tlii^  first  sul)- 
inarginal  cell,  the  ra'cuated  small  cross-vein,  etc.  of  this  species 
may  indicate  a  slight  degree  of  relationship  to  L.  (piadrata ;  but 
the  course  of  the  pra^furca,  the  structure  of  the  antenna),  etc.  are 
dill'erent. 


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232 


Dll'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMEUICA. 


Gen.  XXIX.    I  I.O.TIORPIIA. 


[I'AllT  IV. 


Two  submarginal  cells;  fmir  jioslt'iior  aJIs ;  discal  cell  closed;  siiU- 
costiil  crossj-vein  near  the  tip  of  the  anxiliaiy  vein  ;  iri)i;/.i  jimlii,  hut 
H'ciimIi/  ])iilt(isciiit.  Kycs  glabrous.  Anteinue  l(J-jointed.  Tibi;e  with  simr.s 
at  till)  tij) ;  eniiKxlia  distinct ;   ungues  smooth. 

Hostnim  sliort,  i)iili)i  of  niodorato  Iciijrtli,  Inst  Joint  slender,  Imt 
not  jnucli  longer  than  tlio  preceilinjr  ;  front  moderately  hroiiil. 
AntenntL'  ICv-Jointcd  ;  tliose  of  the  nude,  if  bent  backwards,  would 
nenrly  reach  the  end  of  tljc  thorax;  those  of  the  female  are  shorter; 
first  joint  cylindrical,  comparatively  sliort;  the  second  short,  as 
usual  ;  the  tliird  oval,  rather  stout  ;  the  foUowinjr  joints  sleiuU'r, 
linear,  wilii  rather  loiij?  verticils  ;  those  of  the  male  with  a  dense 
pubescence  on  the  under  side  of  the  flagelluin.  Collare  moder- 
ately develojicd.  Feet  moderately  loiitr  and  stout ;  liairy.  Spurs 
of  the  tibiie  small,  but  distinct.  "Wings  clothed  with  a  short, 
moderately  dense,  almost  microscoi)ic  puliesceiice,  which  is 
evenly  spread  over  the  whole  surface;  it  is  not  woolly,  like  the 
pubescence  of  Erioptera,  and  does  not  affect  much  the  tnuis- 
parency  of  the  wing.  The  subcostal  cross-vein  is  near  the  tii><)f 
the  auxiliary  vein  ;  the  prtcfurca  lias  its  origin  ii  little  before  the 
middle  ot  the  wing;  this  origin  is  slightly  arcuated  and  sometimes 
with  a  stump  of  a  vein  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  rather  faint, 
and  ))laced  at  a  considerable  distance  before  the  tip  of  the  first 
longitudinal  vein;  the  first  subniarginal  cell  is  almost  as  long  us 
the  second,  its  petiole  being  very  short,  and  in  some  specimens 
obsolete ;  the  inner  ends  of  the  second  subniarginal,  the  first 
posterior,  and  the  discal  cells  are  almost  in  one  line  ;  there  are 
four  posterior  cells ;  the  second  has  its  inner  end  more  or  less 
attenuated ;  the  portion  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein,  lying 
beyond  the  great  cross-vein,  is  arcuated ;  the  great  cross-vein  in 
most  specimens  has  the  appearance  as  if  it  was  too  short  for  the 
distance  it  has  to  cross  over;  it  strains  the  two  veins  which  it 
connects;  the  vein  on  the  hind  side  of  the  discal  cell  shows  this 
strain  very  plainly,  appearing  angular  at  the  point  of  intersection 
with  the  cross-vein. 

The  structure  of  the  antennas  and  the  venation  (the  presence 
of  only  four  posterior  cells  notwithstanding)  seems  to  point  to  a 
relationship  with  LiimiopJnln  rccondita  and  its  group;  perhaps 
also  to  L.  quadrala.     The  external  resemblance  of  Llomorjiha 


TRICIIOCEIIA, 


233 


to  via  is  great,  ami  lias  sugf,a'Hte(l  the  name  of  this  now  genus 
{i'la,  and  juo|jt})^,  form)  ;  svill,  tliey  are  easily  distingiiisiuMl  l)y  tlie 
position  of  tlie  suljcostal  eross-vein,  tlie  strueturo  of  the  ovi- 
jtusiior,  which  is  more  elongated  and  straiglit  in  the  present 
genus  than  in  L'la ;  by  the  glabrous  eycrt  tjf  Ulomorpha,  its 
e;li(irti'r  palpi,  etc.  At  i)resent,  oidy  one  si)eeies  is  known  ;  but 
it  secnis  possible  that  Limuoiihila  2)ili<jornls  Zett.  Dipt.  Scaiiil. 
X,  p.  3885,  No.  01,  is  an  Ulomorpha. 

Description  of  tlie  sjx'cies. 

I.  v.  pilosella  0.  S.  %  and  9- — 1'allide  fusca,  aiitennis,  palpis,  et 
fioute  t'u.scis  ;  abtlouiine  et  halterum  capitulo  infuscatis  ;  alis  iuimauu- 
latis,  pallide  fusco  tiuctis. 

Pale  brown,  antennre,  palpi,  and  front  brown  ;  abdomen  and  knob  of  the 
haltere.s  browuisli ;  wings  immaculate,  tinged  with  brown.     Long.  uorp. 

0.3—0.35. 

Sv.N.  Limuophila  pilosella  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phila.  lSi)0,  p.  242. 

Rostrum  yellowish,  palpi  brown ;  front  and  vertex  infuseatod 
ill  the  middle,  grayish  on  the  sides,  clothed  with  black  hairs; 
antenna?  brownish.  Thorax  jiale  brownish,  without  any  ajijiarent 
stripes  above  ;  iileunc  yellowish  ;  halteres  pale  at  the  base  ;  the 
kiiol)  infuseated  ;  feet  tawny,  tips  of  the  femora  faintly  infus- 
cated  ;  tips  of  the  tarsi  brown.  Abdomen  brown,  venter  paler; 
valves  of  the  ovipositor  long,  slender,  pointed,  nearly  straight. 
Wings  tinged  with  brownish  ;  stigma  colorless. 

Hab.    Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.  ;  Sharon  oprings,  X.  Y. 

Gen.  XXX.   TRICHOCERA. 

Two  submarginal  cells  ;  five  posterior  cells  ;  a  disoal  cell ;  the  su!)costal 
cross-vein  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein 
(about  equal  to  the  breadth  of  the  wing),  although  posterior  to  the  origin 
of  the  second  vein;  seventh  lonjitudinai  rein  very  sitort,  slrom/li/  (irciialtd, 
ahrupthj  incurred  totuards  the  anal  umjlc  (Tal).  II,  fig.  13).  Tibiie  with  spurs 
at  the  tip;  empodia  distinct.  A'/ycs  pnhescenl ;  tlistinrt  ocelli  on  the  sidis 
vf  the  frontal  tubercle  ;  antennre  setaceous,  l(i-jointed,  but  joints  very  in- 
distinct. Male  forceps  with  elongated,  fleshy,  digitiform  appendages  ; 
ovipositor  of  the  female  reversed,  that  is,  with  the  convex  side  abovf  and 
the  concave  below. 

Rostrum  and  proboscis  short ;  palpi  somewhat  prolonged,  the 
last  joint  elongated,  attenuated  in  the  middle,  and  thus  showing 


\ ,  U: 


'.A 

n  ■ 


<   ■  '.  -.'   vi 


'<■■■■<■        \   V- 


^-X'- . 


234 


DIPTEUA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[PA»T  IV. 


the  appearance  of  two  joints.  Eyes  largo,  very  convex,  pulvs- 
cent,  separated  alHtvc  by  a  very  broad  fiont;  two  ocelli  sue 
distinctly  visiljle  on  each  side  of  a  gibbosity  ininiediately  aliuve 
the  antennie  ;  the  latter  arc  considerably  longer  than  the  liciid 
and  the  thorax  taken  together,  setaceous,  very  slender,  finely 
l)ubesceiit ;  first  and  second  joints  very  short;  t'-e  third  and  the 
following  subcylindrical,  elongated,  gradually  becoming  nidro 
slender;  in  dry  si)eciniens  the  joints  of  the  flagelluni,  except  the 
basi:'.  ones,  are  indistinct;  in  livintr  specimens,  nnder  the  niicio- 
scoi)e,  the  antennie  appear  Ki-jointed.'  The  thoracic  suture  is 
well  marked ;  the  interval  between  it  and  the  scntellum  shows  a 
smooth  depression,  and  no  trace  of  the  longitudinal  furrow  usu- 
ally visillo  there.  Feet  slender,  with  an  almost  iniperceptililc 
pubescence.  Wings  (Tab.  II,  fig.  13,  wing  of  2\  bimacula  M\'i\\k.) 
rather  broad  ;  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  nearly  opposite  the 
tip  of  the  fifth  longit  idinal  vein  ;  the  suI)costal  cross-vein  is  at  a 
distance  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  which  is  nearly  Oi\VAi\ 
to  the  breadth  of  the  wing;  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein 
is  nearly  opposite  the  posterior  ])ranch  of  the  first  fork  of  tiiu 
fourth  vein  ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  originates  before  the 
middle  of  the  length  of  the  wing ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  at  a 
distance  beyond  it,  which  is  a  little  longer  than  the  great  cr^ss- 
vein  ;  the  prosfurca,  gently  arcuated  at  its  basis,  is  comparatively 
long,  but  little  shorter  than  the  second  submarginal  cell ;  the  lirst 
subnnirginal  cell  is  shorter  than  the  second,  its  petiole  biiiiir 
about  equal  in  length  to  the  great  cross-vein  ;  the  marginal  cids^- 
vein  is  a  little  beyond  the  inner  end  of  the  first  submarginal  ((.11; 
the  second  submarginal  and  first  posterior  cells  are  of  e(|iial 
length ;  the  discal  cell  is  somewhat  elongated,  projecting  inside 
of  the  small  cross-vein  ;  the  great  cross-vein  is  opposite  the 
further  end  of  the  discal  cell ;  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  is  aiiuu- 
larly  broken  at  the  great  cross-vein  ;  sixth  vein  straight ;  seventh 
very  short,  arcuated,  incurved  to  the  anal  angle.  The  forceps  (if 
the  male  consists  of  the  usual  two  subcylindrical  basal  piece?, 
each  of  which,  instead  of  any  horny  organs,  bears  a  movaljle. 
elongated,  cylindrical,  fleshy  appendage ;  these  appendages,  when 

'  This  number  has  been  for  the  first  time  correctly  stated  by  Mr.  AVest- 
wood  in  the  explanation  to  Tab.  XXVI,  fig.  8,  of  Walker's  Ins.  Brit.  Ih'ju. 
Vol.  Ill ;  in  former  works  it  was  given  incorrectly  or  not  mentioned  at  all. 


mw^ 


TIIICIIOCERA.  ii.iiJ 

nt  rest,  are  porrected,  slijjlitly  iiirliiietl  towards  cacli  otlier,  U-av- 
iiifj  a  coiisi(l('ra))l(.'  ojn'ii  space  betwooii  tliciii.  The  uvipusitur 
of  tlio  feinalo  is  distiiiji-iiislied  from  all  the  ovipositors  of  the 
Tiiiiili(l»-  by  iK'iiig  rt'vcrsod ;  tliat  is,  having  the  convex  side  of 
tJK!  arcuated  valves  above  and  tlie  concave  side  below.' 

The  Trivhocerue  appear  in  swarms  during  suni'y  autumn  and 
winter  days;  their  larvie  live  in  decaying  vegetable  matters,  and 
have  been  described  and  figured  by  I'erris  {Ann.  Hue.  J'JnIoni.  de 
France,  2c  sor.  A'ol.  V,  1«47,  page  37  ;  Tab.  I,  No.  III). 

The  pubescence  of  the  eyes  is  a  character  which,  so  far  as 
observed,  belongs  among  the  TijmlUhv,  to  the  Amahpina  alone. 
I'richdcera  is  the  only  exception.  Further,  this  genus,  and  i)er- 
liaps  also  Pedicia,  seem  to  be  the  only  ones  among  the  Tiiinlidnf, 
wiiieli  have  ocelli.  Trich<>"era  is,  moreover,  abumlantly  dis- 
tinguished by  the  position  of  the  great  cross-vein,  at  the  further 
end  of  the  discal  cell,  the  course  of  the  seventh  longitudinal 
vein,  the  flat  depression  between  the  thoracic  suture  and  the 
scatellum,  and  the  structure  of  the  ovipositor.  Neverthele^»^,  its 
position  among  the  LimnophiUna  has  nothing  unnatural.  The 
structure  of  the  forceps  alone  would  be  sufficient  to  separate 
Trichocera  from  the  Av'lopina,  whicli  always  have  a  strong, 
branched  horny  forceps.  Trichocera  is  represented  by  five  s})ecies 
ill  Europe.  Only  one  species  (  T.  ocellaia  Walk.  Dipt.  Saunders. 
p.  483  ;  East  Indies)  from  any  other  part  of  the  world,  besides 
America,  has  been  described.  Two  fossil  species  have  been  found 
by  Mr.  Locw,  in  th'j  Prussian  amber  (Loew,  Bcrnst.  u.  Jlern- 
steinfauna,  p.  37) ;  t  ey  are  very  like  the  p]uropean  species,  and 
show  only  slight  diifo/Cnces  in  the  venation. 

The  nan  e  is  derive. 1  from  tpiS,  hair,  and  xlpaj,  horn. 

Four  species  of  Trichocera,  peculiar  to  North  America,  have 
been  described  {T.  bimacula  Walker,  gy-aciliti.  Walker,  brionalis 
Fitch,  and  scidellata  Say'').  Moreover,  two  European  species 
liiue  been  mentioned  as  occurring  in  North  America:  T.  niaculi- 
pcnnis  Meig.  by  Stagger,  and  2\  regelationis  Lin.  by  0.  Fabricius. 

'  It  is  very  singular  that  this  striking  peculiarity  has  been  entirely 
overlooked  by  previous  authors,  even  by  those  who,  like  Walker  and 
others,  pretend  t")  describe  the  ovipositor.  That  the  pubescence  of  the 
eyes  has  not  been  noticed,  is  easier  to  explain  ;  likewise  the  presence  of 
ocelli.  Meigen  alone  saw  the  latter  (Meigen,  Vol.  I,  p.  211),  but  his  state- 
ment has  been  overlooked  since. 

'  The  descriptions  of  these  species  are  reproduced  in  the  Appendix  I. 


y 

]  11 

J  -, 

■  ■    ■.  ■.'•c-'iH  J 

■■■'■'•1^*1 

T.'H 


I 


.■«  if. 

■   i  .  '  * « 


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■mi '  Ui 


)t 


I'i:. 


I',r 


t  1 


^: 


,v'> 


''m 


2'.)C> 


DIl'TEUA  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


[rAUT  IV. 


'I'lio  small  minibor  uf  Trichuccrw  which  1  havo  boloro  iin'  lur 
comparison,  inuy  be  grouped  thus  : — 

I.  Wings  with  two  brown  clouds,  one  near  tlie  origin  of  the 

prcfil'uroa,  tlie  other  ou  the  .small  cross-vein. 

1.  Knob  of  the  lialteres  not  infuMcateii ;   thorax  with  a 

yellowish-gray  bloom  above,  and  with  rather  dis- 
tinct brown  stripes  ;  the  petiole  of  the  first  sub- 
marginal  uell  is  about  three  times  the  length  of  the 
distance  Ljtween  the  inner  end  of  this  uell  and  the 
marginal  cross-vein  (Tab.  II,  fig.  1:5)  ;  the  latter  not 
perceptibly  clouded  with  brown ;  wings  compara- 
tively narrow  ;  long.  corp.  about  0,25.  Very  com- 
mon everywhere bimacula  Walk, ' 

2.  Knob  of  the  lialteres  distinctly  infuscated  ;  wings  niucli 

broader  than  in  the  preceding  species  ;  the  thorax 
is  of  a  paler  yellowisli-gray  and  the  strijies  less  dis- 
tinct, although  visible  ;  tha  petiole  of  the  first  sub- 
marginal  cell  is  but  little  longer  than  tlie  interval 
between  the  inner  end  of  this  cell  and  the  marginal 
cross-vein  ;  the  latter  with  a  distinct  brown  cloud  ; 
long.  Corp.  0.25.  A  single  female  siij'cimen,  from 
Canada  .        .        .         maculipennis  .lA///.,  or  nov.  sp.  ? 

II.  Wings  with  a  single  faint  brown  cloud  on  the  small  cross- 

vein. 

3.  The  petiole  of  the  first  ?ubmarginal  cell  is  about  twice 

the  length  of  the  distance  between  the  inner  end 
of  this  cell  and  the  marginal  cross-vein  ;  the  wings 
are  rather  broad,  almost  hyaline  ;  the  thorax 
brownish,  with  a  yellowish-gray  bloom ;  stripes 
almost  obsolete,  hardly  visible ;  knob  of  the 
lialteres  brown ;  the  great  cross-vein  is  a  little 
before  the  posterior  end  of  the  discal  cell ;  a  single 


male  specimen ;  long.  corp.  0.18 


.  Spec. nova? 


III.  Wings  unicolorous. 

4.  Thorax  brownish,  with  a  yellowish-gray  bloom,  and 
with  tolerably  well  marked  brownish  stripes ; 
wings  with  a  very  faint  yellowish  tinge  ;  the 
petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell  is  equal  in 
length  to  the  distance  between  the  inner  end  of 
this  cell  and  the  marginal  cross-vein  ;  the  great 
cross-vein  is  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  discal  cell, 
or  very  near  this   end ;   halteres  with   brownish 


knobs  ;  long.  corp.  0.21 


.  Spec,  nova? 


TUICIIOCEIIA. 


23: 


Thorax  of  a  purer  gray  than  any  of  the  preceding 
species  ;  the  two  brown  stripes  are  very  faintly 
uuukml  on  the  front  part  of  tlie  inesonotum  only  ; 
wings  clearer  hyaline  than  in  the  preceding 
species ;  venation  as  in  the  preceding  species ; 
•  stigma  very  faintly  infuscatud  ;  halteres  with  a 
browu  kuob  ;  long.  corp.  about  0.2        .        .  brumalls  Fitch  ? 


I 


t 


The  snnrll  materials  in  my  possession  do  not  allow  me  to 
atton.pt  the  description  of  the  apparently  new  species.  At  the 
smut  lime,  the  existinjj;  descriptions  are  too  incomplete  or  too  in- 
foncet  to  admit  of  a  positive  idontilication.  The  description  of 
T-  bimacula  Walker,  for  instance,  is  snch  as  to  render  it  very 
douhtful  whether  the  species  given  above  under  that  name  is 
really  Walker's  species;  the  character,  "abdomen  with  alternate 
tawny  and  brown  rings,"  is  not  visible  in  my  specimens. 

A  large  number  of  specimens   and  a  comparison  with   the 
European  species  will  be  necessary  to  those  who  will  attempt  the 
description  of  the  North  American  species. 
17 


',.*■! 


^m^ 


'  i  ••. ' ; 


'■■'^rm 


';','T,     ' 

1 

■' 

il 

'■■■"':  *'-    '  "■''■  jBI 

:iiL:^;:l 

■     :^>J'^S 

[SM 

'« 

f!^'H 


7^1 


n:f: 


I 


J  -  i 


I"  fi 


9: 


238 


DIPTKRA  OF  NURTII  AMEUICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


Section  V.  AXISOMERINA. 


Two  submarginal  cells  (only  one  in  Chuhlijx's')  ;  three,  fonr,  or  five  posterior 
cells  ;  fliscal  cell  closed  or  ojjen  ;  subcontal  cioss-vein  near  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein,  j)OHterior  to  the  origin  of  the  second  vein.  Eyes  glahrous. 
T'lip  nornuil  mtnilier  (if'  tin'  nnl(  iiikiI  joinls  is  si.r  in  the.  inali;  iinil  not  inuri'  llnri 
ten  in  the fejiiole..  Tibite  with  spurs  at  the  tip  ;  euipodia  distinct;  ungues 
generally  smooth. 

This  section  is  easily  distiiifjiiislu'd  by  the  aberrant  number  of 
antennni  joints.  In  other  respects,  th(!  most  niimerou.s  freiiiis  uf 
the  family,  Erioccra  is  e.xceediiifrly  like  the  Livino})hHina  in  its 
venation  and  the  structure  of  its  male  forceps.  The  species  of 
Eriovera  and  Fi'ti/hojilcra,  have  either  five  or  four  posterior 
cells,  a  character  which,  in  this  section,  seems  to  have  no  hij^lior 
lmi)ortancc  than  for  the  distinction  of  species.  In  Aiii.ouia'm 
and  CldihdijH's  the  po.stcrior  cells  are  reduced  to  the  iinusmil 
nunil)er  of  three;  to  which,  in  the  latter  genus,  is  added  the  ilis- 
api)earance  of  the  first  submarginal  cell. 

These  difl'erences  in  the  venation  notwithstanding,  strong  links 
of  afiinity  unite  these  genera.  The  male  has  six-jointed  antenna", 
which,  in  some  species,  arc  much  longer  than  those  of  the  female, 
f!ometimes  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  body;  while  in  otliiT- 
wise  closely  allied  species  the  antenna)  of  both  sexes  are  short 
and  nearly  of  the  same  length.  These  modiiications  in  the  rclii- 
tivc  length  of  the  antennte  occur  in  the  three  principal  genera  of 
this  rectioii,  Anisomera,  Fcnthojdern,  and  Eriocera.  The  i'einale 
antenme  are  short,  and  the  structure  of  their  apical  portion  is 
.such  as  to  leave  the  number  of  the  joints,  composing  it,  sonu- 
what  uncertain,  especially  in  dry  specimens.  On  living  female 
specimens  of  Eriocera  and  Penlhoptera  I  have  distinctly  cuuiiteJ 
ten  joints. 

The  ovipositor  of  Anisovicra  has  a  peculiar  structure  ;  tlio 
valves  are  short  and  blunt,  the  upper  ones  much  shorter  than  the 


ANISOMKKA. 


2;]() 


lower  Olios.  Tlu'  sniiic  struclMrc  occurs  in  Erinrera  longirorni)^. 
Till'  otlifi"  Ki'iori'i'n;  ns  well  as  rcnlliojdera,  Iiiivc  tint  ovipositor 
of  tli(!  iisimi  slnictiin!. 

l-j-i(iririi,  and  sonic  forms  related  to  it  arc  abuiidanlly  rcprc- 
sentcil  in  tlic  Wiiniicr  rcjrions  of  Asia,  Africa,  ami  Anu'rica;  tins 
ircniTii  J'lcrocoKiuua  ^Valli.,  J'tii/sfirnnia  Jiiji'ot,  ()li(/(>iiifra 
llulisciiall,  and  Evanioptcra  (iuoriii,  an;  citiicr  synonyiiioii.s  with 
Eridt'i'd  or  rclatf'd  to  it.  The  other  genera  of  tliis  sccli<tn  have 
not  l)t(ii  (li.-rovered  yet  outside  of  tlie  temixTato  rcf^ions  of 
JMM'niM.'  and  North  America. 

Tlie  jreiius  Jlcr/'(i  Koiidani  {Alii  <1.  Sc  A'niur.  tU  MUano,  J  I, 
]).  ."»(i,  witli  liirnres),  lor  wliieii  tliis  author  estalilishes  a  separate 
fiiuiily,  Jlcrlfidiv  (eoiiip.  aljovc,  j).  12),  is  based  upon  a  sinji'le 
s|M'ciiiieii  found  mnh'r  heeeh  k'aves.  Its  wings  are  abort  ivi',  very 
short,  witiiniit  any  apparent  veiiatit)n ;  it  has  a  tubercle  on  tlio 
front  witii  two  or  three  indistinct  ocelli  (the  author  himself,  how- 
ever, was  not  certain  about  the  correctness  of  tliis  statement)  ; 
the  antenna;  are  twelve-jointed,  the  third  joint  being  cylindrical 
iuid  id)oiit  twice  the  length  of  the  first  and  second  joints  taken 
toj;ether,  while  the  other  joints  of  the  flagelluni  are  ronndcfl.  If 
(  ineiiiidii  this  genus  here,  it  is  because  the  tubercle  on  the  front 
iuul  the  lengtii  of  the  third  antennal  joint  may  indicate  a  relation- 
ship of  livrtra  to  the  AniHomerina ;  however,  the  above-(pioted 
(jeseription  docs  not  furnish  the  necessary  data  for  any  positive 
coiiflusiou. 

Gen.  XXXI.   AlVISOItlERA. 

Two  siibniarginal  cells  ;  ihren  paslcrior  ccll.^ ;  discal  cell  open  ;  subcostal 
cross-vein  near  the  tip  of  tlie  auxiliary  vein  (Tab.  II,  lig.  12).  Tibi.'c  with 
iiiuiis  at  the  tip;  euipodia  distinct.  Eyes  glabrous,  front  with  a  large 
cildiosity  behind  tiie  aiittiiiue  ;  the  latter  ti-jointed,  sometiuios  with  a  rudi- 
iiieiital  seventh  joint  at  the  tip,  in  the  male  ;  in  the  female  they  have  th«j 
siiiiie  number  of  joints,  but  the  sixth  lias  often  the  api)earance  of  hieing 
sutxlivided  in  three,  four,  or  five  joints.  Ovipositor  of  the  female  short, 
obtuse ;  upper  valves  shorter  than  the  lower  ones. 

Keiid  large  and  broad  ;  rostrum  and  palpi  short ;  the  latter 
(lU'curding  to  AVailver  and  Schiner)  have  joints  of  an  e(pial  size; 
front  very  broad,  frontal  gibbosity  bituberculate ;  eyes  very 
roinotc  on  the  upper  as  well  as  on  the  under  side  of  the  head. 
Antenna)  six-jointed  in  the  male,  the  third  joint  being  the  longest ; 


,.'  i  ■'  if 


: '  •:',•' 


.   !• 


■i-r 


'240 


DII'TKRA  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


[I'AK 


T  IV. 


tlicy  arc  lililnrin  nr  snl)lilirt)rin,  iiiiil  viiry  in  Inigth  in  dill*  nut 
Hpccies ;  in  soinr,  they  lire  longer  tliiiii  the  Ixxly,  in  others  iiIkhh 
half  tlic  jrn^rtli  of  tlii.>  Ixxly  ;  ngain  in  others  Khorler  tiinn  i||i> 
tiiorax.     Tlie   tiiitennie  of  tiic   fenniJo   iirc   always  hlidrter  tliMu 


th. 


use  of  tlie  male,  apparel 


tly  lik 


ewise    (i-joinled  ;   the 


Inst 


"lilt, 


however,  sii(»ws  transverse!  divisions,  whieii  inivu  often  iji,. 
appeiiranee  of  throe,  four,  or  five  additional  joints.'  'Ww  uii- 
teiinie  of  Imth  sexes  are  piiheseeiit,  hut  without  vortieillute  Imirs. 
The  head  is  closely  api)liud  to  the  short  collure,  which  reeeivi  v  Ji 
in  u  kind  of  excavation  ;  this  character,  distinctly  apparent  in 
tin;  only  Nortli  American  species,  is  also  common  to  all  tlir 
Knr"pean  ones  (Loew,  1.  c).  Thoracic  suture  deeply  marked, 
Feel  mori!  or  less  lon<j^  and  stout,  spurs  of  the  tihiie  and  empiidia 
tlistinct  ;  tiii}>:ucs  usually  smooth.  (Tiie  European  ^1.  /n/(;//y/,',< 
luis,  accordinj;  to  Loew,  a  distinct  and  rather  stronj?  tooth  on  tliu 
under  side  of  the  un}>'ues  of  the  hindmost  feet;  this  is  prolaiblv 
the  anji'idar  projection  of  the  stout  hasal  portion  of  the  uiiuins, 
which  occurs  also  in  Eriocera  and  looks  like  a  tooth,  allhoii<,di  it 
is  (piite  distinct  froui  the  teeth  on  the  ungues  of  the  Limiwhinn.) 
The  wings  of  the  North  American  ^1.  mctjucera  are  nnich  slmi'tcr 
and  narrower  la  the  male  than  in  the  fenuile ;  but  this  does  imt 
seem  to  be  the  case  with  the  European  species  (Mr.  Loew  (lihn 
mentions  the  wings  of  the  female  as  being  like  those  of  the  iiiaii). 
The  venation  of  .'  merjacera  (Tab.  II,  fig.  12)  shows  the  I'nllow- 
iiig  characters  :  the  auxiliary  vein  ends  in  the  costa  nearly  uppu- 

'  Hence  the  disagreement  between  authors  as  to  the  number  of  the  an- 
teiinal  joints  of  the  female.  Westwood  (in  the  explaimtion  of  Tub.  XXVI 
of  Walker's  A'**-.  Brit.  Dipfera)  calls  the  antennjc  of  a  female  AiiisanKm 
Id-jointed;  this  would  be  in  conformity  with  tlie  antennie  of  the  females 
of  Eriocera  and  Penthoptera,  upon  which  I  have  counted  ten  joints  du  living 
specimens.  The  only  fresh  female  specimen  of  ^1.  met/accra,  which  I  have 
had  the  opportunity  to  examine,  had  several  subdivi,si(ins  of  the  last  jdint. 
but  they  were  not  sufficiently  distinct  to  be  counted  ;  a  dry  specimen  sliowii 
three  such  subdivisions  ;  a  dry  European  specimen  which  I  have  het'ore 
me  (perhaps  Peroneccra?),  shows  four  or  five.  Mr.  Loew,  in  his  article, 
Ueber  die  bisher  beschriebenen  europiiischen  Anismncra-Arten  (in  the  /.lit- 
schrlft  fiir  die,  r/eiiammtcn  Nnttmrinsenschaflen,  Nov.  ISGf)),  calls  the  antenna 
six-jointed  in  both  sexes,  sometimes  with  a  more  or  less  developed  .seventh 
joint ;  the  latter  species,  according  to  this  author,  belong  to  the  nuniheroi 
those  which  have  short  antennre  in  the  male  sex.  I  will  have  fre(|iieiit 
opportunities  to  quote  Mr.  Loew's  article,  and  give  therefore  its  title  in  full. 


■*l.    1. 


ANISOMKHA. 


241 


site  tlic  inner  end  of  tlio  sccdnd  suhnmrf^iniil  cell  (ii  little  anterior 
to  it);  tlic  siibeostal  cross-vein  is  very  near  its  ti|> ;  the  tip  of 
tlic  lirst  loiiffitudinal  vein  is  nearly  opposite  tlie  tip  of  tlio 
posterior  braneii  of  tiie  fourth  lon^ntudinal  vein;  tlie  niar^rinal 
cross-vein  is  a  very  short  distance  anterior  to  tins  tip;  the  second 
loiiu'itndinal  vein  originates  about  llie  middle  of  the  lenuth  nf 
tlif  win};,  or  a  little  before  it  (in  the  female);  pnel'iirca  Ion;r, 
nliiiost  eipnil  in  lenpcth  to  the  second  subnuirfrinul  cell,  or  s(tiiie- 
wlmt  loiifrer  (in  the  female);  its  course;  is  straiu'lit  ;  the  fork  of 
the  second  veii;  is  very  short,  as  in  0'<>nio)iii/i(i,  and  hence,  the 
first  siihnnirf?inal  cell  is  triantridar ;  the  petiole  of  this  cell  is 
many  times  loiifrer  than  the  cell,  and  has  the  nnir^yinal  critss-vein 
nhoiit  its  ndddle ;  the  second  Hubniar<rimd  cell,  which  is  some- 
wlitit  arcuated  in  shape,  is  loiifrer  than  the  first  posterior;  the 
inner  ends  of  the  three  posterior  cells  are  often  nearly  in  a  line  ; 
sometimes,  however,  the  inner  end  of  the  second  jjostcrior  cell 
projects  inside  of  this  line;  the  fourth  vein  is  in  a  strai<ihl  line 
witli  its  posterior  branch  ;  the  anterior  branch  (inclosiiij;:  the 
second  posterior  cell)  is  ang-ular  at  the  inner  end  ;  as  neither  of 
the  liranches  is  forked,  there  can  I)e  only  three  |tostcri(n*  cells  and 
no  discal  cell  ;  the  three  last  lonj^itndiiial  veins  are  nearly 
stiaiirht.  The  European  species  have,  in  the  main,  an  exactly 
giiiiilar  venation  (compare  the  figures  in  ^leigeii,  \'ol.  I,  'i'al). 
Vil,  and  Walker,  fns.  Brit.  Dipt.  Tab.  XXVI,  lig.  !)).  Tin; 
species  diflcr,  however,  in  one  ])oint  only  ;  the  length  vi  the  first 
suhinargiiial  cell;  in  some  species,  this  cell  is  longer  than  ils 
petiole,  and  in  such  cases  the  marginal  cross-vein  connects  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  with  the  anterior  braneli  of  the  second, 
and  not  with  the  petiole.  It  seems  that  among  the  European 
species  a  short  first  submarginal  cell  and  a  marginal  cross-vein 
inserted  about  the  middle  of  its  petiole,  are  characters  usually 
connected  with  short  antenna)  in  the  male  (compare  Loew,  I.  c. 
p.  414);  but  the  American  A.  meijacrra  proves  that  this  is  iint 
an  invariable  rule;  although  this  species  has  a  very  short  first 
i'uljinarginal  cell,  the  antcnmc  of  the  male  are  much  longer  than 
tlie  body. 

The  male  forceps  does  not  seem  to  have  anything  unusual  in 

its  structure;  it  consists  of  the  ordinary  basal  pieces,  with  horny 

appcndagps ;  I  have  not  had  the  opportunity  to  observe  it  upon 

living  specimens.     The  ovipositor  of  the  female  is  remarkable  fur 

IG     October,  1868. 


m 


t    ■  0'. 


Ml'- 


!li 


I    It 


I    : 


il    ■'■•If':-  •;  ;■ 


if.  >- 


n 


!•■ 


242 


DIPTEIIA  OF  NORTH  AMKKICA. 


[PAitr  IV. 


the  shortness  of  its  valves  ;  the  upper  puir  is  iihvays  shorter  tliun 
the  rather  obtuse  lower  pair. 

AnUomera  is,  among  all  the  Tipiilidw  iiie  only  genus  whicii 
has  three  posterior  eells  (and  this  venation  is  still  more  reduced 
in  the  genus  Cladolipet<  Loew,  wiiich  has  only  oiu;  snl)niiirgiiiiil 
cell).  Nevertheless,  the  relationship  of  ^Inifontcra  to  J'Jriunrft 
(with  its  four  or  five  posterior  eells)  cannot  he  called  in  dmilit. 
The  anomalous  structure  of  the  antenna?,  the  great  length  wliidi 
they  frequently  attain  in  the  male,  the  structure  of  the  head  ami 
of  the  feet  prove  this  relationship. 

Hitherto  I  have  discovered  only  one  North  American  species 
0?  Aiiifoiiiera ;  it  is  distinguished  1»y  the  eonsideralile  IciiLrth 
of  its  antenna).  ^Ir.  Loew  enumerates  nine  Eurojiean  spcciiH. 
One  of  them,  A.  fuxcipr/inis,  has  been  proposed,  by  Mr.  Curtis 
{Brit.  EiUom.  539;  183(i),  for  the  type  of  a  separate  gems, 
Ferotieccra  (from  «f|)6Mj,  a  button,  and  xf'puj,  horn,  in  aMusion  to 
the  rudimental  joint  at  the  tip  of  the  antennte).  This  genus,  also 
adopted  by  Loew,  is  based  solely  upon  the  number  of  antciniiil 
joints,  which  is  ^e.vcn  in  the  male  and  nine  in  the  female  (this  is 
Mr.  Loew's  statement;  Mr.  Curtis  says  ^cvc.n.  {%)  and  ciL-'lit 
joints  (  9  ))■  The  antcnntB  are  short  in  both  sexes,  and  not  niucji 
longer  in  the  male  than  in  the  female.  According  to  Mr.  Loew. 
Peronecera  is  closely  related  to  those  Anis-omersp  with  short  mule 
antenuio,  which  have  a  rudimental  seventh  joint.  Such  species 
have  but  a  limited  power  of  Hying,  as  they  seem  to  jump  rather 
than  to  (ly  (Loow,  1.  c.  p.  414).  Mr.  Ijoew  mentions  but  a  siiii;le 
species  of  Pernnecera ;  ^L*.  Curtis,  besides  this  same  species, 
describes  another  one,  P.  htcidijx'nnis,  n.  sp. 

The  sj)eeies  of  Aniaomcra  occur  along  the  banks  of  streams; 
the  larvte  (according  to  Van  IU)sc"  (  Tcr^.  Wiirt.  Dipt.  p.  •2i'd) 
live  in  tlu;  sand  of  these  banks  (or  perhaps  in  the  vegetable  de- 
tritus found  there  ?). 

The  first  species  belonging  to  this  genus  was  described  hy 
Latreille,  in  iHv^  {Genera  Crust,  d  //^s•.  IV,  p.  2(30),  under  the 
generic  name  of  Ilc.raloma. 

iSIeigen,  in  1818,  rather  arbitrarily  changed  the  name  of  //era- 
to)vn  ill  Nematorera,  on  the  ground  that  he  had  been  compelled 
to  alter  the  name  of  his  own  genus  Hcptntoma  (Tabanida')  in 
Mvxatoma  (Meig.  Vol.  I,  p.  20!t)-     At  the  same  time  he  adonted 


.u.^-'^ 


ANISOMKRA. 


243 


tlio  sronus  Anuomera,  of  which  he  liad  rocoived  a  drawing  and 
iloseriptioii ;  the  latter  by  Wiedeiuiuin. 

Ill  IS.'jO  ^leigea  (Vol.  VI,  p.  2'.)1)  recognized  the  identity  of 
Kcinaloir7-a  and  Auisomcra,  and  dropjied  the  former  name. 

Curti.s  (Brit.  Enlotn.  589),  in  18;](5,  introduced  the  genus Pero- 
7u:cera,  already  mentioned  above. 

A  detailed  account  of  all  the  European  species  and  the  history 
of  each,  has  been  given  by  ]Mr.  Loew  in  his  often  <iuoted  article. 
Tiie  coloring  of  the  European  sjiccies  seems  to  bo  rather  uniform: 
bliiclvish-gray,  with  darker  stripes  on  the  tiiora.x  ;  the  only  known 
American  species  agrees  in  this  respect  with  thcni. 

The  iiaiiie  Anisoincra  is  derived  from  awaoj,  unequal,  and  ^£'fJ0J> 
part,  in  allusion  to  the  structure  of  the  antennaj. 

Dcscri^itinti  of  the  .tperifs, 

I.  A.  megacera  O.  S.  %  ami  9  • — Obscure  cinerea,  nigrescens  ; 
tlinrace  vittis  trilius  obscuris  ;  cintemia'  luaiis  corpore  toto  loniriorcs  ; 
ffii'iii.T  tliorace  lirevioros  ;  vfiiula  trausversa  inarginalis  peduiiculo 
ct'llulaf  subinarginalis  priniap  inserta. 

Dark  gray,  l)lackish  ;  thorax  with  threw  dark  stripes  ;  aiitennnE'  of  thn  male 
l(iii(;er  than  tlie  whole  body  ;  tliose  of  the  ft'  ilo  shorter  than  tlie  thorax  ; 
inaruinid  cross-vein  inserted  on  the  petiole  of  tlie  first  subiiiarginal  cell. 
Long.  Corp.  (1.27—0.3. 

Syn.   Aiiisomcra  m(>(j(irrra  O.  Sackev,  Proc.  Ac  Nat.  So.  Phil.  18r)9,  p.  242. 

Head  dark  gray,  almost  blackish  in  the  middle;  palpi  and  an- 
toiiine  black;  the  latter,  in  the  male,  nearly  once  and  a  half  tin; 
Iciijrth  of  the  l)ody,  linely  puljcscent ;  basal  joints  .short;  flagellum 
lilifKrai ;  first  joint  very  long  (if  bent  backwards,  it  would  reach 
the  basis  of  the  abdomen);  the  second  and  third  also  eUiiigated, 
although  soniewiiat  shorter  than  the  first;  the  remaining  [(ortioii 
of  the  aiiteniiie  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  third  joint  of  the 
fliiiri'lliim.  The  autciin*  of  th«<  female  are  short  (l)eiit  back- 
wards, they  would  hardly  reach  the  root  of  the  wings) ;  the  third 
joint  is  the  longest;  the  sixth  is  very  short,  almost  rudiniental. 
Thorax  dark  gray,  with  a  y<li<)wish  reflection ;  a  In'ownish, 
cuii('ifi)r: '  iiitcrmeiliate  strijie,  with  a  faint  pah'  longitudinal  line 
in  the  middle;  the  two  lateral  stripes  are  much  al)l)rt\  iated  in 
fi'oiit,  and  extended  beyond  the  suture  behind  ;  a  sofi,  shoi't, 
lianlly  pcrceptil)lc  yellowish  puliescence  between  the  -tripes; 
haltores  more  or  less  dusky  ;   feet  brownish,  femora  somewhat 


'!':*f5''?fffsl 


■   km 


■■..'■1;* 


244 


BTPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  TV. 


darker  at  tlic  tij).  Abdomen  blackish  ;  male  f'/i'ceps  likewise. 
Wings  with  a  slight  grayish  tinge  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is 
inserted  a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  petiole  of  the  first  suh- 
marginal  cell. 

Hab.    Washington,  D.  C. ;  INIaryland  ;  early  in  the  spring,  near 


running  water. 


I  have  had  six  males  aud  three  females. 


4H 


Gen.  XXXII.    CLADOLIPES.' 

A  s{n(]Ie  aulimnrf/iiiril  cell ;  three  posterior  cells  ;  no  discal  cell ;  subcostal 
cross-vein  near  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein.  Tibife  with  spurs  at  the 
tip  ;  empodia  distinct ;  ungues  smooth.  Eyes  glabrous  ;  front  convex,  but 
without  projecting  gibbosity.  Antennre  (in  the  female)  8-jointed.  Ovi- 
positor very  long,  narrow,  pointed,  somewhat  arcuated  towards  the  tip. 

This  genus  (which  I  have  not  seen)  has  been  established  l)y 
Mr.  Loew,  in  18(15  (in  the  article  quoted  above  on  page  240,  in 
the  foot-note),  upon  the  female  of  a  species  from  Greece.  It 
differs  from  ub)if<ome7-a  in  the  absence  of  the  fork  of  the  second 
vein,  and,  conse(picntly,  the  presence  of  only  one  submarginal 
cell.  The  antenna)  of  the  female  resemble  those  of  Animmera 
in  being  without  verticillate  hairs.  Although,  in  an  artificial 
arrangement,  Cladolipes  would  have  to  be  placed  among  tlie 
Tipuiidse  with  a  single  submarginal  cell,  it  is  evidently  rented 
to  Atu'somera. 

Cladolipes  simplex  Loew,  the  species  alluded  to,  is  of  the 
size  of  an  ordinary  Anisomera  and  altogether  blackish,  iucludiug 
the  wings. 


j. 


Gen.  XXXIII.    ERIOCERA. 

Two  submarginal  cells  ;  four,  sometimes  five  posterior  cells  ;  a  discal 
cell ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  a  short  distance  back  of  the  tip  of  the  aux- 
iliary vein  ;  the  first  submarginal  cell  shorter  than  the  second.  Tibiri' 
with  .^pur=i  at  the  tip ;  empodia  distinct.  Front  with  a  more  or  less  strik- 
ing gibbosity  behind  the  antenna" ;  antennae  fi-jointed  in  the  male,  sonie- 
times  enormously  prolonged,  sometimes  not  much  longer  than  those  of  the 
female ;  antennre  of  tlie  female  ten-jointed,  comparatively  short.  Male 
forceps  with  a  pair  of  elongated,  subcylindrical  basal  pieces,  each  bearing 
two  appendages,  one  of  which  is  claw-shaped,  horny ;  the  other  coriace- 
ous, blunt  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  2D,  forceps  of  E.  spiitosa;  fig.  28,  that  of  E. 
j'uUginosa). 


'  From  xAaJg;,  a  branch,  and  AitVa),  I  omit. 


ERIOCERA. 


245 


TTcad  rather  larcro  ;  front  broad,  with  a  more  or  less  conspicnoiiH;, 
often  hituberculate  gil)bosity  bchiiu)  the  basis  of  the  aiiteinui' ; 
eiiistonia  short,  transverse,  often  concealed  under  the  basal  joints 
of  the  antennae;  lips  of  the  i)roboscis  large,  projecting;  the  palpi 
rather  long,  often  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  two  first  joints  are 
(U'lierally  prolonged,  and  the  fourth  is  still  longer  ;  the  third  being 
usuiilly  the  shortest ;  however,  these  proportions  vary  somewhat 
ill  (lillcrent  species.     E.  XL'ihonii  has  comparatively  short  palpi ; 
the  fir>t  two  joints  secini  to  be  prolonged,  but  the  fourth  is  short. 
Kvos  ghi'i'ous,  remote  al)ove  and  below.     The  antenme  of  the 
iimle  arc  u.   two  kinds  :  either  very  long,  and  much  longer  than 
in  the  female ;  or  short,  and  not  perceptibly  longer  than  in  the 
fciiiale.     The  long  ones  again,  vary  in  their  length,  the  nature  of 
tlieir  pubescence,  and  their  structure;  those  of  ii".  si>i)UK<a  and  J'L 
hncjicornis  are  the  longest,  being  more  than  twice  the  length  of 
the  body  ;  they  are  similar  in  structure;  the  scapus  consists  (jf  a 
subcylindrical,  ratl-^r  stout  basal  joint,  and  a  very  short,  annuli- 
fonn  second  joint;  the  flagollnm  is  filiform,  gradually  attenuated 
tuwards  the  end  ;  the  first  joint  is  al)i)nt  as  long  as  the  thorax  ; 
the  second  is  a  little  longer  than  the  lirst ;  the  third  is  about  eipial 
to  the  second  and  third  taken  together,  and  the  fourth  is  still 
longer  than  the  third ;  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  l)es('t  on 
their  under  side,  at  rather  regular  intervals,  with  strong,  spine- 
like bristles,  which  gradually  become  softer  and  more  hair-like 
towards  the  end  of  the  antenna;  the  upper  side  of  the  flagellum 
is  glal)rous.     The  antennae  of  E.  tcilsomi  arc  about  once  and  a 
half  llic  length  of  lli     b<Mly  ;  the  first  joint  of  the  flagellum  is  a 
little  longer  than  the  second  ;  the  whole  flagellum  on  both  sides 
is  evenly  and  delicately  pubescent,  the  pul)escence  being  inter- 
iiiixed,  towards   the  end  of  the   antenna,  with   some   scalicri'd 
lunger  hairs.     Tlie  male  anteiune  of  the  short  kind,  if  bent  back- 
wards, would  not  reach  beyond  the  roots  of  the  wings  (this  is  the 
case  with  E.  fuliijinom)  ;   they  are  rather  coarsely  hairy,   luit 
without  verticil?;  the  scapus  has  the  ordinary  structure  ;  the  first 
joint  of  the  flagellum   is  the  longest,     Tlie  anteiuiic  of  all  the 
feiiiale  Eriocc.rH'  ar**   very  mueh  like  those  of  the  latter  kind  of 
males,  and  not  pertn-jrtibly  shorter;  a  subcylindrical  basal  joint  ;  a 
.short  second  one  ;   tUe  third  joint  (lirst  j<»iiit  of  the  fhigelhiin)  is 
tlie  k*i|test.     In  (ky  specimens  four  joints  of  the  flagelhiin  can  be 
more  (»f  ik.ss  distintrtly  counted  ;  beyond  this,  tlie  female  iuitrnna 


II; 


240 


DlPTKllA  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


[PAUT  IV, 


is  usually  wrinkled  uiid  sliriiiikcn  ;  Inil  in  fresh  wpeciim-iis  I  Imvc 
cuiiiited  (ill  J'J.  luiKjicortiiH  Wiilk.)  eight  joints  of  the  fhigcHiiiu, 
wliieli  would  make  the  female  antenna  ten-jointed. 

The  liead  is,  as  in  Aiiifioniera,  elosely  apjilicd  to  the  collare 
whieli  is  narrow.  The  tiioraeie  suture  is  well  marked.  The  icct 
are  long  and  usually  ratiier  stout;  E.  loiKjkornis  has  a  rcnuirk- 
ahle  cliaraetcr  in  tlie  great  shortness  of  the  two  anterior  paii.-  dl' 
femora,  wliieh  are  not  niueh  over  half  the  length  of  the  posteiiur 
ones;  this  eharaeter  is  mueh  less  striking  in  the  other  species;  it 
is  to  be  remarked,  however,  that  the  two  anterior  pairs  of  femora 
seem  to  he  rather  inconstant  in  their  length,  in  E.  longiconiis,  as 
Avell  as  in  E.  ,sj>//io.sa.  In  E.  tipinosu  and  E.  loiKjivorniti  the  last 
joint  of  the  tarsi  of  the  male  is  excised  at  its  basis  on  the  uiidcr 
side,  and  also  hollowed  out  and  hairy  in  the  middle  of  its  under 
side ;  this  character  is  not  perceptihie  in  E.  tciltiouii.  Sonic  of 
the  species  (for  instance  E.  nirinofa)  have  a  small  projecliiiijf 
tooth  at  the  extreme  hasis  of  the  ungues,  on  the  under  side;  liut 
it  is  diffirult  to  perceive  among  the  hairs  which  clothe  the  tarsi. 

The  vfiiation  of  the  wings  is  exactly  like  that  of  some  Liinnu- 
2)hilae.  The  auxiliary  vein,  the  tip  of  which  is  more  or  less  ojipo- 
site  tbe  inner  end  of  the  second  submarginal  cell,  has  the  suheostal 
cross-vein  a  short  distance  hack  from  its  tip.  The  marginal  cniss- 
vein  iiis  a  short  distance  anterior  to  the  tip  of  the  first  longitiidiiuil 
vein  ;  its  relative  jiosition  to  the  inner  end  of  the  first  suhniar- 
giiiiil  cell  dei)ends  on  the  length  of  the  latter;  sometimes  tk 
cross-vein  is  inserted  at  this  very  inner  end,  sometimes  heyoiul 
this  i)oiu":.  Prcefurca  long,  straight,  arcuated  at  its  hasis  uiily. 
The  inner  end  of  the  first  submarginal  cell,  in  all  the  species 
which  I  liave  Ijefore  me,  is  pointed,  its  petiole  is  either  a  littli 
shorter  than  the  great  cross-vein,  or  mueh  longer;  the  second 
submarginal  cell  likewise  varies  in  length,  its  inner  end  (which 
Is  also  pointed)  projects  more  or  less  inside  of  tlie  small  cross- 
vein  towards  the  l)asis  of  the  wing.  It  follows  from  this  that  the 
first  posterior  cell  is,  in  most  cases,  sliorter  than  the  second  sub- 
marginal  ;  in  some  cases 


ley 


subeqi 


('111 


more  or  less  square ;  the  section  of  the  fiftli  longitudinal  v 
lying  beyond  the  great  cross-vein  is  generally,  but  not  always,  at 
an  angle  with  the  anterior  portion  of  the  vein  ;  the  sixth  and 
seventh  veins  are  straight.     Three  North  American  species  have 


■:?!■■    :! 


♦  ; 


ERIOCERA. 


247 


four  posterior  cells  {E.  lonrjicornis,  vnhonii,  and  fuUfjinosa)  ; 
out'  species  has  five  {E.  fpitiosa) 

The  forceps  of  the  male  is  nut  unlike  that  of  the  typical  Lim- 
mphitfr,  that  is,  it  consists  of  two  elongated,  subcylindrical  Initial 
pieces  with  a  horny  unguifonn  and  an  obtuse,  apparently  eori- 
aceons  appendage,  attached  to  each  (compare,  for  the  details, 
the  description  of  the  figures,  Tab.  IV,  figs.  i>8  and  2tl).  The 
ovipositor  of  the  female  consists  of  two  elongated,  pointed, 
rather  narrow,  nearly  straight  or  gently  curved  upper  valves,  and 
a  pair  of  lower  ones,  which  are  shorter.  But  the  female  of  E. 
hytiijicornifi  (provided  what  I  have  before  me  is  really  the  fenuUo 
of  this  species)  has  the  ovipositor  of  an  ee.tirely  difl'erent  struc- 
ture, and  exactly  similar  to  that  of  Anisome7'a.  It  is  short, 
l)lunt,  and  somewhat  directed  upwards  (at  least  in  dry  speci- 
mens) ;  its  upper  valves  arc  shorter  than  the  lower  ones.  1  have 
not  seen  the  female  of  E.  loihomi. 

The  relationship  between  Eriocera  and  Aniftomern  appears:  in 
the  abnormal  structure  of  the  antennae,  their  frecpient  e.vtraordi- 
iiary  length  in  the  male,  and  aberrant  structure  in  the  female  ;  the 
peculiar  shape  of  the  collare ;  the  very  unusual  structure  of  the 
ovipositor  of  the  latter  genus,  which  structure  occasionally  re- 
appears in  Eriocera. 

Kvery  one  of  the  four  North  American  Erio^jric  at  present 
known  shows  peculiarities  of  structure  which,  in  some  of  the  other 
sections  of  the  Tijndulac,  would  have  been  suflicient  for  a  generic 
separation ;  here,  these  same  characters  do  not  seem  to  have  any 
other  but  a  specific  value.  In  order  to  compare  the  i»rincipal  of 
these  characters,  we  may  tabulate  them  as  follows : — 

A.  Antennre  of  the  male  very  long  and  much  longer  than  those  of  the 

female. 

1.  Antenna)  of  the  male  glabrous  on  the  upper  side,  and  with  a  .series 

of  bristles,  inserted  at  regular  intervals  on  the  under  side 
(ARRHENICA  O.  S.,  o!im). 

a.  Five  posterior  cells E.  spinosa. 

b.  Four  posterior  cells E.  lougicornis. 

2.  AntennpB  of  the  male  finely  pubescent  on  both 

sides. 
a.  Four  posterior  cells E.  VT-ilsonii. 

B.  Antenna  short  in  both  sexes. 

a.  Four  posterior  cells E.  fullginosa. 


*  M 


it 


i 


--m: 


1 

X 

I 


I  '  1 


lit    i*'         k    i 


,li 


•  f  f 


■'^h 


n 


«.iK 


i 


'h 


4' 
I' 


24S 


I>I1'TKUA  OF  NOUTII  AMKRICA 


[I'AliT  IV. 


'Vhv.  two  spcfios  oftlio  first  "jroui)  (A*.  K])iii(>ti(i  iintl  h^iKjicomin) 
arc  most  closely  nlli('<l,  wliicli  is  proved  by  tlte  aiialoii'ous  slnic- 
ture  of  their  iiiiteiiiiio,  and  tli<!  resenil)]ance  of  tlie  coloriu";  iind 
of  the  whoh)  beariiij!^  of  tlie  insects.  Nevertheless,  one  has  lour 
and  tiie  other  five  posterior  cells,  whieli  shows  the  secondary  iiii- 
jjortance  of  tiiis  character  in  the  present  group.  The  two  other 
species  liave  four  posterior  cells. 

No  true  Eriovcra  has  l)eea  discovered  in  T^nropc  yet  (the 
closely  allied  genus  PenlhopUira,  however,  occurs  ])oth  in  J']uni|iL' 
and  iu  North  America).  15ut  in  the  warmer  latitudes  of  AAw, 
Africa,  and  America,  Eriocci-a  sei-ms  to  ))e  one  of  the  most 
abundantly  represented  genera  of  Tipulidiv  hreripuljn.  I  was 
struck  with  this  in  looking  over  the  i)rincii)al  collections  in 
Kuroj)*';  some  of  the  species,  Jiowever,  may  be  more  related  to 
Pctilhofitcra.  The  following  historical  account  of  the  grmis 
EriiH'cra  contains  the  list  of  species  described  by  former  authors, 
as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain  their  relationsliip. 

Wiedemann's  Linuiohia  baxilaris,  acro!<lavla,  and  i)rol)ul)]y 
mempijrrha,  all  from  Java;  Ij.  caminaria,  crytlu^ovephala,  ami 
nigra,  from  Brazil,  arc  Eriocerne. 

The  genus  Eriovcra  (from  tptov,  wool,  and  xipaj,  horn)  was  first 
introduced  1)y  ^Vhuvjuart  in  the  Dipteri's  E.roiiqui's,  etc.  A'ol.  1, 
p.  74,  Talj.  X,  fig.  2.  This  author  was  struck  by  the  abnui'iiial 
miud)(!r  of  antennal  joints  of  Limnabia  ni{ira  AVied.,  and  foiiiidcil 
the  geuu.s  principally  upon  this  character;  but  that  lie  did  not 
realize  the  true  character  of  the  genus  he  was  establisliinu', 
results  from  the  fact,  that  iu  the  same  volume  (1.  e.  p.  07)  he  de- 
scribes Eriocera  crytlirocephala  Wied.  and  Eriocera  acrnKlncId 
Wied.  as  CyUndrotonux,  upon  the  ground  of  the  cylindrical 
shape  of  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  ;  tiie  abnormal  iiundicr  of 
antennal  joints  he  explains  away  in  both  cases  l»y  the  supposition 
that  the  ends  were  broken  off.  Moreover,  lie  had  another  F.rin- 
vcra,  likewise  with  four  posterior  cells  {E.  hituhercnlala,  i'roiii 
JJrazil),  but  the  antenme  of  the  specimen  were  entirely  broken 
ofi";  this  species  he  placed,  on  account  of  its  four  posterior  cills, 
in  the  genus  Limnobia  (1.  e.  p.  72).  He  liad  done  the  same  in 
his  earlier  work,  with  liis  Limnobia  diana,  from  Bengal  (///W. 
Na/ii?:  Dipt.  I,  p.  107),  which  is  likewise  an  Eriocera,  with  I'onr 
posterior  cells.  His  Limnofihiln  bicolor,  from  Bengal,  J>ijif.  /■.."'/• 
Vol.    1  (antenna;  also  broken),  is  apparently  an  Eriocera,  put 


;PV- 


1«  i 


*    '    ? 


iliVn 


EHIOCERA. 


249 


nmoii;;  tlio  Limno/iJu'Iiv.  on  accoiiiit  of  its  five  posterior  colls ; 
wlictlitT  Ills  Liiitiii}hia  sKiH(ilr<:n>iiti  {Dipt.  Kjot.  Sujijd.  4o)  like- 
wise l)('l(iii<;s  Iktc  is  loss  corlaiii ;  it  lias  ibur  jjo.storior  cells. 

Ill  iii((  siiiiic  your  with  Aliic(^uiirl's  Eriocera,  tlio  }?einis  J'Ji-aiii- 
oiiltra  (A'.  J'lisciala  (iiior.,  IVoiu  IJrazil)  was  published  Ity  Mr. 
(Jiicrin  (  Vtiiidijc,  lU;  la  (Joijiiillc,  Zuolofjic,  Toxte  IJ,  2,  j).  2cS7  ; 
Till).  XX,  liL,^  2,  liisectes).  The  vjliime  of  the  lctter-i)ross,  as 
n|»itoars  from  tius  date  of  Mr.  (iuoriii's  pr(;face,  was  issued  in 
ls;}S;  the  volume  of  tli(!  i)lates,  however,  must  have  appeared 
imuli  earlier.  On  the  i)late  the  new  genus  was  named  Coloi'lcra, 
hut  iis  this  name  had  Ix'oii  used  hy  another  author  in  the  interval 
wliich  elapsed  before  the  pul)lication  of  the  text,  Mr.  (Jni'riu 
cliaiiirod  it  in  I'jvanioplera.  In  the  mean  time  Mr.  Wostwood, 
whi)  had  soon  the  plate  rei)rosonling  Caloplera,  identilied  with  it 
a  spocios  from  Xo|)aul,  which  he  described  (Ann.  Hoc.  IJiiloin.  <Ie 
Fr.  is,).'),  p.  (iSl)  as  (laloide.ra  vcpalcnsis.^  E cairioplera  is  an 
Eriiiicra  with  four  posterior  cells. 

riiTocoHmua,  a  j^enus  introduced  by  Mr.  Walker  {LM,  etc.  I, 
p.  TS),  in  184S,  is  based  ui)on  some  Asiatic  J'Jrioccrw,  mostly  of 
(lark  eoloriiif!;,  with  dark  and  banded  win^s.  Seven  si»ecies  fmni 
the  Sunda  Islands,  China,  and  Xopaul  have  been  described  by 
Mr.  Walker,  in  the  above-cjuoted  work,  and  in  the  Joiirn.  J'roc. 
Lin.  Sue.  Zool.  I,  ]).  105,  1«.57. 

Oliijonicra  Doleschall,  published  in  1857  (Ticecde  Bi(]ra(j<',  etc. 
p.  11,  Tab.  Yll,  lijjf  o),  is  likewise  a  jjenus  based  upon  a  speeios 
of  Eriovera  (0.  javen.^is),  from  Java.  It  has  four  posterior 
colls,  and  the  antennae  of  the  nude  are  short,  eight-jointed  ;  the 
joints  (if  the  flagellum  are  said  to  be  of  nearly  etpial  length. 

Liiiniohin  olboiiolala  Lim  \v,  from  Mozand)i(pie,  described  in  the 
work  (in  Mr.  I'otors'  voyage  to  that  country,  is  an  Eriovvru. 

I'hij.^evram'a  IJigot  {^Inn.  Sor.  Enloiii.  de  France,  185!),  p. 
\io,  Tab.  Ill,  lig.  1),  is  an  Eriocera  with  short  antenna!  in  the 
iiiulo  and  five  posterior  cells.  It  shows  some  peculiarities  which 
may  perhaps  justify  a  generic  separation,  but  it  has  nothing  in 
coiuiiidu  with  ('i/lindrolonm,  the  author's  statement  not  with- 
standing.     The  species  1\  ohavura  JJigot,  is  from  Madagascar. 


'  It  was  a  iiiistak(«  on  my  part  when  I  stated  in  tlie  Pmr.  Acrid.  Xia. 
Sri.  Plulail.  IS,'):),  ]).  L14lJ,  that  Evanioptem  probal)!/  belongs  to  the  same 
seetidn  with  Amnlujiis, 


250 


DirXEHA  OF  NORTH  AMKIUCA. 


[I'AUT  ]V. 


ri*.,; 


1;"' 


■ij^;ii-  >,! 


Jij  1859  {Froc.  Arad.  Nat.  HcL  Philad.  1«5!),  p.  24:1)  1  dc- 
scribt'd  tlio  North  Anicrieaii  Eriorera  J'uliyinotia,  wliidi  Ims 
short  aiiloiinti;  in  )>oth  scxos.  At  the  siiiue  time  1  fouiuicd  ilio 
gt'iHis  Arr/icniva  for  two  otiior  si»L'cit'S,  MJ.  apinoHa  and  A\  laiKji. 
c()rnii<,  both  (lif*tiii<^uishe(l  by  tlie  ciionnous  lentrth  of  the  aiitinnio 
of  tiic  iiialc,  and  i>y  the  structure  of  these'  antennie,  tlie  umU'V 
side  of  wiiieh  is  beset  witii  a  row  of  oreet,  spine-lilie  brisilcs. 
Tiie  oidy  species  of  Eriovera  I  had  seen  at  that  time;  was  E. 
fuliijinom.,  wliich,  on  account  of  its  sliort  male  antenna',  1  \\. 
co}j;iiize(l  as  tlie  true  En'otrra  Maecj.  Since  tiien,  a  luori!  ex- 
tensive liiiowledge  of  the  species  of  tiiis  jiTdup  convinced  nic  of 
the  fact  tlnit  Arr/icnica  stands  in  the  same  relation  to  the  Erift- 
cerse  with  short  mule  antenna;,  as  the  Animmerse  and  Pi'tithnii- 
terfe  with  lonj?  male  antenntc  stand  to  the  species  of  these  gcmiu 
with  short  antenna?.  If  a  larger  number  of  species,  distinguishid 
by  the  same  characters  as  the  two  above-mentioned  ones,  is  dis- 
covered, the  nanu;  Arrhenica  may  be  used  for  them  as  a  siil)- 
generic  name  ;  but  there  is  no  necessity  to  maintain  it  at  present 
as  a  separate  genus. 

In  18(53  {Wiener  Enfom.  Moncd^chr.  YII,  p.  220,  and  aftir- 
wanls  in  the  Fauna  Austr.  Dijdcra,  Vol.  II,  p.  534),  Dr.  Sehiiur 
proposed  the  genus  PcntJiojitcra,  based  upon  a  peculiar  form  of 
Eriocera,  represented  l»y  two  species  in  Europe,  to  which  I  liavu 
since  added  one  from  the  United  States. 

The  foregoing  historical  account  shows  how  abundant  in 
species  the  genus  Eriocera  is,  and  how  little  is  known  aliont 
them.  Eriocerse  from  all  parts  of  the  world  have  been  desciilxd 
at  dilferent  times  and  under  diflerent  generic  names,  without  any 
apparent  recognition  of  the  fact  that  they  all  belong  to  a  Inriio 
group,  numerously  represented  in  the  warmer  latitudes.  It  is 
probable  that,  u|)on  closer  comparison  of  the  species  scattered 
in  different  collections  in  Europe,  the  genus  Eriocera,  as  deliiicd 
here,  will  be  subdivided  in  smaller  groui)s,  and  that  some  of  the 
genera,  alluded  to  above  as  belonging  to  Eriocera,  will  be  funnd 
to  coincide  with  these  groups. 

These  exotic  si)ocies  are  distinguished  for  the  most  i)iirt  hv 
their  brilliant  coloring;  that  of  their  wings  especially  distinguish 
them  from  the  North  American  and  the  European  species;  they 
are  often  dark,  with  bands  and  spots  of  a  lighter  color.  The 
Asiatic  sitecies  are  often  of  a  deep  velvet  black,  with  brown 
wings,  banded  and  spotted  with  white. 


Ttn-:  .■' ■ -il 


EKIOCKKA. 


->.')  1 


It  scorns  that  Eriocera'  with  Jivo,  posterior  cells  are  mure 
al)iiiidiiiit  ill  Asia,  wlicrciiis  tlioso  with  four  jirevail  in  Snnih 
Aiiiirica.  Tlic  three  Asiatic  species,  described  in  Wiedeuiaiin: 
hatiiUu'i)^,  acvuntncta,  and  VH'sopijrrha,  and  Macqnart's  Itirolar 
(it"  tile  two  latter  arc  Eriorcrir)  have  live  ))osterior  cells  ;  P/ii/sc- 
crania  IJifi'ot,  from  Africa,  likewise.  Nevertheless,  /jiiunnhia 
(liana  Macc].,  from  IJenjral,  ('aldjitrra  iir])alrnfiis  Westw.,'  from 
>'('|»iiul,  and  Linuiohia  KKDuiln'usi,^  !Mncq.,  from  Snmatra,  have 
four  i)(isterit>r  cells.  The  nnmerons  Erioirrir  from  South  Ame- 
rica which  I  have  seen  in  the  IJerlin  Mnseuin,  as  well  as  the 
ab(ive-(iuoted  South  American  species,  doscrihed  by  Wiedenmnn, 
MiuMiuurt,  and  Guerin,  all  have  four  posterior  cells.  That  this 
law  should  he  general,  I  doul)t  very  much,  hut  it  is  remarkable 
enuuii'li  that  it  .should  be  so  i)revalent,  and  that  among  a  con- 
siderable number  of  Ro\ith  American  species  there  should  not  be 
a  single  one  with  five  posterior  cells,  while  in  Xorth  America, 
among  four  species  which  arc  known,  one  has  that  number  of 
cells. 

Another,  not  less  remarkable  circumstance  is,  that  among  this 
large  number  of  specimens,  described  in  works  or  seen  by  me  in 
Cdllectioiis,  I  did  not  find  a  single  one  provided  with  very  long 
antenna!  in  the  male  sex,  such  as  distinguish  tliree  Xorth  Ame- 
rican species  of  Erioccra  and  owq  Penlhoplcra.  Many  specii's, 
it  must  be  admitted,  were  represented  by  females  oidy  ;  the  an- 
teiMue  of  several  others  were  bntken  ;  but  among  the  twenty-four 
sjiecies  of  the  IJerlin  Museum,  eleven  were  rei)resentcd  by  males 
with  well-preserved  anleiuuTO,  and  all  these  antenna^  were  short. 

Among  the  Diptera  included  in  andier,  which  I  hav(>  hud  nii 
opportanity  to  e.xannne  in  ]Mr.  Tjocw's  collection,  there  is  the 
irenus  Allarilhmia,  with  a  single  species,  A.  pnjpala  (I.oew, 
llrruMcia  u.  ]>n'iiHk'vifauna,  ls.")0,  p.  oS),  which  is  a  female 
KriiHrra  with  four  posterior  cells,  ten-jointed  antenna',  and  an 
elongated  last  joint  of  the  jialpi.  There  were,  morei)ver,  two 
species  of  Erioccrn  represented  by  males  with  long  antenna'. 
One  of  them  has  been  mentioned  in  the  above-ipioted  j)aper  of 

'  WcstwoeiVs  Ciihijitcrn  iirpaJcnsix  has  only  four  jiostciior  cells,  if  tliis 
autlior  is  right  in  iiuotinir  fxiu'rin's  fii;uri'  of  thu  South  .Vnierican  /■'riini,!/!- 
1(111.  I'll iitro^iiiiis  Walker,  with  seveial  .\siati(!  species,  lias  also  four  ci-lls, 
if  I  ilc(Mi)liHr  riL'ht  tlio  dfscM'iptioii  of  tliH  wing  in  List,  etc.  I,  p.  TS  ;  hut  I 
uiiiy  easily  have  heen  mistaken  in  my  iuterpietation. 


w 


.■.■<•■>.:  " 


■K- 


*:    . 


^^1?.', 


if;,N 


];■  i 


li'  j'l 


i. 


i| 


5~;  ,:   Jf 


Sri  !i' v    :•  :  ■:(  i  i-  il^t 


-.1' 


'  t.;r  f  -  ■. ' 


'2')1 


DIl'TKU.V  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


[I'AKT  IV. 


Air.  liiicw  under  tlio  niiiiio  iii'  AiiixdiiK'ru  Kiiccini ;  tlio  ollnr  uns 
at  till'  lime  uiide.st'ribcd.  Tims  wliilu  nii  one  .side  we  liini'  Inur 
Nmlli  Aiii(.'ri('tiii  .spucics,  three  of  wliieli  witli  loiif>'  luileiiine.  and 
tliree  iiiiilter  species,  two  of  wliicli  Willi  loiij"'  aiiteiuiie  ;  on  llic 
other  side  we  see  do/eii.s  of  c.volie  Krioi-crw,  uiid,  us  fur  u>  kiniun, 
//ot  11  siiiji'lo  OIK!  with  loii^  uiiteiiiia'  uuioii^'  I  hem.  A  new  imidl' 
of  the  reiiiurkttblo  rolutioiiship  of  tliu  North  Aimricaii  ami  the 
umber  fauna  I 


Tdhhi  for  itctermliilnf/  the  sjiiciis. 


,  ( l-'iv'i*  i)(wt«rior  cellrt. 

l  l''<)ui'  i)(isti)ilor  chIIs. 
o  .(  Hiidy  lijiht  reiMit-li. 

(  Hoiiy  fhirk  gray  or  brown. 
„  (  llaltert'S  pale. 

(  llaltores  brown. 


1  spinosa  >).  \ 

■) 

3  wilsonii,  n.  sp. 

J 

2  longicornis  ll'/. 

4  fuligiuosa  II.  .>'. 


Description  of  the  species, 

A,  Antennre  of  the  male  very  long  and  much  longer  than  thosf  of  the 
female. 

1.  AuteniisB  of  the  male  glabrous  on  the  upper  side,  ,nnd  with  a  sniies 
of  bristles  inserted  at  rejjular  intervals,  on  the  uiuhi'  side 
(subgenus  ARRHENICA). 

1.  E.  spinosa  O.  S.  ^  and  9. — Fuscescens,  thoracis  vittis  t'lir^cis; 
aiiti'iiiiis  maris  corpore  dupio  longioribus,  in  pagina  infeiinri  seiie 
spill  uum  parvarum  ;  halteres  capilulo  obseuro  ;  cellulis  postHiinriliiis 
quin<iue  ;  ovipositor  feiuinu)  valvis  suporioribus  longis,  acumiiiiitis. 

Brounisli,  thorax  with  brown  stripes,  antenniB of  the  male  more  tli.iii  twice 
the  length  of  the  body,  on  the  under  sides  with  a  row  of  spines  or  l)ii~ilf< ; 
knob  (if  the  halteres  dark  ;  five  posterior  cells  ;  ovipositor  of  the  tfinali' 
with  elongated,  pointed  upper  valves.    Long.  corp.  ;_, ,  U.4.") — O.G  ;  9  •  ''•''• 

fevx.   Arrhcnica  spinosa  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Mat.  Sc.  Phil.  18iJ!i,  p.  -44. 

MaJt\  Head  very  downy,  browni.sh-gray,  tawny  on  the  uiidtr 
fiide  and  on  the  front  side  of  tlie  tubercle  ;  palpi  dark  lunwii, 
louu:;  iirst,  second,  and  fourth  joiiit.s  cloiifjated  ;  antenn;e  iiinR' 
than  twice  as  long  as  the  body,  black,  two  basal  joints  tiiwiiy: 
if  bent  l)ackwards,  the  tip  of  the  third  joint  would  reach  a  litllc 
beyond  the  root  of  the  wings;  the  fourth  joint  is  longer  than  tlie 
third,  and  each  of  the  following  joints  is  longer  than  the  preeeiliiiir 
one;  the  sixth  is  as  long  or  longer  than  all  the  others  togeilirr. 
Thorax  brownish-gray,  clothed  with  a  soft  grayish  down ;  four 


KlUOr'EllA. 


253 


■  »^A  1} 


.  :1 


lirowiiish  stripes  ftbovo,  the  iiilcniifdiatc  ones  approxiinati'd ; 
iilciini'  with  a  iioury  rcllcction  on  Ihrir  hjwer  part;  haitiTt's  pale 
ttt  the  ba.sis,  knob  blackish  ;  coxiu  hoary,  trociiuntors  anil  l)asi,s 
of  the  fctnora  V'  nowish-tawiiy  •  tViuuru  and  tlbiie  tawny,  with 
l)ro\vn  tips;  tursi  brown.  Al)doiueii  dark  Itrownisl.,  downy; 
lateral  edges,  cspeeially  beyond  tiie  third  .-cginrnt.  yelhnvish, 
venter  jialer ;  forceps  tawny;  its  strnctwrc  like  Tal).  IV,  lig.  !2». 
Wiiiirs  tinged  witli  brownish;  costal  and  subco^lul  cells  of  a 
more  saturated  tawny  color;  stigma  oblong,  brown,  i)laced 
iH'lwicri  the  subcostal  and  stigniatieal  cross-veins  ;  first  sub- 
iiiar<jiind  and  first  posterior  cells  aliont  ('([ual  in  length  ;  the 
^t'CdUtl  sid)nuirginal  is  longer;  five  posterior  cells;  peti(jle  of  tlie 
second  cell  about  as  long  or  a  little  longer  than  the  ctdl  itself. 

Female.  Like  the  nnilc,  but  much  larger ;  body  of  a  reddish- 
brown,  instead  of  a  grayish-brown  tinge,  less  downy;  the  antennae 
are  not  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax  taken  together ;  they 
have  no  spines,  but  only  sparse  hairs;  ten  indistinct  joints  can  bo 
counted;  ovipositor  ferruginous  ;  upper  valves  elongated,  ahnost 
iiiiperce[)tibly  arcuated,  ending  in  a  blunt  jtoint. 

llab.  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.  ;  Massachusetts  (Scndder).  I 
possess  two  males  and  one  female.  H'he  front  fen)ora  of  one  of 
the  mules  arc  much  tihorter  than  those  of  tiio  other. 


3.  E.  loiigicornis  Walk.  %  and  9.— Oliscnre  cinorea,  thoracis 
vittis  oli.scuris  ;  aiitennis  maris  corpora  duple  lonyioribus  ;  in  paginit, 
inffiiori  serie  spinaruin  parvarum ;  liaUcrit)nH  paliidis  ;  cellulis  postcri- 
oribusquatuor;  ovipositor  fetiiiiUf  brevis,  valvis  superioribus  bit^vissiinis, 

obtusis. 

Darlc  irray,  thorax  with  blackish  stripes  ;  antennrp  of  the  male  twice  the 
Iniigth  of  the  body,  on  the  under  side  with  a  row  of  small  f.pine!j ;  lialtt-res 
pale;  four  posterior  l>-11s  ;  ovipositor  short;  upper  valves  short<  r  than 
tilt  lower  ones,  obtuse.     Long.  corp.  0.4 — n.r). 

Syx.  Aiiisumpra  lorK/irornis  Walker,  List  Dipt.  Brit.  Mas.  I,  p.  82. 

Arrhenica  lonijicurnis  0.  Sackex,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  hfc.  Phil.  Ib'i'.),  p.  245. 

Head  gray,  frontal  l)nmp  very  largo,  abrupt;  i)alpi  bhu-k,  aii- 

tennie  lihiek  ;    two  basal  joints  grayish;   antenna)  of  the  male 

three  or  lour  tinif ^  longer  than  the  body;  the  third  joint,  if  bent 

'iiekwards,  would   reach  beyond   the   root  of  the  wing;    every 

t'lllowiiig  joint  is  longer  than  the  preceding:   the  sixth  joint  r.^ 

l"iig  as  the  fourth  and  fifth  together  ;  the  spines  o:»  the  lower 
18 


....    1 


- .  ,'<~i 


'J 


w 


:» 


M 


254 


KII'TEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


f!  r  i 


m- 


i-m 


■■i'h 


|;i' 

m-:^ 


',{.:.  \  \y 


illr 

mm  V 


surface!  of  tlio  aiitciititu  lK,'com(j  short  and  indistinct  towards  jt^ 
Olid  ;  lu'sidt's  tlii^  spini's  there  is  a  nucroHcopic  ptdiesccnoc  on  tin- 
8an>e  side  of  tho  antcnntu  ;  antcnnuj  of  tho  fcinalo  Inirdly  roacliinjr 
beyond  the  root  of  tiic  winjrH;  no  Hpine.s,  but  hairs;  two  liasul 
joints  and  base  of  tho  third  yellowisii ;  tliird  joint  as  long  as  tlui 
two  first  tal<('n  tofrotluu';  tlio  fourtli  less  tlum  Inilf  so  lonjif  as  the 
tliird  ;  tlie  fiftii  a  little  longer  than  the  fourth;  the  following  tlmi' 
joints  are  of  about  the  same  length;  the  ninth  is  a  little  loninr 
and  tho  tenth  a  little  shorter  than  the  preceding  ones.  Tlnuiix 
gray ;  a  long  straight  pubescence  on  tho  sides  in  tho  male,  no 
such  pubescence  in  tho  female  ;  three  blackish  stripes  on  the 
nicsonotnin  ;  intermediate  stripo  cuneiform ;  tho  lateral  ones 
abl)reviated  before  and  extended  beyond  the  suture  behind;  tin' 
lower  porti»tn  of  the  pleura)  hoary;  scutellum  and  nietatlidrax 
gray;  halteros  pale;  coxic  gray,  trochanters  and  femora  tiiwny, 
except  the  tip  of  the  latter,  which  is  brown  ;  til)iic  and  tarsi  tlnrk 
brown.  Abdomen  grnyish-black  ;  forceps  of  tho  same  color  ;  ovi- 
positor of  the  female  very  short ;  its  structure  like  that  of  Aninih 
wcru;  upper  valves  blunt,  tnuch  smaller  than  the  lower  ones. 
Wings  slightly  tinged  with  l)rovvnisli ;  veins,  but  especially  tlio 
piu'furea,  the  central  cross-veins,  and  tho  fifth  longitudinal  vein 
faintly  clouded  with  brown ;  tho  second  subinarginal  cell  a  little 
longer,  the  first  distinctly  shorter  than  the  first  posterior  cfll; 
four  posterior  cells  ;  stigma  brown. 

JJab.  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y. ;  Maine  (Packard)  ;  Illinois  (Ivoiini- 
cott) ;  Massachusetts  (Packard).  Three  males  and  two  femulo?. 
One  of  the  males  has  the  front  and  middle  femora  about  half  so 
long  as  the  hind  ones;  another  specimen,  however  (from  Massa- 
cliiisetts),  has  the  front  femora  at  least  two-thirds  the  leiitrtii  of 
the  hind  ones ;  the  middle  femora  are  a  little  shorter.  Tlio  latter 
specimen,  moreover,  has  a  brownish  abdomen,  with  distinct 
yellowish  lateral  margins,  and  a  dark  tawny  forceps  (it  reseiiililis 
the  abdomen  of  E.  iijn)wsa) ;  tho  thoracic  stripe  is  not  attenuated 
posteriorly ;  tho  frontal  bump  is  smaller,  etc.  I  am  not  sure 
whether  it  is  a  different  species  or  not.  The  third  male  siieciniin, 
as  well  as  the  females,  have  their  feet  broken  off,  which  prevints 
mc  from  making  any  general  statement  about  the  relative  kiigtli 
of  the  femora  in  this  species. 


rv.  '- 


in-} 


{i- 


EniOCEUA. 


955 


2.  AnleiuiiB  of  tlio  ranlo  much  longt-r  than  tliono  of  th«  female,  finely 
I)ulm^*t■ullt  on  botli  Hides. 

Jl.  Fi.  wIIhohII,  n.  Hp.  %. — F<irniglnt>a,  inaculiH  hunioralilmn  atrU; 
aiiti'iiniH  ni.'ii'is  I'oiporu  loiigioribus,  pubH:iuentil>us;  cellulin  putituriuribun 
(juatuor;  ItaltHiibuH  fu^*ci^), 

IVrriiiiinoufl,  with  deep  black  linmeral  H|)ota  ;  nntcnnw  of  tbw  main  lonijcr 
than  tlie  body,  pubeoceut ;  four  po.sterior  cuUrt  ;  haltoreH  browu.  Long. 
Corp.  0.4. 

Moll'.  ]5o(1y  ycllowisli-rcd  ;  \m]\n  rather  sliort,  hrowiiish  to* 
wiu'ds  tlio  tip;  nntonmij  more  tlinii  oiico  and  a  half  tlio  h'lijrth  of 
thehody;  f'h)tht'd  on  l)()th  Hulr.s  with  adoliratc,  short  puhoscciico; 
on  tlio  under  side  with  .«onic  seiitterod  stronf^er  bri.stle.s  ;  th<j  third 
joint,  if  lient  Imckwards,  would  reach  I)eyond  the  basis  of  the 
nlidDincn  ;  the;  fourth  is  nearly  of  the  same  len<i;th  with  the  third  ; 
the  basal  jiortion  of  the  antenna)  is  rvA;  the  remainder,  lieji'inning 
with  the  tip  of  the  third  joint,  l)rown.  Thorax  shininj;  above, 
with  two  more  or  less  distinct,  often  almost  obsolete,  brownish 
stripes;  a  deep  black,  elono'ated  spot  between  the  collare  and  the 
root  of  the  winjjs  ;  a  brownish  spot  above  it,  near  the  suture,  and 
another  one  on  the  other  side  of  the  suture,  above  the  root  of  the 
wiiijrs;  knob  of  th(!  haltere.s  more  or  less  dark  brown.  Abdnnicn, 
including  the  forceps  of  the  nudes,  reddi.sh-yellow.  Fet-t  yedlow- 
isli  tawny,  tip  of  the  femora,  of  the  tibire,  and  the  latter  portion 
of  tlie  tarsi  l)rowinsh.  "Wings  with  a  pale  Ijrowiush-yellow  tinge; 
stigma  pale  brownish  ;  often,  but  not  always,  a  stump  of  a  vein 
iiL'ar  the  origin  of  the  pra'furca ;  four  posterior  cells. 

IJab.   Delaware  (Dr.  Wilson)  ;  three  male  .specimens. 

n.  AntennfP  short  in  both  sexes. 

4.  F.  fuliginosa  O.  S.  %  and  9- — Obscure  fusca,  alls  fu?ci:^ ;  an- 
tiMiiiis  maris  et,  feminrp  rrciue  longis,  brevibus  ;  cellulia  posterioiibud 
quatuor ;  haltf ribus  fuscis. 

T'aik  brown,  wings  brown ;  antenna  in  both  sexes  of  the  same  length, 
short;  four  posterior  cells  ;  halteres  brown.     Long.  corp.  0.4 — 0..'). 

Syx.  Erioccra  fuliijinosa  0.  Sackex,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  IS.V.),  p.  243. 

Lower  part  of  the  head  and  rostrum  tawny  ;  palpi  black  ;  an- 
tciiiue  black ;  short  in  both  se.xes ;  when  bent  backwards,  tlu'V 
Would  nut  reach  beyond  the  root  of  the  wings  ;  basal  joints  yid- 
lowisli-ferruginous.  Thorax  dull  dark  brown,  with  a  slight  yellow- 
ish-gray reflection  above  ;  four  more  or  less  distinct  dark  brown 


'  :i 


I 


I 


i,  ■ 


('  ' 


IllPii. 


I^^f: 


25(5  DII'TERA  OF  NOHTII  AMERICA.  [pART  IV. 

stripes  on  this  grayish  groim  ■'  ;  halteros  brown  ;  feet  ll'miji-iiKiii.-; 
tips  of  tho  foniorii  uiid  of  tiio  tibiie  brown  ;  tarsi  browii,  Altduiiicu 
brown,  sliining ;  male  forceps  tawny;  its  structure  iilvc  I'al).  1  V, 
lig.  2<S ;  ovipositor  forrugincnis,  tawny  at  the  basis.  Willi's 
l)rown,  clouded  along  the  veins  ;  slignui  still  darker  brown  ;  four 
posterior  cells;  (irst  subinargiual  cell  but  little  more  than  half  the 
length  of  the  second ;  the  nuirgiual  cross-vein  close  by  the  iiuur 
end  of  the  lirst  subinargiual  cell. 

JJah.  Berkeley  Springs,  Virginia;  "Washington,  D.  C.  J  IkuI 
nine  male  and  one  fenuile  specimen  when  1  lirst  described  tlii.s 
species.  I  i)ossess,  moreover,  two  males  from  Virginia  and  u 
female  from  Ohio,  the  coloring  of  which  is  very  like  that  of  E. 
/o/([//fo;vu's,  gray  with  brownish  strijjes  on  the  tlnn'a.x;  tlu;  wiiiiis 
are  only  slightly  tinged  with  brownish  ;  the  knob  of  the  hallciTs 
is  dark  brown  ;  tlie  lirst  subniarginal  cell  is  short,  with  the  rvn<<. 
vein  close  by  its  inner  end.  The  din'erence  in  the  coloring  frmn 
the  typical  specimens  of  J'J.  fuliginosa  is  very  considera1)le ;  but 
I  fail  to  discover  any  essential  diiVerences. 

G(>    XXXIV.  pe;\thopteiia. 

Two  submarc^inal  cells  ;  four  or  fivH  posterior  cells  ;  a  discal  cell ;  the 
subcostal  cross-vein  at  tho  very  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  the  lirst  sub- 
luarginal  cell  shorter  than  the  second  ;  stignid  viri/  small,  occupjiiixj  hui  a 
small  portion  of  the  interral  bctwi'in  the  tip  of  the  auritiari/  vein  ami  llf 
viarrjiiHil  cross-vein  ;  wing-veins  distinctly  pube.scent.  (Jibbosity  on  tho 
front  comparatively  small;  antennie  six-jointed  in  the  male,  sotnetiiiU'S 
much  longer  than  th<ise  of  tlw.  female,  sometimes  of  the  same  length; 
antennre  of  the  female  ten-jointed,  comparatively  short.  Tibia)  with  short 
spurs  at  the  'ip  ;  ungues  small ;  ompodia  small,  but  distinct.  Male  foriejis 
like  that  of  Kriocera, 

This  gciuis  has  been  proposed  by  Dr.  Schincr  for  th'^  Europoim 
species  P.  chb'olheectla  Scop,  and  eimicoidea  Scop.,  with  the  lirsl 
of  which  the  North  American  P.  alhituvtiis  is  most  uiimifiakiilily 
allietl.  Although  these  three  species  have  all  the  characters  nf 
Eriiicera,  it  is  easv  to  perceive  ))ecidiarities  in  their  gciiriul 
appearance  and  their  coloring,  which  justify  their  separation, 
The  w'iiigs  are  more  elongatec,  the  wing-veins  seem  to  l>e  nioi'ii 
slender,  less  dark  in  coloring;  the  cells  in  the  apical  portion  of 
tlie  wing  are  longer,  the  veins  enclosing  them  less  diverging,  luoi'o 
parallel,  and  much  more  distinctly  pubesct -'t ;  tho  fringe  iT  liaii's 
along  the  posterior  margin  of  the  wings  is  longer;  the  stigma  is 


II    ' 


:<y'-m 


PENTIIOPTERA. 


25Y 


vrrv  imich  siiialkT,  occiipviiifj:  ijiit  a  small  portion  of  tlio  space 
ImIwcch  iIh'  tip  of  tlic  auxiliiir}'  vuiii  ami  the  marginal  cross-vein  ; 
tlic  siilnHstal  cross-vein  is  still  nearer  to  the  tij)  of  tlu!  auxiliary 
v(i;i ;  tiie  inarn'inal  cro.^s-vein,  on  the  contrary,  a  little  more 
(listaiit  from  the  tip  of  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein.  Hotli  J\  chiro- 
Ih cuta  anil  7'.  (tibilarsis  have  the  tarsi  white — a  striking  character 
.mt  (il)serve(l  in  the  genns  Krinvcra  ;  compared  to  the  tiljiu',  the 
larsi  are  shorter  here  than  in  /■Jn'occni,  especiaiiy  th(>  hind  ones. 

As  in  Kriocrrci,  the  antennse  of  the  male  are  sonu'tinies  very 
luiig.  and  much  longer  than  those  (»f  the  female  (/*.  alhilfirKis); 
soiiietimes  they  are  short  in  hoth  sexes  (the  two  European 
spfcics).  The  occurrence,  in  the  dilfereiit  species,  of  either  five 
or  of  four  ])osterior  cells  also  reminds  of  the  fornu'r  genus  (7*.  alln- 
/«;•.-■/-•  and  cJiirothecald  have  live.  P.  vimicoiih'H  four  of  such  c(dls). 

The  aidcnnai  of  the  nmlc  are  apparently  si.x-jcdnted  ;  on  those 
of  afresh  specimen  of  the  female  of  F.  cilbilardK  I  have  distinctly 
counted  ten  joints.  Those  of  the  two  European  si)ecies,  in  both 
soxes,  when  bent  backwards,  would  hardly  reach  l)eyond  the  root 
of  tl'-'  wings;  the  third  joint  is  the  longest;  the  flagellum  is 
s|nirselv  clothed  with  hairs.  The  antenna^  of  the  fennile  of  the 
North  American  si)eeie,>  have  exactly  the  same  structure;  those 
of  the  nude  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  tiliform,  covered  with 
a  short,  soft  i)ubescence.  The  structure  of  the  palpi  seems  to  be 
like  tluit  of  Eriocera.  The  nude  forceps,  likewise,  rcsendjles  that 
Q'i  Eriovcra ;  the  ovipositor  has  the  ordinary  structure  ;  the  upper 
valves  are  slender,  pointed,  and  very  gently  arcuated. 

As  I  have  oI)served  in  my  renmrks  on  the  jircceding  genus,  the 
snlxlivisions  of  Eriocera  have  been  too  little  studied  yet,  as  to 
(Uride  upon  the  relative  value  and  i)ositi<m  of  the  allied  genera ; 
I'enlhiiptcra  is  among  the  number  of  the  latter. 

Ih-.  Schiner  has  described  a  new  species  (P.  fulirjinnsa)  from 
Columbia.  South  America  {Rrif^e  d.  Norarfi,  Dipfcra,  p.  42). 

The  name  of  the  genus  is  i)rol)ably  derived  from  niv^f,  sorrow, 
and  rtTf|i6>',  wing,  in  allusion  to  the  dark-colored  wings  of  the 
Mui'opeau  species. 

Drirriplion  of  the  itprrirs. 

1.  P.  albilarsia,  n.  »p.     %  nnd  9.— Fnso.inn,  I'njiHe  supprnp  Y>nu- 
iKiso,  tarsis  alliis  ;  Mntciini^  innri^  lonu'itU'line  corporis,  feminie  multo 
breviorilras  ;  cclliilis  jmstcrioribus  (ininijilu. 
]■;      October,  1808. 


•^rHB 


■-% 


I 


I 


r 


n 


4m 


i.b: 


258 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


Brownish;  head  above  with  a  thick  blui.sh  bloom  ;  tarsi  whiUj;  aiit.'iin» 
of  the  male  as  long  as  the  body;  those  of  the  female  luuuh  shorter- 
live  posterior  cells.     Long.  corp.  0.125 — 0.3. 

Head  brownish  above,  with  a  bluiish  bloom,  which  soinctiines 
entirely  eonceals  the  bruwn  ;  yelluwi.sl.  tawny  below;  iialiij 
brownish,  except  the  basis,  which  is  3'ellowisli ;  antennio  lirnwn, 
two  basal  joints  yellowish-tawny  ;  tho.se  of  the  male  ncarlv  as 
long  as  the  body,  clothed  with  a  den.se,  delicate  pubescciico- 
those  of  the  female,  if  bent  backwards,  would  hardly  reach  hcvuml 
the  root  of  the  wings.  Thorax  yeilowish-tawny,  brownish  aliovi.', 
shining,  and  with  a  s'light  gray  or  bluish  bloom  upon  the  brnwii ; 
four  darker  stripes  are  sometimes  indistinctly  marked  ;  lialuns 
brownish  ;  abdomen  brown,  venter  yellowish,  the  male  furct'iis 
and  the  basis  of  the  ovipositor  are  likewise  yellowish ;  coxa' 
yellowish,  feet  brown,  tarsi  white ;  last  joint  somewhat  bruwiiish. 
Wings  slightly  tinged  with  brownish;  stigma  almost  imper- 
ceptible ;  lirst  submarginal  cell  but  little  shorter  than  tlic  lirst 
posterior  ;  marginal  cross-vein  at  a  considerable  distance  licy(jii(l 
the  inner  end  of  the  lirst  ubmarginal  cell;  live  posterior  cells; 
the  petiole  of  the  second  is  vather  long. 

JIab.  New  London,  0^  : -.,  on  the  sea-beach,  a  female;  rniii- 
sylvn.nia  (Cresson),  a  male.  I  have  only  these  two  si)Ocinieii,s 
bef»?re  me  ;  the  male  is  considerably  smaller  than  the  femak',  the 
petiole  of  the  second  posterior  cell  is  comparatively  much  longer, 
the  wings  are  more  brown  ;  but  the  agreement  of  the  two  sptrj- 
niens  in  other  respects  is  perfect.  Both  specimens  had  only  tlio 
hiud  tarsi  left. 


II 


't't 


AMALOPINA, 


259 


Section  VI.   AMALOPINA. 


Two  snbmarginal  cells  ;  four  or  five  posterior  cells  ;  discal  cell  closed  or 
oiieii ;  siilici>.--tiil  cross-vi  in  far  reuioveil  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  ami  autirior  ta  the  origin  of  thn  second  Itiuijituilinal  riin  (Tab.  II, 
lig.  14-18).  Tibi;e  with  spurs  at  the  tip  ;  euipodia  distinct.  J^ijas 
pubfisrent :  front  usually  with  a  more  or  less  distinct  gibbosity.  Normal 
iiuiuber  of  autenual  joints  sixteen  or  thirteen. 

Tlio  Tipulidie  of  this  section  form  two  natural  groups,  based 
upon  tlic  nuinl)er  of  joints  of  their  antennie,  and  the  i)eculiaritie3 
of  their  venation. 

PeiJivia  n\\(\  Amalopis  have  Ifi-jointcd  antonnte  ;  tlie  second 
sul)Hmrginal  cell  is  (in  all  cases  which  came  nnder  my  observa- 
tion) never  longer,  although  generally  l)ut  vi'rv  little  shorter,  than 
the  lirst  posterior  cell ;  the  priefurca  is  I'ather  elongated  (Tab.  II, 
fig.  14,  15)  ;  the  palpi  seem  to  be  usually  longer  than  in  the  follow- 
ing group. 

Divrcmota,  BhniihidoUiJyin,  and  riccfromijin  have  13-jointed 
nntennje;  the  second  sul)niarginal  cell  is  never  shorter  than  the 
first  posterior,  generally  a  little  longer  ;  the  pra^furea  is  very  short 
(Tab.  II,  fig.  16-18;  for  more  details  concerning  the  differences 
hetwccMi  these  two  groups,  compare  the  genus  Anuilopix). 

The  characters  common  to  the  two  groups,  and  at  the  same 
time  distinctive  of  the  Amalopina  are  :  the  position  of  the  snl)- 
costal  cross-vein  ;  the  pubescent  eyes  ;  the  fretjuent  occurrence 
of  the  frontal  gibbosity  ;  the  freipient  absence  of  the  discal  cell, 
especially  in  the  second  gr(Hip  ;  tli<'  peculiar  shape  of  tlie  penulti- 
mate posterior  cell  (compare  Tal».  II,  lig.  14-lS),  the  inner  end 
of  which  is  alwa3-s  nnieh  more  extended  inwards  than  in  the 
ninjiirity  of  the  brevipnipoiis  'Ti/'xliihr.  This  character,  impart- 
ing '.i  pcMitagonal  shape  to  the  disi'al  cell  whenever  it  is  ('losed, 
is  also  of  general  occurrence  among  the  TipnUihr  iDiKji/Kil/ii. 
Among  the  latter  the  pcnultinuite  posterior  cell,  as  a  rule,  has 


i 


m 


u 


I 


« 


§'.: 


: 


2G0 


DIl'TKllA  OF  NOUIH  AMERICA. 


[I'ART  IV 


its  iiincT  end  in  one  lino  witli  the  inner  end  of  tlio  last  ii>.>iiiiii|' 
cell  ;  a  i'urni  of  venation  wiiieli  is  nut  altojiclluT  foroiji'ii  to  thu 
Aniuldpinu  also  (eoniparo  A.  vcriuilis  C).  8.,  opacd  MciLr.,  cic). 

This  last  character,  the  iieculiai"  shape  of  the  itenultimalu 
posterior  ceil,  is  only  wantin;^'  in  the  genns  Ula,  which,  with  its 
17-jointed  antenna-  and  its  inilicst'eiit  winj^s,  seems  to  foiia  u 
group  for  itsell',  without  any  particular  allinity  tu  the  other  twn; 
its  position  among  the  Ainulopina,  however,  is  abundantly  viiidi- 
cated  by  its  cither  characters. 

Tlu!  separation  oi  the  Amalopi na  from  the  genus  Limiuiliin  \\\ 
the  sense  of  Meigen  is  of  too  recent  date  yet,  as  that  we  sliouM 
know  much  aliuut  its  velativo  ])osition  with  regard  to  the  uiIht 
sections  of  the  Tiinilidn-.  The  pidjescence  of  the  eyes  seeais  to 
be  peculiar  to  the  Ainul>>iu.,ui,  and  has  not  been  observed  in  any 
otiier  TiiiulUbv,  <i\w\)\  in  Trivhovvra.  And  it  is  singular  ouoiiuii 
that  in  all  the  species  iiitherto  observed  this  character  should  Ite 
accompanied  l)y  another,  equally  peculiar  to  this  group,  the  posi- 
tion of  the  subcostal  cross-vein,  anterior  to  the  origin  of  the 
second  longitudimil  vein  and  so  far  removed  from  the  tip  of  tin' 
auxiliary  vein.  The  coincidence  of  such  characters,  tounlirr 
with  the  structure  of  the  male  forceps  (dilfering  from  the  types 
])revailing  in  the  other  sections)  constitute  a  compact  and  well 
characterized  group. 

About  the  occurrence  of  Amalopina  in  the  otlnn*  parts  of  tlie 
world,  besides  Europe  and  North  America,  almost  nothing  is 
known.  The  venation  of  Fob/rncra  /asm,  from  IJrazil,  ligiu'td 
in  Wiedemann's  Aii>ift.  Zic.  Vol.  I,  Tab.  YI,  fig.  b,  4,  stroijgly 
reminds  of  lUiaiiJiidolahis;  the  til)ia>  of  this  genus  have  s])urs  iit 
tiie  tip  ;  the  anteiuiiu  arc  2!S-joiiited,  puljcscent  (sometimes,  how- 
ever, 14-jointed  ?  comp.  "Wied.  1.  c.  p.  554).  I  have  never  seen  this 
genus;  the  descriptions  of  Wiedemann  and  Macquart  (Dijit.  K-i'"l. 
I,  1,  p.  fi4,  Tab.  8)  arc  not  suflicient  to  determine  its  position  widi 
certainty  (that  of  Wiedemann  is  translated  in  the  Appendix  II) 

Gen.  XXXV.    AIfI.4T.OPIS. 

Two  snbmarghial  cells;  five  posterior  cell.s  ;  discal  cell  generally  pri'si'iit, 
sometimes  wanting  ;  tiie  subcostal  cros.s-vein  is  more  or  less  aiitirior 
to  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ,  lue  s  'o>)iid  suliinai'L'iiiai 
cell  is  never  longer  (nsnal)y  distinctly  fliuiUi-i  lliaii  Ibv  fi:''i  jiostciicr 
cell  ;  the  tip  of  the  wing  is  rounded  in  both  sexe-  ''i,ot  -tinuAte  po.-teriorly 


AMALOI'TS. 


as  ii:  /'"/'V/'i1.  Tiliire  with  spurs  jit  tlie  fi;-:  ciiiiiodia  distiiat  ;  uiilmu's 
siiuiiilli.  Kyi/s  jmliesi  I'lit ;  fiont  witli  a  giMiosity  Ix-hiiul  tlio  antt^iiii:i' ; 
till- latter  llijoiiittfd,  slioit  (not  icauliing  iii'.cli  Imyoinl  the  CMiUaie  when 
lit'ut  b'.ckwiiids).  Male  forfejis  more  or  less  ulub-shapcd,  with  s-tont, 
braiuLeil  horny  appendages. 

IJdstniin  short,  witli  liir<ro,  hairy  lips;  ciiistonia  niucli  l)roiuler 
than  hiii.n";  piilpi  Cdinparativoly  Iniifj:;  the  last  joint  is  ioiip-cr  than 
tlic  |)i'fc((liiij2:,  but  usually  shortur  tliau  tlu;  two  jtrocodiiiu'  joiuts 
takrii  too-other.'  Tiio  cyt'S  arc  itiihi'scL'iit,  scpafalod  aliovo  by  a 
iiiodcriilcly  broad  front;  on  the  luidur  side  of  the  liead,  tiie  spaeo 
si'parating  tli'Mu  is  narrow  ;  the  ^'ibltosity  ou  tlu'  front,  behind  the 
aiitciniio,  is  sometimes  sniaU,  but  always  ])ereei»tible.  Anteiiiuc 
ICi-jiMiited,  very  siiort ;  lir.st  and  seeond  joints  of  tiie  usual  shape; 
the  llaiit'llum  of  some  sjjeeies  (as  ^1.  vt^rtialitt  0.  S.,  auriin'tuun 
0.  S.,  lininaruUita  M,)  is  stroiiti'Iy  inerassated  at  the  basis,  the  joints 
laiiiu'  elosely  packed  toj^ether  ;  the  tip  is  tapering  and  slender; 
ill  iitlier  speeies,  however,  this  inerassalion  is  not  perce})tible,  and 
the  joints  ar((  well  separated  from  each  other  (^1.  calvar  0.  S.); 
till'  under  side  of  the  flagellum,  espeeitdly  in  the  males,  is  elothed 
wiili  ii  short,  dense  pul)escenee  ;  the  opposite  side  has  longer, 
vcnicilliite  hairs.  Collare  rather  long,  well  develojx'd  ;  thoracic 
siiliu'e  well  nuirked.  Feet  long,  moderately  strong;  the  spurs  at 
till'  tip  of  the  tibia'  vary  in  length  and  distinctness;  in  A.  valcar 
tiiry  are  very  long  and  divaricate,  ami  therefore  conspicuous ; 
iimcli  less  so  in  the  other  species;  front  tarsi  (%)  rather  long, 
aliiiut  once  and  a  half  or  om-e  and  a  (pnirter  the  length  of  the 
tibia  ;  hind  tarsi  as  long  or  a  little  longer  than  the  tibia  ;  the  four 
last  tarsal  joints  taken  together  are  ecpml  to  lliree-(iuarters  or 
iiiiirr  of  the  lirst  joint.  The  wings  (compare  Tab.  II,  fig.  14, 
wing  of  A.  ralvar ;  fig.  15,  of  A.  i))consl(ni.-<)  are  of  moderate 
liivailth  ;  generally  slightly  broader  in  the  female.  The  tip  of  llie 
auxiliary  vein  is  nearly  oi)posite  the  tip  of  the  fifih  longitudinal 
vi'iii  :  the  subcostid  cross-vein  is  more  or  less  anterior  to  the 
origin  of  the  second  longitudiind  vein;  the  distance  betwci'U 
tlieni  is  e(pial  to  about  one  length  of  the  great  cross-vein  in  A. 
(iiiriiiCDiiin  and  crilrar,  two  such  lengths  in  A.  iiicon^lcniri,  three 
It'iiuths  or  more  in  A.  hi/iierbori'a,  immamilatd,  and  vcrnfilis. 
The  tip  of  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein  is  opposite  the  lip  of  the 

'  I  liavt'  ob.served  the  palpi  of  living  specimens  of  .1.  calcar,  inconslans, 

and  nriitilis. 


I 


9 

ate 


I 


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I 


i 


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i 


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i 


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f  1: 


t-'T 


2G2 


])IPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMEUICA. 


[rAiiT  IV. 


third  Ijruiich  of  tlio  fourth  vein  ;  llio  marginal  cross-voiii  is  nt,  (ir 
very  iioar  tliis  tip.  Tiie  pru'furcu,  tho  origin  of  wliicli  is  iiliout 
tlic  niiihUe  of  the  lengtii  of  the  wing,  is  nitiicr  h)ng,  areuated  or 
angular  near  llie  basis  (in  tlic  hitter  ease  generally  with  a  sluiiip 
of  a  vein);  its  further  course  is  gent'rally  straight,  //(  a  line  trilh 
tin;  Ihird  loiKjittidiiial  ccin.  The  relations  between  the  two 
braneJH's  of  the  second  vein,  the  third  vein,  and  the  snudi  cro^s- 
vein  are  very  [(eenliar  in  this  genus,  and  deserve  a  particular 
attention  (eoini)are  the  lignves  14  and  1")  of  Tab.  JI)  :  1.  The 
small  cross-vi'in  always  connects  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  with 
the  .second  vein  or  tlu!  posterior  branch  of  this  vein  ;  never  with 
the  third  vein,  as  is  alnu)st  universally  the  case  among  the 
Dil>tera;  in  other  words,  the  third  vein  in  the  genus  Anialujiis 
(at  least  in  all  the  instances  observed  by  ni.\)  always  issues  IVoiii 
the  second  beyond  the  small  cross-vein.  Hence,  it  is  a  peculi- 
arity of  AmuloptH  (and  this  applies  also  to  redicia),  that  tli(; 
second  xi(hiiiar<jinal  cell  ?'.s  never  longer  tJian  the  Jirf<(  jiOfUrivr 
cell,  generally  a  little  shorter.  From  among  all  the  ntlior 
Tijiulldn-,  I  am  aware  of  two  genera  only,  where  the  position 
of  the  snmll  cross-vein,  above  alluded  to,  is  to  bo  nu't  with: 
Fli/(/i<)j)(i'7-a  and  liillacomorpha.  Even  in  Erioptera  (sulju-. 
3Ioloi)/iilu!<,  compare  Tab.  I,  fig.  19),  the  venation  of  which 
otherwise  reminds  of  Amalojns,  tlie  small  cross-vein  has  the 
usual  positi(jn,  l)etween  the  third  and  the  fourth  veins.  2.  Tlio 
llrst  submarginal  cell  is  cither  shorter  than  the  second,  -which  is 
the  nornnil  venation  among  the  TipuUdfK ;  or  it  is  longer  than 
the  second  subnuirginal  (Tab.  II,  fig.  14),  a  form  of  venation 
occurring  also  among  the  Eriopterina  of  the  sul)genus  Molo]'hi!ni 
(see  Tab.  I,  iig.  19),  and  the  Ptyvhopterina  (Tab.  II,  lig.  IH, :.'()). 
We  might  express  the  difference  between  these  two  forms  of  vena- 
tion by  saying  that,  in  the  first  case,  the  second  vein  is  forked,  iu 
the  second  case,  the  third  ;  but  this  would  be  a  deviation  iroiii 
the  terminology  adopted  by  us  and  according  to  wliiih  it  is 
always  the  second  and  never  the  third  vein  which  bears  tliehiik. 
The  first  submarginal  cell  is  lon(jer  than  the  second  in  the 
American  sj)eeies  A.  huperliorea,  vernalis,  calcar,  and  ihe 
Kiiropean  species  yl.  unicolor  Sehum.  and  m»iflC'M?o<a  Seliuni.); 
the  first  submarginal  cell  is  .shorter  than  the  second  in  .1. 
aun'j^oinis  O.   S.,  iu  the  normal  specimens  of  A.    incon^'laiii 


AMALOPIS. 


2C3 


0.  S.,  and  in  the  European  species  A.  Ultoralis  M.,  i^chineri  Egg., 
(jiriilla  yi.  The  stnioture  of  tlio  posterior  fork  of  tlie  fourth 
vein  undergoes  sonic  niudiiicatious  which  deserve  likewise  to  he 
nii'iitioned.  In  must  of  tlie  species  (aiiri]i(nini}<,  JnjjH'rborcn,  fol- 
iar, ineondcniti,  and  tlie  Euroiiean  liUoralis  ^I.,  lipnlina  Eggcr, 
schincri  Kolen.,  unicolor  Sehuni.,  itnmaculata  Sehuin.)this  fork 
is  petiolate,  or  in  other  words,  the  inner  end  of  the  fourth  posterior 
cell  (enclosed  by  this  fork)  is  more  remote  from  the  basis  of  the 
wing  than  the  inner  end  of  the  diseal  cell,  or  when  it  is  open,  of 
the  third  jiosterior  cell.  In  ^1.  vernaliH,  however,  as  well  as  in 
the  European  A.  occuUa  ^L,  (jinundcnsia  Egger,  and  ojuu-a 
Kgger,  the  posterior  fork  of  the  fourth  vein  is  sessile,  that  is,  the 
origin  of  the  branch  forming  it  is  coincident  with  the  first  branch- 
ing of  the  fourth  vein  ;  hence,  the  inner  end  of  the  fourth  posterior 
cell  is  ecpiidistaiit  from  the  basis  of  the  wing  with  thu  inner  end 
of  the  diseal  cell,  or,  when  it  is  open,  of  the  third  jiosterior  cell. 
The  diseal  cell  is  closed  in  the  normal  specimens  of  A.  cah-nr, 
vcrnalis,  and  inconslans  ;  it  is  likewise  closed  in  the  two  reinain- 
iiig  North  American  species,  A.  auripennlx  and  A.  hyperhorea, 
of  which,  however,  I  have  onh'  single  specinunis  before  me ;  also 
in  the  European  A.  tipuUna  Egger.  In  the  European  A.  liltor- 
fl//.s  M.,  iichincri  Kol.,  and  iinivolor  Schum.,  the  diseal  cell  seems 
to  be  variable,  sometimes  closed,  often  open.  In  A.  occulta,  M., 
imiitaridata  Sch.,  gmundensis  and  opaca  Egger,  it  is  open  (at 
least  iM  normal  specimens).*  The  shape  of  the  diseal  cell  is  usu- 
ally pentagonal ;  but  in  A.  vernalix,  owing  to  the  above-mentioned 
structure  of  the  posterior  fork  of  the  fourth  vein,  it  is  elongated 
and  narrow.  When  the  diseal  cell  is  closed,  the  second  posterior 
cell  is  usually  petiolatc  ;  in  A.  vcrnalis  it  is  sessile  ;  in  most 
specimens  of  A.  inconstans  it  is  sessile  or  subsessilc.  The  small 
cross-vein  is  generally  in  one  line  with  the  inner  end  of  the  diseal 
cell  (or  of  the  third  posterior  cell,  when  the  diseal  is  ojien),  and 
often  with  the  great  cross-vein  ;  this  relation  is  somewhat  varialile 
in  A.  inconstans.  The  fifth  longitudinal  vein  is  somewhat  arcuated 
towards  the  end  ;  the  sixth  and  seventh  arc  straight,  or  almost  so. 
In  .1.  hyperhorea  the  second  basal  ceil  is  divided  in  hvu  by  a 
supernumerary  cross-vein;  the  same  is  the  case  with  the  lliiro- 


I 


I 

i 


I 


t 


I 


The  data  about  the  European  species  are  taken  from  Dr.  tichiuer "s  work. 


I    , 


264 


DU'TEKA  OF  NOUTIC  AMKHirA. 


[I'AltT  IV. 


v!  ' 


])onn  J.  rarin('rri.-<  Zott.  Tin.'  slijrnia  is  cloiijriitcd  and  Imt  litilc 
(It'liiicd. 

Till'  jdiddiiicii  (if  tilt'  male  is  cloii.irak'd,  (iftcii  atlciniiitvd  ;il  tlic 
basis,  and  iimrc  or  less  (•liil)-sl)ai)('d  at  llic  tip.  The  lurcc|is  df  .1. 
'incdns/dii.-i  (Tidi.  IV,  lig.  ;>())  consists  of  a  ])i\\v  of  coriiiicniis 
Ijasiil  pieces,  hollow  inside  (cr)  ;  each  of  these  has  a  hiiuc  iiurnv 
aitpendiiu'e,  with  two  liranclies  directed  upwards  {"(t),  and  si  soft 
fleshy  and  jmlx'sccnt  lol>e  (/>)  ;  moreover,  there  is  a  pair  of  sMuilhr 
l)orn\'  appendajrc's  (//)  inside  of  the  forceps  (coini)arc  also  the  do- 
tuils  u'iven  in  explanation  of  the  plate).  The  forceps  of  the  (itlicr 
species  seems  to  l»c  formed  i)retty  much  on  the  same  plan.  Tlic 
ovipositor  of  the  female  has  nnxlerately  long  and  broad,  sonic- 
wliiit  iirciiatfd  and  pointed  upper  valves. 

'J'lie  s])ccies  of  Aiualoiiia  are  of  m(>diuni  size,  some  ol'  llniii 
t'oiiijiariitivcly  large  ;  thi-y  occur  in  damp  situations  ;  nothing  i,> 
known  iihoiit  the  lialtits  of  their  larva",  which  are  prohaljly  iKiiiiitic, 
like  those  of  I'cdicia.  Axiolopii^  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  latti  r 
genus,  and  it  is  rather  dillicidt  to  find  a  satisfactory  chanicter  tu 
distinguish  them.  From  JJivnniota,  li/uiphidulubin,  and  J'Irc- 
iromijin,  the  jirescnt  genus,  as  well  as  Pedkia,  arc  distinguished 
by  the  number  of  autenual  joints,  hy  the  circumstance  that,  dii 
account  of  the  pccidiar  position  of  the  small  cross-vein,  already 
cxjdained,  the  second  submarginal  cell  is  never  longer  than  the 
first  posterior,  and  by  the  freciuent  occurrence  of  the  form  of  vena- 
tion in  which  the  first  sulnnarginal  cell  is  longer  than  the  sccuiid 
(compare  also  the  general  remarks  on  the  AmuJopina,  \\.  2;")!)). 

I  possess  five  North  American  species  of  Amahipi^,  and  Dr. 
Schiner  enumerates  nine  European  ones,  some  of  which,  however, 
are  probably  synonymous.  I  have  every  reason  to  believe  lliat 
Limnobia  variucrvis  Zett.,  from  Norway,  which  I  know  only 
from  the  description  (Zett.  Dipt  Scand.  X,  p.  8813),  is  an.l»iff- 
lopix.  Limnobia  congrua  Walker,  Lid,  etc.  I,  p.  42,  from  Swiio 
Kivcr,  is  an  Amalopis ;  I  have  seen  it  in  the  British  Museum. 

The  genus  Amalopin  (from  d;uax6j,  soft,  and  u>^,  face)  was  lirst 
proposed  I)y  Mr.  Ilaliday  for  Limnobia  occulta  M.,  in  "Walker's 
Ins.  Jlril.  Dipfera,  Vol.  Ill,  1850.  It  was  not  incorporated  into 
the  work,  however,  but  introduced  in  a  note  among  the  Addenda 
ftud  Corrigenda  (1.  c.  p.  xv),  aftt^r  the  work  had  l)een  completed. 
Mr.  Ilaliday  points  out  the  hairy  eyes,  the  frontal  tubercle,  and 


luiij 


AMALOPIS 


2fi5 


(lie  iiI)S('iH'('  of  a  (liMical  cfll  of  this  species,  and  says  tliat  it  is  tlio 
tviif  (if  a  new  <^('liiis  Ainaliqax.  In  the  J'l'oc  Af(i<L  Xal.  Sri. 
rhlld'l.  1H;V.),  p.  215,  I  liave  fiirther  tlovelopftl  this  .siiji'ji'estioii, 
i)V  aiiilini!;  to  tlie  ciiiiraeters  of  Amalopis  the  position  of  liie  suh- 
custiii  eross-vein,  and  estal)lisliin<j;  upon  tliat  eliaractci'  tho  izimip 
of  Pi'ilifinfitnnia  (now  AiiKilojiina).  At  tliat  tinn.'  I  dcMTilicd 
lliri'i'  Noi'tii  American  species,  to  wliicli  1  luive  since  (/'/-o''.,  etc. 
Isiil,  p.  '2\)l)  added  two  new  ones.  Dr.  .Seluner  {lunnui.  Aiislr. 
Ihjiliru,  lS(;i,  \'ol.  II,  p,  i)-21)  referred  to  Ain(ili>jiis  tiie  1-hiropeau 
species  helon{,nnjjj  to  it,  and  which  had  been  previously  nu.\cd  up 
with  tlic  Limnobiue. 

Criiiiohia,  a  •••enerie  name  proposed  by  Kolenati  for  Amntopi;^ 
i^rliiitrri  K(j].  {Wicii.  Enlniu.  Jf'iiialschr.  IV,  )».  o'X);  isr.O),  is 
a  synoiivm  of  Aiiuilojiiti. 

Tin;  genus  'J'ric;//>lii>nii,  esliildisiicfl  by  Zetterstedl,  in  (he  Ins. 
Lapponira,  1.S40,  and  retained  in  all  tlie  hiler  pnldieations,  even 
ill  l>r.  Scliiner's  Fauna  Au/ilriacn,  l)ipli ni,  is,  according'  to  my 
opinion,  not  snllieiently  distingnislicd  I'rom  Anialupiti,  to  be  re- 
tained as  a  separate  genus.  I  suspected  this  already  in  iSol), 
hut  it  has  l)eeonie  evident  to  me  recently,  since  I  olituined  s[»eci- 
iiHMis  of  T.  immacuUila  M.,  tlio  only  species  upon  which  thi!4 
fi'cmis  is  based.  If  T.  immaculaln  has  been  sepiirated  from 
LiiitiKitjin  so  early,  it  was  princii»ally  on  acKount  of  its  discal 
cell  l)eiiig'  always  ojjen,  a  character  of  altogether  secondary  ini- 
piu'tauee.  Although  the  nanu!  Tricyph(»ia  is  ohhn"  than  Ama- 
hipisi,  I  believe  tiiat,  as  a  matter  both  of  right  and  of  expediency, 
the  latt<'r  name  has  to  l)e  maintained.'  The  genus  IJojjhrusia 
Koiulaui,  is  a  synonym  of  Tricyphona. 

'  The  almoiit  absolute  rules  of  priority  recognized  for  specific  names  are 
not  e(iaiUly  applicable  to  tlu^  gcoieric  ones.  In  the  present  instance  the 
gi'iius  AiiKihi/ils  may  be  said  to  have  lieen  tmltnown  until  185(1,  when  Mr. 
IliiHiliiy  pointed  out  one  of  its  principal  features,  and  18.'',\  when  I  showeil 
its  true  extent  and  defined  its  character.  Zetterstedt's  delinitimi  of  '/V/c//- 
/'/eiHK  is  not  applicable  to  Aiiuilniiis,  as  it  is  princij)ally  based  upon  the 
absence  of  the  discal  cell,  a  character  of  mere  casual  occurrence.  If  tho 
mere  invention  of  a  name  gave  a  right  to  priority,  we  should  call  IVmm- 
jiliidln  liv  the  name  of  Ihlius  St.  Fargeau,  and  adopt  Jldubia  St.  Faigeau, 
instead  of  Symjilecta, 


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Tallin  for  dr.lcrininiuij  the  species. 

Anterior  margin  of  the  wings  shad'"!  with  brownish. 

1  Inconstana  0.  S. 
Antftrior  margin  of  the  wing  not  ahadod  with  brownish.  2 

Wings  spotted  witli  brown.  3 

Wings  not  spotteil  willi  brown.  4 

Tlio  inner  end  of  the  fourtli  posterior  cell  is  in  one  line  with  tlin  iniKr 

end  of  the  fiftli  and  of  tlie  discal  cells.  .')  veriialis  ".  y. 

The  inner  end  of  tlie  fourth  posterior  cell  is  beyond  the  inner  ciicl  of 

the  fifth  and  of  the  discal  cells.  4  hyperborea  <>.  >'. 

I'irst  snliniarginal  cell  shorter  than  the  second.      2  auripennis  '>.  s. 
First  subniargiual  cell  longer  than  the  second.  3  calcar  ".  .S. 

Description  of  the  species. 


1.  A.  incoiiNtanH  0.  S.  -J,  and  J. — Ochracea,  thorace  rnfufiocnti', 
abdomine  obscnriori ;  alarum  margine  antico  et  venulis  trausversis  in- 
fuscatis :  prrpfurcfe  initium  appeudiculatum ;  cellula  submarginalis 
pr'.iua  secunda  brevior. 

Ochraceons,  thorax  reddish,  abdomen  somewhat  darker;  anterior  iiiargin 
of  the  wings  and  transverse  veins  infuscated  ;  the  prrefurca  has  a  stump 
of  a  vein  near  its  origin  ;  the  flrst  snbmarginal  cell  (in  normal  speti- 
mens)  is  shorter  than  the  second  (Tab.  II,  fig.  15).  Long.  corp.  d.lJ— 
0.55. 

Syn.   Amalopis  inconstans  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18.'!),  p.  247. 

Coloring  vory  inconstant ;  ocliraoeous,  more  or  less  mixed  with 
brown  on  the  thorax  and  the  alnlomcn  ;  sometimes  nitouitlifr 
without  brown.  The  following  is  the  description  of  the  spiii- 
mens  with  a  fully  developed  dark  coloring: — 

llostrniu  and  palpi  brown  ;  front  grayish ;  under  side  (if  tlie 
head  yellowish;  antenna)  i)ale,  but  little  longer  than  the  licinl : 
basal  Joint  generally  brownish  ;  flagellum  with  moderate  vcilicils. 
Collare  orhraceous,  a  black  ring  near  the  head,  a  brown  stripe 
along  the  middle;  mesonotum  yellowish-orange,  with  a  .-lidit 
brown  tinge  along  the  middle;  stripes  indistinct;  back  of  tlie 
suture,  the  thorax  is  brownish ;  scutcllum  and  metathorax  are 
paler  in  the  middle;  pleune  pale;  halteres  pale;  feet  mH'HV, 
femora  and  tibia)  faintly  brownish  at  the  tip  ;  tips  of  the  tarsal 
joints,  and  their  last  joint  brown.  Abdomen  brown,  especially 
towards  the  tip;  male  genitals  brown;  ovipositor  reddish.  AVinL'.- 
tinged  with  light  brownish;  anterior  margin,  especially  within 


AMALOl'IS. 


2r,7 


tlip  co-^tiil  and  suhcostnl  cells,  iiifusciitofl  ;  nil  tin  cross-voiiis  liuvti 
hrowii  cloud"!,  as  widl  as  the  oriiriii  of  the  pni'l'iirca. 

This  is  ill*'  normal  coloriiiir,  hut  among  oi^^litecn  spccinit'iis 
wliic'li  I  had  boforo  mo,  oidy  four  showed  it  in  its  full  develop- 
iiinit.  All  the  others  wen;  more  or  less  jmler  about  the  enllnrt', 
thi;  scutum,  the  seutelluni,  the  metatliorax,  and  the  nl' 'imen ; 
sdiiietimeH  with  slifrht  indieations  of  l)rown,  sometimes  without 
any.  The  colorinfj^  of  the  winf::.s  is  ulso  uiriable,  the  fuscous 
tiiiire  of  the  anterior  marj^in  and  the  clouds  on  tin  ross-veins 
hciiiLT  sometimes  very  i)ale.  Still,  a  trace  of  the  lirown  tiiiu'e  of 
the  luiterior  margin  of  the  wings  and  a  brown  ring  on  the  anterior 
jiurt  of  the  eollare,  near  the  Lead,  are  always  left,  and  help  to 
recognize  the  species. 

The  venation  of  tins  species  i.s  also  very  variable.  In  the  ma- 
jorily  <!  specimens  the  first  subniarginal  cell  is  shorter  than  the 
.s^ccond  (Tab.  IF,  lig.  If))  ;  in  other  words,  it  is  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  which  is  forked.  Sonietinu's  (in  two  specinicns  among 
cii.diteen)  the  reverse  is  the  case  ;  it  is  the  third  vein  which  is  fork- 
ed, and  hence  the  first  subniargiiml  cell  is  longer  than  the  second. 

In  U(irmal  specimens  the  second  po>it  -ior  cell  is  sessile;  in 
riitlier  rare  cases  it  is  petiolate.  The  di-cal  cell,  in  the  majority 
of  specimens,  is  closcil ;  in  three  specimens  among  eighteen  I 
find  it  open.  The  position  of  the  great  cross-vein  is  also  som  • 
what  variable  ;  sometimes  it  is  oj)iiositc  the  inner  end  of  the 
discal  cell,  sometimes  bej'ond  it.  The  presence  of  a  stump  of  a 
vein,  usually  long  and  distinct,  near  the  basis  of  the  prtefurca,  is 
a  very  constant  character  of  this  species.  Adventitious  cross- 
veins  in  the  second  subniarginal  cell  are  of  frecpient  occurrence ; 
sometimes  two  or  three  in  .succession.  Occasionally  they  occur 
also  in  other  cells,  for  instance  in  the  second  posterior  cell.  ('i'ab. 
II,  fig.  1.5,  represents  a  strongly  colored  wing  of  A.  wronntans 
with  two  adventitious  cross-veins  in  the  second  subniarginal  cell.) 

Ilab.  Atlantic  States,  I'ather  common  in  the  spring;  I  have 
collected  it  in  abundance  at  the  Virginia  Springs  and  iu  the 
White  Mountains  ;  also  near  Washington  and  Xcw  York. 

I  possess  two  specimens  from  Europe  which  are  sinular,  in  all 
respects,  to  the  paler  varieties  of  A.  inconsta)ift.  The  description 
of  A.  (iintJina  Egger  (Sehiner's  Fauna  Aui<fria(:a,  Diplrra,  II, 
p.  .'iiis).  agrees  fpiite  w(dl  M'ith  these  ^>peciniens.  The  (picstiorj 
arises  whether  A.  tipuUna  is  distinct  from  A.  liUoralis  Mcig.  ? 


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MI'TKUA  OF  N'OUTII  AMKHK'A, 


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I'AIST  IV. 


^it  A.  aill'ipeiilliA  O.  S.  %. — Fuscnna,  alls  inimncnlatis,  vcnulis 
trim>vi'isiH  ciMitralibus  aiigUHte  fi  sco-iuaigiiiatirt  ;  ct'Uiila  siiluiiar^iiuilis 
prima  khc-uikIiI  ])aruiii  brevior. 

Bniwiiish,  wings  iinmaculatH,  central  croas-veins  sliijlitly  olonilt'.l  witli 
brown  ;  tliu  tir.st  siibniari,inai  cell  ifi  a  littlu  ^liurtcr  tlian  tliu  sim  iin.l. 
Long.  Corp.  ('.5. 

Syn.   .\>iiiil<i;iis  nun'/iinnis  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  I'hil.  IS.'n,  p.  247. 


liiillii 


1... 


Head  ;rrnyis!i,  vortex  .'^lightly  hrownisli  in  the  middle 
bnnvii,  soniewliat  pjile  at  tiio  itasis ;  aiitcmia'  very  sliort,  1 
four  basal  joints  yellowish,  tlie  remainder  liniwidsli ;  Joint,- 
the  fourth   to  the  tenth  short,  t-rowded,  gradually  altenualcd  |. 
wards   the   tip,   wliere  they  have  verv  long   verticils. 


IViiia 


Imriix 


prayish  aluivo,  with  three  brown  stripes;  the  int<'rnie(li:ite  din' 
broad,  bilid  posteriorly;  pleura',  seutellum,  v.^.l  nu-tathorax  uiny- 
ish  ;  halteres  pale  ;  coxa;  pale  ;  feet  |>ale  tawny,  tips  of  the  Iriiinia 


infuseated  ;  those  of  the  tiltiie  and  tarsi  lik"wis( 


lur; 


tilt  of  the  tibiio  distinct,  of  moderate  lenjith.      Abdomen  1 


'1 
with  a  sjtarse  yellowish  i)ubescenc( 


al    llir 
il'iiW  II, 


niartriii 


)f  til 


e   seu'iiM'iil- 


and  venter  paler.  Wings  unilbrndy  tinged  with  y''llowi,<h  ;  oiIk  r- 
wise  hyaline,  their  surface  shining ;  ii  narrow,  inconspiciiini- 
brown  cloud  along  the  central  cross-veins;  similar  clouds  ;ii  ihr 
origin  of  the  jtra-furca,  the  nnirginal  cross-vein,  and  the  lip  ufiln' 
auxiliary  vein  ;  stigma  pale.  iL^dn'ostal  cross-vein  anliiiur  in 
the  origin  of  the  pnel'urea  by  not  more  than  o'le  leiigtli  of  thr 
great  cross-vein  ;  origin  of  the  jira'furca  with  a  stump  of  a  vrin: 


the  first  subnnirginal  cell  is  very  little  shorter  than  the  second 


P' 


tiole  ijcing  verv  short,  sometinu's  ol)solete  ;  the  anterior  1 


iriiiHii 


of  tlie  second  vein  is  arcuated  at  its  Itasis,  as  usual  ;   otherwi.-r, 
the  course  of  botii  branches  (tf  this  vein  and  of  the  lliii'd  v(  in  i> 
straight;   thodiscal  cell  i.s  closed,  and  the  second  posterior  ct  II 
(in  the  (tnly  specimen  in  my  possession)  is  [ictittlate. 
JInh.    .Massachusetts  (Seudder)  ;   a  single  nnile. 


This  species  seems  to  be  very  like  the  European  .1.  or, 
Meig.  ;  only  the  latter  has  an  open  Uiscul  cell,  and   its  ['< 


■II 1 1 II 
urtli 


tosterior  cell  is  sessile. 


3.  A.  calcar  O.  S.  %  and  9  •— f^chrac*>a,  tliornco  rnfesrentc  :  ;ili-i 
unicol  ribus  ;  celliila  subuiarginalis  jtrinia  secumlu  longior  ;  tibianiiii 
calcaribus  longia-sculis. 

Ocliraceous,  thorax  reddish  ;   wings  unicolorous  ;   first  snbmarginal  ctn 


AMALdl'lS. 


20  0 


loiiL'or  than  tlie  second  (Tab.  II,  fig.  14)  ;  spurs  of  the  tilise  rather  long. 
Loiiu.  corp.  t>.4r) — 0.,').'). 

Sy.N.   Amalopis  culear  0.  Sackk.n,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  I&.'jO,  p.  247. 

Frniit  and  vortex  grayish;  oi>istonia  brownish  f^ray  ;  palj)! 
vellow  atth»,'  basis,  two  hist  joints  int'uscatctl  ;  antenniu  yi-llowisii, 
iiil'ii.-cati'tl  sit  tlic  tip  ;  joints  of  the  fhifjft'lliini,  cxci-jjt  llie  iirst, 
siiurt  siilR-yHiKhMcal,  with  sliort  verticils  ;  lincly  imbcsccnt  on  tlio 
iiiidtr  side.  Tiiorax  yellow;  four  reddish  or  brownish-red,  often 
indistinct,  stripes  ;  lialteres  jiale  ;  coxie  and  liasis  of  tiio  fenmra 
pale  vcllow;  feet  yoliowish-lirown  or  brownisii-yellow,  tip  of  tlie 
larsi  darker;  the  spurs  at  tiic  tip  of  the  til)ia%  and  especially  of 
tliu  liiiid  ones,  are  longer  than  usual  in  this  species,  divaricated. 
AliiioiiK'u  yellowisli  at  tiio  basis,  more  brownish  towards  tlu'  lip. 
especially  in  the  male.  Wings  liyaline,  with  a  slight  yellowish 
tinire ;  stigma  pale;  the  distance  between  the  sul)eostal  cross-vein 
and  tlie  origin  of  tlie  pra;l'iirca  is  al)out  efpuil  to  tlie  length  of  the 
fri'cat  cross-vein;  the  second  sulimarginal  cell  is  shorter  than  the 
first  ;  tlie  sectmd  posterior  cell  is  usually  jietiolate  ;  discal  cell 
generally  closed  (the  venation  is  rej)resente(l,  Tab.  II,  fig.  14). 

JIdh.  Massachusetts;  Upper  Wisconsin  Iliver ;  White  Moun- 
tains, N.  If.,  where  .1  found  it  in  aliuiidaiice  in  June.  It  seems  to 
he  a  rather  uorlhern  species,  as  I  never  found  it  near  Washington. 

4.  .4.  liyperborea  0.  S.  % . — Pusca,  alls  fusco-macnlatis  ;  vcnuhi 
suiifiiiuiiioiaiia  tran><versa  in  cellula  basali  secundu  ;  cellula  subniargi- 
iialis  prima  secunda  loiigior. 

Brown,  wings  spotted  with  V)rown ;  a  supernumerary  cross-vein  in  the 
luitlille  of  tlie  second  basal  cell ;  tlie  first  subniarginal  cell  is  longer  than 
till'  second.     Long.  Corp.  0.45. 

f'vx.   Aiitalopts  hypedmrin  0.  Sackk\,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18i;i.  p.  2!I2. 

The  (jiily  specimen  in  my  possession  lieing  spoiled  by  mould, 
till'  rnlliiwiiig  description  is  somewhat  ineoinplete  : — 

body  brownish,  antenna'  brown;  feet  brownish,  liasis  of  the 
ft'iimra  paler,  tip  of  the  femora  and  of  the  lil)i;e  iiifiiscated  ;  tarsi 
dark  lirowii  towards  the  end;  halteres  infuscated  in  the  miildle  ; 
tli'ir  basis,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  knob  yellow.  Second 
siil.iiiarginal  cell  much  shorter  than  tlie  first,  its  jietifdi!  being 
<"iiiiiaratively  long,  but  little  shorter  than  the  pra-furca  ;  the  latter 
i>  comparatively  short,  strongly  arcuated  at  the  basis,  and  with 
19 


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mi'TKIlA  OF  NORTH  AMEIIICA. 


[I'AItT  IV. 


iiii  iil)!i(|ii{'  stuiiip  of  a  vein  ;  sulitMjstal  cross-vein  niitcri.ir  td  the 
oriii'iii  iif  tlic  prii'l'iircii  hy  aliDut  luiir  Ifiifjrtlis  of  tlic  great  erii.*>. 
vein  ;  the  fniirtli  jtostoriur  ecil  has  its  inner  cnil  a  little  befitre  the 
middle  of  the  diseal  eell  ;  a  superntiMierafV  eross-vein  in  tlic 
;niddle  of  the  second  ^)asa!  cell.  AVinirs  rather  broail,  with  !i 
sli;rlit  brownish-yellow  tinjre  and  iiunieroiis  Itrown  spots;  there 
are  seven  laru'cr  spots  along  the  anterior  niar<rin  (one  at  the 
linnieral  cross-vein,  ancMher  a  little  Ix-yond  it,  a  third  at  the  >ul)- 
costal  cross-vein,  a  larjro  spot  at  the  ori<rin  of  the  pru'fnrca,  tin.' 
followinj^  three  at  the  tips  of  the  au.xiliary,  first  and  see(»nd  hiiiui- 
tndinal  veins);  similar,  but  smaller  spots  at  the  tips  of  the  viins 
along  the  i)osterior  margin,  beginning  »vitli  th(-  posterior  end  uf 
the  fork  inclosing  the  second  jtosterior  cell  ;  Itrov.n  clouds  in  the 
a.xillary  and  spurious  cells,  near  the  posterior  margin;  a  sput  :it 
the  inner  end  of  the  second  basal  cell ;  cross-veins  and  inner  emls 
of  the  forks  elmided  with  brown  ;  the  middle  of  the  second  ,-uli- 
marginal  cell  clouded. 

I/fih.    Tialirador;  a  single  male. 

Oh.-crrf/lioii.  In  reading  over  the  descriptions  of  the  Liitmnhin 
in  I'rof.  Zetlersteclt's  /)ijih'rn  Sr(iii<liiioria ,  Vol.  X,  with  the  \  ii  w 
of  locating  as  much  as  jjossible  all  ti.e  anomalous  species,  I  lintict' 
the  description  of  Liiniiobia  vdrim'i  cia  Zelt.  (I.  c.  p.  .')Nl;i),  iVniii 
Norway,  which  agrees  in  many  points  with  ^1.  Jii/jicrliorrd.  It  i; 
certainly  an  AiiKihipix,  and  j>ossibly  the  same  species  as  .1.  Injinr- 
borcn.     A.  variitcrvls  has  the  disc.'al  cell  (piite  often  oi)eii. 

lit  A.  vernal  is  0.  S.  %  and  9-  —  Fiiscana,  ab's  fusco-iiiacnlati.*; 
ct'lliila  sulmiarginalis  prima  i- jciindi  loiigior ;  cellula  posterior  iiiiaita 
longa,  Hessili.-?, 

Brownisli,  wiiiirs  with  brown  spots;  tl.e  first  ."sulnuarginal  coll  is  loiijcr 
than  the  sccoml ;  fourth  posterior  cell  long,  sessile.    Lont;.  corp.  0.:!— e.4. 

Syx.   Amiilojiis  vcniiilix  O.  Sackkn,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  ISdl,  p.  -:'l. 

Head  brownish-gray,  front  somewhat  infuscated  in  the  iniiMl'*. 
palpi  brown  ;  ante'sme  not  much  longer  than  the  head,  brown.  i«i 
basal  joints  i>aler;  flagellmn  stout  at  the  l)asis,  Joints  very  -li"ii. 
their  n\ibescenc(>  short.  Thorax  grayish-yellow  above,  wiili  fnir 
brown  stripes  ;  the  intermediate  ones  separate*!  by  a  deliciitr  liin': 
])leur:D  and  metathorax  brown,  with  a  grayish  bloom  ;  liahii'  - 
pale,  the  middle  of  the  stem,  and  the  basis  of  the  knul)  intiiMatcd 


pKimiA. 


i2Tl 


,\l)(l()tncn  brown,  litlcrnl  ami  posicrjdr  inaririiis  of  tlic  scirnifiits 
jiiilf  ;  riiali'  Ion-ops  ami  tlio  l»asi«.-  of  tlif  o\  i|H(sit(ir  yclluwisli.  l-'ccr 
Ijrowiiisli,  )talt!  at  tlu'  basis;  spurs  at  thr  tip  of  tlic  tiitiu'  very 
small.  Wiiiji's  faintly  tinjri'il  witii  bruwni>li  ;  >i.\  nr  seven  pale 
liiDwii  cluinls  aJoMjjf  the  anterior  niaririn,  ami  snniller  eioudft  at 
till'  tips  of  "llie  veins  aloi;;^  the  p(»>terior  niarjrin  ;  ern>s-vein>  ami 
iiimr  emls  of  tlic  forks  likewise  elnmled.  The  nio>t  striking 
iV'iitiin'  of  the  venation  is  the  h.-nL'th  of  the  fonrlh  posterior  cell, 
the  inner  eml  of  whieh  is  in  one  line  with  the  inm-r  emls  of  tli(! 
lit'tli  posterior  and  of  the  diseul  cell;  the  .-eeond  >nlnnarginal  cell 
is  shorter  than  the  lirst  ;  the  jtetiole  of  the  former  is  not  half  so 
loiiLf  as  the  prii'fnrea  ;  the  oritrin  of  the  pra-furea  has  a  stnnip  of 
a  vein  ;  the  second  posterior  cell  is  usinilly  sessile,  sonniimt'S 
petiolate  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  anterior  to  the  origin  of  the 
priefiirea  Iiy  three  or  four  len'rths  of  the  irreat  cross-vein. 

lldl).  Whito  Mountains,  >.  II  ,  iu  June;  Washington,  D.  C, 
early  in  the  spring. 

Oen.  XXXVI.    PKDICl.t. 

Two  sulnnaiginnl  cells  :  five  jjosterinr  t-flls  :  (liscal  cell  closed  ;  the  puli- 
cnst.ll  cross-vein  is  nearly  opposite  or  a  slmrt  ili>taiiie  lii-tore  tln'  (iriu'iu 
of  tlie  secoiiil  loii<;itu<liiial  vein.  l>ut  a  loiii:  distance  tx  fore  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein;  the  first  siiliiii;'ri.'inal  cell  is  lonui-r  than  the  second  :  the 
ct'iitial  cross-Veins  run  in  a  very  (ililii|ne  direction,  almost  j>arallel  to 
the  poster.  •  martin  ;  the  latter  is  somewhat  sinuated  in  the  male,  near 
the  api'x  of  the  wing,  which  is  thus  ilrawn  out  in  a  jwiint,  instcul  of  liein;; 
MUiided,  as  usual.  Tihiic  witli  sj>urs  at  the  tip  :  enipodia  distinct ;  nni.'ues 
sniooih.  Kyes  puhescent  ;'  front  with  a  sma'.l  L'ihhosity  ;  the  anteniiaj 
I'jjiiiiited,  short.  Male  forceps  somewliat  club-shaped,  with  large  horny 
apitendages. 

This  genus  is  very  closely  allied  to  Ainnh->pi.<,  and  besides  the 
liu'ger  size  and  the  striking  coloring,  whii'li  give  it  a  iieeiiliarly 
distinguished  a.'^pcct,  I  can  discover  oidy  the  following  dilVerences: 
1.  The  last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  (lagelliforin,  and  from  one(>  and  'i 

(|iiarter  to  once  atid   a   half  the  length  of  the  tin "preeeding 

.ioints  taken  together  (in  the  sju'cies  of  Atiinli>i,i.<.  whieli  1  have 
ol)scrved  when  alive,  the  last  joint  was  less  in  length  than  the  two 
preceding  taken  together).  2.  The  central  cross-veins  (in  this 
ia*ie  the  small  ami  the  great  cross-vein,  and,  between  them,  the 
cids.s-vein  forming  the  inner  end  of  the  di.scal  cell)  are  in  a  straight 


.*■ .  > 


1 

iiis 

-f  »:    ,.     ■          '„ 

i-V  -  • 

^M'^' 

^Si  '•     * 

L'  ■ '  - 

>« 


n  > 


7^. 


'  The  pubescence  is  often  rubbed  olT  in  dry  specimens. 


07*2 


DIPTKKA  OF  NOKTIJ  AMKIUCA. 


[r- 


A  III'  IV 


if 


|Hl:'i 


lino  which  runs  more  iil)li(iu<'Iy  tlmn  iii  anv  spccivs  of  Ani(ilnj,i.<^ 
and  if  jtrohmjrcd,  woiiM  tuna  u  vi'ry  acutt-  aii<ri(.'  with  thv  lini' 
of  the  aiitt-riur  mar;--!!!  ;  in  Ainaldjiiy  the  line  uf  tlie  eentral  •I'.i.-s- 
vrins  is  nearly  at  rijrht  aniulcs  with  the  anterior  margin,  ur  ai 
least  at  a  niueh  less  aeute  aii^He.  .'!.  The  posterior  niaruin  uf  ih,. 
■\\in<^  is  sonn-what  excised  towards  the  api'X  in  sneli  a  niniiiK  r 
that  the  wing  is  not  numded  at  the  tip.  I)nt  sctniewhat  pointtMl, 
the  ]>oint  heinj^  directed  Itackwards;  this  character  l)elonfis  in  ih,. 
male  sex  oidy  ;  in  the  fennde  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  roundel.  a< 
usual.  4.  The  wings  are  kept  divaricate,  when  in  repo.se,  win  i 
the  species  of  Amalopix  usually  fold  the  ni. 


■(■as 


These  characters  an;  harelv  sudicient  tt)  establish  a  cl 


;iiiu  til 


generic   separation,  and   the   genus  Vrilicin,  delineij    in    -~\\v\\  u 
manner  as  to  include  all  the  species  of  Amalopif,  would  not  liau; 


)een  an  uiiiia 


tural 


one. 


'['he  forceps  of  the  male,  ))uilt  \\]wn  the  same  plan  as  tluit  i.f 
AiiKilopiti,  has  large,  horny  nitpendages,  ]troJecting  in  a  curved 
point  a  hove  ;  the  ovipositor  is  comparatively  short,  modeniii'lv 
hroad  at  the  Itasis,  pointeil  at  the  tip;  the  shorter  l(»wer  valves 
have,  on  the  inside,  a  fringe  of  recundtent,  strong  hristles. 

A  single  European  and  a  single  North  American  spedcs  ,,f 
Pidiria  are  known,  and  hoth  are  so  much  alike  that  it  i 


'('((luris  a 


li'iiiii 


dose  comparison  to  distinguish  them.  i'.  mtUcrmitHi  Walk 
Xova  Scotia,  is  very  prol)aljly  oidy  a  variety  of  P.  alhirit/a;  /'. 
rirosa  shows  occasionally  the  same  ahnormity.  /'.  qnirHi^ 
"Walker  {Lixf,  etc.  I,  p.  o7),  from  an  unknown  locality,  teems  to 
be  a  distinct  species. 

Pi-ilicia  inlial)its  marshy  woods;  Pr.  Schiner  (Fr///»«  .ics//-. 
/)//(/.  11,  p.  r)27)  observed  it  also  in  mountainous  regions  uiioii 
willow  trees,  so  high  that  the  net  could  not  reach  them.  The 
larva  has  be(>n  observed  by  Schefl'er,  in  well-water  (llossi,  ,S'</s7'  m. 
Vvrz.  etc.  p.  D). 

This  genus  was  first  intiodnced  by  Latreille,  in  ISOO  {(IrDira 
Criit^f.  I'f  Iiifcclor.  Vol.  IV,  ]>.  2")")),  who  placed  it  among  tin.' 
Tipuliibr  lonifijxilpi.  The  relationship  of  Pcdicia  and  A))i(ih'j'i\< 
has  been  first  pointed  out  by  mo  in  Pruc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  P/tilaJ. 
Lsr.'.t,  p.  24(;. 

The  name  may  perhaps  be  derived  from  rtrS^ov,  a  field. 

Oharrratinn.  In  two  male  specimens  of  1*.  alhirif/a  which  I 
have  before  ma,  I  perceive  something  very  like  a  pair  of  ocelli  uu 


iH,.- 


ir 


Ui>:i  !  i- 


I'l    1  -•   '  » ■:  •  • 


,  > 


PKDICIA. 


27:) 


tin'  rroiit.  Very  iiciir  \hv  Imsis  of  tlic  niitcnna\  I  do  not  sec  llicm, 
li.iwivtr,  nil  iln-  trout  of'u  rciiiiih'  7'.  riri),<fi,  wliicli  I  can  likewise 
(•(iiii|iiin'.  Tliis  iiiiiv  Itr  uwiiijr  to  sliriiikii<j-(.'.  I'liliria  and  'J'rtClin- 
n  ni  \Miiild  llius  alVui'd  the  only  kuuwii  in»tauuos  of  ocelli  auKiiig 
the  Tijinliitff. 

1.  I*,  alliivitta  Wai.k.     %  and  9'-"Alis  liyalinis,  costA,  venS,  loiigi- 
tU'liiiiili  ijuiiita  «t  vemilis  traiisver«is  ceiitralil)us  fus(.otiiar<;ii)atis. 

WiiiL's  liyaliiu) ;  tlin  costa.  tlic  littli  loiiuitiuliiial  vein,  and  the  central  cross- 
vi'iiis  tiiargineil  with  lirowii.     l.oiig.  coi-p.  1.2 — 1.4. 

Sv.N.  Pidiiin  iill:li  itta  Wm.kkk,   l,ist,  ete.  Vol.  I,  p.  37.— 0.  Sacke.n,  Proc. 
Ac.  Nat.  ?:c.  I'hil.  l>\>\),  p.  248. 

Head  and  palpi  brown,  the  former  with  a  prrayish  Mooni ;  aii- 
tciiiiiu  n'lt  much  lonjrer  than  the  head,  yellowitih-hrown  ;  llajreiluin 
!-t(iiit  at  the  l)asis,  irradnally  attenuated.  Thora.\  pale  l)rown, 
with  a  silverv  irrav  rellection;  a  brown  doiil)le  strii»e  in  the 
iiiiildic  aliove,  and  less  distiin.'t  stripes  on  the  sides;  another 
liniwii  stripe  runs  from  the  eollare  to  the  root  of  the  winjrs,  and 
frniii  there  to  the  hind  co.xtL'.  AI)donien  with  a  row  of  l)rown 
spots  on  live  se<rnients  ;  tiiey  are  elon<rated  and  pointed  ))eiiin(l, 
with  a  yellowish-red  spot  at  the  basis  of  each  ;  the  renuiiinnjr 
pdrlioii  of  their  intervals  i.s  silvery  white;  venter  with  a  lonjri- 
tiidinal  brown  band,  interrupted  by  a  reddish  tinjic  at  tlie  in- 
ei<uns  of  the  segments,  and  somewhat  attenuated  in  the  middh; 
of  each  segment ;  tip  of  the  abdomen  browiush.  Feet  stout, 
hairy,  femora  tawny  ;  their  tips  brown  ;  til)iie  and  tarsi  brown. 
AViiigs  hyaline;  a  brown  band  along  the  costa,  another  along  the 
fifth  longitudinal  cell  ;  they  coalesce  at  Ihe  inner  end  of  the  basal 
cells,  and  are  connected  by  a  cro(-s-I>and  along  the  central  cross- 
vein  ;  the  band  along  the  costa  is  yellowish  in  the  costal  cell,  ajid 
suiiiewhat  e.\pande(l  round  the  origin  of  the  prtvfurca. 

//'//'.  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.  ;  New  London,  Conn.  ;  Massa- 
dnisetts  (Mr.  Scudder).  This  species  seems  to  be  chiefly  north- 
•'I'li ;  I  have  seen  a  specimen,  however,  which  was  said  to  have 
heeii  caught  in  Maryland. 

i\t  first  sight,  this  species  looks  very  like  tlie  European  P. 

rirnsa  L.  ;  still  the  longitudinal  brown  band  along  the  abdomen, 

in  till'  latter,  seems  to  be  more  continuous,  and  not  composed  of  a 

scries  (if  spots.     A   careful   comparison  of  a  larger  number  of 

18     October,  1868. 


I 


If 


!►■ 


f,, 


:  n 


2T4 


DII'TERA  OF  NORTFf  AMEUrrA. 


[l-AIM    IV. 


s|M-ciiii('ri:i  Wftiild  i)r(»l)iil)ly  (liscloso  .souu'  uUk  r  (lillVrciK  rs.     Tin- 
l»icliirt'  ol'  llio  wings  is  llic  s>aiiiL'. 


mi 


■:'!  ' 


t . 


W:- 


.1  ■  ■  - 


r;i 


•1  ■::■■  i 


'■*-ti  ■ 


i  t , 


i^'f 


Gen.  XXXVII.    II.A. 

Two  Hiiljiiiargiuiil  ttell.s  ;  four  jiostwrior  cflls  ;  a  ilisc.il  cell  ;  tin;  siiincstal 
crosH-vfiii  is  a  consideraliln  distance  anterior  to  tin-  (Mi;:iii  of  tlic  mthii.! 
voiii;  tiiH  lattt-r  i-i  near  the  niidiUe  of  the  Iciiulh  of  tlie  wiiiL'.  ir/,../< 
siir/dci:  (if' the  iriii;)  /im  li/  jiiiId .in  iil.  Tiliia' witli  dist'iict  sjnirs  ;  i'iii]iiii|i,i 
distinct,  i'lyes  inihc-cciit  ;  no  striking  gibbosity  on  the  front ;  aniruii.i' 
17-jointed  ;   lirst  joint  unusually  short. 

'riio  eyes  iifo  rt'inotc,  hciiifi*  scparatcil  on  tin.'  u|)|M'r  >'\dv  nt'tlic 
lic'iid  by  11  riitliiT  IhmumI  IVunt  ;  on  the  iinilcr  side  tlicy  nrr  idii- 
liguons;  tlic;  i'nmt,  even  in  IVcsli  spcciiia'ns,  ddcs  ntil  slmw  ihc 
giiihosity  visildc  in  tiie  otlicr  fi'iMiiTii  of  Aiitnlnjiiini.  Itn-lnim 
sonu'wliiit  i»r(»l()n<i"tMl,  cylindrical,  Itiit  slmrtcr  tlnin  llii'  IhihI; 
palpi  clitngatcd,  slender;  last  joint  I'Innualed,  Init  imt  strikingly 
jinddiigcd.  Antciuiiu  IT-jninted  (I  have  conntcd  the  Jdint-  nf  a 
fresh  specimen  (jf  IJIa  chytinx,  ?);  they  are  comparatively  juipjir 
tiian  tin)se  of  ^linalojiix  and  J'nlirid,  and,  if  Itcnl  liackwMiil-, 
would  reach  the  root  of  the  wino;s,  even  in  iVniale  specimens;  \\\r 
iirst  joint  is  rcmarUaltly  short  (the  fresh  specimen  of  C.  ch(iiiii<,  ?, 
observed  by  me,  had  this  joint  shorter  than  the  second,  dillieiili  in 
perceive  on  account  of  its  sniallness)  ;  the  joints  of  the  fla'ji  llimi 
are  elonu:ated,  sid)cylindrical,  clothed  on  the  under  side  wiih  a 
distinct  pultescence,  more  dense  in  tlu;  iinde,  and  jn'ovided  wiili 
moderately  long  verticils.  'J'he  collare  is  moderately  dcvcIii|Md; 
thoracic  suture  well  nmrked  ;  the  depression  l)et  ween  it  ami  ilic 
scutelliim  shallow.  Feet  of  moderate  length,  linely  pnlux'iit : 
fore  tarsi  a  little  longer,  hind  tarsi  a  little  shorter  than  the  cnrn- 
sponding  tibiiu ;  the  spurs  of  the  latter  are  small,  but  distimi: 
ompodia  rather  large.  The  wings  are  finely  and  evenly  pnli(>ciiit 
on  the  whole  surface;  those  of  the  female  are  broader  than  tli^M' 
of  the  male.  The  subcostal  cross-vein  is  placed  before  the  inidilli' 
of  the  length  of  the  wing,  at  nn)re  or  less  distance  from  the  orJL'iii 
of  the  second  longitudiiml  vein,  and  nearer  to  the  root  of  the  uiii.^ 
than  the  tip  of  the  seventh  longitmlinal  vein;  the  orig'n  of  tlii' 
second  vein  is  near  the  middle  of  the  wing,  a  little  more  di-iniit 
from  the  root  of  the  wing  than  the  tip  of  the  seventli  hmgitmlii. 
vein;  ])ra'furca  com))aratively  long  (much  longer  than  in  l)irrn- 
nola  and  the  two  genera  allied  to  it),  angidar,  and  often  wiiii  ;i 


■in . 


M,A. 


'2iO 


stiiinp  "if  a  vein  near  tlic  basis;   tlic  rciiiaiiKlcr  of  its  course  ju-r- 

fccilv  stnii<rlit  ;   the   siiiull   cruss-vcin   is  opposilt'   tin'  tip  nf  iIk; 

sixili  vein  ;  the  sccoiwl  siil)iiiarfriiinl  <'rll  is  ((ftlio  saint'  loiij^tli  with 

the  first  pnstcrior  n-ll,  (tr  very  iniirly  so;  i!s  basis  is  pdiiiteil ;  tlit; 

lir.-t  siil»iiiarj;iiial  cell  is  a  little  shorter  tliaii  the  secoiul,  ity  petiole 

Ijriiiir  as  loii^  iis  the  j^reat  cross-vein,  or  a  litth^  shorter;  the  course 

of  ihe  veins,  bonlcrini^  these  cells,  is  almost  straijrht ;  the  inaririnal 

cniss-veiii  irf  very  near  the  tip  of  the  first  loniritmlinal  vein,  which 

is  nearly  ojtposile  the  tip  of  the  last  Itraneh  of  the  fourth  lon.ui- 

liiijiiial  vi'in  ;   tho  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  nearly  opposite  the 

hii-i-,  of  tiie  first  suiiniarjriiuil  ceil.     'I'he  discal  cell  is  moderately 

elmiLrated  ;    inirrower   at    the*    basis   than   towards   the   tip;    the 
I  <,i.,i  i\r,,u\  ....^t, .•■;..•.  ....II.'  .,('•,.... ..K'  .....I..I  I. ......I I,  .  <i...  ....■....« 


AiiKilnjiis ;  the  constant  ])rescnce  of  a  discal  cell,  the  leiiji'th  of  the 
jinetwrca,  and  the  nuinljer  of  joiiit.s  of  llio  anti'uiiiu  separate  it 
hum  Pirninoia  and  the  two  j^-encra  related  to  it. 

lifsides  the  two  North  ^Vinerican  species  dcscrii>ed  l)elow,  there 
iip'  two  or  three  European  ones;  the  Kuropt.'an  f'/u  j>)l<i.<n  Stan, 
i-  very  like  the  North  American  L'.  /Kuijirra  :  and  there;  e.\i.->ts  an 
iiiiilcscril)ed  European  species  closely  reseiiililiiif?  I',  rlriitnis.  The 
two  >pecies  referred  by  .Mr.  Schiner  to  this  <:einis  :  .<iirni-<iil<i  /ctt. 
and  jii/ir<jrnis  Zett.  {/>ijit.  l^iaiiil.   N,  p.  ;iss')  and  oSSs),   I   do 


Hut 


uiow 


)»ut  as  Mr.  Zetterstedt  di>tiiictlv  mentions,  in  the  de- 


ription  of  1 


lis  LniiDd 


hid  pH 


iconiif,  that  tiie  sul)eostal  cross-vein 


is  at  the  tip  of  the  aii.xiliary  vein  (tli(!  e.\prc>-ioii :   "  nerviis  loip^'i- 


tiiiliiuilis    primus    apice 


bilidu^ 


III 


that 


aiillior  s   terniino 


loM-v, 


iiii'iiiis  iiothiiifr  •'l.'^t').  ''''*'  sp«'fit'^  cannot  well  be  f'hi.  It  is  more 
proliably  an  i'lotunrii/id.  Chi  has  also  been  di>covered  in  aiiilier; 
Jliij'hjiiciira  hirtijtrnnis  Luew  {/Jcnh-'lcin   a.   J'urii^lcini'aiinii), 


i'h^  i 


f 
li 


fii 


IP'  w 


iiiriKKA  (»K  Noinir  amkkka. 


I'M* 


['• 


Alii    IV. 


of  which    I   have  ^t•(•ll   the   ul'ijfiiiul   spcL-iiiu'ii,  is  uiidouldidU  m, 
riii. 

The  jiciiii^  ria  (friiiii  ovX'ij,  Sufi)  was  first  iiitrtxluci'ti  hv  Mr. 
Jliiliday,  ill  Is;;:;  (A'/i/fi/d.  Maijaz.  I,  p.  l.'i:)),  fur  C  pUiisa  Sliiii. 
( / '.  mnlliKninia  Jlal.).  Mac'(|uai't  Innix  tliis  hjn'cics  for  a  ('i/lni- 
tlfi'lniiiii   {('.  uKirriijilcni   .Ma((|.  ;   cuinp^m',   liowt-viT,  alioiit   ll 


IIS 


.';yiioiiyiiiy.  ihc  n-iiiaik  uiith'i'  thi;  hoad  uf  the  ('i/lindriilnninin 
liflnw).  Mr.  I.ioy,  ovt-rltiokiiij;  the  c.xi.stciicf  of  tlic  ^rcnu-  /'//;, 
rslaltlislicd  for  this  species  th<!  freiiii.s  JA/'ro/Zc/Yr  ( Lioy,  Alii  Insl. 
I'rii.  '.'A  .<er.  Isi;;;,  \'nl.  IX,  |>.  '2'2i).  The  iiosiiiotiof  t'ln  niiioiiir 
the  AiiKil'ijiiiKi  (I'rdirin  I'unnia  oliiii),  liascd  upon  the  puhc>nii(c 
of  its  eyes,  tlie  position  of  the  siihco.stal  cros.^-vcin,  etc.,  has  hcin 
))oiiite  I  (lilt,  liy  iiie  ill  ls."»0  {I'ruc.  At(ul.  Xal.  Sd.  J'/iiluil.  l>.V,i, 
p.  I'.i'.t). 

Tin-  hirva'  iiihahit  fiiiij:!,  iiml  Iiave  hecii  oliscrvcd  hy  Slaimiiis 
{/Irilr.  :.  iliiltnn.  Slid.  p.  "-'()."»)  aiitl  Pcrris  (.!/*/(.  Sor.  KnUnn.  il, 
Fraixc,  Isnt,  p.  o.'il,  Tal*.  \'ll,  fifT.  4).  Staniiius,  wiio  Iviinil 
tile  hirva  of  I'lit  j)ilii.<(i  ill  an  A'lurifHK,  nii'i'ciy  says  tliat  it  i-  very 
ii!<c  that  of  fjinitiiiliiii  ,i(inllin/ilir(t  (compare  above,  p.  Mi). 
Terris  I'oiiiid  the  same  larva  in  I/i/'Imnn  vriiKiccmn.  Aecdiiliiii; 
to  his  account  it  has  nhm;;'  the  sides  siiort,  erect  rechiish  hair^;  in 
otiier  respects,  its  cliaraeters  seem  to  ajrree  e.xactly  with  those  uf 
the  otiier  tipulideous  hirvte.  The  pupa  state  was  assumed  uinki- 
jrroiimh 


')  ■:  ■ 


vl^i 


,K 


\i  'iA 


H 


ii 


1.   I'.  ol«*gaiis,  11.  sp. 

iii.-U'ulati.s. 


9.  —  Ciiierea,  abclominu  fusco  ;   alls  fiisoo- 


(inuisli  ;    abilomen  brownish;   wings  spotted  with  brown.     Long.  corp. 
(t.:IG. 

Head  jrray,  palpi  brown;  nntonna!  brown,  pnlor  at  the  base 
Tile  lihiek  eroiiiid-cohir  of  the  thorax  aliovo  is  entirely  eonceiiliil 
under  a  tiiick  frniy  bloom;  strijies  liardly  perceptible;  pliiino 
t;li"htlv  hoarv.  JIalteres  vellowish.  Abdomen  pale  brov.ii  ;  hi^l 
sejrment  paler;  ovipositor  short,  broad,  curved.  Feet  l)l•owlli^ll, 
darker  towards  the  end.  AVin<rs  witii  a  brown  spot  on  tlie  oiiiiin 
of  the  ])riefiirca,  a  brown  band  between  the  costa  and  the  lit'ili 
vein,  aloiifr  tii<!  central  cross-veins  ;  brown  clouds  at  the  tip  of  tlie 
first  loiijriliidinal  vein  and  at  the  inner  end  of  the  second  mihI 
third  jiosterior  cells;  fifth  longitudinal  cell  margined  with  biuwn, 
especially  towards  the  tip. 


.5  '^:,., 


1  i.A.  :.'T7 

//-;/(.    Whili'  Mniiiiliuii>.  N.  II.;  n  >iii,i'lt' fi'inalc ;  .Inly,  jsc.;. 
I  liiivc  Mcii  an  iimlr.-crilM'd   Kiini|tfaii  specirs,  wLUh  i.s  very 
liki'  r.  cliyann,  jicrliaps  idculicul  with  it, 

*i>   I  .  paiipoi'il  (^-  H.      9- — I'iilliili'  fiisiniia,  fioiite  ciiier»>a,  nli^  iiii- 
iiuii'iil.'itis. 

r,il.'  lirinvniMli,  front  i^rny,  wiiiys  iininaiMilr.lt'.     I.niii,'.  corp.  nlidiit  O.H. 

i-vx.    I'l'i  iiil"Sii  I).  Saikix  (lion  Sciii'm.),  I'loc  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  I'liil.  !'«.')',), 
,..  -.-.1. 

Fi'uiit  ami  vertex  irrayisli ;  mstriim  yellowish;  palpi  and  aii- 
tciiiui' Imiwii  ;  the  twu  liasal  jninls  iil'  the  latter  yellowish;  the 
tliinl  jniiit  is  lunger  than  the  two  lirst  taken  to<i'etliei\  nearly 
cyliiiilrieal ;  the  Collowinir  joints  arc  not  imieh  shorter  than  the 
tliiril,  liiit  ^n'adually  diminish  in  leiiirih  towards  the  tip  of  the  an- 
tenna; the  llaji'ellnni  is  elothed  on  tlii-  underside  with  a  delicate 
pulMsieiiee  ;  the  vertieils  are  of  moderate  leiijjth.  Thorax  iirown- 
i-li-yeljow,  the  niesoiiotiim  is  l»ro\viii>h  in  the  middle,  somewhat 
sliiiiiiiii,  allhonjrli  covered  with  a  yellowish  hhjoin  ;  ph-iira-  pah'r, 
with  a  .-lijilit  hoary  hlooni ;  halteres  pale,  kiiolt  infiiscatcd  at  the 
tip;  feet  tawny,  inl'uscated  at  the  tips  of  the  fcniora,  of  the  tihia', 
and  uf  the  tarsi ;  coxie  and  liasis  of  the  femora  paler.  Alidomeii 
hniwiiisli,  venter  paler;  ovipositor  falciform,  short,  ferrnirinous. 
Winers  with  a  faint  l)ro\viiish  tintrc,  fnndy,  deiiscdy,  iiinl  nniforiidy 
piluse  over  the  whole  surface;  sti;rn;a  (dliptical,  hut  little  darker 
in  ciilipi-  than  the  wing*  itself;  a  very  faint  brownish  clund  on  the 
vnnill  cruss-vein. 

Jl'ih.    Washinjrton,  D.  C,  a  single  female. 

In  my  former  luddieation,  I  had  idcntitieil  this  specimen  with 
Via  jii/dsd  Sclinm.  ;  I  prefer  to  tri -e  it  another  name  now,  as 
t'X|ifrii'iiet'  has  taiiuiit  me  since  that  sm-h  an  identification,  lla^cll 
upiiii  a  description  and  not  uiioii  an  actual  comparison  uf  speei- 
iinn>,  is  not  always  safe. 

1  possess  a  male  specimen  from  the  Trenton  Falls,  X.  V.,  the 
iintcnnu' of  which  have  a  dilfercnt  structure:  the  joints  of  the 
lliiVilliini  are  much  shorter,  elonj^^alcd-elliptical,  rather  than  cylin- 
ili'ical ;  those  of  the  latter  part  of  the  llatrclluni  are  loii<rer  and 
mure  slender  than  those  near  its  hasis;  the  tliora.x  is  dark  lirowu 
nljiivi,  c.ivered  with  a  frrayish  dust;  the  forceps  of  the  male  has 
liugc  hnrny  aiijiendages,  yellow,  brown  at  the  tip ;  the  sti!.,'ma  is 


111 

»•  •, 


'it*'         .     .. 


■  ■  ■  '■■•  ^  m 


■* 


%  '1 


A',' 


.."1 


4  ^-a 


il*J^^"' 


TB^ 


27.S 


lill'TKIlA  OK  MillTII   AMKUIiA. 


[I'MIT  IV, 


ilaikiT  at    liotli  t'liils  tliiiii  ill  iId*  tiii*l(lli<.      In  ntlicr  ri'.^iiici'.  ili.. 
rcMiiildaiicc  litlwcfii  llii>  .-|M(iiucii  ami  I',  jitnijxni  is  vcrv  ;:n  at. 


;'f^ 


(MMi.  XXXVIII.    »lf-||.i\OTA. 

T\"n  siilitnni'uinal  cflls  ;  fmir  or  livi-  ]i<)>tiTi()r  rt'U.-*  ;  ilmctil  cfll  ri|n.n 
(ililvt'iititicill-'ly  cliisid  in  ,'iliiioi'liial  sptMimcns;  ;  I  In  if  an-  lim  mni-'iinni 
rni^x-r  iii<  \>i'\\\vfU  tli<'  liist  ami  tliK  xpcoiiil  l()iii;itiiililial  Veins  ;  tin- >iili. 
I'Ofital  I'loss-vi'lii  is  a  (•(iiisiiltM'aliJt'  ilistaiico  lu-Cort)  tlm  (ninia  of  tin-  mtoiiiI 
litiiL'ituclinal  vein  (Tal>.  II.  11;.'.  I'!).  Tilii.i'  with  siiinii  Imt  <li>tiiiit  «|Mirs 
nt  till- tip;  cniiKiilia  ilistiiit't.  I\vi'S  imlicsct'iit ;  ilistiail  gilibusity  ou  tlii- 
fiuiit,  lifliiml  tiu)  antfiiii:i> ;   tin*  lattfr  lii-Joiutuil. 

'riif  cyi's  arc  rcmulc,  licintr  separated  on  tlie  upper  siilc  nf  ilic 
head  liy  a  rntlier  hmad  front  ;  tiie  latter  sIikws  in  ife>|i  .-pciiinin, 
a  distiiiet  uihiinsitv  lieliiiid  the  nnteiiiia','  wliieh  seems  to  >liii!ik 
ill  div  .^peeiineiis.  Kostriiiii  and  jtrolioseis  sliort ;  jialpi  >liofi. 
Antenna'  lo-jointed  ;  liie  striiettire  of  those  of  the  Kiii'npfaii 
species  is  thus  eliaraeteri/.ed  l»y  .Mr.  Ilaliday  (Walker,  Ins.  Ilril. 
JUph  f'l.ViA.  III.  p.  :{(IT) :  "Mule:  Aiiteniia' a  litth' hiiiuvr  than 
the  tiiorax  ;  t  ifd  and  foMowinj^  joints  oval.  Fiin :  Aiiliniia' 
f^iiliiiioiiiliforin,  a  litth'  shorter  tliaii  tlic  thora.x."  In  the  Ndrth 
Ainericaii  />.  lu'riihtri.^  the  atiteiitia'  of  l»oth  se.ves  are  very  ^illlilal• 
ill  struct  lire  ;  if  bent  hackwards,  they  wouhl  not  reach  iniicii  iMymul 
tiie  colhifc  ;  lirst  joint  siiltcylindrical,  tlie  second  short,  cyathirniin, 
tiic  tiiird  ol)coiiienl,  atteiiiialed  at  tlie  basis;  the  followinir  Jo;iii> 
sul»<rhii)ular,  frradiially  iKeomiii^  narrower  towards  the  tip;  lln' 
liajrclliitii  is  ehithcd  with  some  short,  scattered  hairs,  whiiii  can 
hardly  ho  called  verticils,  and  1  do  not  jjerceive  the  dclicato 
jiulicscetice,  often  o'-eiirriiitr  in  males  of  TipKlidn'. 

The  antenna)  of  the  nnile  of  />.  nicmi,  an;  of  an  entirely  iJiU'ir- 
ent  structure;  tjiey  nro  twice  the  lenirth  of  head  and  tlionix  takm 
tojr<'ther;  the  (lau'cllutii  is  clothed  with  a  dense,  (hdicate  piiiic- 
ceiiee,  without  any  verticils;  the  joints  are  cylindrical,  clniiuatdl, 
of  nearly  e(|ual  letijitli,  except  the  last,  which  is  shorter.  Tlio 
head  is  rather  clo.sely  applied  to  the  well-developed  collaiv  ;  tin.' 
tlnu'aeie  suture  is  well  marked.  The  feet  are  loiiff^  moilci'.itciy 
strotijr;  the  spurs  at  the  tip  of  the  tihia',  althoun^h  short,  an'  vi  it 
di.stiiiet.     The  wings  have  four  po.sterior  cells  in  two  Kiiinin  an 


'  Tlii:<  st.iteinent   is  ropeateil   from  Prnr.  Arail.  Nut.  Sri.  I'hilnd.  \^''^\ 
p.  12411,  as  I  have  not  had  any  opportunity  of  seeuig  fresh  speuiuuns  siuce. 


>#:  t'rS' 


muu 


MCKANOTA. 


'->7i) 


s|H  lies  ( /».  jKniiUi  liiil.  niul  iiiivn'in'i  Zctt.,  which,  however,  iiiny 

lie  >Miit!iyiiis  ;  r'i)iii|un'e  ^Viilkt  r,  I,  r.  p.  lUH't,  No.   I),  as  well  ii.s  in 

till'  iwii  N'lirlh  Aliierieuii  speeies  (iescrilutl  I)}'  liie  ;  ihey  hiive  //cc' 

l.n-liiiur  cells   ill  two   Kiinipeiili   species  (/>.  rn/irorniH  Schiliii. 

aiiil   />.  hiiii(irii/(i/(i    I'^ehiiiii).      Tlie   <liseiil  eel!    is   open  ir.  iKiriiiiil 

>|Mfiiiieiis ;    it   is,   hnwevei*,   (nlveiMilitdlsly    el(»>e(l    in    suiiie    nirc 

,-|iriiiiieiiH  of  the  North  Aiiiericaii  />.  riciihiris ;  the  same  seems 

(Mrii^iujially  to  take  place  aiiioii);  the  Kiiropeaii  species  (compare 

Srliimr,  liis.  Aii.flr.  Jhjitira,  II,  p,  ;'»;{(>,  where  the  author,  .>peiik- 

iiiir  of  the  discal  cell,  always  takes  care  to  say  "  usually"  iil)>eiit). 

Ill  nilier  respects,  the  venation  is  the  rollowiiij;-  (compare    Cal). 

II.  r.   ICi,  wilier  of  /).  rinil(in.-<,  9):   the  siilicostal   cross-vein   is 

iiliipiit   ilic  midille  of  the  leiiiflli  of  the  win^' or  a  little  liefore  it, 

iit  II  distance  from  the  origin  of  tliu   second   loiifritiidimil   vein 

wliicli  is  somewhat  vnrialde   in  dilfereiit    sp.'cimeiis,   hut   always 

ei|iiiil  to  several  leii^:t lis  of  tlie  irreat  cross-vciii  ;  the  oriiriii  of  the 

M'ciiiid  loiii^itiidinal  vein  is  a  little  nearer  to  the  root  of  the  wing 

lliiiii  is  the  tip  of  the  sixth  loiij^itudinal  vein  ;  the  pnefiirea  is  very 

^iinit  and  arcuated.     The  small  cross-vein  is  opposite  the  tip  of 

the  >i\lh  vein  ;  the  second  suhmar^inal  cell  is  almost  of  the  same 

liiiirlli  with  the  first  posterior  cell ;  the  first  siil»iiiiir<rimil  cell  is 

liiit  little  shorter  than  tlio  second,  a^  its  petiole  is  very  short  ;  the 

(•Mir<e  of  the  veins,  horderinj^  these  ocUs,  is  nearly  straijj^ht ;  there 

lire  two  iiiaririnal  cross-veins;  vne  very  nearly  at  tlie  tip  of  tlie 

fir-t  Iniiiiitiidiiial   vein;  the  other  not  far  from  the  origin  of  the 

iintcrior  branch  of  the  second  vein  ;  the  stigma  is  hetweon  them. 

The  anterior  fork  of  the  fourth  vein,  when  present  (in  the  species 

villi  live  posterior  cells),  is  always  very  short;  the  fork  of  the 

]i(i-t('rior  liraiieli  of  the  fourth  vein  is  nearly  twice  its  length  ;  the 

iriiiit  <.'ros.s-vein  is  at  the  same  distance  from  the  root  of  the  wing 

lis  ilie   small   cross  vein  ;    the   fifth   longitudinal    vein    is  gently 

iiiciiiited   towards   the  tip;    the   sixth   and    seventli    are   nearly 

i-tiiiiglit.     The  Kuropean  species,  judging  Ity  tiie  existing  figures, 

ill  all  respects  agree  in  the  venation  witii  the  American  ones 

(ciiiiipiire  the  figures  of  the  wing  of  />.  jmrida,  in  Walker,  I.  c. 

Tal».  XXX,  lig.  la,  1>.  bimnrulafa,  il)id.  fig.  1  !>) ;  V>,  rujhoruia 

Silniin.,  if  th(!  figure  is  correct  (Sehuni.  Jh'itr.  etc.  Tab.  IV,  fig. 

"2).  has  both  the  i)riefurca  and  the  anterior  fork  of  the  fourth  vein 

imicii  longer  than  the  other  species.     The  wings  of  the  females 

"10  distinctly  broader  than  those  of  the  males. 


Ml 


m 


!i- 


1^ 

V '  ■ 

V-    '  ■ 

i 


■  hr 


1  -I  •'  i 


111 


280 


DIPTKHA  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


[I'AliT  IV, 


Al)(li)iiU'n  of  tlio  iiiiik'  depressed,  siilx'Iavate  nt  tlie  tip;  ilu; 
male  I'ltrccps  i-^  analoji'uus  to  lliat  of  AniiilitjiiK  mid  J'cdirui  in 
structure;'  alMloiiieii  of  the  female  more  lyliiidrical ;  uppiT  vahcs 
.soiiiewliat  areiialed,  moderately  Ioiilt  and  liroad. 

Diem  111)1(1  is  closely  allied  to  Jtlitijiiiidoldhin  and  Pbuirntiniia 
by  its  lo-Jointed  antenna!  and  its  venation;  Itiit  il  is  sntlieirntlv 
distin^'iiished  I)y  the  presence  of  two  maririnal  cross-veins,  ^\■||ile 
tlie  only  known  species  of  Plerlromijid  lias  four  posterior  cills 
and  tlie  two  species  of  Ji/i(i/i/iitli)l(iliis  live,  l>ifr(iiiula  lias  some 
species  witli  four  and  others  with  live  posterior  cells,  in  all  oilii-r 
respects,  the  similitude  of  the  veniUioii  of  these  three  ^•encrii, 
whicii  e.xtends  to  all  the  relative  i>r<iportions  of  eell.s  and  veins, 
is  very  striking  and  indicates  the  closest  relationship. 

Two  North  American  species  are  descrihed  by  me.  The  fniir 
European  species  have  been  suflicieutly  adverted  to  above,  and  1 
am  iiot  aware  of  any  other  species  of  this  frenus  ever  havini^ 
been  puliiished,  unless  it  is  Limitohia  y/it/nKi/fUa  Zett.  (eon'pai'u 
the  foot-note  lielow),  which  may  l)e  a  hicranota. 

'I'he  jrenus  Dicrduola  was  lirst  proposed  by  ]\Ir.  Zetterstidt 
for  his  I),  (jiicrini,  in  1840  (lnfU'cIa  La/'ponica,  p.  8;")!) ;  Iml  tliat 
this  author  did  not  reco<jiiize  the  trnt;  character  of  the  umiiis 
api'.ears  fronv  the  fact  that  even  in  his  later  work  D.  himdculitia 
Schuni.  is  left  by  him  in  the  jjeiius  Liinnohin  (Zett.  Dipt.  Sonul. 
X,  p.  ;{S",»7,  7-2). «  .Mr.  llaliday,  in  Walker's  often  (pioted  wurk, 
puts  three  species  under  the  head  of  1  Hera  not  a  :  jianda  Hal. 
(syn.  (juet'ini  .'*),  bimaculnla  Schum.,  and  acniliH  Hal.  The  latter, 
as  I  have  already  shown,  in  1S;")!(,  can  liardly  be  a  Dinuuuiln, 
nor  can  it  belong  to  the  Amalopina,  if  Mr.  Westwood's  Wiswvo 
(Walker,  1.  c.  Tab.  XXVII,  fig.  ;})  is  correct:  tlie  sulicostal 
cross-vein  is  posterior  to  the  origin  of  the  second  loiigitmlinul 
vein  ;  there  is  only  one  marginal  cross-vein,  and  the  discal  (cIl  is 
present.  The  wings  are  tiioseof  Limnofiliiln,  but  if  the  aiitcnniL' 
are  really  lo-joiiited,  it  is  diniciilt  to  decide  where  tlii,->  speiits 
belongs  to.  In  ISfiO  (Pror.  Acad.  Kat.  Hci.  FhiJad.  p.  L>4;t)  I 
descrilied  the  first  North  American  siiecies  of  Dicranola,  iiiid 
completed  the  definition  of  the  genus  by  notioing  its  pubcsctiit 

'  This  is  repeated  from  rmr.  Arnd.  Xnf.  Sri.  Phditd.  ISfiJ),  p.  2-tl) ;  1 
have  not  iiad  any  fresh  speoiineiis  for  examination  since. 

'  In  the  sanit!  work.  Vol.  X,  p.  :<S4:i.  tliere  is  a  /.imimliid  sllgmnldhi  Z>tt., 
from  Ijaphind,  which  seems  to  be  a  JJicrunota  with  live  pcsterior  eell.s. 


(B 


DICUANOTA, 


281 


eves,  the  position  of  the  subcosttil  iToss-vciii,  otc,  and  Tssigning 
it  its  true  placo  aniouf;"  tiio  .Inuilopiixi  (rcdicilhrniid,  olini). 
Tlu'  name  of  tlie  genus  it*  (It'rivcd  from  6ix(jaioj',  fork. 

Description  of  the  specif 3, 

].  I).  I'iVUlaris  O.  S.  %  and  9. — obscure  cinerea,  thorace  vittis 
fnsii.s :  lialteribus  palliilis ;  antehnis  uiaris  bievibiis  ;  tellulis  posteii- 
oiilnirt  (lUiitiior. 

Park  u'liiy,  thorax  with  brown  stripes,  halteres  pale  ;  antemiiB  of  the  male 

slioit ;  four  posterior  cells.     Long.  corj).  0.28 — 0.3. 
Sy.n.   hicninola  rivniarig  O.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  tic.  Phil.  ISfjO,  p.  249. 

liciul  dark  yellowish-gray,  front  and  vertex  slightly  brownish; 
rosiruni,  ]>ali>i,  and  anlenmii  hiarkish  ;  the  latter  short  in  l)iiih 
sexes,  iKit  reuehing  the  base  of  the  wings;  joints  of  the  IhigelJnin 
siiliLHoiinlar.  Thorax  dark  gray,  with  three  distinet  blaekish- 
limwii  stripes;  the  interniediuto  one  broad,  and,  in  some  speei- 
lueiis,  distinctly  divided  by  a  longitudinal  i)aler  line  ;  seutellum 
and  iiu'tathorax  dark  gray,  the  posterior  half  of  the  latter  blaek- 
\A\\  lialteres  pale;  coxa)  gray,  feet  blaekish,  troehanters  anil 
hiisis  of  the  femora  paler.  AImIouu'II  l)laekisli  cinereous,  indis- 
tinctly whitish  along  the  lateral  nmrgins;  male  genitx.Is  gray. 
Wings  (Tal).  II,  lig.  Ifi,  wing  of  the  fennde)  slightly  tinged  with 
priiy  ;  stignui  indistinct,  situated  lietweeii  the  two  marginal  cross- 
veins;  priefurca  very  short,  and  hence  ihe  distance  between  its 
oriu-iii  and  the  nearest  nmrginal  cross-vein  is  not  longer  (usually 
sliurter)  than  the  interval  between  the  two  cross-veins. 

Jliili.  \\'ashington,  1).  ('.  ;  five  males  and  two  females  were 
caiiL'ht,  early  in  April,  in  the  act  of  flying  close  to  tlio  surface  of  a 
litili'  stream  in  tho  woods;  the  females  were  in  copulation. 

One  of  ihf  nudes  has  the  discal  cell  closed  on  both  wings; 
some  of  the  specimens  have  a  stump  of  a  vein  on  the  pru'l'nrca. 

2.  3).  Olirrra*  n.  sp.  '^  .  —  Obsmre  ninerea.  tliorai'c  vitti.s  fiiscis  ; 
lialteriiiiis  infiiscatis  ;  antennro  uiaris  thorace  niulto  lon.'^iores  ;  cellali.s 
liostHrinribiiH  (juatnor. 

I'aik  Cray,  thorax  with  brown  stripes  :  halteres  with  an  infnscateil  knob  ; 
antHnii.T  of  the  male  much  longer  than  the  thorax  ;  four  posterior  cells. 
Long.  corp.  (i.2(!. 

A  cry  like  the  ]ir''ceding  sprcicR,  and  distinguished  principally 
hy  the  structure  of  tho  anteiiiuL'  of  the  male,  whieli  are  twice  as 


:'^  .^3 


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ji>, 


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Hi. 


282 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[PAUT  IV. 


long  as  tlio  head  and  thorax  taken  tofrcther,  the  flagi'lluin  with 
nearly  cylindrical,  elongated,  densely  pubescent  joints,  of  iiearlv 
etjual  length,  except  the  last,  which  is  shorter.  The  knob  of  the 
halteres  is  distinctly  infuscated  ;  the  stigma,  likewi.se,  is  sliirhtlv 
brownish;  the  vertex  si.'enis  to  be  darker  than  in  I),  invuldri.t; 
the  wings  of  the  male  are  somewhat  narrower,  and  the  ijriefiirca 
a  little  longer;  tlie  interval  between  its  origin  and  the  iicaicst 
marginal  cross-vein,  in  both  specimens  which  I  have  before  inc, 
is  longer  than  the  interval  between  the  two  cross-veins. 

1  have  two  males  in  my  possession,  taken  together  witli  iho 
specimens  of  1).  ricuhiris.  At  that  time  (compare  J'roc.  Ainil. 
Nal.  Sci.  Plu'lad.  185!»,  p.  250)  I  was  uncertain  whether  llicv diil 
not  belong  to  the  latter  species.  I  venture  now  to  deserilic  them 
as  distinct;  the  antenna)  are  of  a  length  which  is  othcrwi-se  un- 
usual in  the  gcims. 

Gen.  XXXIX.   PLECTROMYIA. 

Two  submarginal  cells  ;  four  jiosUrior  cells ;  discal  cell  open  ;  the  sub- 
costal cro>s-veiii  is  a  consideraMe  distance  before  the  origin  of  the  scediid 
lonttituilinal  vein  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  very  near  the  tip  of  tlie  fust 
longitudinal  vein  (Tab.  II,  fig.  18).  Tibire  with  exceedingly  minute  spurs 
at  the  tip;  empodia  sniall,  but  distinct.  Eyes  pubescent;  antenna' 13- 
jointed.  Tlie  upper  horny  appendage  of  the  forceps  of  the  male  i:<  ll;it, 
rounded,  with  a  serrate  edge. 

A  rather  broad  front  separates  the  eyes  above  ;  in  well  pre- 
served dry  specimens,  it  rises  abruptly  al)ove  the  antennte  aiid  is 
rather  convex,  without  showing  any  trace  of  a  bump  (liaviiiL' 
neglected  to  describe  it  from  a  fresh  specimen,  I  have  abstaindl 
from  any  statement  about  it  in  the  generic  character).  Ivd-tniiii 
short ;  palpi  .short ;  the  first  joint  is  the  longest,  the  others  slmit, 
short;  the  last  is  not  much  longer  than  it  is  broad.  Antciiiiie 
18-jointed  (T  have  counted  the  joints  oi.  fr  sh  specimens);  tir«t 
joint  elongated,  subcylindriciil ;  the  joints  of  the  flagelluin.  e.Mi  pt 
the  first,  which  is  subconical,  are  rounded,  slightly  eluii.Liaiid. 
with  short  verticils ;  they  are  clothed  with  a  short  pulHsceiici', 
which  is  ni're  dense  in  the  male  ;  if  bent  backwards,  the  aiitcniue 
would  not  reach  the  root  of  the  wings.  Collare  well  devehipci', 
with  a  short,  neck-like  prolongation  towards  the  head;  the  nutii- 
notum  moderately  gibbose  above  it ;  thoracic  suture  well  niarkcil. 
The  feet  arc  long  '^although  much  shorter  than  in  Iihaphidol(ihi.<)\ 


'ii 


PLECTUOMYIA. 


2:^3 


the  .^purs  are  so  minute  as  to  be  percoj)tIl)lc  only  witli  frront  dilli- 
(Milty;  the  ungues  are  very  minute;  tlie  enipodia  distlMct  ;  tlie 
first  joint  of  tiie  tarsi  is  about  ecjual  in  lengtli  to  tin-  til)iii,  or 
even  longer  (on  tlie  foremost  pair  of  the  feet)  ;  the  four  following 
joints,  taken  together,  are  a  little  longer  than  half  the  length  of 
the  first  joint.  The  wings  (Tab.  II,  lig.  18)  are  moderately 
hroad  ;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  is  a  little  before  the  middle  of 
loiiLTth  of  the  wing,  at  a  distance  before  the  origin  of  the  sceond 
Idiiuritudinal  vein  equal  to  about  two  lengths  of  the  great  eross- 
VL'iii;  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is  a  little  nearer 
to  the  root  of  the  wing  than  is  the  tip  of  the  si.xth  longitudinal 
vein;  the  pnefurca  is  comparatively  short  and  areualtd.  The 
small  eross-vein  is  opposite  the  tip  of  the  sixth  vein  ;  the  sccvtnd 
,sul)niargiiial  cell  is  of  the  same  length  with  the  first  jxistcrior 
cell ;  the  first  submarginal  cell  is  only  a  trifle  shorter  than  tho 
seeoiid,  as  its  petiole  is  short  and  in  some  specimens  almost  im- 
jjevceptible ;  the  course  of  the  veins,  bordering  thesu  cells,  is 
straight,  only  the  anterior  branch  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein 
is  suiiiewliat  arcuated  ;  the  marginal  eross-vein  is  at  the  very  tip 
of  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein,  which  tip  is  nearly  o|)posite  the  tip 
of  the  secoiul  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  postrricu* 
branch  of  the  latter  vein  alone  is  forked,  and  hence  there  are  only 
four  |)osterior  cells  ;  tho  second  of  these  (confluent  with  tin-  diseal 
cell,  which  is  open)  has  its  basis  on  the  same  line  with  the  small 
cross-vein  ;  the  third  posterior  cell  is  much  shorter ;  the  great 
cross-vein  is  about  the  middle  of  the  distai:ee  between  the  bases 
of  the  second  and  third  posterior  cells,  or  a  little  before  this 
middle;  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  is  gently  arcuated  towards  its 
end;  the  sixth  and  sevenUi  are  straight.  The  abdomen  is  short 
and  comparatively  stout;  the  male  genitals  are  conspicuously 
clul)-shaped  ;  the  forceps  consists  of  a  pair  of  sul)eyliiidrical  l)asal 
pieces,  with  two  horny  appendages  upon  each  ;  the  upper  or  outer 
ones  among  these  are  rounded  at  the  end,  densely  and  sharply 
serrated  along  the  edge  of  the  rounde(l  pnrt,  th'is  looking  like  the 
end  uf  a  spur;  the  lower  or  inner  appendage  is  more  slender. 
The  ovipositor  of  the  female  is  comparatively  long,  niivL'rateiy 
hroad,  arcuated. 
This  genus,  described  hero  for  the  first  time,'  is  very  closely 


ir 

n 

^f« 

C    f 

•■1 " 


m 


'  It  was  merely  mentioned,  withont  any  description,  in  tlie  synoptical 
table  of  the  genera  which  I  gave  in  the  I'ruc.  Kiitom.  Sue.  Pliilml.  Isilfi,  p. 


\.V-r 


i' 


.         t  .  ,  , 


;:iiHit-?'i"*i 


284 


DIl'TKllA  (iF  NdUTll  AMKUICA. 


[T'AUT  IV. 


nlli('<l  to  Ii/ia/)hkhluhiK,  hut  tlic  Itody  is  Ir.-s  sI'Tnlrr,  tlio  iiuilo 
g-cnitiils  iii)t  (!lulj-sliii|>ctl  iiiid  of  '.i  iliircrciit  sinicliirc  :  ilir  feet 
t'oinpariilivcly  iiiiicli  sliortrr.  Tlio  vt'iiiitioii  is  pn'ity  iiincli  tin; 
Siiiiio  ill  l)otli  j^ciicra,  as  tlio  comparison  of  tiic  (Ifscriptinus  will 
.sliow,  rxccpt  that  I'lcc/nnni/id  lias  only  four  posterior  ci'lls  iiinl 
tliat  iIh'  siil)costaI  eross-vi-iii  is  loss  near  the  root  oi"  tliu  wiiifr. 
'J'lic  iliscal  cell  is  a'tsciit  in  all  my  spociinciis. 

'I'lic  name  of  the  jrenus  is  (k-rivcd  from  nx^xrimr.  spur,  and  i.iua. 
fly,  in  allusion  to  tint  shape  of  the  aitpfiidau-e  of  the  forcops. 

Denrrijilion  of'  thf  sjurii's. 

I.    P.  inodeHta,  n.  s^i.      %  and  9. — l'"iisc'.iiio-oclirai't'.'i,  iliora  •!•  vitti- 

sulidlisciltHis,  capitt!  cano  pollinoso,  .ilnlomiiie  tuseo  ;  alls  liyaliiiis  iui- 

!j  ■\culatis. 
Jiiownish-ocliiact'ous,  tliorax  witli  indistinct  stripi'S,  licail  witli  a  hoary 

bloom  ;    al)domeu    bio\iii,    wings    hyaline,    inuiiai'nlate.      Long.    kji'Ij. 

0.17—0.18. 

Ground  color  of  the  head  brown,  entirely  coneealed  al)ove  l)y 
n  thick  hoary  bloom  ;  rostrum  somewhat  paler;  palpi  and  aiitiiiii;i' 
brown.  Thora.x  browiiish-ochraeeojis,  iiardly  siiininu'  aliovc.  in 
cons('<pionce  of  a  dull  si'rayish  dust;  three  pale  l)ro\vn,  nii'iei' 
indistinct  stripes;  the  intermediate  one  doul)le ;  stem  (.:'  the 
halteres  jiale,  the  knob  l)rownish  ;  feet  tawny,  co.\;e  and  l)a.M>  of 
tlie  femora  paler,  tij)  (»f  the  lil)iie  and  *he  tarsi  bntwn.  Alulcniiii 
brown;  genitals  paler.     Winjjjs  hyaline,  immaculate;  veins  l)rii\vii. 

JIab.    White  Mountains,  N.  II.,  June,  18()4;  live  specimens. 

Gen.  XL.   RIIAPIIIDOLABIS. 

Two  subniarginal  cells  ;  Jirc.  jws/irior  relh;  discal  cell  closed  or  opfn; 
the  sul)costal  cross-vein  is  a  coiisideral)l6  distance  before  the  oritiiii  of  tlie 
f!econ<l  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  marginal  cross-vein  is  very  near  the  tiji  of 
the  first  longitudinal  vein  (Tab.  11,  fig.  17,  wing  of  A*.  Iniul/xs).  Fe.'t  lom', 
slender;  tibijB  with  minute  spurs  at  the  tip;  euipodia  small,  but  ilJHtinrt. 
Eyes  pubescent:  the  front  with  a  bump  ;  antenna?  13-jointeil.  The  for,tiis 
of  the  uale  of  R.  teiiuijx^i  has  long,  needle-like,  horny  appendages. 

A.s  1  have  taken  some  notes  from  a  living  specimen  of  11.  ti'mn- 
2)cs,  I  consider  ]*-•  as  the  typo  of  the  genus.     In  the  foljowiuir 

22.').  The  name  Astrolabis,  which  I  gave  it  at  that  time,  I  give  up  as  ob- 
jectionable, and  replace  it  by  IVfctromyiu,  a  name  I  o'-'ginally  iuteu'led  to 
give  to  the  genus  now  called  Aiaiba. 


4-1; 


::   } 


mi 


■      t  ■ 


IlHAMIll'itl.AlJIS. 


285 


(IcscriptloM,  wliciicviT  I  was  not  sure  wlicthcr  a  character  would 
be  likewise  uiipliealjle  to  It.  ihiriulu,  of  wlilch  I  could  compare 
only  dry  speciiueiis,  I  liave  taken  care  to  iiieiitiou  that  llii.s  clui- 
riictcr  lu'loiigs  t(;  tlio  typical  species. 

Tlie  eyes  are  distiiicily  pulxscrnt,  witii  a  ratlier  broad  front 
liclwceii  tliein  aljove,  and  laore  closely  ap])ro.\innited  on  tiie  under 
iiidi;  of  the  licad  ;  seen  from  tlio  sidf,  the  front  of  li.  Iciini/it'fi 
Au>\y  a  distinct  l)iimp  belund  tin-  antenna',  which  is  inueli  less 
vi.sihic  in  dry  t^peciinms.  The  m.-trnm  is  siiort  ;  the  jtalpi  (7?. 
tnniijirs)  t«litjrt,  joints  .<tout,  except  tiie  basal  one,  which  is 
iittcnuated.  Antcnme  l;j-Jointed  (I  have  counted  the  j(jints  of  a 
h'l'sli  specimen  of  Jt.  h'nuijirK),  sh<jrt  ;  if  bent  Ijackwards,  they 
would  not  reach  much  beyond  the  collare;  joints  of  tiie  nairelluni 
elilu.Mir,  clothed  in  th(!  nuile  (J!,  (en in' jus)  with  a  dense,  delicate 
puljescence,  and  the  alternate  .m.  ;  with  short  v<.'rtici!s.  Collare 
well  developed,  rather  broad,  ami  with  a  neck-like  prolongation 
towards  the  head;  the  mesonotum  rather  giljbose  al)ove  it; 
tJKiracic  suture  well  marked.  The  feet  are  very  long  and  slender 
(especially  in  li.  leniiipr.-f)-  the  spurs  are  exceedingly  short,  and 
may  be  easily  overlooked;  the  ungues  are  very  minute;  the  em- 
podia  distinct  (for  the  proi)ortions  in  length  of  the  libite  and 
tarsi,  compare  the  descrij)tion  of  the  species).  The  wings  (Tab. 
11,  tig.  IT,  wing  of  li.  lenuipes)  are  a  little  longer  than  the 
l)oily  ;  comparatively  narrow  in  li.  ienuijics;  broader  in  H. 
jUirvula;  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  is  almost  opposite  the  tip 
of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  suljcostal  cross-vein  is  at  one- 
third  of  the  length  of  the  wing,  a  consideral)le  distance  before 
the  origin  of  the  second  vein,  and  but  a  little  more  distant  from 
the  root  of  the  wing  than  the  anal  angle;  the  pnefurca  is  com- 
])arutively  short,  and  very  much  arcuated  ;  it  is  much  shorter  in 
li.  li'nuijwH,  where  its  origin  is  nearly  ojtposite  the  tip  of  the 
sixtii  vein  (a  little  anterior  to  it);  in  li.  jUn-eola  the  origin  of 
the  second  vein  is  opposite  the  tip  of  the  seventh  vein,  and  the 
pnehirca  is  therefore  a  little  longer.  The  small  cross-vein  is 
opposite  the  tip  of  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  {It.  Iinaipi'."), 
or  a  little  anterior  to  it  (7^  Jhirmla);  the  second  subnmrginal 
cell  is  of  the  same  length  with  the  first  posterior  cell  (or  oidy  a 
'rille  longer  in  li.  (eniiipr.^) ;  the  first  subnmrginal  cell  is  a  little 
^liortcr  than  the  second,  its  i>etiolc  being  shorter  than  the  gri'at 
ei'oss-vein ;  the  course  of  the  veins,  bordering  these  cells,  is 
20 


4.-     _, 


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280 


DiPTKIlA  OF  N'OHTII  AMKIirOA. 


[I'AliT  IV 


straiirlit,  only  tlio  aiiti-rior  hraiich  of  the  second  loiiffitmliuiil  vt  in 
is  somcwliiit  iUTuatotl  (t'spL-eially  in  JL  Ifiniiiiefs,  wIkto  iIio 
posterior  lirancii  is  also,  l»ut  very  sli;j:litly,  arcuatod) ;  the  niar- 
friiial  cross-VL'in  is  vory  near  llic  lip  of  the  lirst  lonfritudiual  vein 
(at,  tills  very  tip  in  It.  /citHiiH'K);  the  tip  of  the  fii'st  lonjjriluiliiiiil 
Vein  is  (ippositi;  tlio  tip  of  the  third  liraneh  of  the  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein.  IJoth  Itranehes  of  tlu;  fourth  lou^'itudinal  vi'in  iirc 
forked  ;  the  anterior  fork  is  very  short,  the  second  posterior  cell, 
which  it  incloses  beinu^  aliout  one-third  the  ien<!;th  of  the  lirst 
posterior  cell  ;  the  basis  of  the  third  posterior  cell  in  .A*.  /('/)/f/y,r,s 
(which  has  no''.iscal  cell),  is  in  one  line  with  tlie  small  eross-viiii, 
and  rather  pointed  ;  in  Jl.  Jlnrrola  the  third  posterior  cell  is 
divided  in  two  by  the  cross-vein,  which  forms  th(!  suhtrianj^iilar 
discal  cell;  the  fourth  posterior  coll  is  about  lialf  the  lenulh  of 
the  lirst ;  the  (il'th  is  somewluit  longer  than  the  fourth;  the  j/icat 
cross-vein  is  a  little  beyond  the  first  forking  of  the  fourth  lucizi- 
tiidiiial  vein;  the  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  longitudinal  veins  ;u'e 
nearly  straight,  somewhat,  but  not  consj)icuously,  arcuated. 

The  altdoiiien  is  elongated  and  slender;  the  male  genital:^ 
rather  clnlt-shaped,  consi,  ting  of  the  usual  basal  pieces,  •  iih 
horny  a|)peiidages  ;  one  of  the  latter,  in  R.  (cnitijiC)^,  is  eloiigaliil, 
ne(Mlle-shaped,  and  conspicuous  in  living  specimens,  althougli  imt 
visible  in  dry  ones  ;'  the  ovipositor  (li.  jUtrcoUi)  has  rather  Ihhl'-, 
broad,  arcuated  upper  valves,  and  blunt,  without  being  aeluaily 
rounded  at  the  tip  ;  the  lower  valves  are  shorter,  but  also  railicr 
broail ;  the;  ovipositor  of  li  lonn'iics  is  likewise  comi)aiativrly 
long,  and  arciuited,  but  mirrower  and  more  pointed. 

This  genus,  deseril)ed  here  for  the  lirst  time,  although  it  was 
mentioned  by  name  in  the  Proc.  Enlom.  Soc.  riiihul.  iMi.'t,  p. 
22"),  is  closely  allied  to  Pledromyia,  but  easily  distingui-licil 
from  it  by  the  greater  shMulerness  of  the  body  and  especially  nf 
the  abdouton,  which  has  the  male  genitals  distinctly  clul)-slia|ir(l; 
by  the  structure  of  the  nude  geiutals,  niul  l)y  the  venatiuu  of  the 
wings,  which  have  live,  instead  of  four  i)osteri()r  cells. 

Although  It.  Jiuccula  ditl'ers  from  It.  Icmiijicti  by  the  presence 

'  I  add  this  detail  from  memory,  as  the  description  of  the  forceps,  t.'ikcii 
down  from  a  living  specimen,  has  l)een  lost  with  my  original  maiiusLiiiit. 
>\lthough  I  have  caught  a  specimen  since,  I  have  omitted  to  dosLiibo  its 
forceps. 


KIIAPIIIDOLABIS. 


28T 


of  a  (lisciil  coll  niid  l»y  its  culoriii.tr,  their  relationship  in  other 
n-ipccts  is  St)  great  tliat  I  have  no  hesitation  in  jdaciiifj;  them  in 
the  siiMH'  freniis.  Should  a  more  delaileil  stnily  of  the  org-aniza- 
lii'M  (if  li.  Jlarco/a  necessitate  its  si-paration,  1{.  (cnuipcs  should 
be  ntained  as  the  tyjjo  of  the  {^enus. 

I  am  not  aware  of  the  existence  of  this  genus  in  any  other 
••ouiiiry. 

Tlie  name  rJiaphUhlahis  is  derived  from  pa^ii,  needle,  and 
>.a3i5,  forceps. 

Description  of  the  species. 

I.  R.  tciiilipes,  n.  pp.     %  and  9. — I'usca,  thoracis  vittis  fuscis;  ali3 
iiiiiiiaculatis,  cellulil  discoidali  uuUil. 

Fiisrous,  thorax  with  fuscous  stripes,  wiugs  immaculate ;  no  discal  cell. 
Long.  corp.  0.2. 

Head  blackish-fuscous ;  front  gibboso,  somcwliat  cinereous 
iiloiiu;  the  eyes,  darker  i/i  the  middle ;  antenna'  and  palpi  Ijlack. 
Tlioiiix  fuscous,  very  little  shining,  and  with  a  slight  hoary 
liliiniii;  stripes  dark  brown,  almost  black;  the  internu'diate  one 
cuiicitunM,  the  lateral  ones  prolonged  beyond  the  suture  behind; 
in  the  darker  specimens,  the  stri])es  are  div'ded  only  by  a  grayish 
lldDin,  visible  at  the  humeri,  and  extending  backwards  in  the 
sliiipc  of  a  line  between  the  intermediate  and  the  lateral  stripes ; 
ill  iialcr-colored  specimens  the  stripes  are  well  marked  ujton  a 
jiale  l)ro\vnish  yellow  ground.  Pleurtc,  scutellum,  and  nu'tathorax 
brownish,  more  or  less  mixed  with  yellow,  llalteres  infuscaled, 
pale  at  the  base.  Abdomen  fuscous,  with  scattered  pale  hairs; 
liiivcps  fuscous.  Coxie  yello'^ish,  sometimes  more  or  less  tinged 
will,  Iirown  ;  feet  dark  tawny  ;  femora  pale  at  the  base.  On  the 
foremost  pair  of  feet  of  the  male  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is 
considerably  longer  than  the  tibia  ;  the  four  following  joints, 
taken  together,  are  much  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  first 
jiiint ;  nearly  the  same  proj>ortioiis  prevail  on  the  two  other  pairs 
of  feet,  only  the  first  tarsal  joint  is  not  much  longer  than  the 
tibia.  Wings  (Tab.  II,  fig.  lY)  with  a  slight  grayish  tinge,  im- 
niai'ulate,  veins  brown;  stigma  long,  very  slightly  tii;ged  with 
bniwiiish  ;  the  praifurca  is  short,  arcuated  ;  its  origiii  is  a  little 
before  the  tip  of  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  (for  the  uetails  of  the 
venation  compare  the  generic  characters). 

JJub.   Maryland ;  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 


'■'Mm 


M 

1:  "M 


288 


DII'TEllA  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


[PAIIT  IV. 


i\  f 


*2,    n.    flavc<»la)  n.  sp.      ^  and   9- — t'luva  toU ;  alls  iuiiiiiioulatis 
t-ullulil  ilint'oidiili  iiistruuti.s. 

Entirely  yellow  ;  wings  iunuaculiite,  with  a  discal  cell.     Long.  rorp.  0.2. 

Tli(f  wIkjIc  I«)(ly,  iiic'liidinp;  llio  feet,  i.s  of  a  |»iilt,'  ycllov';  culor; 
the  thorax  ahovc,  as  well  us  the  pli'iifa!,  iiavc  a  slij;-lit  lioarv  lildoin ; 
the  \\iii;::s  arc  liyalino,  with  jtale  ))rown  veins,  except  (lie  in>i;i, 
which  is  yellowish;  the  sti<rina  is  eloiii^ated,  ciilorless  ;  tln' ilr- 
tails  of  the  venation  have  been  jriven  al)ove,  in  the  ^niuric 
character.  The  first  tarsal  joint  (in  the  female  specimen)  i>; 
ul)()nt  eqnal  in  Icnjjth  to  tho  til>ia ;  the  four  followinu- jnjnts, 
taken  to<i:ether,  are  rather  more  than  lialf  the  length  of  tiie  lir>t 
(the  feet  of  tho  male  specimen  arc  l)rokcn). 

J  possess  a  nnilc,  taken  l)y  mo  in  ^laryland  ;  a  female,  taken  Iiy 
]Mr.  Scudder,  on  .Mt.  (Jreylock,  .Mass.,  is  much  ])aler  in  coloring, 
almost  whitish,  but  agrees  iu  all  tho  other  characters. 


F  ft'?*'!' 


'^i 


!',  * 


m^ 


m'^.i 


m  ■ 


ilM- 


i-t 


CVLINDUUTd.MINA. 


2b^ 


SErTioN  VII.  CYLINDROTOMIXA. 


'*-!• 


Oiip  I'nlim.'ivainal  cell ;  tlio  first  loiipitudinal  vein  is  inciirved  at  tlui  tip 
towanlrt  the  st'cniul,  instead  of  ending  in  tlie  costa  (exfeptioii :  J'li(t/iiini- 
c<ra  ir/ili<-'iia  Lin.,  where  the  first  vein  takes  the  usual  course)  ;  lour  or 
five  posterior  cells  ;  a  discal  cell.  The  auxiliary  vein  is  aliriiptly  inter- 
rupted, just  lii'foro  the  stigma,  without  endiiiu'  either  in  the  costa  or  in 
the  lirst  loni^itudinal  vein.  ]']yes  glabrous.  Normal  number  of  the  an- 
tennal  joints  sixteen.'  Tibiie  with  spurs  at  the  tip.  lOmpodia  distinct. 
Forceps  and  ovipositor  of  a  peculiar  structure  (compare  below). 

1.  Definition  and  Akki.nities. 

We  have  lu>ro  a  small,  Imt  very  remarkable  group  of  species, 
oocapyini;^  an  isolated  and  interniediate  jiosition  ))et\vecn  tin; 
I'ijiiilida-  l»'cri/i(/ljii  an  I  lontjiiiulpi.  Tlieir  afliiiity  to  the  former 
is  justified  by  the  following  cliaraeters  r  1.  The  striietiire  of  their 
palpi,  liic  last  joint  of  wliieli,  although  .somewhat  elongated, 
never  has  the  whiplash  shaped  appearance  peculiar  to  the  TIjk 
liniiiijialp)  ;  2.  The  absence  of  the  peculiar  fold  which,  in  most 
•  if  the  Ti}>ulina,  runs  across  the  wing,  beginning  in  the  region 
of  the  stigma;  3.  The  length  of  the  inner  marginal  cell,  which, 
ni  the  majority  of  'Tipulinn,  is  niiirh  shorter;  4.  The  shape  and 
]iositi()i»  of  the  penultimate  jiosterior  cell,  which  is  sitnateil  behind 
l!ie  discal  cell,  instead  of  being  alongside  of  it,  which  is  the  ense 
aniuiig  the  Tipvlina  ;  o.  The  nninber  of  posterior  cells  which, 
iis  a  rule,  is  /(>(/»•  among  the  Ciilindrotomina,  five  bc'iig  the  ex- 
ception ;  whereas  y/ir  is  the  rule  among  the  Tijifilnui  :  f>.  The 
iiiiiiilier  of  antennal  joints,  sij'tccn,  is  also  the  prevailing  number 
luiiong  the  I'ipiilifjfip  hrcvipalpi,  whereas  thirteen  is  the  usual 
number  among  the  Tipulidte  hmgipalpi. 

The  iMiropean  authors  (Walker,  Zetterstedt,  etc.)  rail  the  antenna?  17- 
j  liiiteil.  whicli  may  be  d>ie  to  the  fact  that  in  dry  specimens  the  prolonga- 
tidii  (if  thi>  last  joint  looks  like  an  additional  one. 
1<)     November,  ISfiS. 


m^'^ 


pi  I  i 


■'i    - 


'■r- 


:j[ 


'.'00 


DIl'TKUA  OF  NOIITII  AMKIIUA. 


[I'Attr  IV. 


i   1   i 


I   i 


'fi' 


lit. ' 


it, 


(•*! 


'I'lu'  ('i/lindrohiniiiin  \u)sm'^s  dtlicr  tliuructcrs,  liowi'Vcr,  wliiili 
arc  fon'iifu  to  the  7V/<.  Iirrrijiolju. 

].  'I'lic  ('i/liii(lr'il<,iiiii}<i  luivc  a  siii^flc  siiliniiir<;iiiiil  cell  iind 
spurs  at  the  tip  of  the  til)iu'.  'I'lu'  'I'ij>.  hrri-i/mlin  willi  a  >'\\\>^{\' 
suliiiiartjiiial  ci'll,  as  I'm'  us  kiidWii,  never  have  any  fpnr.-  nn  ili.' 
til)ia'.'  Tlio  presence  of  tlieso  ^:pul■s  is  a  point  of  nllinilv  to  I  he 
Tipiilinci.  The  divaricutt-d  spurs  of  rhdltirroccra  remind  veiv 
nincii  of  Tiiiiiln. 

'•1.  'I'lie  course  of  ihc  veins  inimedialelj'  snrroiindinfc  the  stiii'iim 
is  very  [)eculiar  liere.  The  (irst  ]on<ritndiniil  vein,  in>teud  ofcinl- 
inj^  in  the  costa,  is  incurved  towards  the  secoinl  vein,  iind  ends  in 
il  (lig;.  4).  The  inarji'inal  cross-vein  (nsuiilly  connectinji,''  the  lir,-l 
and  second  lonjfitudinal  veins  and  thus  dividing-  the  iniirjiiiml 
cell  in  two  sections)  is  ahseul  ;  insteinl  of  it,  there  is  a  .-iinrt, 
freiieraliy  oI)li(pic  and  often  indistinct  cross-vein  lietween  the  lirst 
vein  iind  the  costa  (lijr.  4f/);  this  cross-vein  is  inserted  a  slmit 
distance  anterior  to  the  tip  of  the  lirst  vein.  A  gin  nee  at  ilif 
venatiou  of  a  genuine  Tipula  (li*?.  (>)  nt  once  shows  its  hoiuolofiics 

with  that  of  the  Cijlindroloniina. 
In  Tipula  th(!  second  loncritudiiial 
vein  has  a  short  fork  (fijr.  P.,  b,  <■), 
which  is  waiitinjjiu  th(!  ('i/hiidro- 
tomina;  the  first  vein  ends  in  the 
anterior  l^ranch  of  this  fork;  the 
prolongation  of  this  antcrinr 
branch,  together  with  a  short 
cross-vein  (a)  between  the  lirst 
vein  and  the  costa  (which  cro>s- 
vein  is  homologous  to  the  ahiivu- 
mentioned  cross-vein  of  the  Cijl- 
indrotomina)  inclose  a  sniidl  tra- 
pezoidal cell,  very  characteristic 
of  the  Tipuli/m  (fig.  C>,  betwcrn 
a  and  b).  To  complete  the  re- 
semblance, it  would  bo  necessary 
for  the  second  vein  of  the  ('>/liii- 
drotovxina  to  emit  a  short  bratich  ;  and  this  is  actually  the  case 
with  the  Europi'an  species  Phalacrocera  rcpUcata  (lig.  5),  where 


Fig.  4. 


Fig.  r. 
a 


Fig.  a. 


'  Compare  the  genus  Atarha,  which  may  he  an  exception. 


if).  1 


CVl.I.MmtiTo.MlNA. 


ij'.n 


llii'  vfiii  h  imiy  lt«'  odiisidcrcd  as  liuim.Idjroiis  lo  h,  in  fii;.  C. 
jililiiiiii:'li  it  niipi'iirs  tn  l)(!  iiM'n'jy  tin'  jiniioiiji'iilinii  (»!'  llic  lir>t 
villi.  'I'lius  J'litildcrnrivii,  tlif  jr<'iit'i'iil  ii|i|M'uniiir(',  aiilfiiiiii',  vW. 
iifwliirli  \wv  so  iiiiiili  likf  Tijiiihi,  serins  also  to  indicate  a  trans- 
itiou  towiirds  tills  jreiuis  in  its  vmatiuii.  And  tliat  tliis  Intirpre- 
tiiiiiiii  nf  tiie  ciiiioe  (if  till'  lii'st  vein  in  J'/inhirronrii  is  not 
allnuetlier  arl)iti'ary,  is  jiroved  l»y  tlie  Nnrtii  Anierieaii  J'/i.  Iij>ii- 
llnii.  elusely  allied  tu  tlie  I'liiniMean  species,  liiit  In  wliidi,  never- 
tlicle.-s,  till'  lirsl  vein  ends  in  the  second,  as  it  does  in  tin-  other 
('i/l,'iiilrtth)iiiiiin,  and  the  liraneh  h  is  wantiiiif.  Miit  there  are  a 
lew  'I'ijiiil.  /o/(j//y/f//y)/ (tor  instance  hohr/iujn  za)  where  the  second 
vein  has  no  fork,  and  then  the  reseinlilance  to  the  ('ijliiiilnihnniiia 
ill  iliiit  iMirtion  of  the  venation  is  coniplete. 

:;.  Ill  all  the  specimens  which  1  iiavu  had  an  opportunity  to 
e.\;iniiiie,  the  aiixiliary  vein  docs  neither  join  the  costa  (as  in  the 
iiiiijiiriiy  of  the  Tip.  hrcrijia/jii),  nor  the  iirst  lon^itndiiial  vein 
(;i<  ill  the  'J'l']).  loiiiji/Ki/jii),  lint  it  stops  short  al)rnptly,  jii>t  liclore 
the  stiiiiiia  (conipare  al)ove,  the  li^'iircs  4  and  a)  ;  sonic  di>taiice 
iMl'dre  its  abrupt  Icrnilnatioii,  soiiictinies  close  liy  it,  the  auxiliary 
Vein  is  coiincclcd  with  liie  Iirst,  lonu'itndinal  vein  liy  a  >hort,  ol'ii  n 
imlistinct  cross  vein.  'I'lnis,  in  this  important  character,  the 
('ijlnulr(il(iiiiii)(i  hold  iho  niiddle  hetwcen  the  Tij).  IniKjii^dlpi 
and  hrcrijitilj)/'. 

We  may  sum  np  the  iiroocdin,tr  examination  Ity  sayini;-  that  th 
i'i/lin(lf<ili)iitiii(i,  with  all  the  i»revailinfi'  characters  of  the  7'//'. 
Iiri'rii»iljii,  show  important  aberrations  in  the  course  of  the  veins 
ill  the  vicinitv  of  the  stiii'iiia,  aherrations  which  iirove  a  leaiiiiiu' 
tiiwards  the  7Vy^  lonijijxtlpi.  The  latent  allinity  to  the  hitter  Is 
further  jn'oved  liy  the  presence  of  spurs  mi  the  tiliia,  ami  liy  llie 
jri'iieral  ai)]tearancc  ;  the  colorinir  of  the  ('ijlinilrnloiuiiiii  reminds 
vrry  imich  of  the  two  princij)al  ji'cnera  of  the  TijiuliiKi — ('ijlin- 
dnilnma  of  I'dcJii/rrhiuo,  and  Piialncrdccni  of  I'ijiiila. 

If  I  have  irmie  into  some  detail  with  resjiard  to  the  above  in- 
dicnted  structural  honiolo,u:ies  il  is  not  that  I  attach  an  absolute 
iiii|i()rtaiiec  to  them.  New  forms  may  be  discovered,  which  may 
liiHiiips  overthrow  tlie  sup])oscd  homolojries  between  the  venation 
of  ('i/lin(Jr(il(»)ia  and  Tijuiln  :  but  the  perusal  of  my  statements 
will,  I  ho))e,  in  one  way  ])rove  useful  to  thosowho  may  have  to 
(li-crilie  these  new  forms  ;  it  will  indicate  to  them  the  characters 
deserving  to  be  mentioned  in  their  descriptions,  oliaraeters  which 


'm 


,1  v:  I 


■■4 

m. 


m 

■If 


m 


n 


i 


:.]\ 


■f 


n- 


;:-" 
%'.. 


M 


IM' 


\Ui, 


P».'1  -MK 


\'^,'''i 


f*!. 


tJ!t-J  MI'TKIIA  tir  NoUTir  AMKIUCA.  [PAHT  IV. 

(iflii-rwisc  would  proliultly  lie  ovfrluokcd  l»y  oiitoniolo^'ist.s  win* 
liavc  mil  iiiiid)'  tlif   Tiimlidn  tlioii"  i's|KM'iul  stiuly. 

Tlie  sliMirliirc  (»r  Imtli  male  and  female  jrciiilal.s  of  the  ('iilin- 
tlrolintiind  shows  some  jieeidiarities  wliieli  deserve  to  he  iinliciij 

III  llie  I'oreeps  of  the  male  ('i/liiKlniliiinind  which  I  have  hail 
an  o|i|iortiinity  to  examine,  the  claw-shaped  hariiy  n|)peiid!iL''i's 
inserted  at  the  tip  of  the  inovalile  lia.-al  pieces  do  not  niei  i  cir 
overlap  eacdi  other,  as  usual.  In  the  slate  of  repose  they  iiii' 
folded  liaeUwards,  like  the  i)Iade  of  a  peid<nife,  towards  the  uppii' 
side  (if  ihcir  iiasal  pieces.  A  wvy  characteristic,  lon^',  linniy, 
linear  or;;-a:i,  which  i  have  called  (iiiilciis,  usually  i»rotrnilrs 
when  the  forceps  is  opened,  and  sometimes  remains  haiiiriiiLr  mi 
the  outside  even  in  dry  speelnieiis.  This  orjran  consists  of  ilircf 
slender  horny  styles,  coiimile  at  their  hasis,  which  is  especially  the 
case  with  J'linldcrDcrrti  lijuiliiiii  ;  each  of  the  styles  has  a  kiioli 
at  the  tip  in  Ci/l.  iiodiconiis  ().  S.  und  in  Triotjina ;  in  Ci/liinlrn- 
tiimn  nitirn'r(tii(i  these  styles  are  so  far  connate  that  the  aeiiliii> 
assumes  the  sliajx'  of  a  lamella  with  three  sharp  points  at  it>ti|i,' 
separated  hy  deep  indentations. 

The  ovi|»osit(ir  of  the  female  is  distiiifruished  l>y  its  short,  lirniiii, 
fiiliaeeous  valves,  rounded  at  the  tip.  Nothiii}^  sinular  is  lu  lie 
found  anion;?  the  Tiimlidiv.  'I'he  ovijmsitor  of  (.'///.  tlislinf- 
tiKsiiiin  has  a  still  more  cuinplieated  structure,  whicli  will  lie 
(loscribcU  in  its  i)Ir.(r. 

2.    lIl.<!TORICAIi  ACCODST. 

The  history  of  this  groiij)  is  short,  ns  the  rccoprnition  of  its  tnic 
characters  is  only  of  recent  date.  The  i)rincipal  European  Ci/lin- 
ilmldiitiiiii  were  known  for  a  long  time  before  any  connection  was 
discovered  between  them,  and  on  the  other  hand  the  genus 
('i/liinlrn/niiKi  was  iirst  established  and  long  niainlaincd,  upmi  ii 
))iu'elv  artilicial  character,  which  caused  many  foreign  ekimiits 
to  be  introduced  in  it. 

The  genus  Ci/litxlrotonmhas  been  adopted  byMacquart  in  1S3] 
(Ili.-^t.  Xdlxr.  (Irs  Dipt.  Vol.  I,  )>.  ]t)7)  ;  he  formed  it  out  of  two 
Kuropean  {distiiicfittsiwa  and  macroptcrd)  and  a  North  AinericiUi 

'  Tlu'  forceps  of  the  European  Cjih  glahmta  Meig.  seems  to  lie  luiilt  wytnx 
a.  diiroreiit  plan  ;  Imt  I  cannot  well  judge  of  it  from  a  single  dry  siH'tiiiun. 
The  structure  of  its  aculeus,  as  far  as  I  could  perceive,  is  the  same  as  in 
Ct/l.  nudicoriiis  0.  S. 


CVLIMiUi'liiMIN  A. 


]'X\ 


s]iccic>  (intirrmrrn  Say).  'I'lic  rir.-t  nf  tlicsc  tiii'ft'  spccir-'  lias 
riiiiaiiH'tl  as  tin-  lypc  t>\'  llic  ;ri'iHis  ;  lln'  scrdiitl,  accnriliii^-  in  lln- 
iiiiii'|in'talioii  i»l'  Sta^'cr,  liucw,  ami  nllicrs,  is  f-yiiuiiymuii.-  wiili 
/'/(/  jiilii.tti  SrJiiiiM.  ;  tlif  tliini  is  a  l.inuKijihiht.  'I'lic  unly  rliar- 
iiricr  wliifli  has  iiidiiml  Mac(|iiart  (niiii|ian'  .Mar(|.  />//7.  /•,'./"/. 
I.  I",  •"i")  t<'  st'paralf  tiicsi.'  spfcics  IVniii  l.iinnohin,  ami  In  |ilarc 
lliriii  umlcr  a  rdiiiimni  frt'iicric  iippi'llatioii,  is  llic  >lriictiiir  i\\' 
tlnir  ahlciiiia',  wliirh  liavi-  cldiiuratnl,  cylimlriral  Joints'  In  lln' 
Ihjilrn.'i  llrnliiinra  the  sainr  aiith<ii'  athlfil  ihri'c  mnre  species  to 
the  ireiiiis,  all  of  whieh  arc  lU'imirn,  ami  have  aiileiime  o|'  nii 
ciiiii'ely  (lilVert'iit  stnieturc  {wrimtdcla  Wieil.,  iVoiii  .hi\a,  /•»///- 
t-nniix  .Ma('(|.,  ami  iri/f/iron'ii/Kihi  Wicii.,  Iiolh  from  I'.ra/.ii)! 
Tliis  shows  the  vagueness  of  MaiMpiart's  coiieeptioii  of  the  jieinis 
lie  WHS  iiilrodueiii^^ 

Stiiu'ei'  (AVn/V/''.s  Titlsf.r.  III.  ]).  .'5(1)  Iiased  his  definition  of 
('ijliiiilri)litni(i  likewise  on  the  stnietiire  of  the  aiilt'iiiia'. 

In  l.S4'.>  Mr.  Loew  (lescriitcd  Ci/hiit/r.  /(/'/r/iv/(/,*/.s'  from 
Sihi'ria.  lie  nhserves  oorreetly  that  ('.  (lislinc/iKsinui  has  to  lie 
niiisidered  as  the  typo  of  the  f^eiiiis,  and  that  the  two  other 
species,  adiled  liy  Mae»piart,  do  nut  l»eloii<r  to  it.  Nevertheless, 
tlic  four  species  found  liy  tlu^  same  author  in  ainl)er  and  nient ioncd 
hy  liini  fs  (Ujli)}ilri>lu)Hir  [I'h.  <l.  Ilii'iis/rin  iiml  die  Jlrri>.<(riii- 
j'diiiKi,  is.")!)),  belong  all  to  the  jireniis  /jininop/iihi. 

Mr.  Zetti-rstedt  (/>/>.'.  Sc(in>l.  X,  p.  :5!MMI ;  Is.")!)  placed  (la 
jiili}f!(i  in  the  ;r«'iius  dijlinilnildtna,  tofjether  with  (!.  dixlhir- 
tl.<.'<iiiin  ;  at  the  same  time  Trio(jma  cvficulji/d  and  I'/kiI.  njili- 
ciiln  are  left  amonu;  the  Limnobifr,  allhoneli  their  relatiunsl;i[>  to 
('ilUi)(h-itli>m(i  is  iiotieed  (1.  c.  i)aj;e  .'{S"l)). 

.Mr.  TIaliday  (in  Walker'.s  Insccfn  llrildnnicn,  hijitrra,  IIP.  p. 
.'!!•_*;  ls,")('))  ji-ave  a  detailed  aeeoiint  of  the  generic  characters  of 
CillinilrolnDin,  in  whieh  the  pe(Hjliuritie.s  uf  the  venation  are 
<'(irrcctly  stated. 

This  recognition  of  the  true  characteristics  of  f'i/liii(lrn(o))tn 
cdiild  not  l)e  considered  as  completed  as  long  as  this  genus  was 
not  i)laccd   in  the   same  group   with    /jimnobia  (riauhata   and 


'  It  is  sint^nlar  that  Macquart  in  characterizing  the  genus  calls  the  an- 
tt'ini.T  D-jointed,  whereas  the  figure  he  gives  of  C.  ilistitirtissimd  shows  17 
joints.  Ili.s  lignre  of  C.  mncniptera  shows  13  joints,  in  conformity  to  tiie 
ilt'scription,  and  if  this  statement  is  correct,  the  species  cannot  be  Ula 

inliisn. 


iJTi 


'i  I. 


ii.  : 


ii--  ?.'. 


'  .1 :,  r 


K-!. 


■!■;::!■. 


"'.')  ;•! '  i 


2^)1 


1)II'TK1{.\  OK  NdlSTII   AMI.IMCA. 


[i.\i;i  IV. 


L/iininhid  rci'llfiita  \a\\.  'V\\\f  step  Wiis  hiki'ii  liy  |)r.  SchiiHp 
(»!■'//('/•  Kill.  Moiitilfiliv.  is(i;j,  iiiitl  FdiuKi  Aiistninti,  Isiii). 
lie  |niini('(l  (Mil  lliis  n'latioiislii|>,  pi-diMiscd  lor  these  ,-|iici(^  i||,. 
new  ii'eiieni  'I'riixjmd  iiiid  I'hiiliiirnci  rt>,  :iii(i  u;ive  tti  the  whulc 
gr(iii|i  the  lijiiiH'  of  Liiiiiiohi'iiii  ci/liii(h-i>/(iiiu /'nniiiii. 

Ill  ISC,.")  (/'/-or.  h'liliiiil.  Snc.  J'ln'ldd.  Vol.  IV,  p.  -i-JI)  I  ,1,.. 
perilled  for  'he  lir.'^t  time  \orlli  Aiiierieiiu  insects  of  this  uiduii; 
I'onr  species,  hcionn'inf;  to  the  three  nliove-iiaiiied  n-cud'n  Tin' 
j)osilion  assiii'ned  to  the  ('i/liii(lnil<)iiiiii(i  in  the  present  pulilicn- 
tion  diU'ers  IVoni  dial  wliicli  they  t»ccupy  in  |)r.  Schiiier's  wmk, 
lie.xl  lotlie  LiiHiuibiiut  (iiHiinahi.  'I'iiis  elianu'e  i.t'  ])hice  is  iiiirmlnl 
to  indicate  tiio  alliiiities  lietween  the  ('ijliiKlrnlnniiini  and  ihr 
Tii'iilina;  it  hiis  the  I'lirtlier  advantau'c  of  reinovinu'  tiie  CiiHi,- 
(Ini/miiiiKi  from  aun)lij;  the  spurless  '/'i/mliiln ,  and  jdaciiiu' liuiii 
in  the  midst  of  those  which  are  jtrovitU'd  with  spurs. 

3.   OisTKiiirTioN  IN  (?i:ni:i!A. 

Vr.  Schiller  luis  di-lrilnitcd  the  Muropcau  Ci/liinlrnhDiiiiKi 
iimon.u:  tliree  genera:  TriiK/nKi,  wilii  one  species  {T.  /risiilrnin 
Selinm.)  ;  I'hdliicnivfni,  with  /'.  rcjil/fdld  L.,  and  < 'i/liii(lri>liiii,ii 
with  ( '.  (lis/iiii'tixsiDKi  AI.,  (/Idhrdld  M.,  )ii(irircii/ris  Loew,  iiiid 
(lii-trsd  Walk.  ('.  (jldhrdld.  however,  liy  tiie  stnictiire  of  ii< 
aiiteniia!,  of  its  nniie  forceps,  and  \>\  its  venation,  is  siilliiicnily 
distinct  from  i'.  (lisliiic/lsxiiiid  to  lie  set  n[>  as  u  separate  ,L;riiii\ 
The  two  retnainin;^  species  of  (U/liiidniloidd  1  have  not  seen,  liiit 
jiid'i-iiijj:  from  tiie  description  of  one  of  them,  ( '.  nii/rii-ciilfis.  ii 
i.s  chisely  allied  to  <'.  (lis/nicliKKiiiut. 

Aiiioiit!:  the  North  .Vinerican  species  we  have  in  Trl(.ijn)ii  i\r- 
fcdl/i/d  ().  S.  a  form  closely  analoji'ons  with  7'.  /risdlculn  :  in 
('i/liddi-dfonid,  ddicrifdiid,  ().  S.  a  form  almost  ideiilical  wiili 
('.  (lisliiir/issiiidi.  The  coloriii"''  of  ('.  noilii-ornix  ().  S.  i>  so 
much  like  that,  of  tlie  Kuropean  ('.  (jldhrdld,  tlnii,  ai  first  tiliimr, 
they  niiti-Jiti  lie  taken  for  the  satne  sjx'cies  ;  and  one  is  siirpri-ril 
1o  liiid,  upon  examination,  that  tiieyshow  not  iiiiiniportanl  diU'ir- 
cnces  in  the  strnctiire  of  the  anteni'io,  <d'  the  male  j;eiiitiil>,'  nml 
in  tlie  venation  of  the  wini>;s.     Tiie  forceps  of  (,'.  uiHlii-orni^  O,  S., 

'  I  havo  soen  but  one  dry  spccimHU  of  (\  iilnhrntn,  %  ,  .ami  cui  Imt  im- 
jit'rfi'ctly  jiiil,u;o  of  its  f()rce|is.  It  woiilil  U'  intere^'tiuif  to  invi'stiuiitii 
wliftliiT  it  is  rcidiy  .so  dillVreiit  from  the  typical  form  of  tlio  C'yliiiili"i"miii>i 
a.s  it  appearij  tu  mo. 


CVI.INDIMITUMIN'A. 


L>'.): 


v*,-i^ 


'5. 

1 

■  >^ 

'.Jut? 

1 

''t 

■    ':  ,«<•,• 

1 

"J    *    ■ 

•  ;5 

i'.nJ 


till'  ;ilis('ii('i>  of  thi'  small  cross-vein  on  tlu«  winirs,  junl  tlic  sculp- 
ture of  tlic  tliorux  remind  of  Truxjma  so  niucli,  liiai  liefoi'c  I 
iiitil  >eeM  ('.  [ihihrata.,  1  prelerrcd  to  place  ('.  iiiKlicuriiis  in  llic 
iffinis  'I'riiiijnui,  nillier  tliun  to  connect  it  witli  ( '.  iniivrii-ini(i 
((■(ini|Kire  my  description  of  this  species  in  I'mc.  l',iil>>iii.  Sm; 
I'liildd.  ISC..')).  'I'lie  fact  is  llial  tlicse  sjx'cit'S  represent  a  [ri'ada- 
timi  wliieli  Ijallles  every  attempt  al  a  ficnerie  arranti'cnient. 

'["lie  Niirtli  American  /'/idhtrrocfni  lijinliiiii  0.  S.  sliows  an 
imiiiirtant  dilVerence  in  tlu"  veinilion  from  tlie  typical  I'huliiirn- 
cTd.  tlie  Knropean  /'.  rcplicald  ;  but  tlie  reseud)lanec  in  tlieir 
c'dloriic^r  and  j^eni'ral  appearance  is  very  iireat. 

Ill  order  to  avoid  tlie  cstal>lisli:iieni  of  a   new  ti'eniis  for  aliuosi, 


every  species 


pi e; 


known,  which  would  prohahly  neeessilale  a  similar 
for  every  .--pecies  to  be  discovered  hereafter,  1  have  pre- 
ferred to  retain  Dr.  Schiiier's  three  frencra,  allhon^h  since  the 
discovery  of  the  North  American  spi-cies  those  genera  rest  more 
upnii  tlie  urnerai  iippearance  of  the  insects  than  upon  characters 


wlin 


h  admit  of  a  strict  definition.      Actiiiu;  upon  this  priiicipl 


1  have  placed  in  the  u'cnus  ('>/liii(lrolniii(i,  the  insect  which  I  had 
ik'scrilied  in  iSlii)  under  the  name  of  TriixjiiKi  iiudicdrnit^. 

4.  Ij.\i!V.i:. 

The  early  staji'cs  of  tlie  ('i/liiidro/fniiiixt  seem  to  lie  as  nnoma- 

loiis  as  the  structure  of  the  perfect    insect.      The  larva  of  ( '.  (!/.■<- 

Iliii-Hf'.<li))ii,  instead  of  heiiijx  found   niidcrnTound,  or  in  <leeaye(l 

Wdiiil  or  in  fuii,u:i,  like  most  tipididcous  larva',  a>siiiiies  the  habits 


nil 


il  more  or  less  the  e.xterior  of  a   lepidoplcrous   larva,  and  li\( 


uiiiiii  tlit<   leaves  of  certain   )»lants.      The   larva  of  I'/mldiTo 


rcrd 


rcjtlinitii^  ^\\\\  niore  sin,<;'ular  in  structure,  lives  under  water,  uj-.oii 
water  [ilants  (more  details  about  both  larvie  will  be  niven  liiiow). 

f).  (ii'OdKAPiiicAi,  DisTiaiu-rio.v. 
Ui'side.-.  the  six  species  from  the  old  \\(irld  and  the  four  from 
Nerth  Ann>rica,  whicii  have  been  iiieiilioiied  on  the  preeeilinu.' 
I'iiiris,  no  other  descrilied  Cijliiitlrdldiiiiii'i  can  be  iianied  hn-tr 
with  any  desxree  of  certainly.  ('i/liinlrol<iiii(t  alliil(ir.<ift,  from 
.lava,  ileserilted  bv  Doleschall,  Xafintr/,:  'I'ljilsr/ir.  Xcdrrl.   Iiulic, 


DIIKl, 


Vol.  XIV,  p.  If),  Tab.  IV,  liir.  1.  nu\  hardly  be  a  ('t/li,i,ln,r 
1111(1  its  venation  seems  to  show  some  analouT  to  that  of  LiiDunliia, 
trnih'i^nhlii  Wieti.  {Aksx.  Zir.  I,  p.  a.M,  Tab.  VI,  h,  lig.  12),  from 


il 


290 


DIPTEUA  OP  NORTH  AMKIUCA. 


[I'AItT  IV. 


Sumatra.  About  Cyliiulr.  ornatUaima  Duk'schall,  from  Anilinina 
(I.  0.  A'(»l.  XVI  r,  ]).  80),  I  liave  no  oi)inioti,  and  I  may  stiv  tin.' 
saiiio  about  Cijliuilr.  hyaloplcra  I'liilippi,  from  Chile  (  Virh. 
Zool.  JJuf.  (fcs.  ill  Wirn,  iSCio,  \).  (;14).  The  descriptions  (irimth 
species  are  too  short  \o  enable  nio  to  judge  whether  these  sp"ci('< 
are  really  Cijlindrotomsa  or  not. 


?. 


:H.:. 


Gen.  XLI.    CYLI\DROTO]tIA. 

First  longitudinal  v<'iii  incnrved  at  the  tip  towanls  the  second  nnd  ond- 
ini;  in  it  (and  not  in  tlie  costa)  ;  a  marginal,  a  sulunarginal,  a  cliscal,  ;iii.l 
Jin  posterior  cells.'  Antenn;e  l>i-}o\\)t{;d,  Jninls  suliri/liiKln'c'il,  rloii'iiiiid: 
first  joint  short,  not  longer  than  the  second.  Eyes  bare,  separated  liy  a 
rather  broad  interval  above  and  below  the  bead.  Tibiie  with  distinct  sjiuis 
at  the  ti}).  Kmpodia  distinct.  Forceps  of  the  male  with  claw-r-liajunl 
horny  appendages,  which,  in  the  state  of  repose,  are  folded  backwiu.l-, 
like  the  blade  of  a  penknife,  towards  the  uppt^r  side  of  their  basal  iiii'ii'>; 
a  long,  narrow,  linear  lamella,  deeply  tridentate  at  the  tip,  i)rotrudi's  win-ii 
the  forceps  is  opened.     Coloring  yellow,  with  black  stripes  and  si)Ots. 

Head  rather  broad  posteriorly.  Proljoseis  very  short ;  iialpi 
somewhat  elongated,  last  joint  elongated  ;  in  C.  americami  it  is 
al)()ut  cipial  in  length  to  the  two  i)recediiig  joints  taken  tugitliir, 
The  anteiiuic  of  the  nmle  with  elongated,  almost  cylindrical  Jnim-; 
finely  pubescent,  with  short,  thin,  rather  scattered  vi'rticiis;  iIium' 
of  the  female  shorter,  less  puljescent.  In  both  sexes,  the  lii-t 
joint  is  reniarkal)le  for  its  shortness.  Collare  nnxleratcly  ilr- 
veloped.  Thorax  short,  stout.  Feet  slender;  spurs  at  tin'  lip 
of  the  tibitc  of  moderate  length  ;  fore  coxa^  short  ;  einpodia  ili>- 
tinct;  excision  at  the  basis  of  the  last  tarsal  joint  of  the  nialc.  nu 
the  under  side,  rather  small,  aiul  this  joint  not  i)articiil;iily 
modified.  Abdomen  long,  sleinler,  conspi(,'nonsly  club-siiii|)iil  at 
the  tip,  in  the  male  ;  th(>  long,  narrow,  linear,  horny  lamella,  which 
usually  })rotrudes  when  the  living  insect  opens  its  forceps,  iiii!< 
in  three  sharp  points.  The  ovipositor  of  the  feiualc!  of  r, '//.-- 
tincfissinia  has  a  very  ])eculiar  structure.  It  is  rather  large;  the 
upper  valves  are  lainelliforin  towards  the  tip,  and  the  lower  n||(^■^ 
jire  curved  in  such  a  manner  as  to  leave  a  consideraltle  ciiiiity 
space  between  them  and  the  upper  ones.  Although  1  have  imt 
seen  the  female  of  C.  amcricana,  I  have  no  doubt,  from  its  clo>o 

'  /'oh;-  in  Ci/t.  iiodicoriiis  0.  S.  ;  it  will  be  explained  below,  that  this 
generic  character  applies  only  to  tlie  typical  species,  C.  distinctissimn  ami 
(imcricatKt, 


'1; 


mafel 


J 


CYLINDROTOMA. 


297 


roscmblanoc  to  the  European  species,  that  the  ovipositor  has  a 
siiiiiliir  striieture.  Tlie  i)eeuliarilies  of  the  venation,  compared 
to  that  of  the  other  TipuUdie,  have  been  explained  in  tlie  {reiieral 
reinarics  on  the  Cijlii\drolomina{\>.  290);  the  auxiliary  vein  stops 
short  abruptly,  and  is  somewhat  in<listinetly  connected  near  its 
tip  with  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein;  the  latter,  instead  of  cndini^ 
ill  tlie  costa,  is  incurved  towards  the  second  lon<ritndiiial  vein, 
anil  ends  in  it ;  a  more  or  less  indistinct  cross-vein  connects  it 
with  the  costa ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  forms  with  the  third 
a  firk,  neither  of  the  l)ranches  of  which  is  in  a  straight  line  with 
tin'  piu'furca  (a  dilTerent  structure  of  this  fork  characterizes 
Pliiil(tcroccra) ;  the  small  cross-vein  is  always  present  and  not 
rciidered  obsolete,  as  in  Trionmrt,  by  the  contact  of  the  sub- 
marginal  with  the  discal  cell ;  the  discal  cell  is  elongated,  and  its 
inner  end  is  nearer  to  the  root  of  the  wing  than  the  inner  end  of 
till'  sulnnarginal  cell ;  of  the  three  veins  emitted  by  the  discal 
cell  towards  the  margin  of  the  wing,  the  anterior  one  in  the 
Kurojiean  C.  ditilindi.fi^ima  and  in  C.  americuna  has  a  braiieh- 
VL'iii,  inclosing  one  more  posterior  cell,  of  which  these  species 
have  thus  yZfc  instead  of  four.  (Judging  by  Dr.  Schiner's  ex- 
])rcs>ioiis  aI)out  this  character,  it  seems  as  if  it  was  not  altogether 
constant,  and  that  occasionally  specimens  of  C.  d/.-'linc/issiina 
with  fnar  posterior  cells  occur;  but  this  must  be  a  very  raro 
exception.) 

Tlic  generic  character,  as  defined  above,  applies  to  the  Kuro- 
pcaii  (J.  dixtijwtissima  and  the  American  ('.  amcricnna.  CijUn- 
(Iruloma  (jhtbra/a  M.  and  )wdicornis  O.  S.  have  l)een  included  in 
tlie  genus,  in  order  to  avoid  the  necessity  of  introducing  a  new 
one  (compare  above,  p.  295).  n'h(\vditrer  from  the  typical  species 
in  the  following  characters  :  the  lirst  joint  of  their  anteiiiue  has 
tlio  usmd  elongated  shape,  and  is  distinctly  longer  tluiii  the 
.'^(■(•011(1  ;  the  antenntc  of  the  male  are  of  an  entirely  dill'erent 
structure;  the  head  is  more  narrowed  posteriorly,  the  thorax 
less  short  and  differently  sculptured;  the  tip  of  the  aluloiiieii  of 
('.  imdicornix  O.  S.  is  narrower  and  less  conspicuously  ciiil)- 
?liniic(l  ;  the  lamella  of  the  forceps  consists  of  three  liiu'ar,  horny 
styles,  connate  at  their  ))ases,  and  each  with  a  small  kintb  at  the 
tip:  the  ovipositor  of  the  fennde  consists  of  four  broad  valves, 
roniiiled  at  the  tip,  and  joined  to  each  other  without  leaving  an 
open  interval  between  them ;  the  discal  cell  is  much  shorter,  and 


■  '       "'l 

'm 

.'•  ".''■ 

i  ■■'.' 

■ .  A  ■;« '     ■  ■ ' 

■    B 


I 


.t 

i 


i 


''  I  Ji< 


5/ 


".  \ 


i  Slrl   ' '    t 


UM 


illlliM^' 


'"  '  I  ■  ! ' 

■"rii 


298 


Dll'TKllA  Ot"  NOKTII  AMKUICA. 


[I'AKT 


its  inner  end  is  fiii'llic;'  IVoni  tlic  iMot  of  tin'  win.L's  lluin  ihc  inin'i- 
rnd  1)1'  tlic  siiliinii:\u-iiiiil  cell  ;  tlio  small  civos-vcin,  iilllhMii;li 
l)r('>cnt  in  ('.  (jhihra/d,  is  wantiiif;-  in  tlic  nnijority  of  the  s|icciiiiciis 
of  ('.  iiodii-nntiH ;  and  lastly,  lliere  are  Jour,  instead  dl'  //,•,• 
jtosterior  eells. 

However  niMcli  C.  <jl<il)r<i/(i  and  /;oJ/ror;*/.s  nniy  dillrr  frmii 
Trio'iiiui  in  tlieir  general  appearance  and  in  tlieir  eoloriiiM-  ii,,.^- 
have  nmre  alliinty  to  tliis  ji-enns  llian  to  the  typical  t'l/limlnilniii;!. 
Tliis  ailinity  appears:  in  tlie  slructni'e  of  tlu;  aiitenna\  ilie 
sculpture  of  the  thorax,  the  shape  of  the  discal  cell,  the  nuiulici- 
of  posliM-ior  cells,  the  strnctnri' of  the  lamella  of  the  male  fnrci'i)s. 
The  Ann.Ticaii  (/.  uodiconiift  ().  S.  did'ers  from  ('.  (jl/ihnilii  in 
liaviiiiT^  ill  nornnil  specimens,  the  suitmaru'inal  cell  in  close  ciii- 
tac),  at  the  basis,  with  the  discal  cell  (Tab.  I,  fijr.  T,  winu'of  ('. 
nixliconiix),  in  conse(|iiciiec  of  which  the  small  cross-\ciii  is 
wantiiiu'.  The  same  is  the  case  with  both  species  of  Triniimn. 
In  the  Pror.  Enloin.  Sor.  J'liilinL  ISCi."),  p.  2;>1),  I  did  not  hesiiutt! 
to  locate  C.  iiodicoriuK  in  the  u:enus  Trioyinti :  Itut  at  that  liiuo 
I  iiad  not  seen  the  European  ('.  (jhihni/a.  h  will  lie  nec(ssu'v 
ultimately  to  establish  a  new  a-eniis  for  these  two  species  (it  iiiiiv 
J)e  called  IJixjma,  fnnn  the  eimracter  of  the  furrows  which  are 
more  smooth  than  those  of  TritK/ma).  lint  1  al)staiii  fnnii 
characterizing:  this  <>:enns,  as  I  am  not  (piite  certain  alxnit  tlif 
position  of  <J.  niyrivenlris  Loew,  and  dircrsa  Walk.,  wliirli  I 
have  not  seen. 

The  word  Ci/Undroloma  is  derived  from  xvUiS^wi,  eylimlrr,  ami 
•rt>Mo,  I  cut,  in  allusion  to  the  sha[)e  of  the  antennal  joints  of  the 
tyi)ieal  si>ecies. 

The  larva  of  Cijlindrotoma  didiuctissima  lives  on  Ihe  umlrr 
sldi!  of  the  lca\(S  of  dillcreiit  plants,  as  Vi<da,  Anemune,  >A'/- 
Jaria,  and  eats  elontrated  holes  in  them  ;  it  is  oreen,  elonuati'il, 
flattened,  linear,  but  little  attenuated  at  both  ends,  with  a  Imiiii- 
tudinal  crest  along;  its  back,  consistin<r  of  a  row  of  fleshy  pro- 
cesses, pointing  backwards;  the  lateral  margin  is  broad,  with 
many  e.xeision.s,  formed  ))y  fleshy  points.  The  larva,  before  trans- 
forming, leaves  the  plant  upon  which  it  fed,  and  fastens  itxlf  to 
ponse  grass-stalk,  Hi)on  which  it  undergoes  the  i)npa  state.  Tin' 
pupa  is  not  unlike  that  of  some  Ticpidoptera ;  the  thora.\  bi'iifs 
several  horny  processes.  The  first  description  and  the  only  llgiifc 
of   this   larva   have    been    given    by    Schellenberg    {Genres  dc 


CYl.lNDHOTii.MA. 


-2W 


^l(,iirl,r.<  J>ijili'r(:-i,  lS(t:{,  'I'ali.  XWIIi,  a  circuiiistaiico  wliii-li 
li;is  lircii  (Milirt'ly  ovcrldiiki'd  sinci',  ju'dlialtly  Itt'causc  this  inillioi* 
tiKik  till!  insect  lof  a  I'dc/ii/rr/iiiiti).  IJdic  ( AV///» '/•'.>•  'I'idflr.  II, 
)i.  -I'M;  ISoS)  made  a  sliurt  iiii'iilinii.  mkI  ZolltT  (/.n/s,  184>',  \). 
^{)X)  ,i;:ivc  the  hcst  ilr.-x-riptiuii  of  llit-  larva. 


fv 


"^^n 


'■'■'^n 


Di'sriijilion  iif  the  <tf)fcir<. 

1.  ('.  itiliei'icailcl.  <^.  S.  ■Jj . —  Fl.iva,  caiiitc  llavo,  tliomcH  iiiarro- 
las.  i.it".  anti'iiiiaruiii  aiticulis  sui'uyliiuiricis,  elonyiiti.s  ;  cellulis  pos- 
teiii)i'iliiis  (jiiiiKiiif. 

Yellow,  licail  yellow,  tlioiax  stripcil  witli  I'lack,  aiiteiiiinD  with  subeylimlri- 
ual,  cloiitratt'd  joints  ;    livt-  {lostt'i'iur  cells.      Long,  coi'i).  ('.4"). 

Sv.N.  ('iiliiidroioiiKi  (iiiii  ricinni  O.  Sa(i;i:n,  I'roc.  Kntom.  isoc.  Phil.  ISti."),]).  'DG. 

ilcail  i>alo  yi'llnw,  fouiuk'd  and  Init  littU;  attenuated  pos- 
tcriiirlv  ;  a  j»ale  Iji'own  sput  on  tlie  vertex;  palj)!  Iji'owii  ;  tlio 
aiitcniiu'.  i*'  extended  backwards,  Wduld  ivaeli  the  end  of  the 
sci'diid  a.Mluininal  segment  ;  two  Iiasal  joints  pale  yellnw,  tlie  first 
not  iiiiich  Idiiirei'  tlian  tlie  secmid  ;  tliinl  joint  vellow  at  the 
txti'i'iiK!  l)asis  only,  eionu'ated,  cylindrical;  tlie  followinj;  joints 
ln'own,  a  little  shorter  than  the  third,  elontrated.  sui»cylindrieal, 
sliuiitly  attenuated  at  the  basis;  they  are  nearly  of  the  same  length 
to  the  end  (»('  the  antenna  ;  the  llagellum  is  clothed  on  both  sides 
with  a  delicate  and  dense  pubescence,  among  which  some  longer, 
hut  also  very  delicate  verticils  are  scattered.     Thorax  pale  yel- 


i\v,  (ipacpie  above,  witii  a   Ijiaek,  opacpie   stripe   in  t 


middU 


reaching  from  the  scutelhim  to  the  eoliarc.  and  diviiled  loiigitiidi- 
iially  iiy  a  very  narrow  yellow  line;  the  lateral  stripes  are  dark 
liriiwii,  sometimes  (tale  lirowii,  alil)reviated  anteriorly  and  reach- 
ing: liiymid  tlie  suture  posteriorly;  a  brown  spot  on  the  pleura', 
iM'tuei'ii  the  root  oi' the  wings  and  the  collare  and  another  brown 
simt  oil  each  side  of  the  sternuin,  lietweeii  tiie  lirst  and  secoiul 
Jiair  of  eoxa' 


lalteres  pale,  dusky  at  tip;  feet  yellow,  tarsi 
iiruwii  towards  the  tip.  Abd(unen  bn-wnish-yellow,  darker  along 
tlie  lateral  margins;  its  tip  (in  the  male)  is  rather  stout,  cliib- 
sliaiicil.      Winu's   hvaline,   verv  sliii-htlv   tinired   with    vellowish- 


CUUIVnl 


is;   stigma  short,  pale;  the  pra-furca  and  tli(>  remainii 


Iff 


portion  of  the  second  vein  are  almost  of  ecpial  length  ;  the  (irst 
vein  cuds  in  the  secoud  at  about  the  middle  of  the  outer  section 
of  the  latter;  suljinargiiuU  cell  a  little  lunger  than  tlio  first  pus- 


I 


f 


m 


tii'i 


I 


i 


■■:■■  li 


800 


DII'TKUA  OF  NORTH  AAIEIUCA. 


[I'AllT 


i.  ;  I ' 


1'  t \> 


'U    i 


:fi;^ 


ifrior  ;  siii:ill  crDss-vcin  sliort ;  disciil  cell  nulicr  l;ir;i'(',  cldiiuiiitd : 
its  iiiiirr  (11(1  pointed  and  nearer  to  tlie  basis  of  the  win;;'  tluiii 
the  inner  end  of  tlie  sultniarji'inal  cell  ;  the  itosteriui"  end  ol'  tlic 
diseal  eell  ciuits  four  veins  towards  the  nuirgin  ;  the  anterior 
anionii'  tlic-e  veins  is  verv  arenated  at  its  basis,  so  that  tlie  eell  it 
forms  >eeiiis  to  l)e  earved  out  of  the  first  jxtsterior  eel!  ;  i:rc;it 
cross-vein  soniewliat  bexoiid  the  l)asis,  bnt  liefore  the  middle  nf 
the  (liscal  eell;  lil'th  loiijritiidinal  vein  ineurved  at  the  tip  (iiKiie 
strnelnral  details  al»(jnt  tiiis  species  have  been  given  anioiij;-  tin- 
generic  characlers). 

J/<ih.  \Vhitc  Mountains,  >.'.  11.,  end  of  June,  18G4;  two  mulu 
speeiiiKiis. 

()h.-<rrr(i//o)i  I.  I  Iiave  not  seen  tlic  female  of  tliis  species,  liut 
I  suppose  that  its  antenna'  area  little  shorter  and  its  winjis  soini'- 
wliat  smaller;  at  least  these  characters  distinjiuisli  the  leinale  of 
C.  (lis/iiic/is.-iinia.  1  suppose  also  tliat  in  the  American  species, 
as  in  the  Knropean,  the  venation  may  btt  somewhat  variable,  and 
that  in  s(niie  eases  the  second  posterior  cell  may  be  petiolute, 
instead  of  sessile. 

Oh--^i'rr(t(ion  II.  I  will  mention  liere  some  peculiarities  of  the 
suture  of  the  tlnjrax  of  this  species,  which  1  have  omitted  in 
its  description,  as  unimportant  for  its  recognition.  The  tlioi-iicic 
transverse  suture  is  marked  by  a  very  delicate  groove  in  the 
shape  of  a  Y  or  of  a  fork,  the  two  ends  of  which  run  jiiinilhl 
towards  the  collare,  and  the  handle  reaches  the  scutelliiiii :  a 
transverse  impression  on  each  side  connects  this  fork  with  the 
sides  of  the  thorax,  near  the  root  of  the  wings,  and  thus  com- 
pletes the  transverse  suture.  These  slender  gnxjves  on  tin' 
thoracic  dorsum  foreshadow  the  more  distinct  sculpture  of  Tri- 
ognin.  The  scutelluiu  in  both  genera  has  two  distinct  i)its  neiir 
its  l)asis. 

Oh-^crrafion  III.  The  European  f.  (h'sliuclissima  is  almost 
identical  with  C.  americni)n.  The  three  specimens  of  the  I'oniier, 
which  1  can  compare,  show  the  following  difl'erenccs  :  the  dark 
spot  on  tl.c  head  and  the  strii)cs  of  the  thorax  are  not  brown,  hut 
of  ai»  opafpio  black  ;  there  is  a  black  spot,  divided  in  two  i)iirts  ijy 
a  fine  longitudinal  yellow  line,  on  the  ))osterior  part  of  the  nicta- 
thorax  (there  is  no  vestige  of  such  a  spot  in  G.  omericniui) ;  the 
feet  are  also  of  a  darker  coloring,  and  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  i>f 
the  tibiiu  are  distinctly  iiifuscated;  the  wings  have  a  more  di^-tinct 


'":*.■;; 


CYLINDUOTOMA. 


301 


pravish  tinge,  and  the  stigma  is  likewise  more  distinetl}'  colored. 
Tlic  paleness  of  uiy  two  American  si)eeim('ns  may  be  accidental; 
slill,  tlicy  would  show  at  least  a  vestige  of  the  spot  on  the  nielu- 
thurax,  if  it  occurred  in  better-colored  specimensj. 

a,  r.  nodicornisi  0.  S.  %  and  9. — Obscure  flara,  capit«  nigro, 
tlitiraie  iiigro-vittato,  aiiteiinin  uioniliforinibus,  aiticulid  eaiuui  brevi- 
bus,  subcorditbnuibus;  cellulis  posterioribus  qiiatUDr. 

Dark  yellow,  head  black,  tliorax  with  black  stripes,  anteiintu  nioiiilifonn, 
tlifir  joints  sbort,  almost  heart-shaped  ;  four  posterior  cells.  Long.  corp. 
(1.4— (•.42. 

Sy.v.    Tiioijina  nodicornis  0.  Sackex,  Proc.  Kntom.  Hoc.  Phil.  18G5,  p.  2159, 

Head  black,  shining;  palpi  brownish;  antenna}  dark  l)rown, 
r(.'a('irnig  a  little  beyond  the  basis  of  the  abdomen  in  the  male  and 
.somewhat  shorter  in  the  female  ;  two  basal  joints  and  the  l)asis 
of  the  third  browni.sh-yellow  ;  first  joint  cylindrical,  of  moderate 
length  ;  the  second  »short ;  the  joints  of  the  flagellum,  especially 
tlie  middle  ones,  are  not  much  longer  than  broad,  (expanded  on 
the  under  side  so  as  to  appear  almost  heart-shaped,  and  con- 
nected by  short  pedicels,  so  as  to  make  the  antenna  aj)pear 
nioiiiliform  ;  the  last  joint  's  abruptly  narrower  than  the  pre- 
ceding and  about  twice  1.  length,  subcylindrical ;  it  shows  a 
coarctation  in  the  middle,  which  is  more  apparent  in  some  (fresh) 
s])eeimens  than  in  others,  and  then  the  antenna?  may  be  taken  for 
iT-jointed;  in  the  female  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  niuch 
I'ss  expanded,  and  only  seven  or  eight  intermediate  joints  Jiave  a 
.strikingly  he.irt-shaped  appearance  ;  towards  the  tip,  they  become 
gniduaiiy  narrower;  in  both  sexes,  the  antenme  are  clothed  with 
a  soft,  dense,  pubescence,  much  denser  on  the  under  side,  and 
luiicli  more  striking  in  the  male  than  in  the  female ;  besides,  each 
j'ljiit  has  several  verticils  about  the  middle.  Thorax  honey- 
yellow,  with  three  black,  shining,  often  confluent  stripes  ;  sternum 
lit'tween  the  first  and  second  pairs  of  coxic,  black,  shining ;  this 
hiack  coloring  is  extended  upwards,  across  the  pleura.',  in  the 
sliupo  of  a  black,  but  not  shitdng  stripe  ;  a  black  opaipie  spot 
near  the  base  of  the  halteres,  aciculate  on  its  surface  ;  meta thorax, 
"1'  at  least  its  posterior  jjart,  black,  its  surface  rugose  (very  dark 
specinicns,  with  confluent  thoracic  stripes,  have  all  those  spots 
and  stripes  darker  and  more  extended  ;  tho«e  specimens,  on  the 
contra rv,  which  have  the  thoracic  stripe  separated  l)y  yellow, 
21 


■■'^i-- 
% 

M 


■-'    i: 


m 


■•'.I 


I"  I 

i 

m 


m 


n 


i,   • 


302 


DII'TEUA  (»F  NOKTir'  AMKHICA. 


[I'AKT  IV. 


H.  ■ 


mi 


especially  towards  tlir  .sciilcllmn,  have  also  tlie  oilier  lilaek  iiuirks 
smaller  in  extent  and  paler  in  eolorin^,  often  pale  hrown,  and  the 
steriiiiiii  is  blaek  on  the  sides  only,  yellow  in  the  middle).  A  wijl- 
marked  f^roove  extends  i'roni  the  sentellnni  alon;:?  the  jniddle  of 
the  intermediate  stripe,  and  is  int«'rrnpted  lonj^  hel'ore  reacliini: 
tiie  eollarc  ;  the  intervals  between  the  intermediate  and  the  lateinl 
stripes  are  rnfj^oso-punetatc.  Halteres  i)ale,  knob  dnsky.  l''nt 
brownish-yellow;  tip  <»f  the  fi-nxtra,  of  the  tibiic,  and  of  the  two 
first  tarsal  joints,  infnseated ;  two  or  three  last  tarsal  joints 
brown.  Abdomen  l)rownish,  last  sefxiiients  darker,  venter  piilir; 
geidtals  browinsh-yellow.  Win^s  (Tab.  I,  ii<^.  V)  tinf^ed  witli 
brownisli-einoreous;  stijj^ma  elliptieal,  l»rownisli;  Pnl)mar<rinal  ci  II 
long(!r  than  the  lirst  ])osterior ;  discal  eidl  of  variable,  {iciierully 
of  moderate  size,  nearly  (piadraiijrnlar ;  four  jiosterior  (■(•ll> ; 
position  of  the  jrivat  evoss-vein  varialtle.  sometimes  a  little  bctnic, 
sometimes  a  little  beyond  the  inner  end  of  the  diseal  cell;  the 
small  eross-vein  is  usnally  wantinjij,  that  is,  the  inner  end  of  tin' 
submarfjinal  cell  is  liioro  or  less  eontifruons  to  the  inner  end  df 
the  diseal  cell ;  the  extent  of  this  conti<i:iiity  is  variable  in  dill'i  r- 
ent  specimens  ;  sometimes  the  small  cross-vein  is  j)resent,  hut 
then  it  is  short  (among  twenty-one  specimens  which  J  have  eon,- 
l»ared,  only  four  had  the  cross-vein);  the  lifth  longitudinal  vein  is 
incurved  at  its  tip. 

JIab.  Washington,  D.  C. ;  New  York  ;  AVhite  Mountains,  X  II. ; 
Illinois  (LeBaron) ;  New  Jersey  (Cresson).  Not  rare  in  Miiy 
and  June. 

The  aculeus  of  the  male  forceps  is  very  often  projecting  in  tho 
drj'  specimens  of  this  species.  It  consists,  as  ol)served  on  p. 
292,  of  three  horny,  slender  styles,  connate  at  the  basis,  sepurattd 
and  somewhat  cbib-shaped  at  the  tip. 

The  resemblance  between  this  species  and  the  European  ('. 
glahrata  M.  is  complete,  as  far  as  their  coloring  is  conccnicd : 
and  it  is  therefore  the  more  remarkable  that  they  should  dillcr  <i) 
nmch  in  some  structural  details.  The  antenniv  of  the  nialu  C 
ghbraia  are  much  shorter;  if  extended  backwards,  they  wmiM 
not  extend  nmch  beyond  the  roots  of  the  wings ;  the  joints  air 
short  subcylindrical,  attenuated  at  the  basis.  The  wings  Jire 
distinctly  longer,  and  the  subniarginal  cell  is  not  in  contact  witli 
the  discal  cell    so  that  the   small  cnjs.s-vein   is   present.     The 


ii!! 


TUKKiAIA. 


r.(i3 


I,-'"' 


!r'''i 


forceps,  as   I   Iiiivo  iilrcady  alhidi'd   to  above  ([).  204),  seoins  to 
luivc  a  ilillerfiil  strui-liiru. 

Oen.  XLII.    TICIO<;MA. 

First  longitudinal  vein  intnivfd  at  tiie  tip  towards  the  second  and  ind- 
iiii{  in  it  (iind  not  in  tlin  »(i<ta)  ;  a  tnari,'inal,  a  sulmiarginal,  a  di.-cal,  mid 
fiiiir  iKistcrior  celU  ;  iIk'  sihuII  iros'i-riin  is  iriinlhiij,  the  siilmi/ir^inal  fell, 
at  its  iniiiTfnd,  bt-ing  in  inim*'diatH  contact  wiili  tim  discal  (•»•!!.  Aiiteiinig 
lil-jninled  ;  firt<t  joint  elongated;  joints  of  the  llagelluni  short  sulicylin- 
iliiral  or  auhgloltnlar,  attenuated  at  the  basis;  broader  in  the  male  tlian 
in  the  fiinale.  Kyes  gialnous,  sejiaratt-d  by  a  rather  broad  interval  above 
and  helow.  Tibiae  with  distinct  spurs  at  the  tip.  Knipodia  distinct. 
Forceps  of  the  male  analogous  to  that  of  ('iflindrotoiiia  ;  the  aculciis  is 
three-branched,  the  single  brancdies  with  a  knob  at  the  tip.  The  ovipositor 
of  the  female  has  short,  broad  valves,  obtuse  at  the  tip.  Coloring  dull 
brownish  or  grayish  ;  head  and  thorax  conspicuously  sculi)tured  with  de<'p 
jiuncturcs. 

Head  ratlior  broad  posteriorly;  proboscis  and  palpi  rather 
short.  The  aiitejiiia^  of  the  male  have  more  rounded  joints  of 
tlic  flairellnni  than  th<)Se  of  the  female;  they  arc  clothed  on  the 
under  side  witii  n  delicate  jxibescence  ;  in  the  female  these  joints 
arc  ratlier  .«ubcylindri<'al ;  in  both  se.xes  eaeU  joint  is  attenuated 
at  tlie  basis,  and  there  are  short  verticils  about  the  middle  of 
each  (I  possess  only  the  male  of  T.  trixulcfita,  and  the  femah; 
of  T.  c.r.tciiljifa).  The  collare  is  moderately  developed,  in  the 
shape  of  a  transverse  fold.  The  tliorax  of  the  two  species  at 
jircsciit  known  is  sculptured  in  a  manner  quiti;  unusual  among 
the  Tijiulidft,  and  even  amotifr  the  Diptera  in  peneral  ;  there  is 
a  more  or  less  <listinct  <rroove  runninfr  from  the  collare  backwards*, 
alonfr  the  middle  of  the  mesonotum  ;  on  each  side  of  it,  there  is 
a  densely  rujroso-punctate  stripe;  the  upper  part  of  the  meta- 
thorax  is  also  densely  ru<;oso-piinctate.  Feet  rather  strorifr,  fovt' 
cox;v  short,  spurs  at  the  tip  of  the  tibiae  of  moderate  lenurth  ; 
cnipodia  larjre,  distinct;  last  joint  of  the  tarsi  in  the  mah;  only 
sli<;htly  excised  at  the  basis  on  the  under  side,  and  its  shape  not 
rDodified.  The  forceps  of  the  male  is  very  much  like  that  of 
>')jli)}(h-otoma.  Alihough  I  ha.e  not  had  the  opportunity  to 
examine  the  force])s  of  livinjr  specimens,  I  could  i)erceive  in  the 
dry  specimen  of  a  male  T.  trit^iihata  the  presence  of  a  three- 
branched  aculeus,  with  knobs  at  the  end  of  the  branches,  sirailai" 


■i-.Oi  I 


':,■'■  a- 


i 


S 

i 


jf" 


I  ,  .' 


304 


DIPTEUA  OP  NOIITII  AMERICA. 


[taut  IV. 


to  tliiit  of  CijL  nodivnrnis  ().  S.  The  ovipositor  of  tlio  fuinuie 
lias  siiort,  liroad,  ol>tus(^  valv«'s. 

Tlie  principal  fealure  of  tlu'  vonntioii,  the  course  of  the  first 
loiifjitudinal  vein,  wliicli  docs  not  end  in  the  costa,  Imt  is  incurved 
at  the  tip  towards  the  second  vein,  is  the  same  here  as  in  (Ji/lin- 
(Irotonta.  The  auxiliary  vein  ends  abruptly  at  the  inner  cntl  of 
tlie  sti;,nna,  and  has  hut  an  indistinct  connection  with  the  lirst 
lonjritndinal  vein  (I  perceive  tiiis  in  T.  ciaciiliila  only).  A 
sli^lit  vestijre  of  an  ol)li(piu  cross-vein  connects  tht;  latter  pun 
of  the  first  vein  with  the  costa.  Tlie  al)senee  of  the  small  cmss- 
vein  seeni.s  to  be  a  peculi;irity  of  this  {.jeiius ;  the  inner  end  of  the 
siil)niar^inul  cell  thus  comes  in  immediate  contact  with  the  disctil 
cell. 

The  relationship  of  Triogmn  and  CtjUndrntoma  is  very  proat, 
and  the  principal  difterenees  consist  in  the  structure  of  iiie  an- 
tenna', the  iuiini)er  of  posterior  cells,  and  the  al)seiice  of  the  siiiall 
cross-vein  in  the  former  {renus  ;  in  the  shape  and  sculpture  of 
head  and  thora.x,  and  in  the  pjeneral  coloring. 

'I'his  genus  was  proposed  by  Dr.  Schiner,  in  ISCi.'},  for  tin' 
European  Lunnobia  (rifulcaln  Schum.  ;  the  North  American 
species  is  an  exactly  analogous  form.  These  two  species  are  the 
only  ones  of  the  genus  at  present  known. 

The  name  of  the  genus  is  derived  from  Tpftj,  three,  and  6yjUoj, 
furrow,  in  allusion  to  the  thoracic  furrows. 


■\yy: 


Description  of  the  uprcirs. 

].  T.  exscillpta  0.  S.  9. — Fnsca,  alis  iiifiisnafis  ;  tlioraco  siilco 
medio  iinpiesso;  vittis  ejii3  lateralibus,  capito  nietanotiiiue  parte  an- 
teriori  rugoso-punctatiH. 

Brown,  wings  tinged  with  hrownish  ;  thorax  witli  an  impresi«fld  groove  in 
tlie  middle;  its  lateral  stripe.s,  the  anterior  part  of  the  metathorax,  aiiil 
the  head  are  rugo.so-piinotate.     Long.  corp.  0.37. 

Syn.    Trioijma  exsnilpta  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Entom.  See.  Phil.  180.'),  p.  230. 

Whole  body  dull  brown  ;  front  and  vertex  rugoso-punctate, 
with  a  longitudinal  furrow  in  the  nnddle ;  jialpi  brown  ;  antenna', 
l»asal  joints  brown,  flagellum  paler,  joints  of  the  latter  suljovate. 
Thorax  with  a  deep  longitudinal  furrow  in  the  middle  ;  the  lateral 
stripes  are  marked  by  a  deep,  irregular  punctation ;  from  the 
anterior  part  of  these  rugoso-punctate  stripes  a  similar  punctation 


ffc  ,' 


I'llALACUOCKIlA. 


30.") 


extends  backwards,  nitjng  the  sides  of  tlu-  niosonotnni ;  tho  nntcrior 
jmrt  of  the  iiictulliorax  is  deeply  riijfoso-pmietate,  and  somu  parts 
of  tlie  pleiini!  nre  also  piinctatu  HalttM'es  diiijry  browtiisli-tawiiy  ; 
coxu'  brown,  fe«>t  tawny,  elollied  willi  hiaelv  liairs.  Abdomen 
brown.  An  indistinct  cross-vein  connects  the  latter  part  of  the 
Hrst  lonfritudinal  vein  witif  the  costa  ;  discul  cell  elongated, 
c|undninjrular  ;  stijrnia  indistinct,  colorless. 

lliif).    I'ennsylvania  (Cresson)  ;  a  siiifrle  feiiiale  specimen. 

This  species  is  ver}'  like;  the  Kuropean  T  (riKitlni/ii  in  its 
sculpture,  but  is  nnmifesfly  dillerent  from  it.  The  coloring  of 
the  Kuropean  species  is  more  blackish  than  brownish  ;  the  hind 
part  of  the  pleurae,  the  ant^-rior  i)art  «»f  the  nietathorax,  and  the 
basis  of  the  coxie  are  yellow,  tho  antenna)  and  feet  are  darker, 
the  stigma  is  brownish,  etc. 

Oen.  XLIII.    PIIALAmOCERA. 

First  loiipiUiiliiial  vein  iftourved  at  the  tip  towards  the  second  and  end- 
ing in  it  (/'.  ti/inliiKt),  or  endiii};  in  the  c(wta  and  connected  witli  the 
second  hy  a  cross-vein  {l\  rifihcatii)  ;  a  marginal,  a  suliuiarginal,  a  discal, 
and  four  posterior  cells  ;  the  anterior  one  of  the  three  sliort  veins  con- 
necting the  discal  cell  with  the  margin  is  arcuated,  in  consequence  of 
which  the  first  posterior  cell  is  attenuated  at  the  basis  (and  not  square, 
as  u>ual) ;  a  distinct  small  cross-vein  is  present.  Antenna;  l(j-joiiited ; 
fir.>*t  joint  elongated,  joints  of  the  Hagellum  elongated,  almost  cylinilrical, 
with  short  verticils.  Kyes  glabrous,  separated  hy  a  rather  t>ro,id  inttTval 
al)0VHand  below.  Tibia;  with  distinct  spurs  at  the  tip.  Empodia  distinct. 
Forceps  of  the  male  analogous  to  that  of  Cyllntlroiomn  ;  the  aculcus  is 
tliree-hranched,  the  branches  connate  at  the  basis,  pointed  at  the  tip; 
valves  of  the  ovipositor  broad.  Hody  brownish,  liead  and  thorax  grayish, 
without  any  conspicuous  punctures. 

Dr.  Schincr  established  this  gonn.s,  in  1803,  for  the  Euroi)ean  /*. 
rrplicatd,  which  is  easily  distinguished  from  all  the  known  Ci/lin- 
ilrotumina  by  the  course  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ending  in 
the  custa  and  being  connected  with  the  second  vein  by  a  short 
cross-vein.  But  it  became  mtich  more  difficult  to  deline  this 
peuiis  since  the  discovery  of  the  North  Anu-rican  P.  tipuliiui, 
which  docs  not  possess  this  character.  In  this  species  the  first 
vein  is  incurved  towards  the  second  and  ends  in  it,  just  as  it  does 
ii!  all  the  other  Cylindrotomwa.  The  affinity  of  the  two  species 
is  otherwise  evident,  and  in  their  sculpture,  coloring,  and  general 
appearance,  they  are  sufficiently  distinguished  from  the  other 
20     November,  1868. 


IP 

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■'•'..  V»! 


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300 


UirTKllA  (»t    NdllTII  AMJ.UH'A. 


[I'AKT  IV. 


('ifliudrntomina,  to  form  a  ncpurutc  ffciius.     (Coinimro  tlic  gcin'. 
nil  rrmai'ks  on  tliu  j^ciicru  of  lliis  Hi'clioii,  \t.  lill;").) 

Tlif  lifiid  is  soiiiL'wIiiil  iiltt'iiimlcd  puslcriorly  ;  the  |ml|ii  nl'  /'. 
lijiiihiHi  liavc  tlu!  lust  joint  I'loiijfiilrd,  l(»nj^»T  tliiiii  tlio  two,  \nn 
sliorit-r  lliiiii  till!  tliroo  preixMlinj^  hikvu  logctlitr.  'riio  first  jdint 
of  llii'  aiiti-niiuj  is  cylindricnl,  t'lonj;iiti'd  ;  tin;  sooond  natliiturni; 
llic  Joints  of  the  lla);'clliini  (in  J',  lijiitlina)  arc  cioiij^atcd,  cvlin. 
drical,  siif^^iitly  incrussulfd  near  tin-  husis ;  the  verticils  arc  (ijioii 
tliis  iiicrassalion,  and  tlicrclorc  before  the  middle  of  the  jnjn;. 
Tlicse  antennuu  have  exactly  the  sumo  structure  as  tlm  aMtcmui' 
of  nniiiy  Tiptdiv.  In  /'.  rc/ilicatn,  the  joints  of  the  flajrelliini  arc 
not  incrassated  at  the  basis,  and  the  exccedinj^ly  short  vcrticillate 
hairs  are  inserted  in  the  middle  of  the  joint  ;  thus  the  likeness  to 
'J'ipnid  is  not  so  striking;.  IJesiilcs  the  verticils,  the  aiitcimie  of 
till'  mule  of  i*.  lijiuUna  have  a  dense,  delicate  pubescence.  Tim 
collare  is  soinewhut  more  developed  and  broader  in  /'.  lijuiliiia 
than  in  J*,  rviilivatn.  The  thorax  lias  the  stout,  eoinpact  sliiipo, 
coninion  to  the  <'i/li>t(lri)l(niiiiia ;  the  thoracic  suture  is  well 
niarki'd,  j^rooved  in  the  middle,  more  shallow  on  the  sides ;  tlio 
intervals  between  the  thoracic  strijies  are  somewhat  dcpresscil, 
but  shallow  and  not  marked  willi  a  groove  or  with  conspicuous 
punctures;  two  distinct  impressions  at  the  basis  of  tlic  scutclluiii 
Kcct  lonjf  and  rather  strong;  spurs  long,  divaricate;  cnipodia 
distinct;  last  joint  of  the  tarsi  in  the  male  distinctly  excised  til 
the  Imsis  on  the  under  side. 

The  forceps  of  the  male  is  very  much  like  that  of  C;fIit)tlrol<iwn : 
the  daw-shaped  lioriiy  appendages  are  turned,  in  the  state  of 
rcpo.se,  towards  tlio  upper  anterior  margin  of  the  alidoiniiia!  soir- 
nient ;  the  aculeus  consi-ts  of  tlnve  horny  styles,  eonntit(!  at  tlic 
basis,  sharp  and  pointed  at  the  tip  (I  have  seen  only  the  aciilciis 
of  /'.  tipnlina).  The  ovipositor  of  P.  rcpUcata,  according  to  |)r. 
Schiner,  is  short,  with  broad  fuliaceous  valves. 

The  venation  is  somewhat  dilTercnt  in  the  two  only  known 
species.  The  dift'ercnco  in  the  course  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein 
lias  been  alluded  to  above;  I  have  also  shown  before,  when  sprak- 
iiig  of  the  general  characters  of  the  Ci/liixh'otomiua  (p.  -!'<>). 
that  it  would  bo  perhaps  a  more  correct  interpretation  of  tlie 
course  of  the  first  vein  of  P.  replicata,  if  we  considered  this  vein 
as  ending  in  the  second  vein,  and  the  latter  emitting  a  branch 
towards  the  anterior  margin.    The  venation  of  P.  repUvaia  viewed 


PlIALACIUM'lillA, 


807 


ill  tlilri  \V!i\,  would  lit'  uiiuliijfuus  Id  lliul  of  most  Tiptdit.  The 
|iiiit'iin'ii  (ill  /'.  fiiiuhiKi)  forms  ii  perfectly  .slriiijj:lil  liiu;  with  tiie 
iliinl  vein;  tin'  ri'iiiiiiiiiiijf  portion  <if  the  sfcoiul  vein  looks  tlu'i'o- 
jiiri'  as  if  it  was  einiiicil  from  thin  cotitiiiiiuiis  vein;  it  is  ulinost 
aii^nilar  at  the  iia.xis,  uiid  emits  from  this  tiii^de  u  .^hort  stump  of 
11  vein,  project inj(  iii>iili'  of  the  mar>;iiial  cell  ;  owinj;  to  tiiis 
pi'ciiliar  course  of  the  second  vein,  the  siil)iii!irgiiial  cell  is  s*|uare 
at  its  inner  end,  which  is  in  u  >ti-uiglit  line  with  the  inner  end  uf 
till'  first  posterior  cell. 

Ill  /'.  ri'itlivdta  the  third  vein  is  mucli  less  conspieiiously  in  a 
stniiirht  line  with  the  pra'Turi':! ;  the  reiiiuinin^f  portion  uf  thi; 
si'i'oiid  vein  is  gently  arcuated,  and  not  lingular  at  its  inner  end  ; 
tlii'i-c  is  no  stump  of  a  vein  upon  it  ;  the  suliinar^inal  cell  is  dis- 
tinctly lonj^er  than  the  lirst  posterior,  and  hence,  their  inner  ends 
iii'c  not  in  one  line.  In  liotli  species  the  seeoml  posterior  cell  is 
ailt'iiiniteil  at  the  inner  end,  its  line  of  contact  with  the  discal  cell 
liiiiiu  very  short ;  in  some  specimens  (accordin<r  to  Dr.  Schiner's 
stiitemeiit)  this  cell  is  actually  petioluted  ;  the  tliscal  cell  is 
cliiiipited  ;  the  lil'th  lon^^itudinul  vein  is  aiiriiptly  incurved  to- 
^vanis  the  niarj?in  at  its  tip  ;  the  si.vth  is  stniiirht;  the  seventh 
iii'urly  so;  the  posterior  margin  of  the  win<^  has  the  propensity  to 
fold  (hence  the  name  of  the  Kiiropean  species  1\  rrjili<iil<i). 

ilere'olVire,  oiilv  the  two  aliove-iiamed  species  of  J'/nildcntcrra 
liiive  heen  descriiied.  The  name  of  the  genus  is  derivcid  from 
t(iXtt3f|iof,  bald,  in  allusion  probably  to  the  almost  glabrous  untemue 
ttl'  the  Kuropean  species. 

Tlie  larva  of  I\  n'li/icntn  lias  been  d«'scribed  by  Depeer,  Vol. 
VI,  p.  .'{51,  Tub.  XX.  It  lives  in  the  water,  nmonj>'  aipiatic 
pliiiits  and  mosses,  is  };reenish-l)rown,  bearinjjj  ii  numl)er  of  lonj^, 
sDJ't  and  fle.\ilile  tilanieiits,  looUinir  like  spines.  Jt  remuijied  all 
winter  in  the  larva  state,  althoiijrli  a  crust  of  ice  formed  on 
the  vessel  which  contained  it.  In  May,  the  hirvie  transformed 
into  piipic  and  floated  in  this  state  on  the  surface  of  the  water. 
The  posterior  end  of  the  jiupa  has  sev(>ral  pairs  of  hooks,  by 
nii'uiis  of  wliicli  it  can  seize  tlie  stems  of  the  plants  and  descend 
below  the  surface  of  the  water. 

D'  srri/ilinu  of  the  KprcifH, 

1.  P.  tipiilina  O.  S.  % . — T-'Hscescens,  capite  et  tliorace  supra  ob- 
scuM  fiiicreis,  lioo  ol)solHte  vitt;itn,  ])lHnris  (;aiii.s  ;  ven.i  hmgituilinalis 
prima  iu  secundain,  iiou  in  custaiu,  excurrit. 


,*  ^»  t. . 


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life 


'I  >'■■ 


ao8 


Pll'TKUA  OF  NORTH  AMKIMCA. 


[rAnr  iv. 


Brownish;  licaii  and  thorax  dark  ciiuMeous  ahovc,  tl»(»  latter  with  olisolii,. 
stiipcs  ;  tlie  tirst  Uiiigituiliiiul  vt'iu  (Mids  iu  tho  second,  not  in  tlu>  (.usia. 
Lonj;.  i-orj).  I). ■').'), 

Syn.    I'hnliiiriicrra  li/iuliiui  O.  Sa^kkn,  I'roo.  Kutoni.  Son.  IMiii.  Isiiri,  p.  i21|. 

IIciul  coiisidiTiibly  iiarntwcd  jtostcrittrly,  hlackisli  aliuvc,  with 
a  yclUtwisli-ciiirroous  bloom  and  a  small  ivddisii  spot  in  tlit'  niiildk' 
of  tlio  vertex,  jtosteriorly  ;  the  under  side  of  the  head  is  l)ro\viiisli ; 
pfoboseis  hrownisii-yellow  ;  palpi  brown  ;  the  antennie,  if  t\- 
tended  Iti.ekwards,  would  reaeh  the  end  ol'  the  second  abdoniiiial 
sejiiiient  ;  they  are  dark  brown  t)r  l)iaek  ;  the  iirst  half  of  the  first 
joint  and  tiie  basis  of  tiie  third  are  reddisii ;  the  (irst  jitiiit  cvliii- 
drieal,  elonjrated  ;  the  second  short  ;  the  third  and  the  followiiiLT 
joints  are  eloiijriited,  cylindrical,  somewhat  iiicrassated  on  llieir 
anterior  half,  and  with  tlio  verticils  inserted  on  tlnit  incrassatiou ; 
the  fhifrellnni  is  clothed  on  both  sides  w  ith  a  very  short  and  soft 
IMibescence  (the  structure  of  the  antennae  is  remarkai»ly  like  that 
of  some  Tipuln).  Thorax  above  witii  a  yellowish-ciiu'rcdiis 
bloom,  concealiiifi;  the  blackish  fjronnd  color;  the  latter  is  uiore 
apparent  in  the  i)lace  of  the  usual  stripes,  whereas  the  cincrcniis 
liloom  is  more  dense  in  the  somewiuit  impressed  intervals  bet  wet  n 
the  stripes;  sternum  black  between  the  Iirst  and  second  pairs  of 
coxa'  and  this  black  color  extends  upwards,  in  the  shape  of  a 
stripe  over  tlie  pleura' ;  a  black  spot  near  the  Itasis  «)f  the  halt(  res; 
the  remaininu:  portion  of  the  )>leun«  b-  vnish-yeUow  ;  the  whole 
of  the  i)leune  is  covered  with  a  dense  hoary  bloom,  so  that 
their  black  porticuis  are  visiide  in  a  certain  liji'ht  oidy  ;  colhuv 
rather  broa<l,  brownish;  scutellum  and  nn-tanotuni  brownisli- 
yellow,  the  latt'-r  with  a  yellowish,  shining  reflection;  haltcns 
dusky;  coxa;  yellowish,  with  a  hoary  bloom;  femora  tawiiv, 
yellowish  at  the  b;isis,  and  infuscated  at  the  tip;  tii)ia'  brownish, 
darker  at  the  tip  ;  tarsi  brown.  Winjrs  with  a  brownish-cincrctiiis 
tinjre,  stifrnia  pale  Itrowiilsli,  small,  oblonf;  (the  vemilion  ha>  licca 
described  amoiijj:  the  ti'cnerie  characters).  The  (irst  loniiitiidiiial 
vein  in  this  species,  as  in  all  the  (';/(i>i<lr(il(ii>ii)Kr,  is  iiiriiivitl 
towards  the  second,  and  has,  at  sonn;  distance  befoi-e  the  ti|»,  ii 
rather  indistinct,  slender,  obliipie  cross-vein  connecting  it  with 
the  costa. 

JJub.    "White  Mountains,  N.  II. ;  two  male  specimens. 


$  ? 


PTYOmil'TERiV.. 


309 


muvh- 


. ..  :^rl 


Sectiox  VIIT.    rTYCIIOPTERIXA. 


•i:'V.i-t. 


Only  a  sinijhi  longitudinal  vein  jiostcrior  to  the  fifth  vein  ;  t^vo  snlmiarginnl 
iflls.  iMiiiium  larm'i.v  (h'velojifd  ;  i>ali)i  long.  Tibiiu  with  sjinrs  at  IIih 
tip,     Tlioraeic  sutuu'  (leoply  sinuate. 

Tlu'  five  known  jyciicrii  of  this  soctioii  form  two  distint-t  fj:roui>s, 
(listinjruislu'd  by  the  followint;  cliunu'tcrs: — 

1.  Mo  sul)costal  cross-x  rin  ;  first  siibinuri^iiial  coll  niucli  Imiucr 
tliiin  till' second  ;  (lu'co  or  four  jxjstcrior  cells;  collarc  .;bso!clc; 
a  peculiar,  small  spatuiute,  iiienibranaccous,  ciliated  organ  at  tlic 
foot  of  llie  lialleres  :   Ph/i'hdpfenf,  Biltaconior'p/ia. 

'2.  A  subcostal  crt)ss-vein  is  present ;  the  second  siibniar<rinal 
cell  is  much  loiifxer  than  the  first  ;  the  luunber  of  jiosterior  cells 
is  raised  to  six,  in  conseipience  of  the  presence  of  a  su|)eriinnierary 
loiiiritudinal  vein  in  the  first  posterior  cell  ;  c«)llare  large:  J'ruto- 
jilasd,  'J'dm/ilcriix,  MacrovliiU'.^ 

rii/f/iojiifra  alone  occnrs  in  Knropc  :  it  is  common  to  that 
continent  and  to  America;  JiillacoDiorplia  and  J'rdldjihisti  have 
been  found  in  North  Anicrica  only  ;  'J'ani/dcriix  in  South  Anie- 
riea  ;  Mnrnx-liih;  is  incbidetl  in  the  IM'ussian  anilier. 

This  section  is  the  most  aberrant  of  all  the  Ttpulidn.  The 
venation  shows  pccidiarities  not  found  elsewhere;  the  large  de- 
*i>!(iiinieiit  of  the  labium,  the  iirolonired  epistoina,  the  deeply 
sinuate  thoracic  suture,  "tc.,  separate  the  rii/cliojilcrino  entirely 
from  the  rest  of  the  family,  and  the  hitler  character  may  be  in- 
dicative of  n  relationship  to  the  lUcpharuccridir. 

Oen.  XMV.    rTYC'PlOPTFK.l. 

Two  Kubniarpinal  c't»lls,  the  first  much  lontrcr  than  the  sccoml  ;  no  snh- 
oostal  eri)ss-v»^in  ;  no  discal  cvW  ;  four  {losterior  cflls,  the  sci-ond  very 
ptiort ;  only  a  singlo  longitudinal  vein  after  the  lifth  vein  (Tah.  II.  11^'.  lH, 


'  I  do  not  know  about  the  tollare  of  Minrucliih. 


t    I 


I     ! 


310 


PIPTERA  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


'      .     } 


i*ii  1 


wing  of  A  rii/oclnrtii).  Antenn.-B  IG-jointed  ;  last  joint  very  small.  Tilii,n 
with  strong,  divaricate  spurs  at  the  tip  ;  enipoilia  large.  Thoracic  suture 
deeply  sinuate.  Ahdouien  of  the  niaU"  club-shaped  at  the  tip,  with  a 
coriaceous,  often  apparently  double,  forceps. 

Head  transverse,  sessile;  epistoma  projecting,  subtriangular, 
rounded  at  the  tip;  proboscis  with  very  hirge  suctorial  lial)s; 
palpi  very  long;  last  joint  whiplash-shaped,  onee  and  a  hall"  the 
length  of  the  three  preceding  joints  taken  together,  or  longer; 
among  the  three  lirst  joints  the  second  i?  the  longest.'  Kves 
large,  separated  l»y  a  broad  space  on  the  upper  and  on  the  iiiuler 
side  of  the  head.  The  antennie  of  the  male  are  coini)aralivelv 
long ;  bent  backwards,  they  reach  somewhat  beyond  the  basis  uf 
the  abdomen  ;  those  of  the  female  arc  shorter ;  they  are  sixteeii- 
jointed  ;  sca|)us  short,  the  first  joint  being  but  little  longer  than 
the  second  ;  the  first  joint  of  the  flagelluni  is  cylindrical,  twice 
the  length  of  the  second  ;  the  foiiowing  joints  are  almost  cylin- 
drical, slightly  decreasing  in  length  towards  the  tip,  clothed  with 
a  microscopic  down,  and  with  scattered,  verticillate  hairs  ;  the  last 
joint  is  very  small  in  the  European  species  ;  in  the  American  P. 
rvfocintta  it  is  hardly  perceptible  even  in  fresh  specimens.  The 
collare  is  small,  almost  obsolete,  concealed  under  the  somewhat 
projecting  mesonotuni ;  the  latter  is  gibbose ;  the  thoracic  suture 
forms  a  deep  sinus  in  the  middle,  the  bottom  of  which  nearly 
reaches  the  scutellum ;  the  sides  of  this  sinus  are  prolonged 
anteriorly  in  the  shape  of  furrows,  as  far  as  the  anterior  margin 
of  the  mesonotum  ;  the  metathorax  is  large,  convex.  The  abdo- 
men of  the  male  is  narrow  and  rather  abruptly  club-shajjed  at  llic 
tip;  the  forceps  of  P.  rii/ociiniii,  which  I  have  examined  u\nn\ 
a  fresh  si)ecinien,  has  the  following  structure :  the  last  dorsal 
segment  of  the  abdomen  has  a  strong  excision  in  the  middle ; 
under  it  is  the  forceps,  which  consists  of  an  elongated,  curved, 
coriaceous  o\itside  lobe,  aiul  an  inner  piece,  apparently  horny, 
fastened  to  the  lobe;  between  the  two  halves  of  the  forcei)s,  the 
horny  aculeus  is  visible.  In  the  European  species  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen  shows  four  rather  long,  projecting  appendages,  havinjr 


:r'i.: 


'  In  describing  the  generic  cliaraoter,  I  had,  besides  P.  ru/ociiirtii,  speci- 
luens  of  the  European  P.  (ilhimaiKi  and  conlamindta  before  me.  iSonie  data, 
for  instance  those  on  the  forceps  and  on  the  palpi,  are  taken  from  a  tVesli 
specimen  of  P.  riifoiincln  ;  its  palpi,  wlien  extended  backwards,  couUl 
almost  reach  the  second  abdcuuinal  segment. 


PTYCIlorTERA. 


311 


tlio  appearance  of  a  double  forceps  ;  but  the  upper  pair  seems  to 

i(|tn'seiil  the  hist  dorsal  sej^iDoiit  of  the  ahdomcn,  only  very  much 

excised,  and  with  the  sides  developed  into  elouji'ated,  forc<';.o-like 

iippeiidages.     Interpreted  in  such  a  manner,  the  structure  of  the 

forceps  in  the  American  and  in  the  European  species  is  jierfectly 

liDiiiolojrous.     The  aI)donien  of  the  fenude  is  also  narrowed  at 

ill''  Inisis,  broader  in  the  mithlle ;  the  ui)per  valves  of  the  ovi- 

jxisitor  of  I*,  rufoeinda  are  broad,  convex  above.     Feet  ratiicr 

strong,  especially  the  hind  tibia;  and  tarsi ;  eoxaj  moderately  de- 

vehjped ;    tibial   with   stron,:,  divaricate   spurs  at  the  tip;    the 

tu'"sal  joints   in   the  male  are  attenuated  at  the  extreme  basis, 

which  is  not  the  case  in  the  fenndes  ;  the  fourth  tarsal  joint  of  the 

male  has  the  basis  incrassated,  and  with  a  tuft  of  hair  ;  the  unfrnes 

are  very  small,  the  empodia  rather  large  and  not  linear,  as  usual 

among  the  Tip.   brei'ijxilpi,  but  short  and  transverse.     Wings 

of  moderate  breadth,  in  some  species  comparatively  broad ;   the 

surface  is  clothed  with  a  nucroscopic  pubescence,  visible  under  a 

lens  of  moderate  power,  and  especially  dense  in  the  apical  jiortion. 

The  peculiarities  of  the  venation  are  numerous  ;  the  principal 

ones  are:  the  absence  of  the  subcostal  cross-vein  ;  the  length  of 

the  first  subniarginal  cell,  which  is  usually  twice  the  length  of  the 

second;  in  other  words,  it  is  not  the  second  longitudinal  vein 

which  is  forked,  as  in  most  Tipidulu'  brcvipalpi,  but  the  third  ;  the 

ceiitiid  cross-veins  are  nearlv  in  the  middle  of  the  win"-;  there  is 

no  discal  cell ;  the  anterior  branch  of  the  fourth  vein  alone  is 

forked,  and  this  fork  is  very  short ;  the  latter  portion  of  the  fifth 

vein  is  bisinuated  ;  a  striking  fold,  almost  like  a  spurious  vein, 

runs  along  the  last  longitudinal  vein,  crosses  the  anal  cell,  and 

ends  at  the  tip  of  the  lifih  vein;  beyond  the  fifth  longitudinal 

vein,  there  is  only  a  single  vein,  and  not  two,  as  in  all  the  Tijnt- 

liihe  hirripaljn ;    this   vein    ajiparently  represents   the   seventh 

longitudinal  vein,  the  sixth  being  obsolete  ;  it  is  strongly  arcuated 

ut  the  tip  (compare  the  wing  of  P.  riifocincta,  Tab.  H,  fig.  1J»). 

In  th(!  first  posterior  cell  there  is  a  longitudinal  fold,  which  has 

not  attracted  any  attention  before,  but  deserves  to  be  noticed,  as 

it  seems   to  foreshadow   the    supernumerary   longitudinal   vein, 

which,  in  Prolopla^a  and  its  congeners,  divides  the  first  posterior 

cell  ill  two  parts.     This  fold  is  especially  distinct  in  the  European 

/'.  (ilhimana,  where  it  assumes  the  appearance  of  a  spurious  vein, 

abruptly  teriiiinating   somewhat  beyond   the   inner  end  of  the 


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312 


DIPTKRA  or  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


[tart  IV 


st'coiul  suhmargiiial  cell ;  it  is  imich  weaker  in  P.  conlamiiiatu 
ami  ill  tiu!  Xoi'lh  American  I\  7'u/hciiH:l(i. 

The  venation  of  the  three  species  wiiicli  I  have  seen  {P.  albi- 
maiia,  coiitmninata,  rufocincta)  is  i)retty  nineii  the  same  ;  only 
in  P.  allnniava  the  i>ra;fnrca  is  shorter  aiul  the  first  snhniarfrinal 
cell  is  not  sessile,  '  ut  has  a  short  jx'tiole.  The  American  P. 
rufocincta  has  also  a  very  short  pra^furca. 

JVJr.  Westwood  {Introii.  II,  p.  52(i)  was  the  first  to  call  atten- 
tion to  a  singular  organ  in  the  shape  of  a  nieinhranaceous,  sjtatu- 
late,  small  ai)pemJage,  ciliated  on  the  margin  (Westw.,  1.  c, 
fig.  120,  7),  and  inserted  at  the  foot  of  the  halteres  of  J'/j/vho]!- 
tera.  I  notice  the  same  aiipendage  in  JlitfarovKirjifio,  hut  none 
in  Proloiilaaa.  Its  use  or  homology  is  unknown;  it  has  notliing 
in  common  with  the  tegulaj,  which  are  usually  inserted  more  in 
front  of  the  halteres. 

Five  European  species  are  known  ;  a  sixth,  P.  pecfwafa  Macq. 
(Ilitit.  Nat.  JUpt.  I,  T7),  from  the  North  of  France,  is  distinguished 
liy  the  antennie  being  ])ectinated,  as  in  ('h'noiihora.  It  seems 
to  be  very  rare;  Mr.  Kondani  introduced  for  it  the  new  genus 
Ctcmxrria.  The  American  species,  P.  rufocinHa,  is  quite 
common.  I  have  never  found  P.  4-J'asciala  Say  {Lontfa  Ejped. 
etc.  p.  fJoD),  also  described  by  Wiedemann  ;  nor  P.  vit'lollica 
Walker  (Litit,  etc.  I,  p.  80),  from  Hudson's  Bay.  No  PIi/cIhi}i- 
tcrae  from  any  other  part  of  the  world  seem  to  have  been 
published. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  are  found  in  the  vicinity  of  stagnant 
waters,  where  their  larvse  live.  The  larvie  and  pupa?  have  very 
early  attracted  the  attention  of  naturalists,  and  have  been  often 
figured  (Reaumur,  Mi'm.  Vol.  V;  liyonnet,  Qjuvrcs  posthioiics, 
Tab.  XVIII,  fig.  1-7  ;  Van  der  Wulp,  IJaiidcl.  Nedcrl.  Entom. 
Vvr.  I,  1,  p.  31  ;  Lacordaire,  Inlroil.  a  VEntum.  Tab.  II,  fig.  .j ; 
Tab.  V,  fig.  20,  gives  a  cojiy  of  Lyoiinct's  figure).  The  larvie 
liavo  a  long  tube  at  the  end  of  the  body,  which  they  raise  to  the 
surface  of  the  water  for  breathing.  In  the  pHi)a;,  one  of  tiio 
liorny  proces.ses,  which  di.tingiiish  the  thora.x  of  all  the  pu|)!V  of 
TipuJidse,  is  enormously  prolonged,  likewise  for  the  purpose  of 
breathing  under  water  (compare  j).  10). 

The  genus  PtychopU'ra  (from  nrvxri,  fold,  and  rtrfpof.  wing)  Iims 
been  introduced  by  Meigen,  in  1803  (Illiycr's  Miujuzin,  11,  p. 
2G2). 


BITTACOMOnPIIA. 


113 


Description  of  the  species, 

1.  P.  rufocillCta  0.  S.  %  and  J. — Nigra,  antenna;,  basi  «>xiepttl, 
iiigiii' ;  f  pisloiiia  fulvuin  ;  pedes  fulvi ;  abdomen  nij^ruui,  fasciis  ferru- 
gineid ;  alid  macula  basali  et  fusciU  tribus  fu:ii;is. 

]51;)ck,  antennae,  except  the  basis,  black  ;  epistoma  fnlvous,  feet  fnlvous  ; 
abdomen  blac^k,  witli  ferruginous  bands  ;  wings  with  a  brown  basal  spot 
and  three  brown  bands.     Long.  corp.  0.28 — 0.32. 

Svx.   Pfijdioptera  rufoclncta  0.  Sacke.n,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  18.'59,p.  2.'')2. 

Ilciul  black,  shining,  proboscis  and  cpistonia  rcddisli-ycllow  ; 
Itasiil  joints  of  the  antenna'  brownish  ;  flagelluui  black.  Thorax 
hliuk,  less  sliining  than  the  head  ;  plenru;  reddisli-yelhnv  ;  a 
silveiT  reflection  is  sonietinies  ])erceptible  upon  them ;  halteres 
pale,  somewhat  dingy;  feet  reddish-yellow;  tips  of  the  femora, 
of  the  til)iie,  and  the  larger  part  of  the  tarsi  brown;  the  (irst  joint 
of  the  posterior  tarsi  yellowish.  Abdomen  black,  with  ferruginous 
bands,  which  occupy  the  anterior  portion  of  the  segments;  the 
last  segments,  including  the  forceps  and  the  ovipositor,  are  reddish- 
yellow  ;  the  venter  is  yellowish.  Wings  with  a  brown  spot  at 
the  I>asis,  an  abbreviated  palo  brown  band  across  the  middle  of 
the  two  basal  cells ;  another  l)and  along  the  cciitval  cross-veins, 
ri'aching  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  ;  a  third  band,  consisting 
sometimes  of  two  unconnected  spots  at  the  inner  end  of  the  two 
forks,  in  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing ;  the  interval  between  the 
costa  and  the  first  vein  is  more  or  less  brownish  Th(!sc  bands, 
especially  the  last,  are  sometimes  very  weakly  marked.  Pra^furca 
very  short,  arcuated  ;  first  submarginal  cell  s(>ssile  or  nearly  so. 

JIdh.  United  States,  not  rare.  Pennsylvania ;  Washington, 
D.  C.  ;  Dobb's  Ferry,  X.  Y.  ;  Virginia  (Dr.  Wilson);  Quebec 
(C'ouper);  Illinois  (LeBaron)  ;   White  Mountains,  X.  II.,  etc. 

Gen.  XLV.    BITTACOIWORPIIA. 

Two  snbmarginal  cells,  the  first  much  longer  than  the  second  ;  no  sub- 
costal cross- vein  ;  no  discal  cell;  thne  posterior  ells,  the  inner  ends  of 
wliicli  are  nearly  in  one  line;  only  a  single  longitmlinal  vein  after  the 
tifth  Vein  (Tab.  II,  fig.  20).  Antenn.-e  '.'ojointed.  Tibi.-B  with  small  spurs 
at  tlie  tip  ;  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  very  much  incrassated  ;  etnpodia  distinct. 
Tlioiacic  suture  deeply  sinuate.  Al)donien  slender,  very  elongated,  with 
a  fon^Hps  consisting  of  four  coriaceous,  digitiform,  somewhat  curved 
appendages  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  31,  31  f/). 

Head  rather  large,  transverse,  applied  to  the  thora.x  with  a 


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314 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


[PAUT  IV. 


If. 


:!  f:  • 


ratlior  broad  surface ;  cpistoina  narrow,  very  much  prolonjrcd, 
l)ointod  at  the  end;  probitscis  with  hirge  suctorial  Habs ;  palpi 
very  long,  all  the  joints  being  elongated.  Eyes  large,  se])arutc(l 
by  a  moderately  broad  interval  on  the  upper  side  of  the  head,  and 
a  broader  one  on  the  under  side.  The  antennie  of  the  male  arc 
twice  the  length  of  the  head  and  the  thorax,  or  more  ;  first  jdint 
very  small ;  the  second  but  very  slightly  larger;  the  flagcllmii  i> 
filiform,  and  consists  of  (apparently  IS)  subeylindrieal  joints  of 
nearly  ecpml  length  ;  only  the  first  is  a  'ittle  longer;  it  is  clMtlicd 
with  a  microscopic  down,  without  any  longer  hairs.  Tiie  thnra.x 
is  very  small  in  coini)arison  to  the  size  of  the  body ;  the  coMare 
is  not  visible,  the  head  being  in  contact  with  the  mesonotum  ;  the 
thoracic  suture  is  deeply  sinuate  in  the  middle ;  the  nietathorax 
is  large  and  convex.  The  abdomen  of  the  male  is  long  and 
narrow,  attenuated  at  the  basis;  the  forceps  (Tab.  IV,  fig.  :',], 
from  below,  31a  from  above)  consists  of  two  pairs  of  digitiforiii, 
somewhat  curved  coriaceous  appendages. 

The  ovipositor  of  the  female,  which  I  have  not  observed  on  livin-r 
specimens,  dees  not  show  the  usual  horny,  pointed  valves.  I  per- 
ceive only  a  pair  of  small,  very  little  projecting  valvules,  apparontlv 
of  a  thin,  coriaceous  consistency,  sickle-shaped,  rounded  at  the  tip. 
Feet  long,  femora  remarkably  slender,  especially  on  tlieir  basal 
half;  tibiie  somewhat  stouter  than  the  femora,  with  small  spurs  at 
the  tip;  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  somewhat  longer  than  the 
four  following  taken  together,  incrassated,  spindle-shaped;  the 
second  joint  is  once  and  a  half  the  length  of  the  third  ;  the  fnurtli 
and  fifth  are  very  small,  and  their  length,  taken  together,  is  hardly 
equal  to  the  third  joint ;  the  enipodia  are  broad,  transverse. 
Wings  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  small  and  narrow  for  the  size 
of  the  insect ;  glabrous,  hyaline  ;  the  stigma  is  hardly  indicated 
by  a  narrow  streak  along  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  is  opposite  the  tip  of  the  fifth  vein  ;  no  snlx'ustal 
cross-vein  ;  marginal  cross-vein  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal; 
pra^furca  very  short;  first  subniarginal  cell  nearly  three  times  the 
length  of  the  second ;  three  posterior  cells,  none  of  the  branches 
of  the  fourth  vein  being  forked ;  the  inner  ends  of  the  first  suh- 
marginal  and  of  the  three  posterior  cells  are  nearly  in  one  line; 
,he  section  of  the  fifth  posterior  vein  beyond  the  great  cross-vein 
is  bisinuated  (as  in  Ptychojitera)  ;    only  one   longitudinal  vein 


w::.-\..^ 


■3  ■  '■  *. 


BITTACOMOUPIfA. 


315 


bcvond  the  fifth ;  the  two  basal  colls  do  not  reach  much  beyond 
the  niithlle  of  the  wing  (Tab.  11,  lig.  20). 

Tlie  peculiar  nieinbraiuiceous,  spatuhUe,  ciliated  appeiulagc, 
inserted  at  the  foot  of  the  halteres,  and  observable  in  I'ti/vhoj)- 
Ura,  exists  also  in  liittavomorijha. 

The  relationship  of  liiUacutnorpha  and  Plychoptrra  is  very 
great  and  evident,  all  the  difl'erence  of  the  outward  appearance 
notwithstanding.  A  rather  large,  transverse  head,  closely  apidicd 
to  the  thorax,  a  pointed  epistonui,  long  palpi,  larg(!  lips,  a  small 
antennal  scapus,  a  sinuate  thoracic  suture,  an  almost  obsolete 
collarc,  a  large  mctathorax,  the  spatulate  appendage,  are  charac- 
ters common  to  both  genera.  The  male  forceps  of  both  have  a 
similar  structure  ;  the  venation  is  almost  the  same  ;  if  wc  suppress 
tile  fork,  inclosing  the  second  posterior  cell  of  Ptuthopkra,  we 
obtain  the  venation  of  Bitlacomorjiha. 

The  only  known  species  of  the  genus,  li.  clavipes,  was  first 
described  by  Fabricius,  as  Ptychoptera  clavipeti,  in  1781.  Mr, 
Wt'stwood  erected  the  genus  Biftacomorpha  for  it  {Lond.  and 
E'Unb.  Pln'los.  Mag.  1835,  p.  281).  It  has  been  found  in  North 
America  only. 

The  name  is  derived  from  Piltaoiis,  a  neuropterous  insert, 
and  fx'^p'pri,  shape,  on  account  of  a  slight  resemblance  between 
the  two  genera. 

Description  of  the  species, 

1.  B«  clavipes  Fab.     %  and  J. — Nigra,  mesonoti  vitt4,  metathorace, 
pleurisque  albis  ;  pedibus  albofasciatis. 

Black,  a  stripe  on  tbe  mesonotum,  tbe  nr^tatliorax  and  the  pleurae  wbite  ; 
feet  banded  with  white.     Long.  corp.  0.55. 

SvN.    Tipula  clavipes  Fahricips,  Spec.  Insect,  II,  404,  19  ;  Mantissa  Ins.  II, 

323,  21 ;  Ent.  Syst.  IV,  239,  2r), 
Ptychoptera  clavipes  Fabricil's,  Sy.st.  Antl.  22,4. — Wiedemann,  Anss. 

Zweifl.  :,  p.  .')9. 
Bittacomorpha  clavipes  Westwood,   Lond.  and  Edinb.   riiilos.  Mag. 

1835,  p.  281. 

Head  silvery  white  in  front,  vertex  black  on  both  sides;  ]>r(>- 
boscis,  palpi,  and  antenna;  brownish-black ;  thorax  velvet  black 
aljove,  with  a  white  longitudinal  line  in  the  middle  of  the  meso- 
iiutum ;  pleura;  silvery  white,  sericeous;  metathorax  likewise; 
scutellum  yellowish  ;    halteres   with   a  brownish   kncb  ;    femora 


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DIPTKUA  OF  NORTH  AMKIUCA. 


[I'AHT  IV, 


or 


l>nl(!  at  tlio  basis,  their  latter  half  bhit'kish  ;  tibisp  bhick,  wiiii  a 
bruwd  ring  near  tiie  basis;  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  biaciv,  wliitc  at 
tile  basis;  tlie  second  and  tlio  tliird  wliite  ;  the  two  last  joints 
black ;  aljdonieH  l)rownisli-b!aek,  tlic  posterior  margins  of  tliu 
segments,  beginning  with  the  second,  paler.     Wings  hyaline. 

I/(ih.  North  America,  not  rare.  Newfoundland,  conuiKin 
(Westw.);  Nova  Scotia  (]5rit.  Mus.)  ;  Washington,  D.  C,  not 
rare;  Upper  Wisconsin  River  (Keiinicott) ;  Florida,  where  I 
caught  it  ill  March.  This  insect  occurs  early  in  the  sjjring  and 
also,  but  more  seldom,  in  autumn  ;  usuallv  in  the  vicinitv  of 
water,  especially  in  woody  localities.  A  number  of  liitkun- 
morphse,  Hying  slowly,  as  they  do,  and  keej»ing  their  feet,  varie- 
gated with  snow-white,  extended  like  the  radii  of  a  circle,  present 
a  very  striking  appearance. 

Gen.  XLVI.   PROTOPLASA.' 

Two  submarginal  cells,  th«  second  inuch  longer  than  the  first ;  a  sub- 
costal cross-vein  at  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  a  discal  cell ;  six  pos- 
ti-rior  rills,  in  co'iarquencp  of  the  Jii>t  bc'ti;/  diriihd  in  two  hi/  a  sii/u'riiiimi ntn/ 
loiiijitudinul  VI in  ;  tlie  penultimate  po.sterior  cell  contains  a  supernumerary 
cross-vein  ;  only  a  single  longitudinal  vein  after  the  fifth  vein;  anal  angle 
projecting,  square.     Anteuuie  lij-jointed.     Tibiie  with  spurs  at  the  tip. 

Head  elongated ;  eyes  separated  by  a  moderately  broad  front 
above,  almost  contiguous  on  tlie  under  side  of  the  head  ;  epistonia 
longer  than  broad ;  the  proboscis,  together  with  its  large,  flesliy 
fiabs,  is  not  much  shorter  than  the  head  ;  palpi  longer  than  the 
head,  joints  elongated."     Antenna)  (9  ?)  apparently  15-jointe(l, 

'  I  possess  two,  somewhat  injured  specimens  of  P.Jiichii.  Only  a  sinnle 
antenna  seems  to  be  entire,  and  I  count  15  joints  upon  it.  One  of  tlie 
specimens  has  no  head  ;  the  neck  of  the  other  is  so  twisted  that  I  did  not 
perceive  its  length,  until  my  attention  was  caiied  upon  it  by  the  descrip- 
tion of  Tiinyilenis  Philippi  ;  this  is  tlie  reason  why  the  length  of  the  nei:k 
is  not    nentioned  in  Pror.  Arad.  X<it.  Sci.  PhilmL  1859. 

2  In  Mitcrochile  Loew  (comp.  below)  the  length  of  the  palpi  is  dependent 
on  the  elongation  of  all  thf  joints,  not  of  the  last  chiefly,  as  in  Pli/rlu'iitirn. 
The  second  and  tlie  last  joints  are  represented  by  Mr.  Loew  as  bein;;  of 
e(iual  length,  and  somewhat  longer  than  the  first  and  the  third.  In  Tanii- 
dt'tiis  Philippi,  likewise,  all  the  joints  are  elongated,  the  last  not  bein;,' 
much  longer  than  the  preceding  ones.  As  far  as  I  can  perceive,  the  paljii 
of  Proinplasii  have  a  similar  structure,  although  I  cannot  describe  them 
accurately  from  a  dry  specimen. 


l 


PllOTUl'l.ASA. 


ir 


i' 


iidt  l(iii;ri'r  llinii  \ho  liuail  and  itrolmscis  taken  iD^rctlicr ;  first  joint 
VI  TV  .-liitrt  ;  sccuiid  stout,  sul)|j'lol)\ilar  ;  llagflliiin  jfradually 
atltiiuatrd  ;  its  first  Joint  is  altcnuatcd  at  tlio  Itasis,  a  littii" 
liiii'jrr  than  Itmad  ;  tin;  ioiiowinjr  two  or  tiire'c  joints  arc  simrt, 
stiUiU'c  ;  tlic  next  ones  arc  sonicwlial  more  oval,  clonji'atcd  ;  tiic 
llii;/i'lliini  is  clotlicd  with  moderately  ionj;  hairs,  ("oihiro  extended 
iiilii  a  ionji'  neck  ;  tlioraeio  sutnre  (as  far  as  I  can  jtereeivi'  on  my 


in'cna 


ens)  (h'eply  sinnate;  sentellum  iaru'e,  very  nuieh  project  in 


inetatliorax  usually  small.  Alxloinen  rather  short,  stout.  Feet 
iiKHJeratcly  loiij;  and  stout  ;  •til)!^'  armed  at  the  tip  with  nnxler- 
alely  loUij:,  stroiiu:,  divaricate  spurs;  cinpodia  indistinct ;  unjrues 
siiiMiith.'     AVinjrs  (Fij?.  7)  broad,  with  a  very  projectinjr,  .sijuaru 


anal 


an 


rle  ;    the    venation 


IS  very  peculiar;  tiuxilnuy 
vein  comparatively  short, 
reaeliinjj^  but  little  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  winjif;  sub- 
costal cross-vein  at  its  tip  ; 
tiie  first  lonjiitudinal  vein 

roiuhes  far  lieyond  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  there  is  no  margiiuil  cross- 
vein,  and  hardly  any  vesti},a'  of  a  stifrina ;  (he  origin  of  the  pra-furca 
is  aiiusually  near  the  basis  of  the  wing ;  it  has  a  cons])icuous  stump 
(if  a  vein  on  its  curvature;  the  first  subr.nxrginal  cell  is  U'ss  than 
ludf  so  Unig  as  the  second;  the  first  posterior  cell  is  a  little 
shorter  than  the  sect)nd  subniarginal ;  it  is  divided  longitudimdly 
in  two  halves  l)y  a  supernuniciary  vein,  which  starts  from  the 
middle  of  the  snudl  cross-vein  and  runs  jiarallel  to  the  two  ad- 
joining longitudinal  veins ;  discal  cell  very  long,  in  the  sha])e  of 
a  narrow  triangle,  truncate  at  the  tip;  its  inner  en.l,  as  well  as 
the  inner  ends  of  the  two  last  posterior  cells  are  somewhat  anterior 
to  the  inner  end  of  the  first  i»osterior  cell ;  the  penultimate  ])oa- 
terior  cell  is  formed  by  the  last  branch  of  the  fourth  vein  (or  the 
posterior  intercalary  vein,  comp.  p.  34),  which,  in  this  case,  issues 
close  by  the  inner  end  of  the  discal  cell ;  this  penultinuite  ])osterior 
cell  has  a  supernumerary  cross-vein  in  its  middle;  the  fifth  vein 
is  somewhat  angular,  the  sixth  nearly  straight ;  the  si)urious  cell 
is  very  large,  triangular ;  in  consequence  of  the  great  length  of 


•(■ 

ut. 

■.:t; 


:? 


i-ts 


I 


t 


.■f  - 


'  Tlie  two  last  statements  are  repeated  from  Proc.  Arad.  Xat.  Sri.  Philad. 
ISSH  ;  I  cannot  well  verify  theui  now,  as  there  is  only  a  single  foot  left. 


i:t 


818 


nrpTKRA  op  xdiiTrr  ameimcv. 


[I'Airr  IV. 


iii 


llif  cells  ill   tlic  iipiciil   portion  of  tjn'  winy,  ilu'   Itasul  cells  arc 
sliort  ;    llic  first,  is  loiiju'cr  tliiin  the  second. 

I  !iin  iincertiiin  iihoiit  llio  sex  of  my  siteciiiuMis,  ns  tlio  lip  (if  flic 
nlMlonieii  shows  no  traco  citiier  of  ii  forceps  or  of  an  ovipositui" 
I  tun  inclined  to  tliink  that  they  are  females,  and  that  tin;  ovi- 
positor  of  this  fi-eniis  has  very  short,  almost  indistinct  homy 
appeiidajjcb,  or  none  at  all. 

The  i|c.\t  rclativcri  of  J'rolojilasa  are,  the  amber  goiius  Mmni- 
fhilf  Jioew,  and  tlio  Ciiilian  genus  'J'aNijdcrus  IMiilippi. 

Tdin/ilrni^'  l'liili|)pi  (  I'cr/i.  Zoo}.  I'.ot.  (IcscKxc/i.in  W'icn,  Ixil;"), 
!>.  7X0,  Tal).  XXIX,  lig.  f)")  shows,  in  almost  all  rc«<pects,  the 
greatest  resenihlaiicc  to  rrofoptasa  ;  the  same  large  siict^iriiil 
(hil)s  and  long  i)alpi;  long  neck  ;  projecting  scutelluiii  ;  veiiiitimi 
almost  iileiitical  ;  anal  angle  likewise  s(piaro,  only  more  pointed; 
the  wings  jiietiired  in  a  similar  manner.  Tlie  only  diifereiiiM  s 
which  1  can  discover  are:  the  antenna;  are  h)iiger  and  consist  of 
at  least  twenty-live  joints,  the  last  ones  being  dilliciilt  lo  coiint  ; 
the  (irst  vein  and  ootli  branches  of  the  second  vein  are  verv  luiidi 
arcuated,  whereas  they  are  nearly  straight  in  Prolvjdam  ;  tlnre 
is  n(»  siipernninerary  cross-vein  in  the  i)enultimate  posterioi'  icll, 
but  there  is  one  in  the  first  i)osterior  cell  (which  does  not  v\\A 
in  Proloplaxa).  "The  a))donien  of  the  male,"  says  Dr.  riiiiiiiiii, 
"ends  in  two  filaments."  As  this  author  had  only  one  of  the 
sexes  before  him,  did  lie  not  mistake  the  female  for  a  iiiiilc? 
Tdinjdcrus  is  represented  by  a  single  species,  T.  jyicltis,  fruin 
Chile. 

Mavrochile^  Loew  {Linnsea  Enlomolorpca,  Vol.  Y,  p,  4i)2, 
ISal,  Tab.  II,  fig.  24)  is  also  remarkably  like  Protoplaaa ;  iicurly 
the  same  venation,  the  same  sfjuare  anal  angle,"  long  prolioscis, 
hirge  lips,  and  long  ])alpi.  The  only  striking  dillerence  in  the 
venation  is,  that  the  su])eriiumerary  cross-vein  in  the  peiutltiiiiiitf 
posterior  cell,  which  distinguishes  rroloplaxa,  is  wanting  Ikto, 
as  in  Tan!/(h'7'i(s,  and  that  the  prwfurca  is  rounded  near  its 
origin,  and  has  no  stump  of  a  vein.     The  eyes  of  Mucrochde 


'  From  Tantu,  to  extenrl,  and  Jep>i,  neck. 

2  From  |M3x?of,  large,  ami  x'"^'?-  'ip- 

'  This  i.s  not  mentioned  in  Mr.  Loew'a  desoription,  nor  repre^eiitc'l  on 
liis  figure,  but  I  liave  ascertained  it  on  the  ori^-nal  specimens,  whiili  I 
have  seen.  Tlie  statement  ahout  tlie  structure  of  tlie  collare,  HiiicU  I 
mako  further  below,  I  owe  to  a  written  communication  of  Mr.  Loew. 


Ii'' 


/;Mh' 


niOTOPI.ASA. 


319 


nrc  contijruons  above  tlio  niiteiinii',  which  nro  likewise  longer 
tliaii  tiiusc  of  J'rol>)])l(ii«i,  ami  Miiietocii-jnintcd  ;  their  structiiro 
is  nearly  the  same;  the  eolhirc  is  short,  niitl  in  this  respeet 
}I(icri)i'}iile  (lillcrs  from  the  two  other  jrenera.  MucrtHhili'  is 
rt'pivscnted  by  a  single  species,  M.  spcvlrum,  found  in  the  I'rus- 
siuii  aniljcr. 

Mdt'roi'hilc,  Prvfojilnxn,  and  Ttnx/dcriiit  thus  form  a  group  of 
cliisi'ly  allied  genera,  distinguishe(l  by  the  presence  of  a  discal 
cell,  of  a  sui)crnunierary  longitudinal  vein  in  the  first  posterior 
cell,  llie  great  length  of  the  second  sul)marginal  cell  in  comparison 
to  tiie  lirst,  the  shortness  of  the  basal  cells,  and  some  other  very 
striking  characters.  That  they  arc  more  closely  allied  to  the 
Pliichniilcriiia  than  to  any  other  known  group  of  l'ipuUdi£  is 
proved  by  the  presence  of  only  six  longitudinal  veins,  by  the 
large  development  of  the  suctorial  flabs,  the  great  length  and 
structure  of  the  palpi,  and  the  sinuosity  of  the  thoracic  suture 
of  Prolojilasn.  I'ti/choj)tcra  and  liitlacomoriihn  have  no  discal 
coll,  the  second  submarginal  cell  is  only  half  so  long  as  the  first, 
and  the  first  posterior  cell  is  not  divided  in  two  by  a  supernu- 
merary longitudinal  vein,  although  this  veii»  is  foreshadowed  by 
a  fold  which  appears  in  its  place  in  Pti/choptcrn. 

The  genus  Protoplam  (from  rtpwrof,  the  first,  and  n^arfm^,  to 
form,  in  allusion  to  its  relationship  to  a  species  belonging  to  a 
previouv  geological  period)  has  been  introduced  by  mo  in  the 
Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philud.  1859,  p.     32. 

Description  of  the  uprcies. 

It    P.  fitcllii  0.  S.  —  Fuscano-ciuerascens  ;  aim  maculis  ocellaribus 
briinueis  in  fascias  confluentibus  ornatae. 

Brownish-gray  ;  wings  banded  with  brown,  the  bands  consisting  of  con- 
fluent brown  spots.     Long.  corp.  0.3 — 0.35. 

Syx.  Protoplasa  Jitchii  0.  Sacken,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  1859,  p.  252. 

Ileaa  grayish,  epistonia,  proboscis,  and  palpi  brownish  ;  an- 
tcnnic  paler.  Thorax  brownish-gray,  opaque,  stripes  hardly 
visil)le;  haltcres  with  brown  knobs;  feet  yellowish;  knees,  the 
tips  of  the  tibia?,  of  the  first  tarsal  joint,  and  of  the  tarsi  brown. 
Ahiloraen  brownish  ;  posterior  margins  of  the  segments  paler. 
Wings  whitish,  with  a  brown  i)icturc  occupying  nearly  the 
whole  surface ;  on  all  the  cross-veins  and  at  the  origins  and  the 


ti 


ivy 


■   :li 

'        ' '     Ml 


•Id 


\^i^'n 


:x' 


us 


>.' 


I 


320 


DIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


Ur 


tips  of  the  principul  voiii.s  the  brown  of  tliis  pictiiro  is  pnlir, 
roriiiiiij?  riiij?-lik(!  spot.s  or  ocelli;  tlit!  principul  ones  of  iIm..,. 
ocelli  ure  :  one,  ut  llio  orifj^in  of  the  pricfiirca,  connected  with  a 
Itrown  spot,  <ic('upyinj^  the  frreiiter  part  of  the  Imsc  of  the  wintr; 
iinotlier  at  tln'  inner  enil  of  the  first  posterior  cell,  u  third  nn  tlic 
great  cros.s-vt;iii,  and  a  fourth  on  tiie  siiperniinierary  cross-vein  in 
the  penullinuite  posterior  cell;  these  three  ocelli  lorni  a  pint  of  n 
Ijroad  l)ro\vn  l)UMd,  runninj,'  from  the  anterior  to  the  jtdsterior 
marjrin  ;  the  two  next  ocelli  (one  at  the  inner  end  of  the  first 
sul)nmrf^inal  \v'u\,  the  other  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  discul 
cell)  form,  with  two  small  ocelli  on  the  hind  inarfrin  of  the  win^', 
a  second  band,  rnnninj.f  across  the  wing  ;  this  band  emits  u  branch 
v,-hich  runs  towards  the  tip  of  the  wing  and  Mils  the  whole  npicnl 
])ortion  of  the  double  first  posterior  cell ;  there  are  some  small 
ocelli  along  the  apical  margin  of  the  wing. 

I  possess  two  si)ecimen3  of  this  insect,  for  which  I  am  in- 
debted to  Dr.  Fitch  ;   I  am  not  aware  of  the  precise  loculifv, 
where  they  were  taken;  but  it  was  proliably  either  in  the  h' 
of  New  York,  or  in  the  Green  Mountains  of  Vermont.     As  s. 
above,  I  am  iu  doubt  as  to  the  sex  of  these  speciiueus. 


lUi ' 


iri;«'4 


f!''i 


m^. 


APPENDIX  T. 


8PECIES  DESCRIBED  BY  PREVIot'S  AI'TIIOItS  AND  NOT  CONTAINED  IN  THE 
I'UEisENT  MONOUIUI'H. 


Say,  Journal  of  the  Academy  oj  Natural  Sciences  in  PJiila- 
delphia,  III,  p.  22. 

Liinnobia  liiinieralis. 

Dusky,  bpiK^atli  \\iiW  ;  wings  liyaliuo,  iiuinaculatc. 

Inhabits  IVnnsylvaiiia. 

Antenna!  fuscous,  first  joint  and  rostrum  (lull  yellowish  ;  front 
uiul  vertex  dull  cinereous;  thorax  dark  livid;  humerus,  Iwd 
olisolctc  lines,  nnd  lateral  margin  as  far  as  the  wings  yelhnvisli ; 
])!ewra  and  pectus  pale  yellow;  seutel  and  metatliorax  color  (tf 
the  thorax  ;  nervures  dark  brown.  corresi)onding  in  arrangcnicnt 
with  .Meigen's  lig.  2,  pi.  (1 ;  feet  dark  brown ;  terguui  dull  yellow- 
isli,  with  a  black  line  ;  venter  white. 

Length,  two-Gfths  of  an  inch  (feni.). 

Say,  Lon(fs  Expedition,  Appendix. 
Page  350.    Ptyclioptera  4-fasciata. 

Wings  hyaline,  with  four  brown  bands. 

lnlial)it.s  Pennsylvania. 

Head  and  thorax  blackish-brown  ;  antenna?,  palpi,  month  and 
liypostonia,  except  near  the  base  of  the  antenna',  whitish;  wings 
with  four  brown,  subequidistant  baiuls,  of  which  the  third  rca<'li('s 
the  inner  margin  and  the  others  are  abbreviated  ;  pleura,  pectus, 
and  feet  yellowish-white,  the  incisures  of  the  latter  dusky. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  nearly  half  an  inch. 

This  species  is  infested  by  a  parasite  of  the  genus  Ocypete. 
It  occurred  in  June. 

21      November,  1868.  ,  (321) 


;  .-il 


■*4i' 


I'nn  I 


fi'!.'-ii 


1^1 


m 


m^ ,. 


822 


Dll'TEUA  OF  NORTH  AMEUICA. 


LI'AKT  IV. 


Page  3iiM.    Ti'iclioccra  scutelluta. 

Dark  fuscous,  scutol  whitish. 

Inhabits  Northwest  Territory. 

Palpi  Ijhjckirili ;  thora.x  sli,u;litly  tinged  with  livid;  aiitei'inr 
angles  and  neck  segments  dull  yelh)wish-[)ieeuus ;  .^cuiel  dull 
whitish;  wings  ininiaculate,  whitish  at  base;  puisers  white,  witli 
a  fuscouK  capituiuin  ;   coxa)  and  thiglis  at  base,  dull  yellowi-h. 

%  and  9.    Length  of  the  body  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Taken,  in  September,  at  the  falls  of  Kakaltikka,  beyond  l;iike 
Superior.  The  posterior  margin  only  of  the  seutel  is  dull  ydlnw- 
ish-whi*e  in  the  r.iale.  This  species  seems  to  be  clo.sely  allied  to 
2\  iHU'va  r.Ieig. 

Wiedemann,  Ausscrcuropaische  ZicciJlUgcUgc  Liacclcn,  \'ol.  I, 

2).  28. 
L.iiiiiiobia  gracilis. 

IJrnnnea,  glaln'a ;  thoracis  lateribus,  pleuris  abdoniinisquc  sog- 
mentis  nie(liis  ai)i('e  flavidis. 

Saftbraun,  glatt ;  Seileu  di  ■;  Riickenschildes,  der  Brust  uiid 
Spitze  der  mittleren  lliiiterieibsabschnitte  gelblieh.  7  Linien 
lang;  % . 

l*ennsylvania. 

Fiihlerwurzel  gelblieh,  Goiss(d  braun.  Untorgosicht  lichtgcl- 
blieh.  Stirne  und  llinterhaapt  Ijraun.  lliiekensehild  saftbraiiii, 
ghut  ;  Sehultern  und  Seiten  liehtgell)lich,  JJrnstseiten  und  Driist 
gleiehfalls  ;  Sehildchen  und  llinterriieken  saftbraun.  Hintriicih 
viel  liinger  als  die  Fliigel,  saftbraun,  an  der  Wurzel  niit  weissliehtii 
Flecken ;  erster  Abschidtt  am  hingsten,  an  der  Spitze,  wie  luuh 
der  zweite  und  dritte,  gelblieh  ;  folgende  an  den  Kinschiiittiii 
sehr  seiimal  und  wenig  merklieh  weisslieh  ;  Aft(>r  gelltlidi; 
Haueh  saftbraun  mit  gell)li('hcn  Einsehnitton.  Fliigel  wniig 
gelblieh,  niit  l)raunem  Randmale ;  Adern  Avic  Meigen's  'l\ib,  \'l, 
lig.  2.    Sehwinger  gelblieh,  mit  brauuem  Knopfe.    IJeine  saftbraun. 

{Translation,) — Brown,  gl!il)rons  ;  side.s  of  the  niesonotum,  plenr.T,  anil 
tlie  posterior  margins  of  tlie  intermediate  abdominal  segmenta  yellonisli. 
Male  seven  lines  long. 

Basis  of  tlie  anteuniK  yellowisli.  tlacellum  brown  ;  nnder  side  of  the  face 
pale  vellowish.  Front  and  vertex  brown.  Thorax  brown  above,  smooth; 
humeri    and   luaruins   of    the    mesonolum   palo   yellowish,   pleur;c   ami 


AITKN'DIX  I. 


3-2.'} 


stevnnm  likewiso;  scutt'lluni  .iiiil  iiif,i!*li(Hiix  brown.  Alidoineu  inui-h 
liiiii;cr  tliiiii  tlie  wings,  brown,  wjtli  wliitisli  spots  near  its  basis;  tlic  first 
joint  is  tile  longest  ;  its  posterior  in.-irgin,  as  well  as  tiiat  of  tlie  seroiid 
iuiil  tliinl  joints,  yellowisli ;  the  following  joints  liave  narrow  and  but  litttlo 
iifiii'iitil'le  wliitish  margins  ;  tip  of  tlie  ab(biinen  yellowisb  ;  venter  biown, 
with  vi'llowisli  margins  of  tbe  segments.  Wings  but  sligbtly  yellowish, 
with  a  brown  stigma;  veiiis  like  Meigen,  Tab.  VI,  f.  12.  Ilalteres  yellow- 
ish, with  a  brown  knot);   feet  brown. 

A.  Filch,  Winfi'r  Jn.ouifi  of  JCnft/ern  jN'r;r  lor/v 
Triclioc-t'i-:i  briiiiialis. 

IJrowiii.sli-bliii'k  ;  wing.s  and  k'.i^s  palliU  at  llieir  ))ases  ;  poi.sers 
bliickisli ;  their  pedicels  whitish. 

Length  <jf  the  male  O.l.S;  of  the  i'einah(  O.^.'j,  the  wiiij^s  ex- 
pamiiiii''  twice  tliese  ineasureiuciit.s. 

Thorax  with  an  ohsenrc  crayi.^li  refleeti(Hi.  Abdomen  in  the 
male  oyiindrieal,  .^lightly  narfower  towai'ds  tlie  tip;  in  the  leina'e 
eloiiirated  oval  and  pointed  tvt  the  tip;  eaeh  sejrinent  with  a 
sti'oiigly  iinj)ressed  ti'ansverse  line  in  its  middle,  and  the  i)osterior 
iiiiiriiin  elevated  into  a  sliL!;ht  ridge.  Ovipositor  fnlvotis,  some- 
times tinged  with  blackish.  "NVings  hyidiiie,  I'aintiy  tinged  with 
<lnsky  ;  inner  margins  ciliated  with  (pnte  short  hairs;  nerviires 
lilackish.  Legs  very  Umyc,  slender  iind  fragile,  hlackish  ;  femurs 
brown,  gradually  jtaler  towards  their  Itases. 

("oinmon  in  forests  in  the  winter  season,  coming  mit  in  warm 
(lays,  flying  in  th',-  snnsliino  and  alighting  upon  tin;  snow,  its 
wings  rei)osing  horizontally  upon  its  back,  wheit  sit  rest.  l']veu 
when  the  teinp<'rature  is  below  the  freezing  point  and  tlie  cold  so 
severe  as  to  confine  every  other  insect  within  its  coverts,  it  may 
lie  met  with  abroad,  upon  the  wing.  It  is  a  plain,  unadorned 
sjieeies,  closely  allied  in  its  charnclers  to  the  Kiiropeaii  V.  Jiic- 
H(rt//s,  but  in  a  number  of  im})ale(l  specinieiis  before  me  *1  can 
detect  no  stripes  or  bands  upon  the  thorax,  whilst  tlie  very  obvi- 
ous elmracter  of  the  legs  and  wings,  being  ])allid  at  their  bases, 
1  do  not  find  mentioned  as  pertaining  to  that  species. 

Macquart,  Pipltym  Exotiquvii,  Vol.  I,  1,  p.  GO. 

riiniiopliila  cnrboiiaria  Boac. 

Thoraeo  nigro  ;   alls  fiiscis,  umeiilis  fasciis(pie  hyalinis. 

Tete  testacee ;    parties  posterieure  du  front   brune.     Museau 


i  ' 


■-.■.It 


.  % 


SI  •■■♦■• 


'  ^ 


'^:'\ 


i  :._  ti 


".•)J 


T>T1'TF.UA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  IV. 


0: 


■ill*:!'  .i.   i 


court.  Tromi)e  vi  palpes  bruns.  Antennes  :  los  premiers  articles 
(I'lin  I'iiuvc  Ijniiiiitre  ;  les  autres  brumUres  ;  premier  assez  court ; 
troisicme  et  suivaiits  oblongs,  ovales  ;  les  dcriiiers  inaiKjiient. 
Thorax  d'an  iioir  liilsaiit ;  cotes  cl'iiii  brun  luisaiit.  Abdoiiicri 
iiiaiKiuo  rieds  :  handles  fauves,  alusi  que  les  cuisses  auterieuies: 
k;  reste  maiuine.  IJalaiiciers  bnins.  Ailes  briines :  uii  point 
blanc  a  la  base  des  cellules  basilaires ;  une  tuche  hyaline  avant  la 
base  de  la  iiiargiiiale ;  uiio  baude  hyaline  avant  ia  base  dc  la 
sous-iiiaryiuaie  ;  riutorieur  de  la  diseoidale  et  des  postericnrcs 
liy;din  ;  deux  iiiarginales,  deux  sous-uiarginales  ;  dcuxieme  pos- 
terieure  assez  petite,  a  long  petiole.     (De  la  Caroline.) 

(Tninslatioii.) — Thorax  black;  wings  brown,  with  hyaline  spots  ami 
bands. 

Head  testaceous  ;  back  part  of  tlio  front  brown.  Rostrum  short ;  pro- 
boscis and  palpi  brown.  Antenn;p  :  first  joints  brownish-fulvous  ;  tlie 
otliers  l)rownish  ;  the  first  rather  short,  the  third  and  following  ohloiig, 
oval  ;  the  last  joints  are  wanting.  Thorax  black,  shining  ;  pleur;e  brown, 
shining.  The  abdomen  is  wanting.  Feet:  coax  fulvous,  as  well  as  the 
fore  femora;  the  remainder  is  wanting,  llalteres  brown.  Wings  brown; 
a  white  dot  at  the  inner  end  of  the  basal  cells  ;  a  hyaline  spot  before  the 
inner  end  of  tlu^  marginal  cell ;  a  hyaline  ban<l  liefore  the  inner  end  of  the 
suhmarginal  cell  ;  the  inside  of  the  discal  and  of  the  posterior  cells  is 
hyaline;  two  marginal  and  two  suhmarginal  cells;  the  second  posterior 
cell  is  short,  with  a  long  petiole.     (From  Carolina.) 

WalLcr,  Lid  of  the  Specimens  of  the  ])ipte7'ot(ii  Insects  in  the 
Collection  of  the  llriti^h  Museum,  Vol.  I. 

Page  80.    Ptyclioiitci-a  iiietallica. 

Nigro-icnca,  abdoniiue  apiee  fulvo,  pcdibus  fuscis,  fcmoribui? 
I'ulvis,  alls  cinereis. 

])0(ly  black ;  "lead  and  chest  bronze  ;  abdomen  bronze  black, 
tawny  at  the  i\\) ;  legs  brown,  pubescent ;  thighs  tawny,  with 
))rown  tips;  wings  gray,  tawny  along  the  fore  border;  veins 
brown;  poisers  dull  tawny.  Length  of  the  body  3  lines,  of  the 
wings  (i  liiu's. 

j<t.  Martin's  Falls,  Albany  River,  Hudson's  Bay. 

Some  of  the  characters  of  this  species  dilTer  from  those  of  tlic 
other  Ptijchopterfe :  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  extends  beyond 
two-thirds  of  the  length  of  the  wing,  and  there  joins  the  fore 
border,  the  fourth  is  adjacent  to  the  fiftl;  till  near  the  tip,  ami 
after  emitting  a  branch,  which  runs  parallel  to  it,  is  forked  beyoml 


't' 


APPENDIX  I. 


325 


■•.Li  .:■>•-■  J'Uv^i' , 


tlirpo-fourtlis  of  the  lenj^th  of  the  wiiif; ;  the  forks  arc  very  short 
and  (iiic  joins  the  fore  border,  the  other  joins  the  briiiieh  before 
iiiontioiied  ;  the  latter,  soon  after  its  orij^in  is  divided,  and  its 
lower  braneh  is  again  divided  ;  at  the  souree  of  its  first  division 
a  short  eross-vein  joins  it  to  the  third,  whieh  is  forked  near  the 
ti|i  i)f  the  wing;  the  second  is  simple,  but  is  joined  to  the  third 
Itv  a  cross-vein,  whieh  has  an  o.utward  angle,  whence  a  vein  pro- 
ceeds to  the  hind  border,  near  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  the  first  is 
forked. 

rage  82.    Chionea  aspera,  n.  pp. 

Obscure  fulva,  hirsutissima,  antennis  nigris,  pedibus  fulvis. 

"JJodj'dark  tawny,  very  hairy;  eyes  black  ;  feelers  black,  Ijeset 
with  long  hairs,  tawny  at  the  base,  a  little  longer  than  the  head ; 
legs  tawny,  long,  stout,  and  very  hairy.    Length  of  the  l)ody  2  lines. 

"St.  Martin's  Falls,  Albany  River,  Hudson's  Bay." 

Cliionea  sella,  n.  sp.  Fem. 

Pallide  fulva,  hirsuta,  antennis  nigris. 

Body  pale  tawny,  longer  and  more  slender  than  that  of  the 
preceding  sjiecies,  and  much  less  hairy  ;  eyes  black  ;  feelers  black, 
less  hairy  than  those  of  C.  aspera,  longer  than  the  head  ;  legs 
tawny,  paler,  more  slender,  less  hairy,  and  a  little  longer  than 
those  of  C.  aspcra. 

Page  84.    Tricliocera  liiinacula,  n.  sp. 

Cano  fulva,  thorace  cano  trivittato,  abdtimino  fusco  fasciato, 
antennis  tarsisquc  fuscis,  pedibus  fulvis,  alls  limpidis,  fusco  bi- 
niaculatis. 

Head  and  chest  overspread  with  a  slight  henry  bloom  ;  head 
tawny,  paljii  and  eyes  black,  feelers  brown,  slender,  ])ubescent, 
inoH!  than  half  the  length  of  the  body  ;  chest  brown,  three  indis- 
tinct hoary  stripes  on  the  disk  of  the  shield;  breast  tawny,  aljdo- 
nien  with  alternate  tawny  and  brown  rings ;  legs  tawny,  slender, 
imbescent ;  knees  and  feet  brown ;  wings  colorless,  with  two 
small  pale  brown  spots  on  the  disk  ;  veins  brown  ;  poisers  tawny. 
Length  of  the  body  2  lines;  of  the  wings  .5  lines. 

Nova  Scotia.     From  Lieut,  iledman's  collection. 

Tricliocera  gracilis,  n.  Rp.  Fem. 
Nigra,  gracilis,  pedibus  fuscis,  alls  subcinereis,  inimaculatis. 


Ml 


'■;  A  ^:  1 


I    1 


■  y 


'M  ,"  •,  ■ 

1  -r)/' 

4  <■;■'. 

^i:"-:  •: 

Pi    •'.:•:- 

^  ■■■■'■: 

320 


DIPTKR.V  or  NOUTH  AMEIUCA. 


[part  IV. 


liody  l)luck,  sk'ndiT,  dull;  sciitclicoii  and  1)n'iist  jticcinis; 
feelers  l)liifk,  nearly  half  tlie  ieiitrlli  <>*"  tlio  l»ody  ;  le.u's  brown; 
wiii<rs  slij^^litly  gray,  not  spotted;  veins  black;  poisers  tawny, 
witli  piceous  knobs.  Lengtii  of  ilie  body  2  lines;  of  the  winir.s 
5  linens. 

>i(;\v  York  Factory,     rrosented  by  Dr.  Rue. 

Walker,  Diplera  Saiindcrsiana. 

Page  434.     Div.  I.    Mmg.  Dipt.  I,  p.  lol,  T;ib.  V,  fig.  .'5. 

Liiiiiiiobia  tiir|si<4,  Fain. 

Nigro-fusea;  antennic  setaeese,  nioidlifornies,  lliorace  breviore^; 
cajjut  et  thorax  cinereo  tonientosa;  abdomen  })ieeinn,  apiee  fulvnm: 
pedes  fulvi,  fenioribus  tibiiscpic  apiee,  tarsis(pio  nigris  ;  ahe  snit- 
einereiv,  venulis  transversis  infuseatis. 

IJiaekish-brown.  Antennie  l)laek,  setaceous,  nioiiilifiinn,  ratlicr 
shorter  than  tlie  thorax.  Head  and  thorax  with  cinere(jus  tn- 
nicntuni.  Al)doinen  piecous,  tawny  at  the  tij).  Oviduct  (vlin- 
drieal,  rather  long.  Legs  tawny  ;  tarsi  and  tips  of  the  feiimr;! 
and  of  the  tibia;  l)laek.  Wings  grayish  ;  veins  brown,  testa<'e(iiis 
towards  the  base  ;  transverse  veinlets  cl()ud"d  ;  stignui  bniwii. 
]Ialteres  testaceous.  Length  of  the  body  5  lines;  of  the  wings 
10  lines. 

Canada. 


Page  43G.  Div.  ji. 
Mediastinal  vein  at  a  little  before  two-thirds  of  the  length  of 
the  wing;  subcostal  ending  at  about  three-fourths  of  the  length, 
connected  with  the  radial  by  a  transverse  veinlet  at  its  tip;  radial 
and  cubital  sftringing  from  a  coninion  jietiole,  which  is  less  tliiiii 
half  their  length,  and  which  forms  a  rigiit  angle  near  its  liasc; 
radial  forked  near  its  base;  cubital  forming  near  its  bas<^  a  very 
obtuse  angle,  whence  proceeds  tiie  lirst  externo-niedial ;  the  latiir 
is  rectangular  near  its  base  and  is  forked  towards  its  tip,  and  is 
connected  with  the  third  externo-n.edial  by  two  transverse  vein- 
lets  ;  the  outer  one  of  these  forms  a  slight  angle,  whence  i»roce((l< 
the  second  oxterno-medial  vein;  third  externo-medial  connected 
with  the  subanal  by  a  transverse  veinlet,  which  joins  the  middk' 
of  the  hind  side  of  the  discal  areolet. 


APPENDIX  I.  327 

Lininoliia  bltcrniinafa,  F(rm. 

Fulva ;  anteiiiiiv;  fuscie,  .setaceu;,  idlossa;,  t^iibiiionilifornics,  l)asi 
ftilvii!;  iibdoineii  fuscum,  basi  fulviiiu  ;  j)otk'S  lestacoi,  longi, 
gri'acih's;  alio  subciiiurcie,  veiiis  fuscis,  voiiulis  traiisver.sis  apud 
cos^taiii  iit'bulosis  ;  haheres  tcstaoel 

Tawny.  Antouiiif  brown,  st'tacoous,  pilose,  subnioiiiliforni, 
tawny  at  the  ba.se,  not  half  the  leiifrth  of  the  thorax.  Abdomen 
l)ruwn,  tawny  at  the  tip.  Lejrs  tcstaceon.s,  long:,  slender.  Win<T.s 
very  sli>rhtly  grayish  ;  veins  brown,  testaceou.s  at  the  base;  trans- 
verse vcinlet-s  towards  the  costa  ehjuded  witli  brown,  llalteres 
testaeeous.     Length  of  the  body  G  lines;  of  the  wings  10  lines. 

United  States. 


Page  437.  Div.  n. 
Strueture  of  the  wing-veins  miieh  like  that  of  Div.  X.  Meig, 
Dipt.  I,  p.  I'S'S,  Tab.  VI,  lig.  5,  but  the  petiole  wlienee  .'spring 
the  radial  and  eubital  vein,s  forms  a  right  angle  and  emits  the 
stump  of  a  vein  near  its  base,  and  the  veiidet  between  the  third 
e.xteriio-niedial  vein  and  the  subanal  is  nearer  the  middle  of  the 
liind  side  of  the  diseal  areolet,  whieh  is  as  long  as  the  second 
extcrno-medial  vein. 

Liiniiobia  ignobilis,  Firm. 

Cinerea;  caput  antice  fulvnm  ;  palpi  and  an'  ,ntc  nigra  basi 
fulva ;  antenna!  setaeea*,  nou  nioniliformes,  thoraee  multo  l)revi- 
ores ;  thorax  fusco  trivittatus ;  latera  pectustpie  cana  ;  abdomen 
sui)tus  fulvum,  apiee  rnfescens ;  pedes  fulvi ;  ala3  subeinereaj, 
venulis  transversis  fn.seo  ■;ubnel)ulosis. 

Cinereous.  Head  tawny  in  front.  Palpi  and  antenmc  Idack, 
tawny  at  tlio  base.  Antennjc  setaoonus,  not  moniliform,  much 
shorter  than  the  thorax.  Thorax  with  three  I)rown  stripes;  sides 
and  pectus  hoary.  Abdomen  tawny  beneath,  reddish  at  the  tip; 
oviduct  rather  long.  Logs  tawny;  tarsi  blackish  (?)•  Wings 
{rrayish ;  veins  black,  tawny  at  the  base  ;  transverse  veinlets 
slightly  clouded  with  brown.  Halteres  tawny.  Length  of  the 
hody  i")[r  lines  ;  of  the  wings  12  lines, 

North  America. 


■  ■.■•.  ■•.'  ■.;.«■« *i  mm 


}.-W- 


W- 


p 

i 


328 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  IV. 


,(    f 


Zetterstedt,  Diptera  Scandinavix,  Vol.  X,  j)-  37"  T. 
Erioptera  fascipennis. 

Grisea;  antennis  obscuris  ;  alis  cincreo-liyalini?,  undiquo  villo- 
sulis,  fasciA  nuboculari  abbreviate,  bruniiei ;  halteribus  albiiis. 
%  9 .     Long.  %  2^,  9  saltciu  3  lin. 

Zelt.  Ins.  Lapp.  831,  9,  etc. 

Tota  griseo-fi'oca,  opaca,  pubescens.  Antcnnoc  obscura>.  Oculi 
nigri.  I'alpi  fusci,  articulo  2do  incrassato.  Thoracis  liiiil)us 
hunierali.s  pallidas.  Scutcllum  tcstacoum.  Abdomen  distincto 
pallidc  pubescens,  in  %  lincA  utrinqnc  latot  ^U  ct  uniciV  niiMlii 
dorsali  obscurioribub,  in  9  stylis  caudalibus  ferruginco-fluvis. 
Ala)  sordidc  albida?,  irisantos,  ui.dique  pube  brevissiiiiA  toiui- 
issimi  vcstita),  nervis  brunneis.  Nubecula  distincta,  siitiirato 
bruniioa ;  ex  hac  descendit  fere  ad  medium  ake  fascia  angiista 
indctcrminata  valdc  obsoleta  fuse  i,  nervos  trai:svcrsos  transient ; 
hffic  vero  pictura  in  9  paullo  perspicuior  quam  in  %.  Areola 
obovata  nervos  tres  simplices  emittit.  Nervus  longitudinalis  liiius 
longiusculus,  leniter  flexuosus,  apice  ad  margiiiera  interiorem  alio 
lion  longc  ab  octavo  reniotus.  Nervulus  conncctens'  adist. 
Ilalteres  albidi.  Pedes  pubescentes,  fusci,  femoribus  basi  iiaullo 
dihitioribus. 

[Trauslndnn. — Gray,  antennje  dark,  wings  grayish-hyaline,  pnlioscent 
on  the  wliole  surface,  and  with  an  abbreviated  clouded  brown  biiml ; 
halteres  whitish  ;   "^  ,  9  • 

Altogether  grayish-brown,  opaque,  pubescent ;  antennse  dark ;  eyes 
black  ;  palpi  brown,  second  joint  incrassated.  Huiueral  border  of  tlie 
thorax  pale  ;  scutellum  testaceous  ;  abdomen  with  a  distinct  pubescence 
of  pale  hairs,  in  the  male  on  each  side  with  a  darker  lateral  line  and  a 
similar  one  in  the  mi<ldle  ;  in  the  female,  the  ovipositor  is  feiriiLrinmi-- 
yellow.  Wings  of  a  sordid  whitish,  iridescent,  clotlied  on  the  wlu'le 
surface  with  a  very  short  and  delicate  pubescence ;  tlie  veins  brown. 
Stigma  distinct,  saturate  brown ;  a  narrow,  indefinite,  very  obsolete  iirown 
band  runs  from  it  along  the  central  cross-veins  ;  this  picture  is  more 
distinct  in  the  female  than  in  the  male.  Discal  cell  obovate ;  it  emits 
three  simple  veins  ;  the  last  longitudinal  vein  is  elongated,  gently  sinii- 
ated  ;  its  tip  is  rather  approximated  to  the  tip  of  the  preceding  loiiL'itndiMiil 
vein.  The  connecting  nervule  is  present.'  Ilalteres  pale.  Feet  pubescent, 
brown  ;  femora  paler  at  the  basis.] 


Marginal  cross-vein. 


m 


APPENDIX  I. 


329 


Westwood,  London  and  Edinh.  Philos.  3Ia(jazine,  1835. 

Ci}  iioplistia  aniiulata.  9. 

Nigra,  tli«raco  coxiscfuu  Uutc  I'ulvis;  ulis  fuscis  ;  abdoniine 
sericic  subauroii  obtccto ;  tibiis  ai\uuIo  contnili  albo,  tarsis(|iio 
biisi  riilvcsceiitibus ;  aiitonnis  ?  17-articulatis,  articiih's  3-0 
raimiiii  ))revoin  obtusiim  einittentibus,  lOino  interno  acute  i)r(j- 
diicto,  rt'li(iuis  siniplicibus.  Ijoii<^.  corp.  5  lin. ;  exp.  alar.  0^-  liii. 
JJab.   Aiiier.  Sept.     Mus.  I).  Hope. 

[Triinsldllon. — Blark,  thorax  and  coxnp  of  a  bright  fulvous;  wings 
lirowii ;  ab(h)nien  with  a  somewhat  golden,  sericeous  retlection  ;  tibijc  witli 
a  wliitf  band  in  the  ini(Mle  ;  tarsi  yellowish  at  the  basis  ;  antenna;  of  the 
female  17-jointed  ;  the  joints  3-!)  emit  a  short,  obtuse  branch  ;  the  tenth 
lias  a  sharp  projection  on  the  inside  ;  the  following  joints  simple.  Length 
of  tilt'  body  5  lines  ;  expanse  of  the  wings  9;^  lines.  Hub.  North  America ; 
collection  of  Mr.  Hope.] 


^ 


^i;;.;.jij|a|fra 

V  ,*♦!'  *^^^T4\»'ft|s 

i^IlBJ^^I 

•'|!.!i:,-'v:J't;")t 

^'•m 

s-y.'^"-'  ■■'"•■^-''li 

L-'M^^ 

■'rmm 

..^  ■'  '■■■'■•'  if  'wM 

'-.-'■Km 

■  ■;:'.!  Jw 

tm 

{■• 


3;i0 


MI'TKHA  OK  Nuirni  AMKUICA. 


[I'AKT  IV. 


i.  ;..•, 


APPENDIX   II. 


ON  THE  OEXERA   OF  TIPULID^E  BKEvMl'ALPI   NOT  INDIGENOUS  IN  EUKOPE  nli 

IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


j:ii.r 


m\ 


Iplii'i 


W: 


I  ERIPIIEROPTERA'  S(  iiineq. 

(Section  LIMNOBINA;  compare  above,  p.  ."JS.) 

Tlio  followiiijj^  is  tniiishitod  from  Dr.  Scliiiicr's  article  in  the 
VvrhaiuU.  Zaut.  Hot.  Gaxcllsch.  in  Wioi,  18(;('),  p.  l);};j  :— 

"  Head  attaclieil  rather  low,  short-necked,  seen  from  above  almost  tri- 
angular ;  oucij  ut  strongly  developed  ;  eyes  joiind,  large,  separated  by  tiie 
broad  front;  ocelli  wanting;  j)alpi  four-jointed,  the  last  joint  shorter  than 
the  i)receding;  antennic  short,  14-jointed  ;  first  joint  cylindrical,  tlie 
second  short  and  stout,  the  joints  of  tiie  tlagelluni  rounded,  rather  closely 
applied  to  eacli  other,  gradually  diminishing  in  size;  the  last  joint  bml- 
shaped  ;  all  joints  with  delicate  bristles  near  the  basis.  Thorax  very 
convex  ;  transverse  suture  deep  ;  scutellum  narrow,  metathorax  well  de- 
veloped ;  halteres  large,  with  a  big  knob.  Abdomen  comparatively  slicit, 
seven-jointed  ;  genitals  of  the  male  in  the  shape  of  a  forceps  ;  the  stidiii; 
api)endages  are  excised  on  the  inside,  pointed  at  the  tip  ;  ovipositor  of  the 
female  liorny,  almost  as  long  as  the  tliree  last  joints  taken  together.  Feet 
very  long  and  slender,  tibife  without  spurs,  the  unpuet  dentate  on  tin! 
under  side,  empodia  rudimentary.  Wings  clavate  in  their  outline,  tiie 
alulic  almost  wanting  ;  auxiliary  vein  long,  connected  about  the  niiddle 
of  the  wing  by  a  cross-vein  with  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  l.itter 
vein  is  incurved  at  the  tip  in  the  second  vein,  and  conneeted  by  a  crnss- 
vein  with  the  costa ;  the  origin  of  the  second  vein  is  much  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  wing  ;  this  vein  is  not  forked  ;  third  longitudinal  vein 
simple,  strongly  arcuated  at  the  basis  ;  the  fourth. vein  is  emitted  by  the 
fifth  unusually  far  from  the  root  of  the  wing;  tlie  discal  cell  emits  thiee 
simple  veins  ;  the  fourth  vein  is  in  a  line  with  its  posterior  branch;  lifth, 
sixth,  and  seventh  veins  nearly  straight. 

Type  of  the  genus:  P.  niUns,  n.  sp.  ;  Columbia,  South  America." 


'  From  'TttfKpipiii,  rounded,  and  wrsfov,  wing. 


AIM'KNDIX  II. 


331 


Dr.  Schiller's  work,  It'iisr,  c/c.  (hr  Xonira,  /h'ph'ra,  docs  not 
(■(iiitiiiii  any  I'lirtlicr  (k'lails.  rxccpt  tlit'  (It'S('rii)tinii  of  llic  siiccics 
1'.  in/ciiK  iiiitl  ii  liji'iiTL'.  J'crijilici^i/ihTa  is  (.'vi»k'ntly  rrlatcd  to 
l>iiniiiniiii/i(i.  :  lilvc  stiMH'  spccii's  of  tlio  latter  jremis,  it  lias  a  very 
slmrt  |ira't'iirea,  ami  tlie  liji  ol'  tlie  lirst  luiigitudiuul  vein  is  in- 
curved towiirils  tlie  second. 


iv. 


" .'  »>  '',. 


<;Y\0B»I.JSTI.4'  Wkstw. 
(Scitio'i  LIMNOPHILINA  ;  ceiiiimre  p.  l!)2.) 

Oinwjilis/in  U'estw.,  L<nul.  (iml  h''li)ih.  Phil.  Jfinj.  Yl,  p. 
2^0  (s\  !i.  Aiiojilifttc.'t  Woslw.,  Zool.  Jottrii.  Xo.  iiU),  is  character- 
ized liins  : — 

"  He'lateil  to  Ctcjioplinrd.  AnteTiiire  unipcctinate  in  both  sexes,  %  18-, 
9  IT-joiiited  ;  venation  like  that  ot  (.'itiio/ilLjIiir-olata." 

Tlire(!  species  from  New  Holland  and  a  ioiirtli  from  North 
America  are  (lescril)ed.  The  author  divides  the  freniis  in  two 
scctio.is  :  one,  witii  the  male  aiiteiiiiic  having  the  joints  ',]-\1 
uiiiiiectinate  ;  t!ie  other,  the  joints  li-lT. 

.Maeciuart  {IH/it.  E.tot.  1,  1,  p.  4:})  adds  some  new  characters 
to  tlie  generic  descrijition,  and  in  a  sniisequent  volume  (1.  e. 
Sitiqil.  I,  p.  10)  ohserves  that  (hjuoplii^aa  belongs  to  the  Tipti- 
lidw  with  short  palpi,  and  not  to  those  with  long  palpi,  as  might 
bo  inferred  from  Mr.  Westwood's  statement  on  its  relationship 
to  ('lcnojili(ira. 

Those  (ii/noplifdrv  which  I  have  seen  in  the  European  collec- 
tions undoulitedly  belong  to  the  section  LimnojihiUini  ;  Xlw.'w 
venation  is  like  that  of  a  Limiiophda  with  five  }»osterior  c(dls ; 
the  structure  of  the  male  genitals  of  an  Anslralian  species  which 
I  have  seen  .shows  the  opercule  mentioned  by  JMac<[uart  (1.  c.  p. 
41]).  I  had  no  opportunity  for  studyi.ig  tluse  si)ecies  in  detail  ; 
nor  do  I  know  whether  a  afi/iio/ihslia  from  South  America, 
which  I  have  seen  in  the  Berlin  Museum,  really  belongs  to  the 
same  genus  with  the  Australian  species;  the  degree  of  re- 
lationship of  GijnopUstia  to  Clcdunia  JMiil.  is  likewise  unknown 
to  uie. 

'  From  ytnh,  female,  and  inxi^ai,  I  arm. 


i: 


■«;  V" 


It:      ' 


if 

m 


ft. 


"1 


■  u'    .  ..V 


3;i2 


DIl'TEHA  OF  NOUTH  AMKUICA. 


[I'AIIT  IV. 


1   •  1 1 


(  i:itOZOIIIi'  Wkstw. 

(Seotion  LIMNOPHILINA  ?  coiiiparo  p.  102.) 

(UtozoiUu  Wcstw.,  1,1111(1.  (iiiil  Kiliiii).  I'liil.  MiKjdx.  VI,  |i.  l's] 
(syil.  O.oiii'd  V\\'!^\\\.,  /iKil.  Jniini.  So,  :2()  ;  iicc  (t.oilirrrd. 
Miiv([.),  IVoiii  Aii.'^lniliii,  is  (lc.>;crilM'(l  tliiis: — 

/jiininl'iir  .ifliiiis  ;  nntt'iiiiii'  tlmriico  ]i!uil()  loiiginn's,  artii'ulis  !i2 ;  .^-3l 
raimilum  luiitium  i'iiiitt«iiti ;  jiiilpi  iterbrevcrt  ;  iiLuuiu  nuivi  ul  in  (ii/ii<i' 
jilisliii  rili  ilispositi. 

'I'lii.s  l!i,<t  lut'iiticdi  sccnis  to  iii(lifiit»>  lliat  lliis  li-ciiiis  licldii.:-!  to 
llio  /jiiiiiiojihi/iiia.  I  (1(1  not  know  iiiiylliiiifj;  iil)out  Ihi.s  nciiiis, 
iior  <lo  I  liiid  it  iiK'iitioiicd  in  suli.-^cMiiiciit  ])iil)ii('ati()ns,  oxiipt 
Mat'ciiuu't's  naked  quotation  (/>//;/.  JJjul.  I,  1,  i>.  C.>). 


ti  i'  '•  f  i-f 


4: 


€I.O\IOI>IIOItA'  SciiiNKi:. 

(Section  LIMNOPHILINA;  comparo  p.  192.) 

The  fol]o\vin<«-  has  Itcen  tniiishitcd  IVoni  Dr.  .Seliincr's  article  in 
the  ]'irli.  ZuuL  lU,t.  UrxcHs,-/,.  in  ]Vi,')),  ISCO,  p.  \r.'>-2  :— 

Hcail  rounded ;  eyes  soniewliat  jiiojectinc;,  rostrum  inodeiati'ly  ]iro. 
longed,  tnniuate  in  front,  and  l)esct  with  l)ri!itly  liairs.  Palpi  four-jdiuteii, 
tlie  second  joint  short  spade-sliaped,  third  and  fourth  slender,  m-aily  of 
the  same  length.  Antennre  18-jointed,  lir.st  ji)int  cylindrical,  the  r^iMOiul 
sliort  eyathiform,  3-1:5  on  the  inside  with  a  single  lateral  projection,  which 
is  very  short  on  the  joints  3  and  13  ;  the  last  joints  narrow  and  flonL'.'iti,Ml, 
finely  hristly.  Thorax  stout;  abdomen  more  than  three  times  tin-  IciiL'tli 
of  the  thorax,  somewhat  llattened,  the  horny  ovij)ositor  veiy  iiuuli  luo- 
jectinir,  almost  as  long  as  half  the  al)domen,  stout  at  the  basis,  m;hlii;illy 
attenuated,  ending,  beyond  the  middle,  in  two  slender,  somewhat  !neii;itiMl 
valves  ;  the  lower  valves  do  not  reach  beyond  the  middle  of  th«-  ujii'd- 
ones.  Feet  rather  strong,  til)ia3  with  spurs,  empodia  strongly  dfVelo|ie(1. 
Wings  long  and  comparatively  more  narrow  than  in  the  genus  (ii/nfjilislid! 
the  auxiliary  vein  is  long,  connected  with  the  first  longitudinal  by  a  i  loss- 
vein  near  its  tip ;  tlie  venation  is  otlierwise  like  that  of  6'//;/o/</(s'('/.  only 
the  terminal  portions  of  the  veins  are  all  longer  and  more  straight ;  luilluies 
long  with  a  large  knob. 

Typo  of  the  genus  :  C.  sitbfasciata  Walker;  Australia. 

'  From  KE^af,  horn,  and  cfaJJ^,-,  branched. 

'  Apparently  from  xAikov,  the  hip,  and  <pipa),  I  bear. 


AITKNIHX   II. 


IMRATIIOPIISA'  SciiiNEu. 
(Sfctioii  LIMNOBINA  ANOMALA ;  .<..•  p.  1:5:2.) 

Tlic  rulluwiiiji;  is  triiiislali'<l  rnuii  l»r.  Sciiiiior's  m'tiflt!  in  tliu 
I'rrh.  /'"jI.  Hot.  (IvxrlL-^ch.  in   W'tcn,  \S[\[\,  p.  1);52  : — 

'■  lli'.iil,  set'ii  fidtii  aliove,  almost  tiiangular,  the  occiput  stionuly  <1h- 
vt'luiicil  ;  the  roiiml,  sdiiicwliat  inojuctiiii^  vyts  t-itiiateil  ijuite  uiitfiiorly  ; 
fiiiiit  liioail  ami  Hat;  oci-lli  waHtiiii;  ;  lostiiiia  very  .slioit ;  jial|ii  four- 
jdiiiti  <1,  flit'  two  last  juiiUs  nearly  of  the  .saiiit!  length  ;  imleiuiM'  l-'j-Joiiited  ; 
liist  juiiit  elongated,  cyliudiieal,  tlie  sei;«)nd  slioit,  truneatu  in  t'luht,  tlio 
jointh  of  the  llagelhnn  uhlong,  diminisliing  in  ^ize  towards  the  tip,  rniely 
piibeseent ;  t)ie  last  joint  attenuated  at  the  Imsis,  not  bhorter  than  the 
ineceding  joint.  Thorax  very  convex,  rather  abrupt  in  front,  the  ccdlare 
Iniiii,'  almost  at  a  right  angle  to  the  niesothorax  ;  it  is  strcnigly  narrowed 
ill  fidiit.  Alidomen  seven-joiiit<M),  ahout  twice  tlie  length  of  the  thorax, 
iiairow  and  slender;  foiieps  of  the  male  rather  strong;  appendages  folded 
hai  kwards  ;  a  short,  hlunt  intermediate  piece  near  the  hasis.  ]''eet 
Kli-iider;  hind  femora  longer  tlian  the  ahdomen  ;  the  liist  Joints  of  the  tarsi 
long  and  rather  strikingly  incrassated,  spindle-sliaped,  with  a  dense,  short 
piilicsci'Uce ;  ungues  distinct;  tlie  empodium  strongly  developed,  the 
jnilvilli  r"dinientary.  Wings  broad,  the  anal  angle  much  develojied  ; 
auxiliary  »ein  close  hy  the  lirst  longitudinal  ;  the  latter  gradually 
jippinacliiiig  the  costa  anil  merging  into  it  without  heing  incurved  towanls 
it;  till!  second  longitudinal  vein  originates  ahout  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
stioiigly  arcuated  in  its  w  hole  course,  almost  at  a  right  angle  at  its  origin  ; 
forked  not  far  from  its  tip  ;  the  anterior  branch  of  the  foik  is  short,  the 
jiosterior  one  is  in  a  line  with  the  remainder  of  the  vein  ;  the  marginal 
CKiss-veiu  is  long  and  perpendi(nilar,  connecting  the  llist  and  second  veins 
in  the  region  of  the  stigma;  the  inner  end  of  the  submarginal  cell  is  in  a 
line  with  the  marginal  cross-vein,  and  in  immediate  contact  with  the 
discal  cell  ;  the  small  cross- vein  is  therefore  wanting  :  the  discal  cell  riiiits 
three  simple  veins,  running  toward  the  ni;irgiii  ;  lifth  vein  ijuite  stiaight  ; 
the  sixth  and  seventh  have  nothiii'-'  peculiar. 

Type  of  the  genus  :    P.  i.in<juhni^,  n.  sp.  :   Coluniliia,  South  America." 

Altlimiu'lj  Dr.  Scliinor  is  iiitlmilit  nlioiit  llic  rt'Iatiniisliii)  of  this 
froiiiis,  I  liavo  .<lio\vn  above  (p.  loiJ)  that,  accuriliiig  to  my  ui)iiiion, 
it  is  related  to  Teiicholabiti. 


1 

•  ■  \          ■'    WM«.  til 

ir 

Wmfl 

t. 

I 

I 

I: 


« 


i 


'  Probably  from  ■nafirfm^.;,  deflected,  averted. 


i 


23 


ii 


334 


DII'TKllA  Ol'  NORTH  A.MKlllCA. 


[I'AIIT  IV. 


CTEI>0\I.i'   riliMl'Pl. 

(Suutioii  LIMNOPHILINA.) 

Tlio  f(»llo\viii<?  Iius  bi't'ii  Iniiislutod  fVom  Dr.  Philippi'.-^  article 
ill  IIk'  IV/'/j.  Zool.  Hot.  Ut's.  in  Wwii,  18U:),  p.  G02  (Tul).  XXIII, 
lig.  •->):- 

Head  small,  globose,  attt»nuatt'(l  lieliind,  prodiiL-ed  anteriorly  in  a  stout, 
horizontal  rostrum,  j'lycs  u'loliosi*,  nUiiHr  remoto.  No  oooili.  'I'Iih  an- 
teiuiio  in  lonnth  are  finial  to  alioiU  tiirct*  iiuartcrs  of  the  lit'.id  and  tlic 
thorax  taken  together  ;  from  l.'i-  to  •^4-joinled  ;  first  Joint  cylindrical,  >timt, 
the  second  eiiual  to  onu-tliird  of  tiie  lirst,  snl'i^lohuiar  ;  tin-  following  clclit 
(or  twelve)  (^ylindrieal,  siitie(in,il,  emitim,'  a  liiamcnt  and  tiais  forniiiii;  a 
comb;  the  jirojection  of  the  third  joint  is  on  the  external  side,  and  sliert ; 
the  fourlli  joint  has  one  on  the  inside  ami  another  on  the  outride ;  tlic 
joints  .'),  (!,  7,  H,  0,  10  and  beyonil,  have  on  the  inside  a  loni;  l)r(iji'rtiiiii ; 
joint  1 1  has  a  short  one  on  the  inside  ;  the  nine  following  joints  an-  c.vliii- 
drical,  and  didieult  to  distinguish.  I'alpi  fonr-jointed,  joints  cylindricil, 
the  fourth  stout,  rather  short,  although  a  little  longer  than  the  third.  Tho 
tibire  have  two  spurs  at  the  tip. 

Four  species  from  Chile  nro  descrilied.  TIio  win^rs,  as  I 
judu'o  by  tiie  piiite,  have  two  siihinaru'inai,  five  posterior,  ami  u 
(liseal  eel! ;  the  second  siil)niiiru:iii!il  and  lirst  posterior  liitve  tlirjr 
inner  ends  almost  in  a  line;  the  second  niarfrinal  is  hut  iiitli.' 
shorter  tliuii  tlie  sul)inarfrina'.  Tho  voiuition  is  altogether  liku 
that  of'an  ordinary  Liinnoplitla,. 


,V:ivl! 


•'.  11 : 


POLYi^IORIA^  PniLippi. 

(Section  LIMNOPHILINA?) 

The  following  is  translated  from  Dr.  IM)iIii)pi's  article  on  the 
Diptera  of  Chile  in  the  Verh.  Zool.  Hot.  G'r.s-.  in  Wien,  iSC"),  p. 
COS  (Tab.  XXIII,  fig.  3):— 

"Head  produced  in  a  rostrum,  as  in  Tijmln ;  third  joint  of  the  iialpi 
Stout,  the  fourth  slender.  Antennir  short,  Iti-jointed  ;  first  joint  eloiii-'ati'il, 
cylindrical,  stout ;  the  second  stout,  subglobular ;  the  following  grad'i.illy 
decrease  in  size,  short,  n-ith  Itmi/  IkiIis.     Wings  with  six*  posterior  cells, 


'  From  itTuWv,  comb. 
*  From  wjxi;;,  much,  and  /mj'chv.  part. 

'  I'hilippi  says  :  six  posterior  cells  ;  but  both  figures  given  by  him  show 
only  five. 


Al'I'KNDlX    II. 


oor. 


till'  tliinl  {K'lioliito  ;    the   v«iii8,  »;«pt'ci;illy   tlio   p.pical  ones,  puboHcuiit. 

(UlltTWisO   llkt<    J'l/Xlllt.'' 

Five  spi'ficH,  all  from  Cliilo,  nro  dcscrilx'd.  Tlic  goncrlc 
('liai'iii'ter  does  iiol  iiiciilion  wlu'llicr  then'  arc  any  spurs  at  llio 
li|»  of  llic  tiliiie  or  not  ;  l)Ut  in  tlie  (Icscriptioii  of  ouf  of  tlio 
sjM'i'ics,  y.  Iiili'd,  1  liiiil  tlio  .slatriiinit  "tlial  tlio  liliiie  have  no 
spurs."  If  this  is  correct,  the  <;i'nus  would  have  to  he  jdaeed 
aiiiiin^  tiie  Hrioptt'rina.  TIh;  comparison  to  7'ijiiila  renders  the 
(|iicstioa  of  the  litciiliun  of  this  ji-cniis  somewhat  (hmhtful.  The 
vi'iiatiun  i.s  nut  unlike  that  of  Jmk  h/lulubis  (Tab.  11,  lig.  T). 

MC'II\OC'FRA'  I'niMPPi. 

(Seition  LIMNOPHILINA  ?  or  ERIOPTERINA  ?) 

The  followinj^  is  translated  from  Dr.  IMiilippi's  article  in  the 
Vn-h.  Zuul.  Hot.  (JciiclUdi.  in  WUii,  iSGo,  p.  Gl;'),  Tab.  XX HI, 

"  Aiit«nii.T!,  at  least  tlioso  of  the  male,  are  as  long  as  the  body,  1.3- 
joiiitoil  (?)  ;  first  joint  cylindrical,  stout,  elongated  ;  tlie  second  of  tlie  sauio 
li'iiiitli  witlx  the  first,  gradually  attenuated  ;  the  following  onen  (slender, 
stouter  in  the  uiidiUe,  on  lioth  sides  with  long,  hirsute  hairs  ;  the  last 
joints  are  rattier  indistinct.  I'rolioscis  short;  fourtli  joint  of  the  jialpl 
eipial  to  the  third  in  length  (?).  Wings  with  two  Jiiarginal  cells  ;  the  first 
larue ;  the  second  short,  separated  from  the  first  by  an  ol>li(|ne  vein;  a 
sinyle  subniarginal  cell ;  four  posterior  cells  ;  discal  cell  pentagonal ;  basal 
cells  elongated,  the  second  longer.     Feet  slender." 

The  «ren«s  is  rei)rcscnted  by  a  sin<j:le  species,  L.  dellrahda  IMiil., 
from  Valdivia,  2j  lines  lon<^.  The  lioruro  represents  a  venation 
not  unlike  that  of  Goniomijia.  Lachnocrrn  may  therefore  be  re* 
luted  to  this  genus,  or  to  the  Limiiophilie  with  four  posterior  cells. 

POLYIVIERAi  WiEn. 

(Section  unknown  ;  perhaps  AMALOPINA?) 

Tlio  following  is  extracted  from  Wiedemann's  Ausserein'op. 
Znrijluerjcllgc  Insectcn,  Vol.  I,  p.  TiT : — 

AnteuniB  28  articulatfe :  articulus  primus  globosua  ;  secundus  cylindri- 

'  From  Xa>^ni,  woolly  liair,  and  Hipa;,  horn. 

'  From  m\v;,  much,  and  jwipoj,  part,  in  allusion  to  the  numerous  joints 
of  the  auteuu;D. 


4. 


i 

■t 


m 


i 


i 


li-v:->:\ 


i-t,  i 


836 


DirXERA  OF  NOllTir  AMERICA. 


[I'AKT  IV. 


'!  ■  t'l 


CUP.  "lonfratus ;    basis   articulorum   sequeiitium   niullo  brevioiuui,  pilis 

vertic'illiitis. 

I'tMh'rt  loiigissiiiii. 

Habitus  Liiitiiobitc.     Nonieii  a  woaLc,  nuiUuui,  et  fxi^o;,  part 

[Trdnlxilinii. — AnteniuB  28-jointe(l;  first  joint  globose,  tbc  sccoml  cvlin- 

drical,  I'loiigated  ;  the  following  joints  uiuch  siiorter,  with  verticill.itc  liaiis 

at  their  basis.    Feet  very  long.     Anpearanco  of  a  JJiiiiichid  ;  tlio  niiinf,  iti,] 

'J'wo  specie's  fVuin  South  Aiiicricii  an;  (k'sc-rihi'd  ;  tlitv  inc  :; 
niid  '5^-  lines  lont^ ;  one  is  bijiek,  willi  brown  wiiiti-s.  luimicd  wiih 
while,  the  otlfcr  hrowii,  with  iiyaline  wiii^s.  Wicih'iiiiiiiirs  liuiiii' 
(1.  e.  Tiih.  \\,  1),  liji'.  4)  represents  a  venation  not  nidikc  ili;ii 
of  Jlli(ipJiid()l(il)i.-<,  ou\y  all  the  eells  in  tiic  apical  portion  of  llic 
wing  are  exceedingly  long,  the  small  and  the  great  (  i'n>s.\  (  in^, 
as  we'l  as  the  inner  <'nd  of  the  iliseal  cell,  being  lu'l'orc  tlir  niidillc 
of  the  length  of  the  wing. 

.Mac(piart  {Dipt.  E.rot.  I,  p.  (!4)  gives  a  description  and  ii  ligiiir 
of  rohjmvra  J'lifca  Wied.  'I'o  the  generic  characters  he  mhls 
that  the  rostrum  is  very  .^hort ;  the  ])alpi  of  ecpud  length,  tlie  hi>t 
joint  sleink-r,  pointed;  collare  indistinct;  feet  slender;  tiliiii' 
with  spurs  at  the  tip;  tarsi  longer  than  the  til)ia!.  \\'ings  willi 
pulieseent  veins.  Abdomen  of  the  male  flattened,  with  an  eleu- 
gated  forceps. 

Mac(iiiart's  ligure  (1.  e.  Tab.  VIII,  fig.  1)  shows  a  distinct  thdia- 
cic  suture  and  a  venation  ■■^imilar  to  that  figured  by  Wiedeniiiiiii. 
As  this  iiisf'ct  lias  five  posterior  cells  and  spurs  at  the  tip  cf  iIh' 
tibiie,  if  it  fits  in  any  of  our  sections  at  all,  it  must  b(dong  eitliti' 
to  the  l/iinn()iiliili)ia  or  to  the  Amalopinn.  The  venation,  especi- 
ally the  absence  of  adiseal  cell,  reminds  us  of  \\\g  Amalopimi.  I!m 
the  niale  forcei)s,  consisting,  if  ^Facquart  represents  it  corrccily, 
of  two  elongated  slender  halves,  leaving  an  ein))ty  si)ace  between 
thom,  is  very  diilerent  from  the  forceps  of  the  Amalojiiini.  Tlic 
presence  of  spurs  oi,  the  tii)iio  of  Poli/ntera  excludes  the  [)nilia- 
bility  of  its  relationship  to  the  Erioptcrina. 


jilii 


EXPLANATIOX  OF  THE  TLATES. 


Unnivl:  The  wings  flgniHjd  on  Plates  I  and  II  are  all  magnified  alinul 
4{  tiiiii's,  except  the  wings  lig.  'J,  and  11  of  I'Uite  II,  which  are  luagnilied 
Di  times. 

I'LATE  I. 

I.  DicranoniTia  liOsoirENxis  Schum. 
a.  Ilit-raiioiiijia  inMiii-EXNis  (K  S. 

3.  l>icraiioiiiyia  n.KKivncA  0.  S. 

4.  Troclioliola  awu-s  Saii. 

a.  illcpliaiitoiiiyia  wkstwoodi  0.  S. 
(i.  Toxorrliiiia  macn.v  O.  S. 
"i.  C'yliii(lr4»t<»iiia  NoDicoiixis  0.  S. 
H.  nicraiioiityclia  souuixa  0.  S. 
9.  Oriiiiai'Ka  ai.pina  Ziiorst. 

10.  i'lliptera  omissa  Srhincr. 

II.  Aiitoclia  oi>am/ans  0.  S. 

Vi,  Tciiclioiatiis  ((iMi'i.KVA  (>.  S. 
i;j.  Atarlm  iMrTiciKxis  o.  .S". 

11.  Itliyiiliolo|ililis  Nriwi.rs  O.  S. 
I'i.  llliyiilioloplllis  Ri  r.Ki.u-s  O.  ,<l, 
I<»,  r.rioi»f('i'a  cnuniopiiYLLA  O.  /s'. 
1?.  Ili-ioiitei-a  VKMisTA  O.  S. 

IN.  F.rio|)tora  ahmata  O.  S. 

If).  lii'io|»t(>ra  sp.  nov.   (Tlit>  wingwa^"  takonfrom  aCalifornian  ppeci- 

liii'll,  closely  allied  to  A'.  Iiirllpi  inii!<  O.  ?<,) 
'20.  Syni|»lt>('t:>   rcxfTii'KXNis  M. 

PLATE  II. 
1.  Ti-iiiiirra  ni.iprs  Fah. 
•i.  <>oiii4»iiiyia  sri,iMirKiu.i,A  O.  S. 

22      Decembsr,  1808.  /  oo"  \ 


.1"  . 


338 


DIl'TF.UA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[l  VUT  IV. 


/-<< 


3.  Lininophila  (Prionolabis)  kufibasis  0.  S. 

4.  <irOiiioinyia  siniciNEKEA  0.  S. 

5.  Guoplioinyia  tkistissima  0.  S. 

6.  Liiinnopliila  akkulata  0.  S. 

•y.  Liiiiiioiiliila  (Dactylolabis)  Montana  0.  S.    (The  spots  on 
this  wing  are  omitted  in  tlie  ligiue.) 

S.  Epipliragina  solatuix  0.  S. 

9,  Eiiinnopliila  (juaiikata  O.  S. 

10.  Lilllliopliila  luticiiknms  0.  S. 

11.  €ryptoIabis  i-auadoxa  0.  S. 

12.  Anisomera  mkgacera  0.  S.  9. 

13.  Tricliocera  bimacula   Wa!L{?).      The  spots  of  this  wing  are 

omitted  in  the  fiijure. 

14.  Ainalopi8  caljak  0.  S. 

15.  Anialopis  i.\oon.stans  0.  S.     The  wing  represented  on  this  liLUire 

has  two  supernumerary  cross-veins  in  the  second  submargiual  li-U, 
which  do  not  exist  in  normal  specimens. 

16.  Dici-anota  kivulabis  0.  S.  9. 

17.  Rliapliidolabis  temipes  O.  S. 
IS.  Plectroaiyia  modesta  0.  S. 

19.  Ptycliu|vtei'a  rui'ocis(  ta  0.  S. 

20.  BittacuH&oi'pha  clavu'es  Fab. 


I'.. 


fit  '1 


PLATE  III. 

1.  Dicraiiomyia  DEprNrxA  0.  S. ,-  forceps  from  helow. 

Fig.  1(1.  the  same  from  ahove  ;  (ki.  soft,  lleshy  lobes  ;  lib.  horny, 
falciform  appendages,  movalile  with  the  h)hes,  and  closely 
applied  to  them,  although  fastened  hy  the  basis  only;  cc. 
liorny,  projecting  points  of  the  internal  apparatus. 

2.  DicrailMinyia  badia  Walk.  .-  forceps  from  above;  na  and  Lh  ;iiv 

the  same  as  in  lig.  1  ;  /Id.  horny,  square  appendages,  each  bearing 
a  pair  of  bribtrtisi  ;  c.  point  ot  the  anal  style,  visible  between  the 
two  lobes. 

3.  Dicraiiomyia  lirekta  O.  S.  ,-  forceps  from  above  ;  aa.  and  hh.  as 

in  (ig.  1  :  <l,l.  homy,  rostriform  appendage,  with  a  bristle.— Fig.  3i/. 
point  of  the  anal  style,  seen  from  below. 

4.  Dveraiiornyia    olaiuatok   0.   S.  ;    one-half   of   the  forceps  fnmi 

aliove  ;  o,  b.  as  in  fig.   I  ;  e.  anal  style. 

6.  ICilillliidia  ikimkstua  O.  S.  :  iorrfi^^  from  above  and  open;  tl:e 
lettering  is  the  same  as  in  tlie  preceding  figures. — Fig.  fia  repre- 
sents the  same  forceps  from  below  and  close/l. 


H 

f 

flH|^^.^'  .nB 

* 

nv 

1 

"1 

L  • 

■■ift 

EXI'LANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


339 


'  6.  Umnobia  solitahi.v  O.  S.  ;  forct^ps  from  above,  Lalf  closed  ;  tin 
are  coriaceous,  movable  ;  /(/).  hooked  appendaj^es,  consisting  of  two, 
closely  applied  lamels  ;  the  outer  one  horny  ;  the  inner  one  appa- 
rently coriaceous  ;  e.  the  anal  style  ;  cc.  projecting  internal  organs  ; 
hb.  soft  eminences  (perhaps  rudiments  of  the  large  soft  lobes  of 
iytcrant»iii)iu). 

T.  Liinuobia  i.nd  jena  0.  S. ;  forceps  from  above;  the  lamels  M  are 
double. 

8.  Elepliantoinyia  westwoodi  0.  S.  ;  one-half  of  the  forceps;  ua, 

liorny  appeii  .aues. 

9,  T«'Ueli«»labi         mi'lexa  0.  S. ;  forceps  from  above;  du.  one-half 

of  the  same,  ho   .  below  ;   </«,  /-/'.  horny  appendages. 

10.  AlltoC'lia  sAxuci.A  O.  .V.  ;  forceps  fnnn  above  ;  aa.  double  append- 

ages. consistiuLr  of  a  horny  and  of  a  soft  part,  closely  joined. 

11.  DicraHloptyt'lia  mgku'es   0.  S. ;   forceps  from  above;  i/.  short, 

black  bristles  ;  xx.  indistinct  horny  appiMidages.  When  this  species 
opened  its  forceps,  a  delicate,  horny  apparatus  (figured  separately, 
fig.  Ill/)  was  spread  outside  of  it;  bli  is  a  slender  forceps,  moving 
independently  of  aa,  and  closing  at  the  point  c. 

12.  Dicraiioiityciia  sdHKiNA  0.  S. ;  one-half  of  the  forceps. 
IS.  Crypt olatois  pauahoxa  0.  -S.  ,•  forceps  from  above. 

l'6a.  the  same  from  below;  <i<i.  horny  ajipendages,  small  and  indis- 
tinct, being  closely  applied  to  the  llesliy  part  of  the  forceps  ; 
b  seems  to  be  the  rudiment  of  an  anal  style. 

13ft.  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  of  the  female,  from  the  side. 

13c.  the  same  fiom  above  ;  both  show  that  there  are  no  visible  horny 
lamels;  the  prominences  ua  are  beset  with  microscopic  bristles. 

PL- /''E  IV. 

14.  Erioptera  armata  0.  .S'.  .•   forceps  from  abovp. 

14«.  the  same,  from  the  side  ;  its  structure  is  somewhat  complicated  ; 
besides  the  coriaceous  parts,  ilil,  there  are  two  paiis  of  Imrny 
appendages  ;  on*-  of  tliem  is  seen  at  li,  in  fig.  ]4</ ;  whei\  de- 
tached, it  looks  like  fig.  14'>.  in  which  the  portion  l>/-l'  is  .  his.'ly 
applied  to  the  coriaceous  part  (/  and  <■  branches  off.  The  other 
pair  of  appetidaces.  n.  of  tli,'.  14'/,  is  slender  and  curved. 

l."*.  Eri«ptt*ra  cai.optkk*  Shi/:  for<-eps  from  below. 

16.  Eriopt(>ra   vintsta  O.  S.  .-   fon->-p«  from  above. 

ltl((.  the  same,  from  beUiw ;  the  \Km\«r  appendages, ////,  seen  from 
below,  iippear  doubi-*-  .onsisting  of  the  horny  part,  '/),  and  the 
membranaceous  a|>V"-i»'»«t-"". '''' •"  fii-'.  It!''  represents  it  detached; 
its  wiarL'in  //  is  homy,  tlie  rest  is  meniliranaceous  ;  these  two 
a|»ptetv.lai!oes  have  an  interval  between  them,  although  they 
move  siuunidtaneously. 


!  I    ■ 


-S 


m. 


n 


I 


k^ 


:1    •!: 


I  f 


">v 


340  DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  [PART  IV. 

IT.  (aoniomyia  blanda  0,  S. ;  forceps  from  above  and  open. 
IS.  CirOliioiliyia  coc;.natella  0.  S. ;  half  tlio  forceps,  from  above. 

19.  tiiioplioinyia  tristissima  0.  S. ;  forceps  from  above,  half  open. 

li)a.  ovipositor  of  the  same  species. 

20.  El'ioptera  vespeutina  0,  S.  ;  half  the  forceps. 

21.  Syiliplecta   punctipesnis  AI.  ;  forceps  from  above  ;  a  and  b  are 

horny. 

22.  Cladura  Fi.AvoFKRr.roixEA  0.  S.;  forceps  from  the  side;  a  is  con- 

vex,  and  seems  to  be  horny  inside  ;  <•  is  the  forcejis. 

23.  l,illlIlOI>llila    apeilixa   0.  S.  ;   forceps  from   above;    the  nnt.-r 

horny  appendages  have  a  longitudinal  notch,  represented  on  lig. 
2;5a. 

24.  Liininopllila  ultima  0.  S.  ;  forceps  from  below. 

25.  Liiniioiiliila  LrxF.irKNNis  O.  S.  ;  forceps  from  above;  nn.  mova- 

ble appendages  ;  the  outer  ones  horny. 

26.  Liiniiopliila  (Dactylolatois)  jiontana  0.  5.;  forceps  from 

above,  closed  (it  is  di*<itinguished  at  once  by  the  position  of  tlie 
appendages). 

2tJ((.  tlie  same,  from  the  side ;   n.  inner  horny  points,  protruding 
when  thn  forceps  is  opened. 

27.  riniiiopliila  (PrionolabiH)   nrnnAsis  0.  S.:   forceps  from 

above,  open  ;  (lo.  iarge,  strong  appendages,  serrated  on  the  in.Mile; 
hi),  also  honi'f,  figured  separately,  27«. 

27/'  is  a  slender,  horny  organ,  which  protrudes,  when  the  forceps  is 
oiKUied  ;   otherwise  it  is  concealed. 

28.  Eriocera   fi-lksisosa   0.  S.  ;   forceps  from  above;  <ia  are  horny; 

/;/)  soft ;  c  is  curved  dowuwards.  like  lig.  27/). 

29.  Eri«»cera  (Arrlieiiica)  spinosa  (k  S.  ;  forceps  from  above;  n. 

horny,  /;.  soft  appendages;  rr.  internal  clutching  apparatus;  tli.' 
latter  is  figured  separately,  lig.  2i)«  ;  at  (/  is  a  joint,  by  means  '.f 
wlii(di  it  is  moved. 

30.  AllltllO|iiH  ixconspans  0.  S.  ;  forceps  from  above,  and  half  open; 

it  ir.  dillicult  to  convey  a  correct  idea  of  it  in  a  drawing;  the  honiy 
points,,/;  (/,  h,  are  all  curved  upwards  ;  tlie  point  /'is  bitid  (lig.  I'.Ok), 
hh  are  soft  ;  rr  hollow  inside  ;  /;  is  figured  separately  at  3(»6. 

31.  nittacoiliorplia  h.avipks /\ ,-  forceps  from  below. 

;U'(.  the  same,  from  above. 


r;  I 


U'i 


Br,i  ■: 


■\ 


\i 


INDEX. 


Afvpliona,  151 

;\ll"aritliinia,  251 

Ariialopina,  25!* 

Aiiialopis,  2(i(> 

Ainalopis  awripennis  0.  S.,  2t)8 
oalcar  O.  .S'.,  2()S 
liypeihorea  0.  S.,  26!) 
iiiconstaiis  ().  S.,  2()(j 
venialis  (>.  S.,  270 

Aiiisomera,  2:51) 

Aiiisoiiiera  megacHra  0.  S.,  24:^ 

loiiiricomis  Widk.,  253 

/\nisiomeriiia,  23s 

Aiioplistes,  14,  :!31 

Aiitofha,  124 

Autocha  oi)alizans  O.  S.,  12G 
saxicola  0.  S.,  120 

Aporosa,  7<S 

Arrlieiiiua,  247,  250 

Arrhi'iiica  loiiiiicornis  Walk.,  253 
spinosa  0.  S.,  252 

Astrolabis,  284 

Ataiacta,  57 

Atarha,  127 

Atai-ha  pieticornis  0.  S.,  128 

B.'i-tea,  230 
BittiU'oinorpha,  313 
liittaifomoipha  clavipes  F.,  315 
]>le)>liavocera,  3 
lidlilirosia,  2()5 

"^alohainon,  15 

raluptera,  24!) 

<Vn.zo(lia,  11)2,  331 

("ni'ildtiicliia,  148 

Clitniialida,  12 

''liioiifa,  1(18 

Chiouea  aspcra  117.-.,  109,  325 

scita  1»7-.,  325 

valga  llarr.  Iti9 


Cladolipps,  244 

Cladiira,  lb7 

Cladiira  tlavof'errncinoi  O.  S'.,  188 
iiidivisa  <).  S.,  189 

Cloniophora,  1!)2,  332 

("ruiioliia,  205 

Crypt<)lal)i:<,  185 

("ryj)t()lal>i.s  paiadoxa  0.  S.,  186 

Utedonia,  lit.',  :533 

Cteuoeei'ia,  312 

Cyiiiidrotoma,  2!)6 

Cylindiotoma  ainericaiia  0.  .*^.,  2!M) 
luacrorera  Maiq.,  2n4 
iiodicoruis  O.  S.,  3nl 

Cylindrotomina,  28!) 

Daotylolabis,  198,  227 

Dasyptera,  149 

Dicraiioniyia,  53 

Dicrauoiuyia  liadia  Walk.,  73 

brevivena,  n.  sp.,  0(3 
distaus  0.  S.,  07 
defuiK'ta  0.  S.,  70 
diversa  0.  S.,  04 
tldi'idana,  n.  sj).,  (J7 
{iladiator  O.  S.,  03 
glotiitliorax,  11.  sp.,  74 
liiiTetica,  n.  sp.,  7ii 
lialterata,  n.  sp.,  71 
limiiidicdia  0.  .S'.,  72 
iiiniieiiHu-  O.  S.,  (il 
ininiodcsta  0.  ■>'.,  02 
lihtTta  O    S  .  i;!l 
loiij:ipciiiiis  Sr/nim.,  (!I 
luariiHiiata  O.  S.,  77 
iiioiio  /•'.,  73 
niorioides  ().  .S',,  73 
pudii-a  O.  S..  04 


().  S. 


pilbipelllii 

rata,  ii.  sp..  75 
roslrifera,  ii.  sp.,  05 

(o41  ) 


73 


!        ]     , 


.am- 


-.  «T.;    i 


■       !■    ■ 


ri' 


342 


INDEX. 


11 


):»■    '       » 


H  ;■  -'■ 


'<■:- 

k.  :     1       ■ 

,* 

1!  •  ;■  T  -j 

Difranoinyia  stulta  0.  S.,  (i8 

Diuraiiophia^nia,  ID'.t,  --5 

l)icraii()i)tyc'lia,  lltl 

Dicranoptycha  gerniaiia  O.  S.,  117 
iiigiiiws  O.  S.,  1J!» 
soi)iiiia  0.  S.,  118 
soroiciila  0.  -S'.,  118 

Dicraiiofa,  278 

Diuianota  riviilaris  0.  .S'.,  281 
cuccra,  n.  sp.,  2^1 

Discobola,  !»8 

IMxa,  ;'> 

Klaeopliila,  12 

Klepliaiitoiiijia,  106 

Elephantouiyia  westwoodi  0.  .9.,  109 
caiiacleusis  0.  S.,  109 

Klliptera,  12;} 

Kinpeda,  183 

Eiupeda  stii^inatica,  u.  sp.,  184 

Kphelia,  199,  224 

Kpiphiagma,  193 

Epipliraguia  fascipennia  Sny,  194 
pavoiiiiia  O.  S,,  194 
solatrix  O.  S.,  194 

Eriocera,  244 

Eriocera  fuliginosa  0.  S.,  255 

longiforiiis   Wolk-.,  253 
spiiiosa  0.  S.,  252 
wilsouil,  n.  sp.,  255 

Erioptera,  14(j 

Erioptera  aruiata  0.  S.,  1(50 

arniillai'is,  ii.  sp.,  158 
caloptera  0.  S.,  IGl 
lailt.iophylla  O.  S.,  157 
chrysoeoiiia  0.  S.,  15ii 
fascipeiinis  Xi'/I.,  142,  328 
foioipiila,  n.  sp.,  1()3 
grapiiica  0.  S.,  159 
hirtipeiniis  O.  S.,  1(J3 
lioiotric-ha  0.  S.,  143 
iiieigi^iiii  0.  S.,  144 
iinliila  0.  S.,  141 
parva  i).  ^'.,  lti2 
pubipeimis  0.  S.,  1()2 
septemtrioiiirt  0.  S.,  155 
stianiinea,  n.  sp.,  157 
vespeitina  0.  .S.,  157 
vemista  0.  S..  158 
villosa  0.  S.,  155 
iirsina  0.  6'.,  164 

Eriopterina,  135 

Evanioptera,  249 

(leranoiiiyia,  78 

Geraiioniyia  canadensis  Weslw.,  80 
couiuiunis  O.  .S.,  80 
diversa  0.  .S.,  80 


frHranomyia  rostrata  Say,  79 

(ilocliina,  59 

(Jnoplioniyia,  172 

(Jnopliomyia  luctuosa  O.  S.,  174 
nijrriiiola  WhU:.,  174 
tristissiuia  U.  .S.,  174 

Oonioinyia,  17(J 

Gonioniyia  blanda  0.  S.,  182 

cognatella  O.  S.,  l^l 
manca,  n.  sp.,  17s 
subc'inerea  <>.  S.,  181 
sulpliurflla  O.  S.,  Ibc 

r.ynoplistia,  192,  331 

(iynoplistia  annulata  We6tw.,-i'J,,  32;i 

Ilaploneura,  275 
llelius,  105 
llelobia,  171 
Uexatoma,  242 
Hoplolabis,  152 

Idioneura,  171 
Idioptera,  199,  207 
llisia,  12,  149 
llisonivia,  12 
Ilisophila,  12 

Lachnocera,  192,  334 

Lasioniaslix,  199,  204 

Leptorliina,  105 

Linir.:ea,  12 

LiniDoi'ia,  84 

Liuniobia  argus  Sni/,  98 

badia  WalL.,  72 
biterniiuat;i  ir(///.-.,40, 3:'.7 
californica  O.  .S.,  9(j 
cinctijies  Sii/,  bfe 
cana  WalL-  ,'40,  171 
conterniina  Ua//..,  40 
fiiscipeniiis  Sill/,  194 
gracilis  IF/Vr/.,"  41,  322 
hudsonica  0.  S.,  91 
liunieralis  Sni/,  41,  )VJ2 
ignoliilis   W'lilk.,  41,  327 
inunatuia  0.  S.,  89 
indigena  O.  S.,  94 

IllUOIl'L'i'ia   '    •:)/,   - 

nigricDla  Wult.,  174 
pioniiiiens   WnlL.,  li-'i 
parietina  0.  S.,  93 
rostrata  Sm/,  79 
simulans   \Valk  ,  41 
sociabilis.  n.  sp.,  95 
solitaria  <).  S.,  90 
temiipcs  Smi,  21  !• 
trioceliata  O.   s'.,  92 
tristitjiiia  O.  S.,  94 
turpis   Walk-.,  41,  32u 


INDEX. 


343 


■  ■:■  '■^,,r(.  ■■■* 


Limnoliina,  51 
liiiiiiiobina  anoinala,  100 
LiiiiiiobiorliyiK.'hiis,  111? 
Liinnobiorliyiichu:^  cauadeusis, 

WrstW.,  80 

Liniiioinyza,  12 

Liiuiinphila,  1!M; 

Limnophila  adusta  O,  S.,  215 
areolata  O.  S.,  214 
aprilina  O.  S.,  223 
lirevifurca  O.  S.,  211 
carl)onaiia  Mncq.,  40, 

323 
contf'inpta,  n.  sp.,  218 
cubitalis,  n.  sp.,  22!) 
fasuiolata  0.  S.,  20G 
fratria,  n.  sp.,  220 
fuscovaria  0.  S.,  225 
imbecilla  O.  S.,  213 
Inornata,  u.  sp.,  219 
leiita  0.  .S.,  231 
luteipeiinis  0.  S.,  217 
iiiacrouera  Say,  204 
uiuiida,  n.  sp.,  22tj 
iiiontaiia  0.  S,,  227 
iiiveitarsis,  n.  sp.,  209 
pa  von  ilia  0.  S.,  194 
poetica,  n.  sp.,  20? 
pilosella  0.  S.,  233 
quadiata  0.  S.,  230 
recondita,  n.  sp.,  212 
ni!lbas!.,  0.  S.,  225 
temiicoriiis,  ii.  sp.,  208 
tennipes  S'li/,  210 
toxoiieuia  O.  S.,  213 
uiiiu'a,  11.  sp.,  205 
ultima  O.  ^•.,  222 

Liniiiophilina,  190 

liiinoiiia,  14 

Liognia,  298 

Maerochile,  318 
Mauioptera,  27 1> 
Mi^u'ailiiiia,  105 
MesoL'vplioiia,  152 
Molopliilus,  153 

Xematocera,  242 
^'t•luo^;era,  9 

•  Higonicra.  249 
IMiinarga,  120 
Oiiiiosia,  12 
0/.i)oera,  331 

I'aratropesa,  132,  333 

IVliiia,  271 

IVdiuia  albivitta  U'///-.,  273 


!  I't^dicia  roiitermiiia  ITd//,.,  272 

I  Felosia,  12 

'•  I'eiith()pt«ra,  25il 

;  IViitlioplcra  all)itarsis,  ii.  sp.,  257 

I'eriplit'ioptt^ra,  53,  330 

Feroiu'cera,  242 
i  I'halaurocera,  3(i5 
j  I'lialacroccra  tipuliiia  O.  S.,  307 
,  I'liyst'crailia,  249 
'  I'lat.vtoiiia,  14't 

IMcctroiiiyia,  2S2 

riectronivia  luodesta,  n.  sp.,  284 

l'lHttiisa,'79 

I'M'cildStola.  2(^0 

Tolyiiiera,  2ilO,  335 

i'olymoria,  192.  3:!4 

Prioiiolabis,  197,  225 
:  I'rotDplasa,  31ti 
,  I'lotoplasa  titiliii  O.  S.,  319 
j  I'silouonopa,  17<! 
I  Ptciocosiiius,  249 
,  I'tychopteia,  3o9 

I'tyuhoptera  int'tallica  WnU.-.,  324 

<)iiadiit'asci;ita  >'"//,  322 
1  iif'iiiiiu.ta  0.  rS.,  313 

I'tyiliopterina,  309 

Rliampliidia,  103 

Kliaiiiphidia  bievirostris  O.  S.,  105 
llavipes  Muk/..  lo") 
prtiiiiiuHiis   M '///.•.,  lo5 
'  Rlia[iliido!alpis,  2>4 
Rliaphiilulabis  flavcola,  n.  sp.,  2^8 
temiipcs,  11.  sp.,  2S7 
I  Rliicnoptila,  198,  201 
lihipidia,  81 

Rhipidia  domestica  O.  S-,  84 
lldt^lis  (>.  S.,  y.i 
iiiai-ulata  M.,  S2 
Rliyplioloplius,  139 
Rlivplioloplius  fascipennis  Z(  tr.,  142, 
32S 
holotrit-hiis  0.  S.,  143 
imioceiis.  11.  r'l).,  142 
"iiieige'iiii  ().  .S. .  144 
nioiitii'ola,  II.  s|).,  145 
iiiuripiln-:.  ii.  sp.,  142 
miliiliis  O.  >'..  141 
riibcUus,  11.  sji.,  144 

Siirmatoiiiera,  137 
SpyloptiM'a,  12 
ytyriiiu'oinyia,  102 
Syinpiei;ta,  17o 

t^ytiipieuta  jtunctipHiinis  .lA,  171 
caiia  \r,ilL:,  171 

I  Taiiydf lus,  31S 


rl 


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I  'i?f 


;}4t 


INDEX. 


Tanyniora,  193 

Tfinyplera,  14 

Tituysi.liyia,  1!»3 

Tii|ilii'<>i)hila,  12 

'J'aj.lin.sa,  12 

THUcliolal.is,  12t) 

'J't'iii'lidlaliis  coniplexa  0.  S,,  132 

TliiiuiiiastoptHra,  1)54 

'I'oxoirliina,  101) 

Toxonhiiia  inajina  O.  S.,  114 

iiuiliebris  <>,  S.,  115 

Trichocwra,  2;?3 

Trichoueia  bimat-ula  n'(//,-.,23i!,  32r) 
brninalis  /•(/<■//,  2:i7,  323 
pracilis   Walh.,  325 
iiKK^nlipeniiis  .1/.,  236 
siMitcllata  Say,  322 

Trichoiieura,  193 


Trichosticlia,  149 
Ti'icyphona,  2ti5 
Triiiiicra,  l(i5 

Tiimicia  aiioinala  0.  .?.,  107 
Triogina,  303 

Tiiogma  exsculjjta  0.  S.,  304 
nodiconiis  O.  S.,  301 
Trochobola,  97 
Tr()(!li<)l)()la  ar(;!U8  Saij,  98 
Tyclioptera,  14 

Ula,  274 

Ula  elegana,  n.  sp,,  276 

paupHia  O.  S.,  277 

pilosa  0.  S.,  277 
TJlomoi'plia,  232 
Uloiuoriiha  pilosella  0.  S.,  233 


H' 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIOXS. 


Pago  18,  line  4  from  the  top;  "  1,  In  the  T.  lonijijniljti,  the  anxiliaiy  vein 
finis  in  tlie  first  longitudinal,  cto."  In  the  genus  I'avhijrrhina  the  tuix- 
illary  vein,  ininieiiiately  before  its  termination  in  the  first  longitudinal, 
(it'tfii  has  a  stump  of  a  vein,  which,  in  some  species,  almost  looks  like  a 
cross-vein,  connecting  it  with  the  costa. 

l'a<^e  1!*,  line  14  from  the  top  :  "  The  7V/».  /')H'///;fi//)i  usually  keep  the  wings 
divaricate  in  repose,"  etc.  J\uhi/rr/iiii(i  and  even  some  Tijuiln ,  keep  the 
wings  folded  in  repose.  The  rule  is  less  general  than  has  been  stated 
by  former  authors. 

Tat'es  88,  S!),  !)0 :  In  the  three  Latin  dia{;noses  on  these  pages,  read  "  veuula 
transversa"  instead  of  "  transversalis." 


While  this  volume  was  in  press,  two  new  species,  (ioninmijin  mmira  ami 
r.iiaptcrti  Jori-ipidd,  have  been  added  to  it.  The  numerical  data  on  pages 
3")  and  the  following  were  printed  before  this  addition  was  made,  and 
have  to  be  modified  accordingly.  The  abnormal  character  of  one  of  these 
species,  (joniomijUt  iiKinrd,  requires  that  it  should  be  ijuoted  along  with  the 
gfiuis  Vladolipcn  (on  page  24  and  in  the  third  foot-note  on  page  44),  as  bn 
instance  of  an  exceptional  disappearance  of  one  of  the  branches  of  the 
second  longitudinal  vein.  For  the  same  reason,  on  page  12.'),  line  .')  from 
till'  top,  instead  of  "in  (ioiiionniid,''  read  "in  (Innimniiid  iiKiiicfi/' 

On  the  same  page,  25,  tlie  genus  Panitroiirsri  Schiner  (compare  pa^e  1152) 
niay  be  quoted  as  forming  an  apparent  transition  between  the  '/'i/'ididir 
^rith  one  and  those  with  two  submarginal  cells.  It  has  a  cross-vein  in 
tlie  marginal  cell,  wliich  might  be  taken  for  a  branch  of  the  second  vein, 
if  every  other  character  did  not  point  to  a  relationship  with  T<iirh(ilidii.<. 
Hence  I  look  upon  it  as  having  only  a  single  submarginal  cell,  while  l>r. 
Schiner  placed  it  among  those  with  two  such  cells.  Dr.  Schiner's  work 
was  received  by  me  whilii  this  volume  was  iu  press. 


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